Jerome Murphy-O'Connor
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199266531
- eISBN:
- 9780191601583
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199266530.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
The purpose of this book is to reveal the personality of Paul of Tarsus. Too long considered merely as a fountain of theological ideas, the Apostle of the Gentiles is brought to life by a strong ...
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The purpose of this book is to reveal the personality of Paul of Tarsus. Too long considered merely as a fountain of theological ideas, the Apostle of the Gentiles is brought to life by a strong narrative line, which reconstructs the events of his life in chronological order and in sufficient detail to give it consistency and colour. Historical imagination is tightly controlled by skilful exploitation of the evidence provided by ancient texts and monuments. His letters are seen to grow from the concrete circumstances of changing situations. His theology is born out of history.Less
The purpose of this book is to reveal the personality of Paul of Tarsus. Too long considered merely as a fountain of theological ideas, the Apostle of the Gentiles is brought to life by a strong narrative line, which reconstructs the events of his life in chronological order and in sufficient detail to give it consistency and colour. Historical imagination is tightly controlled by skilful exploitation of the evidence provided by ancient texts and monuments. His letters are seen to grow from the concrete circumstances of changing situations. His theology is born out of history.
Sandra Raban
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199252879
- eISBN:
- 9780191719264
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199252879.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The book concludes that a plausible case can be made that Edward I had Domesday Book in mind when he commissioned the 1279–80 hundred roll inquiry, but that it evolved into something different as the ...
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The book concludes that a plausible case can be made that Edward I had Domesday Book in mind when he commissioned the 1279–80 hundred roll inquiry, but that it evolved into something different as the commission was translated into articles and the articles were interpreted by the different commissioners. Findings about chronology, procedures, the nature of the surviving returns and the uses to which they have been put are summarized.Less
The book concludes that a plausible case can be made that Edward I had Domesday Book in mind when he commissioned the 1279–80 hundred roll inquiry, but that it evolved into something different as the commission was translated into articles and the articles were interpreted by the different commissioners. Findings about chronology, procedures, the nature of the surviving returns and the uses to which they have been put are summarized.
David Carnegie
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641819
- eISBN:
- 9780191749025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641819.003.0015
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This select list provides in tabular form the key dates relating to Cardenio and Double Falsehood, from the first performance by the King’s Men in 1613, to professional theatre productions in New ...
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This select list provides in tabular form the key dates relating to Cardenio and Double Falsehood, from the first performance by the King’s Men in 1613, to professional theatre productions in New York and Stratford-upon-Avon in 2011, and beyond.Less
This select list provides in tabular form the key dates relating to Cardenio and Double Falsehood, from the first performance by the King’s Men in 1613, to professional theatre productions in New York and Stratford-upon-Avon in 2011, and beyond.
Adele Reinhartz
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195146967
- eISBN:
- 9780199785469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195146967.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter looks closely at the various techniques by which the Jesus movies stake their claim to historicity. These techniques include introductory scrolled texts, voice-over narration, and, more ...
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This chapter looks closely at the various techniques by which the Jesus movies stake their claim to historicity. These techniques include introductory scrolled texts, voice-over narration, and, more subtly, details of setting, costuming, music, and the physical appearance of the characters. The chapter then outlines the ways in which the Jesus biopics undermine their own stated claims to historicity and studies in detail two movies that self-consciously negate the claim to historicity, The Last Temptation of Christ and Jesus of Montreal.Less
This chapter looks closely at the various techniques by which the Jesus movies stake their claim to historicity. These techniques include introductory scrolled texts, voice-over narration, and, more subtly, details of setting, costuming, music, and the physical appearance of the characters. The chapter then outlines the ways in which the Jesus biopics undermine their own stated claims to historicity and studies in detail two movies that self-consciously negate the claim to historicity, The Last Temptation of Christ and Jesus of Montreal.
Alan M. Dershowitz
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195158076
- eISBN:
- 9780199869848
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195158075.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Outlines the constitutional and statutory framework within which presidential elections are conducted in the USA. Provides a brief chronology and an account of the US (Bush vs Gore) presidential ...
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Outlines the constitutional and statutory framework within which presidential elections are conducted in the USA. Provides a brief chronology and an account of the US (Bush vs Gore) presidential election of 2000. The different sections of the chapter are: How We Elect Our President (the constitutional and statutory framework); The 2000 Election and Its Aftermath; The Ground War in Florida; The Butterfly Ballot; ‘Count All the Votes’ — or at Least the Ones That Favour Gore; Bush Goes to Court; The Overseas Absentee Ballots; The Supreme Court's Initial — Unanimous — Decision; and The Supreme Court's Stay (the decision to stop recounting in Florida before even hearing an argument) — looks at other cases in which equal protection has or has not been applied by the US Supreme Court.Less
Outlines the constitutional and statutory framework within which presidential elections are conducted in the USA. Provides a brief chronology and an account of the US (Bush vs Gore) presidential election of 2000. The different sections of the chapter are: How We Elect Our President (the constitutional and statutory framework); The 2000 Election and Its Aftermath; The Ground War in Florida; The Butterfly Ballot; ‘Count All the Votes’ — or at Least the Ones That Favour Gore; Bush Goes to Court; The Overseas Absentee Ballots; The Supreme Court's Initial — Unanimous — Decision; and The Supreme Court's Stay (the decision to stop recounting in Florida before even hearing an argument) — looks at other cases in which equal protection has or has not been applied by the US Supreme Court.
Rebecca Maloy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195315172
- eISBN:
- 9780199776252
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315172.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition, History, Western
This chapter explores the origin and chronology of the offertories through examination of their lyrics. Many offertory lyrics depart from the Roman psalter, perhaps suggesting an origin outside Rome. ...
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This chapter explores the origin and chronology of the offertories through examination of their lyrics. Many offertory lyrics depart from the Roman psalter, perhaps suggesting an origin outside Rome. An examination the psalmic lyrics indicates that they are extensively modified from the biblical sources. The centonization suggests that the respond lyrics were created to be sung with verses and that verses were, in many cases, part of their original conception. An examination of certain nonpsalmic offertories in the context of the Old Hispanic and Milanese repertories yields new evidence of non‐Roman origin. Most nonpsalmic lyrics are based on Old Latin sources rather than the Vulgate, suggesting a pre‐seventh‐century origin. Finally, the chapter considers the nonpsalmic offertories outside of the core Romano‐Frankish repertory. Most are based on Old Latin sources, suggesting a pre‐Carolingian origin.Less
This chapter explores the origin and chronology of the offertories through examination of their lyrics. Many offertory lyrics depart from the Roman psalter, perhaps suggesting an origin outside Rome. An examination the psalmic lyrics indicates that they are extensively modified from the biblical sources. The centonization suggests that the respond lyrics were created to be sung with verses and that verses were, in many cases, part of their original conception. An examination of certain nonpsalmic offertories in the context of the Old Hispanic and Milanese repertories yields new evidence of non‐Roman origin. Most nonpsalmic lyrics are based on Old Latin sources rather than the Vulgate, suggesting a pre‐seventh‐century origin. Finally, the chapter considers the nonpsalmic offertories outside of the core Romano‐Frankish repertory. Most are based on Old Latin sources, suggesting a pre‐Carolingian origin.
Rebecca Maloy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195315172
- eISBN:
- 9780199776252
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315172.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition, History, Western
This chapter addresses the historical problem of Gregorian and Old Roman chant by means of musical analysis. Comparative study sheds new light on the relationship between the two dialects and the ...
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This chapter addresses the historical problem of Gregorian and Old Roman chant by means of musical analysis. Comparative study sheds new light on the relationship between the two dialects and the nature of oral transmission. The Roman verses exhibit a pervasive formulaicism that is lacking in the Gregorian readings. A close analysis of the melodic formulas reveals that the Roman singers respond in consistent ways to features of the text, such as accent pattern and clause length. The close correlation between words and music suggests a reconstructive modal of oral transmission. The findings of this chapter are inconsistent with the traditional view that the Roman versions more closely reflect the eighth‐century state of the repertory. Rather, the evidence suggests that the Roman melodies underwent substantial change during their prolonged period of oral transmission between the eighth and eleventh centuries, becoming increasingly formulaic.Less
This chapter addresses the historical problem of Gregorian and Old Roman chant by means of musical analysis. Comparative study sheds new light on the relationship between the two dialects and the nature of oral transmission. The Roman verses exhibit a pervasive formulaicism that is lacking in the Gregorian readings. A close analysis of the melodic formulas reveals that the Roman singers respond in consistent ways to features of the text, such as accent pattern and clause length. The close correlation between words and music suggests a reconstructive modal of oral transmission. The findings of this chapter are inconsistent with the traditional view that the Roman versions more closely reflect the eighth‐century state of the repertory. Rather, the evidence suggests that the Roman melodies underwent substantial change during their prolonged period of oral transmission between the eighth and eleventh centuries, becoming increasingly formulaic.
Alden A. Mosshammer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199543120
- eISBN:
- 9780191720062
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199543120.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity, Early Christian Studies
According to Luke, Jesus was about 30 years old at the time of his baptism in the 15th year of the emperor Tiberius, AD 29. Most ancient writers therefore dated the Nativity to the 41st or 42nd year ...
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According to Luke, Jesus was about 30 years old at the time of his baptism in the 15th year of the emperor Tiberius, AD 29. Most ancient writers therefore dated the Nativity to the 41st or 42nd year of Augustus, 2 or 3 BC Yet both Matthew and Luke say that Jesus was born during the reign of Herod, who died in 4 BC. Luke also says that Jesus was born at the time of a census, when Quirinius was governor of Syria. Judaea was organized as a province and the first census taken in AD 6. Scholars have sought to harmonize the data by arguing that the 15th year of Tiberius was earlier than AD 29 and that there was an earlier census. The seventeenth‐century astronomer Kepler dated the Nativity to 6 BC on the basis of celestial phenomena that he thought accounted for Matthew's story of the Star of BethlehemLess
According to Luke, Jesus was about 30 years old at the time of his baptism in the 15th year of the emperor Tiberius, AD 29. Most ancient writers therefore dated the Nativity to the 41st or 42nd year of Augustus, 2 or 3 BC Yet both Matthew and Luke say that Jesus was born during the reign of Herod, who died in 4 BC. Luke also says that Jesus was born at the time of a census, when Quirinius was governor of Syria. Judaea was organized as a province and the first census taken in AD 6. Scholars have sought to harmonize the data by arguing that the 15th year of Tiberius was earlier than AD 29 and that there was an earlier census. The seventeenth‐century astronomer Kepler dated the Nativity to 6 BC on the basis of celestial phenomena that he thought accounted for Matthew's story of the Star of Bethlehem
DAVID USSISHKIN
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264010
- eISBN:
- 9780191734946
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264010.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter discusses the role of archaeology in the study of the biblical period and biblical history, with special reference to the ninth century – that is, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, in the ...
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This chapter discusses the role of archaeology in the study of the biblical period and biblical history, with special reference to the ninth century – that is, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, in the land of Israel. This discipline is known as biblical archaeology. When biblical archaeological research began more than 150 years ago, it was dependent on the Bible and biblical research. The dependence of archaeology on the biblical text is symbolized by the phrase ‘bible and spade’. The chapter argues that the disciplines of archaeology on the one hand and history and biblical studies on the other are based on different methods and different ways of thinking, and also claims that the archaeologist should refrain from analysing the Bible and history. Furthermore, it contends that the proper methodology should involve some cooperation between archaeologists, biblical scholars, and historians. The chapter also takes a look at the archaeological framework of the Iron Age, which is made of stratigraphy and chronology.Less
This chapter discusses the role of archaeology in the study of the biblical period and biblical history, with special reference to the ninth century – that is, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, in the land of Israel. This discipline is known as biblical archaeology. When biblical archaeological research began more than 150 years ago, it was dependent on the Bible and biblical research. The dependence of archaeology on the biblical text is symbolized by the phrase ‘bible and spade’. The chapter argues that the disciplines of archaeology on the one hand and history and biblical studies on the other are based on different methods and different ways of thinking, and also claims that the archaeologist should refrain from analysing the Bible and history. Furthermore, it contends that the proper methodology should involve some cooperation between archaeologists, biblical scholars, and historians. The chapter also takes a look at the archaeological framework of the Iron Age, which is made of stratigraphy and chronology.
Anthony Grafton
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266601
- eISBN:
- 9780191896057
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266601.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religious Studies
Nineteenth-century accounts of Joseph Scaliger’s chronology treated it as a triumph of true over spurious learning. Often, this was equated with a larger triumph of Protestant over Catholic ...
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Nineteenth-century accounts of Joseph Scaliger’s chronology treated it as a triumph of true over spurious learning. Often, this was equated with a larger triumph of Protestant over Catholic scholarship. A closer look at the nature and reception of Scaliger’s chronology suggests that it formed part of a much more complicated story. Scaliger’s own confessional allegiance, and those of his readers and critics, sometimes shaped their response to sources and issues, but often did not do so. Catholic as well as Protestant scholars provided material for his work, mastered it and subjected it to substantive criticism The mixed reception of his work reflected its technical innovations, and its technical flaws.Less
Nineteenth-century accounts of Joseph Scaliger’s chronology treated it as a triumph of true over spurious learning. Often, this was equated with a larger triumph of Protestant over Catholic scholarship. A closer look at the nature and reception of Scaliger’s chronology suggests that it formed part of a much more complicated story. Scaliger’s own confessional allegiance, and those of his readers and critics, sometimes shaped their response to sources and issues, but often did not do so. Catholic as well as Protestant scholars provided material for his work, mastered it and subjected it to substantive criticism The mixed reception of his work reflected its technical innovations, and its technical flaws.
Alasdair Whittle
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264140
- eISBN:
- 9780191734489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264140.003.0020
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This chapter has three aims: first, to draw attention to now-routine methods of refining radiocarbon chronologies; second, to sketch some of the first results from the application of such methods to ...
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This chapter has three aims: first, to draw attention to now-routine methods of refining radiocarbon chronologies; second, to sketch some of the first results from the application of such methods to early (but not yet really the earliest) parts of the southern British Neolithic sequence; and third, to discuss on a provisional basis the implications of a more refined sequence for our understanding of the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition and the very early development of the southern British Neolithic. In so doing, the distinctions between chronology, history, and temporality become harder to sustain.Less
This chapter has three aims: first, to draw attention to now-routine methods of refining radiocarbon chronologies; second, to sketch some of the first results from the application of such methods to early (but not yet really the earliest) parts of the southern British Neolithic sequence; and third, to discuss on a provisional basis the implications of a more refined sequence for our understanding of the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition and the very early development of the southern British Neolithic. In so doing, the distinctions between chronology, history, and temporality become harder to sustain.
Katherine Clarke
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199291083
- eISBN:
- 9780191710582
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291083.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This book is about time and local history in the Greek world. It argues that choices concerning the articulation and expression of time reflect the values of both those who ‘make’ it and their ...
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This book is about time and local history in the Greek world. It argues that choices concerning the articulation and expression of time reflect the values of both those who ‘make’ it and their audiences. This study ranges from the widespread awareness of time's malleability and the perceived value of the past by the citizens of the Greek polis to the formal analysis of time-systems in Hellenistic scholarship. It addresses the development by historians of ways to articulate the long span of historical time, from the chronologies developed by those who wrote universal narratives to those whose stories were about the individual polis. The negotiation of time is of interest in any social context, but it carries particular resonance in the world of Greek poleis, where each community had its own calendar and ran to its own time. Both the articulation of time and the establishment of ‘shared’ histories have been seen as modes of self-expression for communities. An exploration of their intersection is, therefore, especially illuminating. By focusing on city-history, the creation of the past within a restricted community, it is possible to examine more closely the dynamics of how time and the past were ‘made’. Therefore, this study brings together the wider theme of ‘managing time’, with an exploration of how history was created at a local level, within a civic context. It looks at the construction of the past as a social activity, which both reflects and contributes towards the sense of a shared, civic identity.Less
This book is about time and local history in the Greek world. It argues that choices concerning the articulation and expression of time reflect the values of both those who ‘make’ it and their audiences. This study ranges from the widespread awareness of time's malleability and the perceived value of the past by the citizens of the Greek polis to the formal analysis of time-systems in Hellenistic scholarship. It addresses the development by historians of ways to articulate the long span of historical time, from the chronologies developed by those who wrote universal narratives to those whose stories were about the individual polis. The negotiation of time is of interest in any social context, but it carries particular resonance in the world of Greek poleis, where each community had its own calendar and ran to its own time. Both the articulation of time and the establishment of ‘shared’ histories have been seen as modes of self-expression for communities. An exploration of their intersection is, therefore, especially illuminating. By focusing on city-history, the creation of the past within a restricted community, it is possible to examine more closely the dynamics of how time and the past were ‘made’. Therefore, this study brings together the wider theme of ‘managing time’, with an exploration of how history was created at a local level, within a civic context. It looks at the construction of the past as a social activity, which both reflects and contributes towards the sense of a shared, civic identity.
Frederic H. Wagner
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195148213
- eISBN:
- 9780199790449
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148213.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Historic and photographic evidence of the northern range shows the absence of browsing highlines on conifers in early park years (pre-1900), their general appearance by the early 1900s, and ...
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Historic and photographic evidence of the northern range shows the absence of browsing highlines on conifers in early park years (pre-1900), their general appearance by the early 1900s, and widespread existence to the present. Architectural analysis of conifer morphology indicates an early period of light or no browsing followed by a period of heavy use, with some evidence of no reproductive replacement. Key research that would have shown elk effects on conifer trends has been denied. Historical accounts describe a number of shrub and small deciduous-tree species, many of them berry-bearing, as significant components of the northern range. Heavy browsing impacts were first reported in 1914. Exclosure studies in the 1980s showed abundant berry production by three species inside exclosures, but almost none on the outside where annual growth shoots that would produce fruit in their second year are almost entirely browsed off each year.Less
Historic and photographic evidence of the northern range shows the absence of browsing highlines on conifers in early park years (pre-1900), their general appearance by the early 1900s, and widespread existence to the present. Architectural analysis of conifer morphology indicates an early period of light or no browsing followed by a period of heavy use, with some evidence of no reproductive replacement. Key research that would have shown elk effects on conifer trends has been denied. Historical accounts describe a number of shrub and small deciduous-tree species, many of them berry-bearing, as significant components of the northern range. Heavy browsing impacts were first reported in 1914. Exclosure studies in the 1980s showed abundant berry production by three species inside exclosures, but almost none on the outside where annual growth shoots that would produce fruit in their second year are almost entirely browsed off each year.
Sandra Raban
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199252879
- eISBN:
- 9780191719264
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199252879.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The 1279–80 hundred rolls are one of the most important but neglected sources for 13th-century English history. This book places the inquiry in its historical context among other inquiries by Edward ...
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The 1279–80 hundred rolls are one of the most important but neglected sources for 13th-century English history. This book places the inquiry in its historical context among other inquiries by Edward I in England, Gascony, the Channel Islands, and Wales, and by other rulers on the Continent. It examines its purpose and whether it was conceived deliberately as a second Domesday Book. The geographical range and chronology of the inquiry are examined, how it was conducted and the way in which the returns were compiled. The book concludes with an assessment of the uses which contemporaries and modern historians have made of the returns. There are appendices providing lists of the manuscripts and printed editions of all known surviving rolls, the commission of inquiry and oath taken by commissioners and the articles of inquiry for Cambridgeshire and London.Less
The 1279–80 hundred rolls are one of the most important but neglected sources for 13th-century English history. This book places the inquiry in its historical context among other inquiries by Edward I in England, Gascony, the Channel Islands, and Wales, and by other rulers on the Continent. It examines its purpose and whether it was conceived deliberately as a second Domesday Book. The geographical range and chronology of the inquiry are examined, how it was conducted and the way in which the returns were compiled. The book concludes with an assessment of the uses which contemporaries and modern historians have made of the returns. There are appendices providing lists of the manuscripts and printed editions of all known surviving rolls, the commission of inquiry and oath taken by commissioners and the articles of inquiry for Cambridgeshire and London.
Kenneth Pomeranz
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265321
- eISBN:
- 9780191760495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265321.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
Kenneth Pomeranz, whose book The Great Divergence was one of the key starting points for global history, has developed a methodological approach to the concept of ‘divergence’. Historical divergences ...
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Kenneth Pomeranz, whose book The Great Divergence was one of the key starting points for global history, has developed a methodological approach to the concept of ‘divergence’. Historical divergences raise many questions: those of perspective, issues of ‘origin’, points where differences become divergences and those of multiple time scales.Less
Kenneth Pomeranz, whose book The Great Divergence was one of the key starting points for global history, has developed a methodological approach to the concept of ‘divergence’. Historical divergences raise many questions: those of perspective, issues of ‘origin’, points where differences become divergences and those of multiple time scales.
Mark Kinkead-Weekes
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263181
- eISBN:
- 9780191734595
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263181.003.0014
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
There could be different ways of writing biographies, just as there are different kinds of novels. Modern biographers who are sensitive to the trends in fiction and criticism may avoid the ...
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There could be different ways of writing biographies, just as there are different kinds of novels. Modern biographers who are sensitive to the trends in fiction and criticism may avoid the chronological approach, as it is often seen as old-fashioned. They may prefer a more subtle kind of structuring; for instance, Hermione Lee, who wrote Virginia Woolf's life, argued that there are several ways in which a ‘Life’ may begin apart from the start of the subject's birth. Likewise, Jean Sartre asserted the need to use an inverted chronology wherein regression should come first before progress can be properly grounded. This chapter discusses the chronological biography and, in particular, strict chronological biography. First, it examines D.H. Lawrence's biography, which is arranged and structured chronologically, and considers two biographies that are arranged in innovatory ways: Sartre's biography of Flaubert and Lee's narrative of Virginia Woolf. While Sartre and Lee's methods were interesting, the chronological approach, however old-fashioned, has positive aspects: it allows miming of the reader of how a life may have felt to live; throws emphasis on the experience of the biographee rather than commentary of the biographer; allows the reader to watch the life as it unfolds rather than having its significance anticipated; and delays verdicts until there has been sufficient exploration of the process and development.Less
There could be different ways of writing biographies, just as there are different kinds of novels. Modern biographers who are sensitive to the trends in fiction and criticism may avoid the chronological approach, as it is often seen as old-fashioned. They may prefer a more subtle kind of structuring; for instance, Hermione Lee, who wrote Virginia Woolf's life, argued that there are several ways in which a ‘Life’ may begin apart from the start of the subject's birth. Likewise, Jean Sartre asserted the need to use an inverted chronology wherein regression should come first before progress can be properly grounded. This chapter discusses the chronological biography and, in particular, strict chronological biography. First, it examines D.H. Lawrence's biography, which is arranged and structured chronologically, and considers two biographies that are arranged in innovatory ways: Sartre's biography of Flaubert and Lee's narrative of Virginia Woolf. While Sartre and Lee's methods were interesting, the chronological approach, however old-fashioned, has positive aspects: it allows miming of the reader of how a life may have felt to live; throws emphasis on the experience of the biographee rather than commentary of the biographer; allows the reader to watch the life as it unfolds rather than having its significance anticipated; and delays verdicts until there has been sufficient exploration of the process and development.
D. S. Levene
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198152958
- eISBN:
- 9780191594168
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198152958.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Livy's work is written in ten books, each with its own structure. It is also written in an annalistic format; but within each year one finds alternations between domestic and military events, and ...
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Livy's work is written in ten books, each with its own structure. It is also written in an annalistic format; but within each year one finds alternations between domestic and military events, and between different theatres of war. Thus, Livy's narrative is articulated simultaneously along three separate axes. The story of any individual episode may run through multiple years, and so can only be traced through many widely separated passages. At the same time, there is a general ‘war narrative’ that is formed by the juxtaposition of these multiple stories, and a pattern that is created by the articulation of the narrative into individual books. This chapter shows how Livy creatively employs the tension between these three: how book structure and chronology cut across one another, and how his treatment of a single story is affected by the apparently unrelated episodes with which it is juxtaposed.Less
Livy's work is written in ten books, each with its own structure. It is also written in an annalistic format; but within each year one finds alternations between domestic and military events, and between different theatres of war. Thus, Livy's narrative is articulated simultaneously along three separate axes. The story of any individual episode may run through multiple years, and so can only be traced through many widely separated passages. At the same time, there is a general ‘war narrative’ that is formed by the juxtaposition of these multiple stories, and a pattern that is created by the articulation of the narrative into individual books. This chapter shows how Livy creatively employs the tension between these three: how book structure and chronology cut across one another, and how his treatment of a single story is affected by the apparently unrelated episodes with which it is juxtaposed.
Margreta de Grazia
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780226785196
- eISBN:
- 9780226785363
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226785363.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
A curious transvaluation is taking place in our study of the past: negatives are becoming positives and vice versa. Anachronisms, previously condemned as errors in the order of time, are now being ...
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A curious transvaluation is taking place in our study of the past: negatives are becoming positives and vice versa. Anachronisms, previously condemned as errors in the order of time, are now being hailed as correctives or alternatives to that order. Conversely, chronology and periods, the mainstays of that order, are now charged with having distorted the past they have been entrusted to represent. Secularization, once embraced as the great precipitate of the modern era, is now also on the defensive. In light of this reappraisal, can Shakespeare Studies continue unshaken? This is the question Four Shakespearean Period Pieces takes up, devoting a chapter to each term. The book demonstrates how challenges raised at a conceptual level have thrown into question some of the key tenets and practices of the study of Shakespeare. Each chapter focuses on one of the temporalizing terms: the detection of anachronism, the chronologizing of the canon, the staging of plays “in period,” and the use of Shakespeare in modernity’s secularizing project. All four chapters coalesce around a common objective: to show how the emergence of these historical coordinates, long after Shakespeare, affected the editing, staging, and criticism of his plays.Less
A curious transvaluation is taking place in our study of the past: negatives are becoming positives and vice versa. Anachronisms, previously condemned as errors in the order of time, are now being hailed as correctives or alternatives to that order. Conversely, chronology and periods, the mainstays of that order, are now charged with having distorted the past they have been entrusted to represent. Secularization, once embraced as the great precipitate of the modern era, is now also on the defensive. In light of this reappraisal, can Shakespeare Studies continue unshaken? This is the question Four Shakespearean Period Pieces takes up, devoting a chapter to each term. The book demonstrates how challenges raised at a conceptual level have thrown into question some of the key tenets and practices of the study of Shakespeare. Each chapter focuses on one of the temporalizing terms: the detection of anachronism, the chronologizing of the canon, the staging of plays “in period,” and the use of Shakespeare in modernity’s secularizing project. All four chapters coalesce around a common objective: to show how the emergence of these historical coordinates, long after Shakespeare, affected the editing, staging, and criticism of his plays.
G. O. Hutchinson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199279418
- eISBN:
- 9780191707322
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279418.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter argues against the normal view that Odes 1-3 had their first publication together in 23 BC and should be read as a single entity. Book 1, and then Book 2, were first published ...
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This chapter argues against the normal view that Odes 1-3 had their first publication together in 23 BC and should be read as a single entity. Book 1, and then Book 2, were first published separately: so it is contended on the basis of detailed consideration of metre, chronology, etc. Approaching the three books as successive and deliberately differing entities produces a much more satisfying and distinctive understanding of the individual books, and the cumulative entity which they build up. The differences between the three books are presented under headings; Book 3 in a sense conjoins Books 1 and 2, to create conflicts of its own.Less
This chapter argues against the normal view that Odes 1-3 had their first publication together in 23 BC and should be read as a single entity. Book 1, and then Book 2, were first published separately: so it is contended on the basis of detailed consideration of metre, chronology, etc. Approaching the three books as successive and deliberately differing entities produces a much more satisfying and distinctive understanding of the individual books, and the cumulative entity which they build up. The differences between the three books are presented under headings; Book 3 in a sense conjoins Books 1 and 2, to create conflicts of its own.
Philomen Probert
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279609
- eISBN:
- 9780191707292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279609.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses the formation of words with -ro-, comparative evidence for their accentuation, and descriptive accounts of their accentuation in Greek. An analysis of simplex words formed ...
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This chapter discusses the formation of words with -ro-, comparative evidence for their accentuation, and descriptive accounts of their accentuation in Greek. An analysis of simplex words formed historically with -ro- shows that the adjectives are overwhelmingly accented on the final syllable. The nouns are less consistent and predominantly recessive. A division into nouns attested in Homer, and those not attested until after Homer appears to suggest a chronological shift towards recessive accentuation in nouns. However, it is argued that this is a side-effect of other, non-chronological factors distinguishing the two sets of nouns. It is shown that word frequency and accentuation are related, but not linearly: words of medium frequency are more predominantly recessive than those of very high or very low frequency.Less
This chapter discusses the formation of words with -ro-, comparative evidence for their accentuation, and descriptive accounts of their accentuation in Greek. An analysis of simplex words formed historically with -ro- shows that the adjectives are overwhelmingly accented on the final syllable. The nouns are less consistent and predominantly recessive. A division into nouns attested in Homer, and those not attested until after Homer appears to suggest a chronological shift towards recessive accentuation in nouns. However, it is argued that this is a side-effect of other, non-chronological factors distinguishing the two sets of nouns. It is shown that word frequency and accentuation are related, but not linearly: words of medium frequency are more predominantly recessive than those of very high or very low frequency.
