Roland Vogt (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083879
- eISBN:
- 9789882209077
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083879.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
One of the new issues in EU-China affairs is climate change. Although both sides are active players in multilateral climate negotiations and have committed themselves to emissions reductions and ...
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One of the new issues in EU-China affairs is climate change. Although both sides are active players in multilateral climate negotiations and have committed themselves to emissions reductions and mitigation strategies, both sides pursue distinct interests. China places great importance to climate change but it is not yet fully willing to compromise economic growth prospects in return for tougher and verifiable emission cuts. The creation of a EU-China partnership on climate change has made few inroads, in particular because European companies are sceptical about technology transfers to China and because the EU's self-proclaimed leadership on climate change has so far been unable to break the Sino-US deadlock that have held up negotiations for the future global climate regime.Less
One of the new issues in EU-China affairs is climate change. Although both sides are active players in multilateral climate negotiations and have committed themselves to emissions reductions and mitigation strategies, both sides pursue distinct interests. China places great importance to climate change but it is not yet fully willing to compromise economic growth prospects in return for tougher and verifiable emission cuts. The creation of a EU-China partnership on climate change has made few inroads, in particular because European companies are sceptical about technology transfers to China and because the EU's self-proclaimed leadership on climate change has so far been unable to break the Sino-US deadlock that have held up negotiations for the future global climate regime.
Robert Hahn and Alistair Ulph
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199692873
- eISBN:
- 9780191738371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199692873.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
There is common agreement that climate change presents a serious threat to the planet. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to the climate change problem and summarize the main findings of the ...
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There is common agreement that climate change presents a serious threat to the planet. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to the climate change problem and summarize the main findings of the other chapters of the book. In addition we present 10 consensus principles on climate change policy developed by participants at a conference in honour of Tom Schelling. We argue that there is a need to go beyond many economists' preferred solution of doing no more than pricing pollution appropriately to also include consideration of alternatives such as geo-engineering and R&D subsidies. In addition, there is a growing realization that unless the cost of containing carbon emissions can be reduced substantially through innovation, not much mitigation is likely to occur. Finally, the authors of the Schelling consensus believe that a new approach is needed to climate change negotiations, which focuses on enforceable, realistic targets.Less
There is common agreement that climate change presents a serious threat to the planet. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to the climate change problem and summarize the main findings of the other chapters of the book. In addition we present 10 consensus principles on climate change policy developed by participants at a conference in honour of Tom Schelling. We argue that there is a need to go beyond many economists' preferred solution of doing no more than pricing pollution appropriately to also include consideration of alternatives such as geo-engineering and R&D subsidies. In addition, there is a growing realization that unless the cost of containing carbon emissions can be reduced substantially through innovation, not much mitigation is likely to occur. Finally, the authors of the Schelling consensus believe that a new approach is needed to climate change negotiations, which focuses on enforceable, realistic targets.
Lena Sommestad (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847429247
- eISBN:
- 9781447305613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847429247.003.0012
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
This chapter tests the idea of connecting climate policies and the social investment approach in order to elaborate a European Model for Sustainable Development. It argues that the success of EU ...
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This chapter tests the idea of connecting climate policies and the social investment approach in order to elaborate a European Model for Sustainable Development. It argues that the success of EU climate policies, which have hitherto been largely unrelated to social policy, will be strongly dependent on social policy design. They have been designed in favour of liberalized energy markets, based on market-related policy instruments and limited state intervention. But these neoliberal EU climate policies are viewed with growing discontent. Problems identified include volatile energy prices, lack of investment in low-carbon energy and ‘fuel poverty’. The chapter argues that income redistribution and appropriate employment policies to re-skill the labour force in order to respond to the needs of a low-carbon economy are crucial elements for successful climate change mitigation. It then discusses the likelihood of a policy shift in the EU towards a paradigm for sustainable development. By providing a coherent approach to climate policy and social policy, the sustainable development paradigm carries the potential to strengthen the social investment approach and improve social policy design in support of climate change mitigation.Less
This chapter tests the idea of connecting climate policies and the social investment approach in order to elaborate a European Model for Sustainable Development. It argues that the success of EU climate policies, which have hitherto been largely unrelated to social policy, will be strongly dependent on social policy design. They have been designed in favour of liberalized energy markets, based on market-related policy instruments and limited state intervention. But these neoliberal EU climate policies are viewed with growing discontent. Problems identified include volatile energy prices, lack of investment in low-carbon energy and ‘fuel poverty’. The chapter argues that income redistribution and appropriate employment policies to re-skill the labour force in order to respond to the needs of a low-carbon economy are crucial elements for successful climate change mitigation. It then discusses the likelihood of a policy shift in the EU towards a paradigm for sustainable development. By providing a coherent approach to climate policy and social policy, the sustainable development paradigm carries the potential to strengthen the social investment approach and improve social policy design in support of climate change mitigation.
Jon Birger Skjærseth and Tora Skodvin
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719065583
- eISBN:
- 9781781700471
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719065583.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter analyses the accuracy of the Domestic Politics (DP) model in accounting for the differences in climate change strategies adopted by the oil companies in this study. It explains that the ...
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This chapter analyses the accuracy of the Domestic Politics (DP) model in accounting for the differences in climate change strategies adopted by the oil companies in this study. It explains that the DP model highlights the extent of social demand for environmental quality, the type of climate policy supplied by the government, and the way in which political institutions link supply and demand, that is, the relationship between state and industry. This chapter analyses the relevant conditions in the Netherlands, Norway, and the U.S., the home-base countries for Shell, Statoil and ExxonMobil, respectively.Less
This chapter analyses the accuracy of the Domestic Politics (DP) model in accounting for the differences in climate change strategies adopted by the oil companies in this study. It explains that the DP model highlights the extent of social demand for environmental quality, the type of climate policy supplied by the government, and the way in which political institutions link supply and demand, that is, the relationship between state and industry. This chapter analyses the relevant conditions in the Netherlands, Norway, and the U.S., the home-base countries for Shell, Statoil and ExxonMobil, respectively.
Cynthia D. Moe-Lobeda
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780823268436
- eISBN:
- 9780823272532
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823268436.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Few of Earth’s goods are more deeply common goods serving the common good(s) than the Earth’s atmosphere. We human creatures—as all creatures—hold in common our need for it. Jeopardizing it puts all ...
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Few of Earth’s goods are more deeply common goods serving the common good(s) than the Earth’s atmosphere. We human creatures—as all creatures—hold in common our need for it. Jeopardizing it puts all other common good(s) in harm’s way. What we do not hold in common is our access to those endangered goods (such as food and water). Climate change may be the most far-reaching manifestation of white privilege and class privilege yet to face humankind. Caused overwhelmingly by the world’s high-consuming people, climate change is wreaking death and destruction first and foremost on impoverished people who also are disproportionately people of color. Many voices of the Global South recognize this as climate debt (or climate colonialism) and situate it as a continuation of the colonialism that enabled the Global North to enrich itself for five centuries at the expense of Africa, Latin America, Indigenous North America, and parts of Asia. This essay posits climate change as a moral matter of climate debt, white privilege, and class privilege. It then draws on tools of Christian ethics as a political theology to frame a moral response. The essay’s third section sketches key aspects of that response. They include a potentially morally disempowering paradox, an understanding of morally empowering vision, and criteria for climate policy and action that take seriously the climate debt and climate privilege dimensions of climate change.Less
Few of Earth’s goods are more deeply common goods serving the common good(s) than the Earth’s atmosphere. We human creatures—as all creatures—hold in common our need for it. Jeopardizing it puts all other common good(s) in harm’s way. What we do not hold in common is our access to those endangered goods (such as food and water). Climate change may be the most far-reaching manifestation of white privilege and class privilege yet to face humankind. Caused overwhelmingly by the world’s high-consuming people, climate change is wreaking death and destruction first and foremost on impoverished people who also are disproportionately people of color. Many voices of the Global South recognize this as climate debt (or climate colonialism) and situate it as a continuation of the colonialism that enabled the Global North to enrich itself for five centuries at the expense of Africa, Latin America, Indigenous North America, and parts of Asia. This essay posits climate change as a moral matter of climate debt, white privilege, and class privilege. It then draws on tools of Christian ethics as a political theology to frame a moral response. The essay’s third section sketches key aspects of that response. They include a potentially morally disempowering paradox, an understanding of morally empowering vision, and criteria for climate policy and action that take seriously the climate debt and climate privilege dimensions of climate change.
Mikael Skou Andersen and Paul Ekins
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199570683
- eISBN:
- 9780191723186
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570683.003.0010
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare, International
In this chapter we provide an overview and interpretation of findings presented in this volume, while placing them in the context of the wider climate policy debate. We revisit the competitiveness ...
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In this chapter we provide an overview and interpretation of findings presented in this volume, while placing them in the context of the wider climate policy debate. We revisit the competitiveness issue and consider the findings presented in this book within the framework of the Porter hypothesis and Leibenstein's concept of X‐efficiency, both of which have been quoted in support of more vigorous energy and climate policy. Carbon leakage, which refers to the displacement of emissions to non‐carbon tax countries and regions, is a prominent concern in relation to specific industrial sectors and we examine the leakage rates identified here against the broader patterns of development in international trade and development, with particular attention directed towards developments in China and other emerging industrialized countries. The obvious challenge is to identify a formula that enables control while at the same time allowing for transformation of the global energy systems and continued economic growth, in particular in developing countries.Less
In this chapter we provide an overview and interpretation of findings presented in this volume, while placing them in the context of the wider climate policy debate. We revisit the competitiveness issue and consider the findings presented in this book within the framework of the Porter hypothesis and Leibenstein's concept of X‐efficiency, both of which have been quoted in support of more vigorous energy and climate policy. Carbon leakage, which refers to the displacement of emissions to non‐carbon tax countries and regions, is a prominent concern in relation to specific industrial sectors and we examine the leakage rates identified here against the broader patterns of development in international trade and development, with particular attention directed towards developments in China and other emerging industrialized countries. The obvious challenge is to identify a formula that enables control while at the same time allowing for transformation of the global energy systems and continued economic growth, in particular in developing countries.
Jon Skjaerseth and Tora Skodvin
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719065583
- eISBN:
- 9781781700471
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719065583.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Multinational corporations are not merely the problem in environmental concerns, but could also be part of the solution. The oil industry and climate change provide the clearest example of how the ...
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Multinational corporations are not merely the problem in environmental concerns, but could also be part of the solution. The oil industry and climate change provide the clearest example of how the two are linked; what is less well known is how the industry is responding to these concerns. This book presents a detailed study of the climate strategies of ExxonMobil, Shell and Statoil. Using an analytical approach, the chapters explain variations at three decision-making levels: within the companies themselves, in the national home-bases of the companies and at an international level. The analysis generates policy-relevant knowledge about whether and how corporate resistance to a viable climate policy can be overcome. The analytical approach developed by this book is also applicable to other areas of environmental degradation where multinational corporations play a central role.Less
Multinational corporations are not merely the problem in environmental concerns, but could also be part of the solution. The oil industry and climate change provide the clearest example of how the two are linked; what is less well known is how the industry is responding to these concerns. This book presents a detailed study of the climate strategies of ExxonMobil, Shell and Statoil. Using an analytical approach, the chapters explain variations at three decision-making levels: within the companies themselves, in the national home-bases of the companies and at an international level. The analysis generates policy-relevant knowledge about whether and how corporate resistance to a viable climate policy can be overcome. The analytical approach developed by this book is also applicable to other areas of environmental degradation where multinational corporations play a central role.
Gørild Heggelund, Steinar Andresen, and Inga Fritzen Buan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014267
- eISBN:
- 9780262289481
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014267.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
The chapter focuses on the climate policy of China. Chinese climate policies are linked to its economic policy, particularly its energy policy. The three main determinants that are decisive for ...
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The chapter focuses on the climate policy of China. Chinese climate policies are linked to its economic policy, particularly its energy policy. The three main determinants that are decisive for China’s climate change policy include economy, energy, and perceived vulnerability. It studies the role and influence of the main institutions involved in China’s climate-change policy. The role of China in international negotiations is examined, and the implementation of direct climate policies through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) by China is discussed. The chapter concludes by presenting a future perspective on China’s climate policy.Less
The chapter focuses on the climate policy of China. Chinese climate policies are linked to its economic policy, particularly its energy policy. The three main determinants that are decisive for China’s climate change policy include economy, energy, and perceived vulnerability. It studies the role and influence of the main institutions involved in China’s climate-change policy. The role of China in international negotiations is examined, and the implementation of direct climate policies through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) by China is discussed. The chapter concludes by presenting a future perspective on China’s climate policy.
Henrik Selin and Stacy D. VanDeveer
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262012997
- eISBN:
- 9780262259170
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012997.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter examines climate change measures in the Northeast North America. It seeks to uncover how regional institutions and policy networks, along with the public, private, and civil society ...
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This chapter examines climate change measures in the Northeast North America. It seeks to uncover how regional institutions and policy networks, along with the public, private, and civil society sectors, are taking on significant leadership roles in pioneering climate change policymaking and implementation. The chapter also explains the important aspects of major policy developments and their importance for effective climate change impact reduction. Political action in the northeast shows the appropriateness and technical and economic plausibility of more ambitious efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, which sets significant precedents upon which future North American climate change legislation will be based. The chapter concludes by giving commentaries about the important features of current and future climate change policies in North America.Less
This chapter examines climate change measures in the Northeast North America. It seeks to uncover how regional institutions and policy networks, along with the public, private, and civil society sectors, are taking on significant leadership roles in pioneering climate change policymaking and implementation. The chapter also explains the important aspects of major policy developments and their importance for effective climate change impact reduction. Political action in the northeast shows the appropriateness and technical and economic plausibility of more ambitious efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, which sets significant precedents upon which future North American climate change legislation will be based. The chapter concludes by giving commentaries about the important features of current and future climate change policies in North America.
Paul G. Harris
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847428134
- eISBN:
- 9781447301844
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847428134.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
With the increasingly central role of China very much in mind, this book aims to assess how China's longstanding concerns about international fairness and justice can be squared against the pressing ...
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With the increasingly central role of China very much in mind, this book aims to assess how China's longstanding concerns about international fairness and justice can be squared against the pressing need for an effective international regime and effective domestic policies that limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This chapter lays a foundation for the chapters that follow. It begins by describing very briefly some of the science and international diplomacy of climate change, before summarising some key aspects of Chinese climate policy and providing some possible explanations for that policy.Less
With the increasingly central role of China very much in mind, this book aims to assess how China's longstanding concerns about international fairness and justice can be squared against the pressing need for an effective international regime and effective domestic policies that limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This chapter lays a foundation for the chapters that follow. It begins by describing very briefly some of the science and international diplomacy of climate change, before summarising some key aspects of Chinese climate policy and providing some possible explanations for that policy.
Shizuka Oshitani
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719069383
- eISBN:
- 9781781701546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719069383.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
The adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in December 1997 brought global warming politics to the next stage. With legally binding reduction targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions allocated to developed ...
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The adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in December 1997 brought global warming politics to the next stage. With legally binding reduction targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions allocated to developed countries and, as many of them had failed to control their carbon dioxide emissions, efforts at reducing GHG emissions were strengthened in many developed liberal democracies. This epilogue examines major policy developments in Britain and Japan and discusses the implications for the main findings in this book. The change of government in Britain in May 1997, when the Labour Party won the general election with a landslide after eighteen years of Conservative government, also provides an interesting test of whether and to what degree British policy characteristics are the consequences of deep-seated state orientations underpinning its institutions or specific party ideologies. Climate policy and politics in Japan are also considered, along with the country's green automobile taxation, energy-related taxation and spending, renewable energy portfolio standards, climate change levy package in Britain, and emissions trading in Britain and the European Union.Less
The adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in December 1997 brought global warming politics to the next stage. With legally binding reduction targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions allocated to developed countries and, as many of them had failed to control their carbon dioxide emissions, efforts at reducing GHG emissions were strengthened in many developed liberal democracies. This epilogue examines major policy developments in Britain and Japan and discusses the implications for the main findings in this book. The change of government in Britain in May 1997, when the Labour Party won the general election with a landslide after eighteen years of Conservative government, also provides an interesting test of whether and to what degree British policy characteristics are the consequences of deep-seated state orientations underpinning its institutions or specific party ideologies. Climate policy and politics in Japan are also considered, along with the country's green automobile taxation, energy-related taxation and spending, renewable energy portfolio standards, climate change levy package in Britain, and emissions trading in Britain and the European Union.
Shizuka Oshitani
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719069383
- eISBN:
- 9781781701546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719069383.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Since 1988, Japan and Britain have responded to the common threat of global warming. Both countries voluntarily established a policy to tackle the problem before the adoption of the United Nations ...
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Since 1988, Japan and Britain have responded to the common threat of global warming. Both countries voluntarily established a policy to tackle the problem before the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Once it was established, they developed and implemented policies and measures to meet its requirements as well as the goals they set for themselves. The picture that emerges from the present detailed examination of climate policy in Japan and Britain is a mixture of policy similarities and differences. This chapter compares, contrasts, and analyses Japanese and British global warming policy, focusing on the speed of policy change, policy contents including instruments employed, the degree of policy integration, and policy stringency. It then considers two questions: What is the effect of corporatist institutions on a country's ability to tackle challenges to sustainable development? What are the interactions between the institutional and issue-based approaches? The chapter also discusses Britain's measures for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the politics of carbon tax, consensus corporatism and majoritarian pluralism, and the institutional approach vs. the issue-based approach.Less
Since 1988, Japan and Britain have responded to the common threat of global warming. Both countries voluntarily established a policy to tackle the problem before the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Once it was established, they developed and implemented policies and measures to meet its requirements as well as the goals they set for themselves. The picture that emerges from the present detailed examination of climate policy in Japan and Britain is a mixture of policy similarities and differences. This chapter compares, contrasts, and analyses Japanese and British global warming policy, focusing on the speed of policy change, policy contents including instruments employed, the degree of policy integration, and policy stringency. It then considers two questions: What is the effect of corporatist institutions on a country's ability to tackle challenges to sustainable development? What are the interactions between the institutional and issue-based approaches? The chapter also discusses Britain's measures for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the politics of carbon tax, consensus corporatism and majoritarian pluralism, and the institutional approach vs. the issue-based approach.
Kathryn Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190870829
- eISBN:
- 9780190909529
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190870829.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Comparative Politics
Although Canada and the United States (U.S.) have a special responsibility to act on climate change given per capita greenhouse gas emissions among the highest in the world, both have repeatedly ...
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Although Canada and the United States (U.S.) have a special responsibility to act on climate change given per capita greenhouse gas emissions among the highest in the world, both have repeatedly failed to meet their domestic emissions targets. Their failure ultimately reflects the formidable political challenge of transforming economies heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which prompts opposition from both emissions-intensive industries and voters resistant to higher energy prices. Efforts to mitigate climate change have been undertaken in fits and starts, with leadership flipping between the U.S. and Canada as center-left leaders have exercised institutional points of leverage available to them. However, Democratic presidents’ efforts have been stymied by Republican successors, while Canadian governments’ efforts have been undermined by concerns about competitiveness with the U.S. That challenge looms large once again as Canada has pledged to meet its target under the Paris Agreement despite Donald Trump’s reversal of the U.S. commitment.Less
Although Canada and the United States (U.S.) have a special responsibility to act on climate change given per capita greenhouse gas emissions among the highest in the world, both have repeatedly failed to meet their domestic emissions targets. Their failure ultimately reflects the formidable political challenge of transforming economies heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which prompts opposition from both emissions-intensive industries and voters resistant to higher energy prices. Efforts to mitigate climate change have been undertaken in fits and starts, with leadership flipping between the U.S. and Canada as center-left leaders have exercised institutional points of leverage available to them. However, Democratic presidents’ efforts have been stymied by Republican successors, while Canadian governments’ efforts have been undermined by concerns about competitiveness with the U.S. That challenge looms large once again as Canada has pledged to meet its target under the Paris Agreement despite Donald Trump’s reversal of the U.S. commitment.
Barry G. Rabe
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262012997
- eISBN:
- 9780262259170
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012997.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter investigates the trends in state climate policy formation and implementation in the United States. The policies include the following developments: greenhouse gas mitigation policy ...
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This chapter investigates the trends in state climate policy formation and implementation in the United States. The policies include the following developments: greenhouse gas mitigation policy measures; the diffusion of particular tools, such as renewable energy mandates; and multistate collaboration, which brings a regional angle to these state efforts in climate change policy. The chapter also explores the alternative methods for state climate policy development, which include direct democracy through ballot propositions and litigation through elected attorneys general. It concludes by comparing the ever-changing U.S. system with other multilevel governance systems such as the Canadian system, along with a discussion of the possible obstacles that may occur from the bottom-up strategy to policy development as the federal government becomes more engaged.Less
This chapter investigates the trends in state climate policy formation and implementation in the United States. The policies include the following developments: greenhouse gas mitigation policy measures; the diffusion of particular tools, such as renewable energy mandates; and multistate collaboration, which brings a regional angle to these state efforts in climate change policy. The chapter also explores the alternative methods for state climate policy development, which include direct democracy through ballot propositions and litigation through elected attorneys general. It concludes by comparing the ever-changing U.S. system with other multilevel governance systems such as the Canadian system, along with a discussion of the possible obstacles that may occur from the bottom-up strategy to policy development as the federal government becomes more engaged.
Alastair R. Lucas and Veronica Potes
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199299874
- eISBN:
- 9780191714931
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299874.003.0016
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
In the late 1990s, voluntary initiatives and particularly the Voluntary Challenge and Registry Program (VCR), were thought to be preferred instruments for implementing Canada's commitments under the ...
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In the late 1990s, voluntary initiatives and particularly the Voluntary Challenge and Registry Program (VCR), were thought to be preferred instruments for implementing Canada's commitments under the Framework Convention on Climate Change and later under the Kyoto Protocol. However, in January 2005, the Toronto Globe and Mail reported in a headline story on a leaked Government of Canada document entitled ‘Climate Change: Lessons Learned and Future Directions’. The draft document was quoted as stating that the ‘voluntary approach and limited incentives [are] not sufficient to drive substantial change’. Policy-makers would, ‘need more consideration of regulation and taxation to drive behavioural change and technology development and uptake’. This chapter documents and assesses this shift from voluntary to regulatory through a case study of the VCR. It relies on a review the development of Canadian Climate Change policy and on key informants from the energy sector, from government, and from the environmental non-governmental organization (NGO) community.Less
In the late 1990s, voluntary initiatives and particularly the Voluntary Challenge and Registry Program (VCR), were thought to be preferred instruments for implementing Canada's commitments under the Framework Convention on Climate Change and later under the Kyoto Protocol. However, in January 2005, the Toronto Globe and Mail reported in a headline story on a leaked Government of Canada document entitled ‘Climate Change: Lessons Learned and Future Directions’. The draft document was quoted as stating that the ‘voluntary approach and limited incentives [are] not sufficient to drive substantial change’. Policy-makers would, ‘need more consideration of regulation and taxation to drive behavioural change and technology development and uptake’. This chapter documents and assesses this shift from voluntary to regulatory through a case study of the VCR. It relies on a review the development of Canadian Climate Change policy and on key informants from the energy sector, from government, and from the environmental non-governmental organization (NGO) community.
Janelle Knox-Hayes
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198718451
- eISBN:
- 9780191787737
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718451.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy, Public Management
Chapter 4 examines early adaptations of the markets in Europe and the United States. In the case of the United States, analysis focuses on the federal level and on California as a large state that ...
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Chapter 4 examines early adaptations of the markets in Europe and the United States. In the case of the United States, analysis focuses on the federal level and on California as a large state that has taken substantial action on climate change. Both the US and the EU are large multi-jurisdictional polities that have leveraged markets to try to build common frameworks for governance. They are also advanced economies that allow markets to operate relatively unfettered from government intervention. Nevertheless, markets are built through different sources of authority and leverage different social values. In the United States logics of security are used to try to centralize authority, while structural differences in the EU lead to an emphasis on discourses of leadership and economic opportunity.Less
Chapter 4 examines early adaptations of the markets in Europe and the United States. In the case of the United States, analysis focuses on the federal level and on California as a large state that has taken substantial action on climate change. Both the US and the EU are large multi-jurisdictional polities that have leveraged markets to try to build common frameworks for governance. They are also advanced economies that allow markets to operate relatively unfettered from government intervention. Nevertheless, markets are built through different sources of authority and leverage different social values. In the United States logics of security are used to try to centralize authority, while structural differences in the EU lead to an emphasis on discourses of leadership and economic opportunity.
Martin Kowarsch and Ottmar Edenhofer
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198744047
- eISBN:
- 9780191804038
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198744047.003.0015
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, Environmental Politics
How can philosophical ethics inform conflict-riddled climate policy debates? From the perspective of Deweyan pragmatism, climate ethics should go beyond discussing abstract ethical principles ...
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How can philosophical ethics inform conflict-riddled climate policy debates? From the perspective of Deweyan pragmatism, climate ethics should go beyond discussing abstract ethical principles isolated from decision-making, given the complexity of climate policy pathways. Rather, philosophers should help identify and evaluate the practical implications of different means to achieve alternative policy objectives. Such a contribution to climate policy may be more useful: it could, for example, reveal new adverse side effects or overlaps between pathways, or could even entail value changes, that is, causing hitherto fundamental ethical beliefs to be revalued in light of practical implications. This pragmatist approach to ‘non-ideal’ applied ethics requires highly interdisciplinary, integrated assessments of policy pathways and an iterative learning process. This chapter evaluates and uses examples from the recent assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with a focus on its ethics chapter, to illustrate the benefits and challenges of such integrated ethics.Less
How can philosophical ethics inform conflict-riddled climate policy debates? From the perspective of Deweyan pragmatism, climate ethics should go beyond discussing abstract ethical principles isolated from decision-making, given the complexity of climate policy pathways. Rather, philosophers should help identify and evaluate the practical implications of different means to achieve alternative policy objectives. Such a contribution to climate policy may be more useful: it could, for example, reveal new adverse side effects or overlaps between pathways, or could even entail value changes, that is, causing hitherto fundamental ethical beliefs to be revalued in light of practical implications. This pragmatist approach to ‘non-ideal’ applied ethics requires highly interdisciplinary, integrated assessments of policy pathways and an iterative learning process. This chapter evaluates and uses examples from the recent assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with a focus on its ethics chapter, to illustrate the benefits and challenges of such integrated ethics.
Shizuka Oshitani
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719069383
- eISBN:
- 9781781701546
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719069383.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This book attempts a systematic comparison of Japanese and British climate policy and politics. Focusing on institutional contrasts between Japan and Britain in terms of corporatist or pluralist ...
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This book attempts a systematic comparison of Japanese and British climate policy and politics. Focusing on institutional contrasts between Japan and Britain in terms of corporatist or pluralist characteristics of government-industry relations and decision-making and implementation styles, it examines how and to what extent institutions explain climate policy in the two countries. In doing this, the book explores how climate policy is shaped by the interplay of nationally specific institutional factors and universal constraints on actors, which emanate from characteristics of the global warming problem itself. It also considers how corporatist institutional characteristics may make a difference in attaining sustainable development. Overall, the book provides a set of comparisons of climate policy and new frameworks of analysis, which could be built on in future research on cross-national climate policy analysis.Less
This book attempts a systematic comparison of Japanese and British climate policy and politics. Focusing on institutional contrasts between Japan and Britain in terms of corporatist or pluralist characteristics of government-industry relations and decision-making and implementation styles, it examines how and to what extent institutions explain climate policy in the two countries. In doing this, the book explores how climate policy is shaped by the interplay of nationally specific institutional factors and universal constraints on actors, which emanate from characteristics of the global warming problem itself. It also considers how corporatist institutional characteristics may make a difference in attaining sustainable development. Overall, the book provides a set of comparisons of climate policy and new frameworks of analysis, which could be built on in future research on cross-national climate policy analysis.
Kathryn Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014267
- eISBN:
- 9780262289481
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014267.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter focuses on the economic and institutional challenges to US climate policy. US resistance to action at both the international and domestic levels is explained by electoral disincentives, ...
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This chapter focuses on the economic and institutional challenges to US climate policy. US resistance to action at both the international and domestic levels is explained by electoral disincentives, reinforced by distinctive US political institutions. The chapter discusses the ways in which US political institutions have amplified electoral disincentives to action. Negotiation related to the Kyoto Protocol is also presented. The significant shifts in US climate policy with the election of Democratic president, Barack Obama, are discussed.Less
This chapter focuses on the economic and institutional challenges to US climate policy. US resistance to action at both the international and domestic levels is explained by electoral disincentives, reinforced by distinctive US political institutions. The chapter discusses the ways in which US political institutions have amplified electoral disincentives to action. Negotiation related to the Kyoto Protocol is also presented. The significant shifts in US climate policy with the election of Democratic president, Barack Obama, are discussed.
Stephen M. Gardiner
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195379440
- eISBN:
- 9780199897100
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379440.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter provides a detailed introduction to the metaphor of the perfect moral storm and its application to climate change. It sketches each of the main elements of the storm ‐ its global, ...
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This chapter provides a detailed introduction to the metaphor of the perfect moral storm and its application to climate change. It sketches each of the main elements of the storm ‐ its global, intergenerational and theoretical dimensions—and also the resulting problem of moral corruption. It also examines some exacerbating features of the climate case, such as scientific uncertainty, the skewed vulnerability of those least responsible, and the creation of new victims and tragic choices. These matters are taken up in more detail in later chapters.Less
This chapter provides a detailed introduction to the metaphor of the perfect moral storm and its application to climate change. It sketches each of the main elements of the storm ‐ its global, intergenerational and theoretical dimensions—and also the resulting problem of moral corruption. It also examines some exacerbating features of the climate case, such as scientific uncertainty, the skewed vulnerability of those least responsible, and the creation of new victims and tragic choices. These matters are taken up in more detail in later chapters.
