Nigel Yates
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198270133
- eISBN:
- 9780191683916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198270133.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, History of Christianity
The Oxford Tractarians represented the link between the old-fashioned high churchmen of the 18th century and the later Victorian ritualists. The Cambridge Ecclesiologists undoubtedly brought a new ...
More
The Oxford Tractarians represented the link between the old-fashioned high churchmen of the 18th century and the later Victorian ritualists. The Cambridge Ecclesiologists undoubtedly brought a new perspective to Anglican Church architecture and liturgy, but it was one which took a considerable degree of time to implement, to such an extent that some churches were largely untouched by it. Nevertheless, when the changes did finally succeed in transforming the liturgical life of the Church of England in a very radical, though at the same time rather reactionary, manner, they themselves became the accepted Anglican norm for another century, to such an extent that recent attempts to modify them have been condemned as an attack on a historical legacy. This chapter puts the liturgical changes of the 19th century into perspective, reassesses the speed with which they were carried out, and challenges some of the assumptions that have been made.Less
The Oxford Tractarians represented the link between the old-fashioned high churchmen of the 18th century and the later Victorian ritualists. The Cambridge Ecclesiologists undoubtedly brought a new perspective to Anglican Church architecture and liturgy, but it was one which took a considerable degree of time to implement, to such an extent that some churches were largely untouched by it. Nevertheless, when the changes did finally succeed in transforming the liturgical life of the Church of England in a very radical, though at the same time rather reactionary, manner, they themselves became the accepted Anglican norm for another century, to such an extent that recent attempts to modify them have been condemned as an attack on a historical legacy. This chapter puts the liturgical changes of the 19th century into perspective, reassesses the speed with which they were carried out, and challenges some of the assumptions that have been made.
David Bebbington
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199267651
- eISBN:
- 9780191708220
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199267651.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Gladstone was brought up as an Evangelical, but soon diverged from his earlier position by adopting the doctrine of baptismal regeneration and accepting a high view of the visible church. Although he ...
More
Gladstone was brought up as an Evangelical, but soon diverged from his earlier position by adopting the doctrine of baptismal regeneration and accepting a high view of the visible church. Although he continued to value religious experience, during the 1830s he sided with Orthodox High Churchmen in abandoning claims about the possibility of firm assurance of salvation. He did not, however, follow Newman in seeing human merit as a ground of justification. In 1838 he published The State in its Relations with the Church in order to vindicate the principle of establishment, revealing in the revised edition of 1841 a remarkable affinity with contemporary German political philosophy. His Church Principles considered in their Results (1840) argued the claims of the Church of England on the basis of his communitarian social premises, but he acknowledged the authenticity of faith outside its bounds.Less
Gladstone was brought up as an Evangelical, but soon diverged from his earlier position by adopting the doctrine of baptismal regeneration and accepting a high view of the visible church. Although he continued to value religious experience, during the 1830s he sided with Orthodox High Churchmen in abandoning claims about the possibility of firm assurance of salvation. He did not, however, follow Newman in seeing human merit as a ground of justification. In 1838 he published The State in its Relations with the Church in order to vindicate the principle of establishment, revealing in the revised edition of 1841 a remarkable affinity with contemporary German political philosophy. His Church Principles considered in their Results (1840) argued the claims of the Church of England on the basis of his communitarian social premises, but he acknowledged the authenticity of faith outside its bounds.
BENJAMIN ARNOLD
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199272211
- eISBN:
- 9780191709999
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199272211.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
The churchmen and aristocrats who dominated the German scene in medieval times knew how to struggle among themselves for control of the available resources, and how to exploit them to the best ...
More
The churchmen and aristocrats who dominated the German scene in medieval times knew how to struggle among themselves for control of the available resources, and how to exploit them to the best advantage. At the same time, there existed a strongly pious tendency providing material support for innumerable monastic establishments. Various motives can be adduced: dynastic prestige and local pride; family connection with certain bishoprics and monastic orders; personal religious commitment and a perceived need for a family mausoleum; networks of kinship, friendship, and prayer confraternity; adverse crises or notable victories in need of commemoration; and so on. But the overriding conviction appears to have arisen from a firm belief in the overwhelming power of prayer. The almost uncontrollably violent tendency of the aristocracy was therefore tempered by a piety which then acted as an economic and social quantity to be reckoned with.Less
The churchmen and aristocrats who dominated the German scene in medieval times knew how to struggle among themselves for control of the available resources, and how to exploit them to the best advantage. At the same time, there existed a strongly pious tendency providing material support for innumerable monastic establishments. Various motives can be adduced: dynastic prestige and local pride; family connection with certain bishoprics and monastic orders; personal religious commitment and a perceived need for a family mausoleum; networks of kinship, friendship, and prayer confraternity; adverse crises or notable victories in need of commemoration; and so on. But the overriding conviction appears to have arisen from a firm belief in the overwhelming power of prayer. The almost uncontrollably violent tendency of the aristocracy was therefore tempered by a piety which then acted as an economic and social quantity to be reckoned with.
Alexander Murray
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263020
- eISBN:
- 9780191734199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263020.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
People with a logical turn of mind say that the history of the world can be summarised in a sentence. A précis of mediaval historian Richard William Southern's work made in that spirit would identify ...
More
People with a logical turn of mind say that the history of the world can be summarised in a sentence. A précis of mediaval historian Richard William Southern's work made in that spirit would identify two characteristics, one housed inside the other, and both quite apart from the question of its quality as a work of art. The first is his sympathy for a particular kind of medieval churchman, a kind who combined deep thought about faith with practical action. This characteristic fits inside another, touching Southern's historical vision as a whole. Its genesis is traceable to those few seconds in his teens when he ‘quarrelled’ with his father about the Renaissance. The intuition that moved him to do so became a historical fides quaerens intellectum. Reflection on Southern's life work leaves us with an example of the service an historian can perform for his contemporary world, as a truer self-perception seeps into the common consciousness by way of a lifetime of teaching and writing, spreading out through the world (all Southern's books were translated into one or more foreign language).Less
People with a logical turn of mind say that the history of the world can be summarised in a sentence. A précis of mediaval historian Richard William Southern's work made in that spirit would identify two characteristics, one housed inside the other, and both quite apart from the question of its quality as a work of art. The first is his sympathy for a particular kind of medieval churchman, a kind who combined deep thought about faith with practical action. This characteristic fits inside another, touching Southern's historical vision as a whole. Its genesis is traceable to those few seconds in his teens when he ‘quarrelled’ with his father about the Renaissance. The intuition that moved him to do so became a historical fides quaerens intellectum. Reflection on Southern's life work leaves us with an example of the service an historian can perform for his contemporary world, as a truer self-perception seeps into the common consciousness by way of a lifetime of teaching and writing, spreading out through the world (all Southern's books were translated into one or more foreign language).
Michelle Armstrong-Partida
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501707735
- eISBN:
- 9781501707827
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501707735.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Two hundred years after canon law prohibited clerical marriage, parish priests in the late medieval period continued to form unions with women that were marriage all but in name. This book uses ...
More
Two hundred years after canon law prohibited clerical marriage, parish priests in the late medieval period continued to form unions with women that were marriage all but in name. This book uses evidence from archives in four Catalan dioceses to show that maintaining a family with a domestic partner was not only a custom entrenched in Catalan clerical culture but also an essential component of priestly masculine identity, one that extended to the carrying of weapons and use of violence to resolve disputes and seek revenge, to intimidate other men, and to maintain their status and authority in the community. From unpublished episcopal visitation records and internal diocesan documents, the book reconstructs the personal lives and careers of Catalan parish priests to better understand the professional identity and masculinity of churchmen who made up the proletariat of the largest institution across Europe. These untapped sources reveal the extent to which parish clergy were embedded in their communities, particularly their kinship ties to villagers and their often contentious interactions with male parishioners and clerical colleagues. The book highlights a clerical culture that embraced violence and illuminates how the parish church could become a battleground in which rivalries among clerics took place and young clerics learned from senior clergymen to meld the lay masculine ideals that were a part of their everyday culture with the privilege and authority of their profession.Less
Two hundred years after canon law prohibited clerical marriage, parish priests in the late medieval period continued to form unions with women that were marriage all but in name. This book uses evidence from archives in four Catalan dioceses to show that maintaining a family with a domestic partner was not only a custom entrenched in Catalan clerical culture but also an essential component of priestly masculine identity, one that extended to the carrying of weapons and use of violence to resolve disputes and seek revenge, to intimidate other men, and to maintain their status and authority in the community. From unpublished episcopal visitation records and internal diocesan documents, the book reconstructs the personal lives and careers of Catalan parish priests to better understand the professional identity and masculinity of churchmen who made up the proletariat of the largest institution across Europe. These untapped sources reveal the extent to which parish clergy were embedded in their communities, particularly their kinship ties to villagers and their often contentious interactions with male parishioners and clerical colleagues. The book highlights a clerical culture that embraced violence and illuminates how the parish church could become a battleground in which rivalries among clerics took place and young clerics learned from senior clergymen to meld the lay masculine ideals that were a part of their everyday culture with the privilege and authority of their profession.
Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195098358
- eISBN:
- 9780199854134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195098358.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter discusses the life of Robert Matthews, who was born in 1788 to a Scots immigrant family in the farming village of Cambridge, Washington County, New York. It notes that the few ...
More
This chapter discusses the life of Robert Matthews, who was born in 1788 to a Scots immigrant family in the farming village of Cambridge, Washington County, New York. It notes that the few associations they sustained with others came mainly with their fellow immigrants in the surrounding New York and Vermont country towns who clung to their uncompromising Scots Calvinism, nursing ancient ecclesiastical grudges unknown to the rest of the world. The chapter reports that in 1835, an enterprising Manhattan journalist disclosed that Robert Matthews had his own conversations with supernatural spirits and impressed his friends with feats of clairvoyance. It notes, however, that the source is highly suspect and that no such report appears in the Coila church records. It is just possible that the visions did appear and that the worried Coila churchmen suppressed the fact.Less
This chapter discusses the life of Robert Matthews, who was born in 1788 to a Scots immigrant family in the farming village of Cambridge, Washington County, New York. It notes that the few associations they sustained with others came mainly with their fellow immigrants in the surrounding New York and Vermont country towns who clung to their uncompromising Scots Calvinism, nursing ancient ecclesiastical grudges unknown to the rest of the world. The chapter reports that in 1835, an enterprising Manhattan journalist disclosed that Robert Matthews had his own conversations with supernatural spirits and impressed his friends with feats of clairvoyance. It notes, however, that the source is highly suspect and that no such report appears in the Coila church records. It is just possible that the visions did appear and that the worried Coila churchmen suppressed the fact.
Nigel Aston (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205968
- eISBN:
- 9780191676871
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205968.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, History of Religion
The focus of this book is the nature of religious change over more than two centuries, here examined in tribute to John McManners on his eightieth birthday. Ranging across Europe (with a particular ...
More
The focus of this book is the nature of religious change over more than two centuries, here examined in tribute to John McManners on his eightieth birthday. Ranging across Europe (with a particular emphasis on France and Britain), chapters survey individual responses to crises in the religious life of the state, discuss contacts between communions, note changing patterns of worship and devotions, and explore the ways in which religion (and the lessons of the past) can offer help or consolation in the conduct of life. Some contributors deal with the close, often tense, links between religion, churchmen, and the formation and evolving character of the state; others consider the survival and adaptability of minority groups such as 18th-century monks, or British Jews, in response to external considerations. In all of the chapters, the interaction of private and public life is a strong feature, a reflection of its own importance in Professor McManners' own writings.Less
The focus of this book is the nature of religious change over more than two centuries, here examined in tribute to John McManners on his eightieth birthday. Ranging across Europe (with a particular emphasis on France and Britain), chapters survey individual responses to crises in the religious life of the state, discuss contacts between communions, note changing patterns of worship and devotions, and explore the ways in which religion (and the lessons of the past) can offer help or consolation in the conduct of life. Some contributors deal with the close, often tense, links between religion, churchmen, and the formation and evolving character of the state; others consider the survival and adaptability of minority groups such as 18th-century monks, or British Jews, in response to external considerations. In all of the chapters, the interaction of private and public life is a strong feature, a reflection of its own importance in Professor McManners' own writings.
F. C. MATHER
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202271
- eISBN:
- 9780191675263
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202271.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
Samuel Horseley was born on 15 September 1733. Like the place of his birth, his career presented arresting contrasts. Though he would emerge at the close of the century as the leading High Churchman ...
More
Samuel Horseley was born on 15 September 1733. Like the place of his birth, his career presented arresting contrasts. Though he would emerge at the close of the century as the leading High Churchman on the bench, professing a theology that was unfashionable in the England of his age, his background was by no means detached from the central experiences of the national life. His father, the Revd John Horsley, who was lecturer in the parish of St. Martin, had been educated for the Nonconformist ministry at Edinburgh University, whence he graduated on 14 February 1723. His mother Anne, died before her son was 3 years of age.Less
Samuel Horseley was born on 15 September 1733. Like the place of his birth, his career presented arresting contrasts. Though he would emerge at the close of the century as the leading High Churchman on the bench, professing a theology that was unfashionable in the England of his age, his background was by no means detached from the central experiences of the national life. His father, the Revd John Horsley, who was lecturer in the parish of St. Martin, had been educated for the Nonconformist ministry at Edinburgh University, whence he graduated on 14 February 1723. His mother Anne, died before her son was 3 years of age.
F. C. MATHER
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202271
- eISBN:
- 9780191675263
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202271.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
Exploration of Bishop Horsley's part in the renovation of the Church at the national level establishes his claim to be regarded as a reformer, but one of a moderate and uneven kind. Like earlier High ...
More
Exploration of Bishop Horsley's part in the renovation of the Church at the national level establishes his claim to be regarded as a reformer, but one of a moderate and uneven kind. Like earlier High Churchmen in the Laudian mould, he was chiefly interested in reforms that buttressed the temporal pillars of the Church and rescued the clergy from the condescension of laymen. He was less sensitive to the grievances of the laity against the clergy, and stood in with the archbishop of Canterbury and most other bishops against the Younger Pitt's schemes for commutation of tithes. Horsley was never complacent about the state of the Church of England. When the French Revolution and the English Republicans arose to challenge the values for which it stood, he developed a concern to refurbish its image in the sight of respectable Englishmen. The remedies that he favoured were piecemeal. He had no vision of an overall reform to be achieved by redistributing revenues, but thought that Parliament should strengthen every bishop to insist on the proper performance of duty in his diocese.Less
Exploration of Bishop Horsley's part in the renovation of the Church at the national level establishes his claim to be regarded as a reformer, but one of a moderate and uneven kind. Like earlier High Churchmen in the Laudian mould, he was chiefly interested in reforms that buttressed the temporal pillars of the Church and rescued the clergy from the condescension of laymen. He was less sensitive to the grievances of the laity against the clergy, and stood in with the archbishop of Canterbury and most other bishops against the Younger Pitt's schemes for commutation of tithes. Horsley was never complacent about the state of the Church of England. When the French Revolution and the English Republicans arose to challenge the values for which it stood, he developed a concern to refurbish its image in the sight of respectable Englishmen. The remedies that he favoured were piecemeal. He had no vision of an overall reform to be achieved by redistributing revenues, but thought that Parliament should strengthen every bishop to insist on the proper performance of duty in his diocese.
Jonathan Phillips
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205401
- eISBN:
- 9780191676611
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205401.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
After Amalric's death, relations between the Latin East and the West remained characterized by the use of members of the Military Orders and senior churchmen as envoys. Pressure continued to be ...
More
After Amalric's death, relations between the Latin East and the West remained characterized by the use of members of the Military Orders and senior churchmen as envoys. Pressure continued to be exerted on the kings of England and France to travel to the Holy Land and, in furtherance of this hope, the papacy issued several calls for a new crusade. The first known contact with the West during the reign of Baldwin IV was instigated by Miles of Plancy, regent for the thirteen-year-old leper-king. It was rumoured that Miles had sent messengers to France, probably his native Champagne, requesting help to enable him to take control of the kingdom for himself. Notwithstanding the cooling in the relationship between the Franks of Jerusalem and Byzantium, it remained the case that Manuel Comnenus's diplomatic and military decisions could still affect the settlers' position and might also impact upon their dealings with the West.Less
After Amalric's death, relations between the Latin East and the West remained characterized by the use of members of the Military Orders and senior churchmen as envoys. Pressure continued to be exerted on the kings of England and France to travel to the Holy Land and, in furtherance of this hope, the papacy issued several calls for a new crusade. The first known contact with the West during the reign of Baldwin IV was instigated by Miles of Plancy, regent for the thirteen-year-old leper-king. It was rumoured that Miles had sent messengers to France, probably his native Champagne, requesting help to enable him to take control of the kingdom for himself. Notwithstanding the cooling in the relationship between the Franks of Jerusalem and Byzantium, it remained the case that Manuel Comnenus's diplomatic and military decisions could still affect the settlers' position and might also impact upon their dealings with the West.
John Wolffe
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201991
- eISBN:
- 9780191675119
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201991.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter examines the decline of the anti-Catholic movement in Great Britain during the mid-1850s. It analyses the structure of the Protestant movement and its political campaigns from 1855 ...
More
This chapter examines the decline of the anti-Catholic movement in Great Britain during the mid-1850s. It analyses the structure of the Protestant movement and its political campaigns from 1855 onwards. It suggests that the central problem of the Protestant movement was its own continuing lack of unity. It highlights the failure of a renewed attempt to establish that the Reformation Society's committee should consist of equal members of Dissenters and Churchmen.Less
This chapter examines the decline of the anti-Catholic movement in Great Britain during the mid-1850s. It analyses the structure of the Protestant movement and its political campaigns from 1855 onwards. It suggests that the central problem of the Protestant movement was its own continuing lack of unity. It highlights the failure of a renewed attempt to establish that the Reformation Society's committee should consist of equal members of Dissenters and Churchmen.
Arthur Burns
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198207849
- eISBN:
- 9780191677823
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207849.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter focuses on ruridecanal chapter and the revival of the rural dean with the help of Orthodox High Churchmen. Forty years after Kaye and Goddard ...
More
This chapter focuses on ruridecanal chapter and the revival of the rural dean with the help of Orthodox High Churchmen. Forty years after Kaye and Goddard summoned the rural deans of Lincoln into existence, the office of rural dean had established itself in the eyes of bishops and archdeacons as an important part of diocesan machinery. The activity of ruridecanal increased the demands of episcopal office, but bishops acknowledged its significance. The revival of the rural dean is central to the evaluation of the Diocesan Revival.Less
This chapter focuses on ruridecanal chapter and the revival of the rural dean with the help of Orthodox High Churchmen. Forty years after Kaye and Goddard summoned the rural deans of Lincoln into existence, the office of rural dean had established itself in the eyes of bishops and archdeacons as an important part of diocesan machinery. The activity of ruridecanal increased the demands of episcopal office, but bishops acknowledged its significance. The revival of the rural dean is central to the evaluation of the Diocesan Revival.
Fiona Edmonds
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264508
- eISBN:
- 9780191734120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264508.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter examines the relation between Northumbrian and Irish churches during the period between 635 and 735. It suggests that the journeys of churchmen between Ireland and Northumbria were in ...
More
This chapter examines the relation between Northumbrian and Irish churches during the period between 635 and 735. It suggests that the journeys of churchmen between Ireland and Northumbria were in some ways inextricably linked with those of their lay counterparts and that the development of major ecclesiastical establishments during the seventh and early eighth centuries added a new dimension to trans-Irish Sea contact. The chapter also explains why the trans-Irish Sea contact did not cease in 664 when formal links between Lindisfarne on the one hand, and Iona and the Columban churches in Ireland, on the other, were terminated.Less
This chapter examines the relation between Northumbrian and Irish churches during the period between 635 and 735. It suggests that the journeys of churchmen between Ireland and Northumbria were in some ways inextricably linked with those of their lay counterparts and that the development of major ecclesiastical establishments during the seventh and early eighth centuries added a new dimension to trans-Irish Sea contact. The chapter also explains why the trans-Irish Sea contact did not cease in 664 when formal links between Lindisfarne on the one hand, and Iona and the Columban churches in Ireland, on the other, were terminated.
Glanmor Williams
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192852786
- eISBN:
- 9780191670565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192852786.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses the system of governance and the pattern of politics in Wales during the Restoration. A powerful majority of Welsh royalists and churchmen were returned to Parliament in 1661, ...
More
This chapter discusses the system of governance and the pattern of politics in Wales during the Restoration. A powerful majority of Welsh royalists and churchmen were returned to Parliament in 1661, and joined by those who had served in Cromwellian times in order to preserve some kind of constituted authority and public order. The fate of Charles I had been the cause of much bad blood during the restoration. Charles II ensured that all those who assisted in the murder of the late king were delivered over to public justice. Politics and practice were the preserve of rich men and although there were little enthusiasm for politics among Welsh after 1689, talented men continued to reach positions of political eminence during the reigns of William and Anne. The constitution and the system of parliamentary representation enabled the leading families to rule almost as feudal barons over the rest of society.Less
This chapter discusses the system of governance and the pattern of politics in Wales during the Restoration. A powerful majority of Welsh royalists and churchmen were returned to Parliament in 1661, and joined by those who had served in Cromwellian times in order to preserve some kind of constituted authority and public order. The fate of Charles I had been the cause of much bad blood during the restoration. Charles II ensured that all those who assisted in the murder of the late king were delivered over to public justice. Politics and practice were the preserve of rich men and although there were little enthusiasm for politics among Welsh after 1689, talented men continued to reach positions of political eminence during the reigns of William and Anne. The constitution and the system of parliamentary representation enabled the leading families to rule almost as feudal barons over the rest of society.
Peter Linehan
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198219453
- eISBN:
- 9780191678349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198219453.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
Although King Reccared owed much of the success he had in Catholicizing Spain to his brother Hermenegild's failure to do so earlier, it was to his father, the most remarkable of the Arian kings of ...
More
Although King Reccared owed much of the success he had in Catholicizing Spain to his brother Hermenegild's failure to do so earlier, it was to his father, the most remarkable of the Arian kings of Spain, in Thompson's estimation, that he was more indebted. The dynamics of the 7th century, and of every century down to the 14th, involved not the Church but churchmen, not the monarchy and nobility but monarchs and nobles, and, their task, was that of reconciling the elevated style of kingship recently adopted to a political system which had long been based on a fragile network of personal relationships. Spanish historians of the last half-century have been describing the 7th century in the language of 20th-century politics and in attempting to explain it they have regularly approached the task with the example of the contemporary Church in mind.Less
Although King Reccared owed much of the success he had in Catholicizing Spain to his brother Hermenegild's failure to do so earlier, it was to his father, the most remarkable of the Arian kings of Spain, in Thompson's estimation, that he was more indebted. The dynamics of the 7th century, and of every century down to the 14th, involved not the Church but churchmen, not the monarchy and nobility but monarchs and nobles, and, their task, was that of reconciling the elevated style of kingship recently adopted to a political system which had long been based on a fragile network of personal relationships. Spanish historians of the last half-century have been describing the 7th century in the language of 20th-century politics and in attempting to explain it they have regularly approached the task with the example of the contemporary Church in mind.
Geoffrey Cantor
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199596676
- eISBN:
- 9780191725685
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199596676.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Religion and Society
While many religious writers praised Paxton's innovative design, often likening it to a temple or the modern equivalent of a medieval cathedral, High Churchmen and Roman Catholics abhorred the ...
More
While many religious writers praised Paxton's innovative design, often likening it to a temple or the modern equivalent of a medieval cathedral, High Churchmen and Roman Catholics abhorred the design, comparing it most unfavourably to the neo‐Gothic style then in vogue for ecclesiastical and public buildings. Certain exhibits also proved controversial, none more so than Pugin's contributions to the Medieval Court, which were often seen as importing Catholic devices into the very heart of the Exhibition. This chapter centres on the religious controversies surrounding the Crystal Palace and its contents in order to show that it was a highly contested space and that protagonists across the religious spectrum endowed it with different spiritual meanings.Less
While many religious writers praised Paxton's innovative design, often likening it to a temple or the modern equivalent of a medieval cathedral, High Churchmen and Roman Catholics abhorred the design, comparing it most unfavourably to the neo‐Gothic style then in vogue for ecclesiastical and public buildings. Certain exhibits also proved controversial, none more so than Pugin's contributions to the Medieval Court, which were often seen as importing Catholic devices into the very heart of the Exhibition. This chapter centres on the religious controversies surrounding the Crystal Palace and its contents in order to show that it was a highly contested space and that protagonists across the religious spectrum endowed it with different spiritual meanings.
Peter Hinchliff
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198263333
- eISBN:
- 9780191682483
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263333.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, History of Christianity
Most accounts of 19th-century critical scholarship in Britain give the ‘Cambridge Triumvirate’ (Lightfoot, Westcott, and Hort) pride of place in this respect. It was always stressed that they ...
More
Most accounts of 19th-century critical scholarship in Britain give the ‘Cambridge Triumvirate’ (Lightfoot, Westcott, and Hort) pride of place in this respect. It was always stressed that they possessed precisely the kind of good, sensible, faithful learning which took what was best from the critical approach but avoided the exaggerations of the more radical. However, Lightfoot and Westcott were also involved in the life of the Church in a way that Hort never was. This chapter argues that, instead of Hort, the more natural ‘third’ to associate with them is Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1883 to 1896. It shows that the new kind of orthodox High Churchmen —such as Benson, Lightfoot, and Westcott —were reviving an older form of the appeal to the past history of the Church to determine truth. It was a much more sophisticated, critical, scientific, and scholarly approach to the study of history itself than the older version.Less
Most accounts of 19th-century critical scholarship in Britain give the ‘Cambridge Triumvirate’ (Lightfoot, Westcott, and Hort) pride of place in this respect. It was always stressed that they possessed precisely the kind of good, sensible, faithful learning which took what was best from the critical approach but avoided the exaggerations of the more radical. However, Lightfoot and Westcott were also involved in the life of the Church in a way that Hort never was. This chapter argues that, instead of Hort, the more natural ‘third’ to associate with them is Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1883 to 1896. It shows that the new kind of orthodox High Churchmen —such as Benson, Lightfoot, and Westcott —were reviving an older form of the appeal to the past history of the Church to determine truth. It was a much more sophisticated, critical, scientific, and scholarly approach to the study of history itself than the older version.
Graham Neville
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269779
- eISBN:
- 9780191683794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269779.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter concentrates on the story of a particular churchman who was deeply influenced by Ruskin. It offers a fresh slant on a process which has been described from other angles, the stirring of ...
More
This chapter concentrates on the story of a particular churchman who was deeply influenced by Ruskin. It offers a fresh slant on a process which has been described from other angles, the stirring of consciences in the fifty years from 1870 onwards which changed the face of liberalism in Britain. Edward Lee Hicks was born in 1843 in Ship Street, Oxford, and this chapter notes that his story is one of a scholar who abjured scholarship for the sake of something he saw as a more vital Christian concern, and of a churchman who believed that the institutional church was less important than the total community within which it fulfilled its ministry. The chapter further notes that Edward Hicks moved from the left wing of the Liberal Party to support Labour, and was in many ways the most radical of the bishops on the bench when he died in 1919.Less
This chapter concentrates on the story of a particular churchman who was deeply influenced by Ruskin. It offers a fresh slant on a process which has been described from other angles, the stirring of consciences in the fifty years from 1870 onwards which changed the face of liberalism in Britain. Edward Lee Hicks was born in 1843 in Ship Street, Oxford, and this chapter notes that his story is one of a scholar who abjured scholarship for the sake of something he saw as a more vital Christian concern, and of a churchman who believed that the institutional church was less important than the total community within which it fulfilled its ministry. The chapter further notes that Edward Hicks moved from the left wing of the Liberal Party to support Labour, and was in many ways the most radical of the bishops on the bench when he died in 1919.
Graham Neville
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269779
- eISBN:
- 9780191683794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269779.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines the presence of powerful and antagonistic groupings in parliament and the exercise of church patronage alternately by differing interests which had the effect of dividing ...
More
This chapter examines the presence of powerful and antagonistic groupings in parliament and the exercise of church patronage alternately by differing interests which had the effect of dividing prominent churchmen along party lines. It notes that all were, to that extent, political. It observes that this was true at every level, from the House of Lords, through Crown appointments, down to the parishes, through private patronage of beneficed livings. It further notes the balance between parties at the parish level was uneven. It observes that the preponderance of the landed interest ensured the dominance of Tory convictions among the parochial clergy. It points out that the notion of a ‘political churchman’ could hardly be said to have existed at the Reformation, because leading ecclesiastics were simply integrated into the process of government.Less
This chapter examines the presence of powerful and antagonistic groupings in parliament and the exercise of church patronage alternately by differing interests which had the effect of dividing prominent churchmen along party lines. It notes that all were, to that extent, political. It observes that this was true at every level, from the House of Lords, through Crown appointments, down to the parishes, through private patronage of beneficed livings. It further notes the balance between parties at the parish level was uneven. It observes that the preponderance of the landed interest ensured the dominance of Tory convictions among the parochial clergy. It points out that the notion of a ‘political churchman’ could hardly be said to have existed at the Reformation, because leading ecclesiastics were simply integrated into the process of government.
Graham Neville
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269779
- eISBN:
- 9780191683794
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269779.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter points out that to describe in detail a particular liberal churchman is also to establish a point of reference from which other liberal churchmen may be more clearly understood. It ...
More
This chapter points out that to describe in detail a particular liberal churchman is also to establish a point of reference from which other liberal churchmen may be more clearly understood. It defines liberalism as a word with a great variety of possible meanings, and it is not surprising that those churchmen who claimed the title of liberal for themselves frequently failed to see how the title could be applied to others from whom they differed. It describes that the life of Edward Lee Hicks touched the lives of a distinguished company of men, and a small number of women, who upheld liberal traditions in the Church of England, as well as some who might be called fellow-travellers outside its limits.Less
This chapter points out that to describe in detail a particular liberal churchman is also to establish a point of reference from which other liberal churchmen may be more clearly understood. It defines liberalism as a word with a great variety of possible meanings, and it is not surprising that those churchmen who claimed the title of liberal for themselves frequently failed to see how the title could be applied to others from whom they differed. It describes that the life of Edward Lee Hicks touched the lives of a distinguished company of men, and a small number of women, who upheld liberal traditions in the Church of England, as well as some who might be called fellow-travellers outside its limits.
