Gregory B. Graybill
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199589487
- eISBN:
- 9780191594588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199589487.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The Wittenberg Unrest of 1521–2 caused Melanchthon to emphasize civil freedom, although he still maintained the spiritual bondage of the will. This new emphasis occurred in tandem with the ...
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The Wittenberg Unrest of 1521–2 caused Melanchthon to emphasize civil freedom, although he still maintained the spiritual bondage of the will. This new emphasis occurred in tandem with the development of Luther's political theology of various dualities in reality. Meanwhile, Melanchthon strongly sided with Luther in his dispute with Erasmus over the freedom of the will.Less
The Wittenberg Unrest of 1521–2 caused Melanchthon to emphasize civil freedom, although he still maintained the spiritual bondage of the will. This new emphasis occurred in tandem with the development of Luther's political theology of various dualities in reality. Meanwhile, Melanchthon strongly sided with Luther in his dispute with Erasmus over the freedom of the will.
Michael Rapport
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208457
- eISBN:
- 9780191678011
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208457.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The period after the Terror of 1793–1794 has been described as a period in which conditions for foreigners in France improved. Cosmopolitanism flourished once more and the repressive measures against ...
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The period after the Terror of 1793–1794 has been described as a period in which conditions for foreigners in France improved. Cosmopolitanism flourished once more and the repressive measures against foreigners were steadily repealed. The assumption has been that the more draconian measures against foreigners were related to the system of the Terror. The Thermidorians, however, proved more willing to speak cosmopolitan language than to act on it. The Thermidorians and the Directory retained the same fears about foreign conspiracy and espionage as before. With real ‘conspiracies’ involving foreigners, such as the royalist landings at Quiberon and the Babouvist plot, the reflex of the post-Thermidor regimes was to re-enact measures of control, naturally reverting to the models of the Year II. The timid emergence of cosmopolitan rhetoric from its hibernation during the dark months of the Terror did not herald the return of the civil freedom that foreigners had enjoyed before the war. Instead, it shrouded expansionist and exploitative policies in attractive packaging.Less
The period after the Terror of 1793–1794 has been described as a period in which conditions for foreigners in France improved. Cosmopolitanism flourished once more and the repressive measures against foreigners were steadily repealed. The assumption has been that the more draconian measures against foreigners were related to the system of the Terror. The Thermidorians, however, proved more willing to speak cosmopolitan language than to act on it. The Thermidorians and the Directory retained the same fears about foreign conspiracy and espionage as before. With real ‘conspiracies’ involving foreigners, such as the royalist landings at Quiberon and the Babouvist plot, the reflex of the post-Thermidor regimes was to re-enact measures of control, naturally reverting to the models of the Year II. The timid emergence of cosmopolitan rhetoric from its hibernation during the dark months of the Terror did not herald the return of the civil freedom that foreigners had enjoyed before the war. Instead, it shrouded expansionist and exploitative policies in attractive packaging.
Carla J. Mulford
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- June 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199384198
- eISBN:
- 9780199384211
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199384198.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 18th Century and Early American Literature
Franklin’s intellectual roots lie in the early modern liberalism he derived from his readings as a youth in his family’s home and his brother James’s print shop in Boston. As this book shows, ...
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Franklin’s intellectual roots lie in the early modern liberalism he derived from his readings as a youth in his family’s home and his brother James’s print shop in Boston. As this book shows, Franklin was committed to ideals of religious, civil, and political freedom throughout his life. Franklin originally conceived that the British Empire represented these freedoms, but he slowly realized the conflict between imperial processes and individual liberty. Franklin concluded that governors should be concerned with the welfare of its people; when he realized that this was no longer the case with the British Empire, he began to turn away, in a process that evolved over a twenty-year span.Less
Franklin’s intellectual roots lie in the early modern liberalism he derived from his readings as a youth in his family’s home and his brother James’s print shop in Boston. As this book shows, Franklin was committed to ideals of religious, civil, and political freedom throughout his life. Franklin originally conceived that the British Empire represented these freedoms, but he slowly realized the conflict between imperial processes and individual liberty. Franklin concluded that governors should be concerned with the welfare of its people; when he realized that this was no longer the case with the British Empire, he began to turn away, in a process that evolved over a twenty-year span.
