Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood, Peter S. Jensen, Mary McKay, and Serene Olin (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195307825
- eISBN:
- 9780199863402
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307825.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Children and Families
Research in children's mental health lags behind research for adults, in part because it is intrinsically context-bound. Children are embedded in families, in schools, and in communities who have ...
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Research in children's mental health lags behind research for adults, in part because it is intrinsically context-bound. Children are embedded in families, in schools, and in communities who have responsibility for their care. Making research findings useful and ensuring that they are applied to improve the lives of children and families require attention to these contexts. This entails a process of collaboration with many partners: teachers, nurses, healthcare providers, church leaders, neighborhood group directors, and other community leaders. The process of collaboration in children's mental health is complicated, but the products that it yields have the potential to benefit both children and families. This volume, with the toolkit and casebook that it contains, distills the process of collaboration into manageable steps, and provides concrete examples of how researchers have addressed specific challenges. The premise of this book is that collaborative research, in contrast to traditional research paradigms, will yield findings that are more ethical, valid, and useful. Highlighting the transformation of science from ivory tower theories to action-oriented practices, this book offers practical advice for researchers and practitioners interested in using data to inform and transform children's mental health. Concrete examples of projects that have involved community leaders and researchers provide an insider's guide to conducting successful collaborations that can yield better results than traditional top-down research paradigms.Less
Research in children's mental health lags behind research for adults, in part because it is intrinsically context-bound. Children are embedded in families, in schools, and in communities who have responsibility for their care. Making research findings useful and ensuring that they are applied to improve the lives of children and families require attention to these contexts. This entails a process of collaboration with many partners: teachers, nurses, healthcare providers, church leaders, neighborhood group directors, and other community leaders. The process of collaboration in children's mental health is complicated, but the products that it yields have the potential to benefit both children and families. This volume, with the toolkit and casebook that it contains, distills the process of collaboration into manageable steps, and provides concrete examples of how researchers have addressed specific challenges. The premise of this book is that collaborative research, in contrast to traditional research paradigms, will yield findings that are more ethical, valid, and useful. Highlighting the transformation of science from ivory tower theories to action-oriented practices, this book offers practical advice for researchers and practitioners interested in using data to inform and transform children's mental health. Concrete examples of projects that have involved community leaders and researchers provide an insider's guide to conducting successful collaborations that can yield better results than traditional top-down research paradigms.
Jill Duerr Berrick and Neil Gilbert (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195310122
- eISBN:
- 9780199865284
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310122.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Children and Families
Over the last half a century, technological and medical advances, shifting patterns of employment, the loosening of marital bonds, changing social norms, and the women's rights movement have ...
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Over the last half a century, technological and medical advances, shifting patterns of employment, the loosening of marital bonds, changing social norms, and the women's rights movement have dramatically altered the landscape of family life. On this new terrain, parents struggle with balancing the demands of work and child care responsibilities, selecting the right schools, and sorting through a bewildering array of medical and psychological nostrums. At the same time, public officials are under increasing pressure to formulate policies that assist parents to meet the challenges of childrearing in contemporary society. This book looks at the troubling concerns of childrearing in modern family life, and raises provocative questions about the benefits and hazards of policy alternatives designed to alleviate these issues. It frames the emerging needs and new risks that impact child rearing, addressing controversial issues such as the roles of schools and government in promoting children's health, the facts and the myths about Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the family dynamics of balancing work and childcare, and allocating responsibility for care and support of children when family life breaks down. The book analyzes a range of state interventions to assist parents in dealing with these issues. Although these interventions are sometimes seen as a substitute for parental authority, the book explains how they can be framed as efforts to empower parents.Less
Over the last half a century, technological and medical advances, shifting patterns of employment, the loosening of marital bonds, changing social norms, and the women's rights movement have dramatically altered the landscape of family life. On this new terrain, parents struggle with balancing the demands of work and child care responsibilities, selecting the right schools, and sorting through a bewildering array of medical and psychological nostrums. At the same time, public officials are under increasing pressure to formulate policies that assist parents to meet the challenges of childrearing in contemporary society. This book looks at the troubling concerns of childrearing in modern family life, and raises provocative questions about the benefits and hazards of policy alternatives designed to alleviate these issues. It frames the emerging needs and new risks that impact child rearing, addressing controversial issues such as the roles of schools and government in promoting children's health, the facts and the myths about Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the family dynamics of balancing work and childcare, and allocating responsibility for care and support of children when family life breaks down. The book analyzes a range of state interventions to assist parents in dealing with these issues. Although these interventions are sometimes seen as a substitute for parental authority, the book explains how they can be framed as efforts to empower parents.
Robin Peth Pierce, Serene Olin, Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood, and Peter Jensen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195307825
- eISBN:
- 9780199863402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307825.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Children and Families
This chapter is a casebook of specific examples, drawn largely from interviews conducted with community researchers studying different aspects of children's health. The cases are intended to serve as ...
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This chapter is a casebook of specific examples, drawn largely from interviews conducted with community researchers studying different aspects of children's health. The cases are intended to serve as a reference guide for those wanting to conduct collaborative community research.Less
This chapter is a casebook of specific examples, drawn largely from interviews conducted with community researchers studying different aspects of children's health. The cases are intended to serve as a reference guide for those wanting to conduct collaborative community research.
Pierre-Richard Agénor
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691155807
- eISBN:
- 9781400845392
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691155807.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter focuses on two aspects of the debate on the role of women in growth and development: the impact of lack of access to infrastructure on women's time allocation and the role of inter- and ...
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This chapter focuses on two aspects of the debate on the role of women in growth and development: the impact of lack of access to infrastructure on women's time allocation and the role of inter- and intragenerational health externalities—namely, how mothers' time allocation decisions affect their children's health, and how health in childhood affects health in adulthood. To do so, a gender dimension is added to the analytical framework presented in the previous chapters. The chapter begins with a review of the recent evidence on women's time allocation, with a particular focus on the implications of poor access to infrastructure services, and on intergenerational health externalities. The model is then presented and its properties analyzed. The impact of public policy is considered next, and the implications of the analysis for the debate on the relationship between women's labor supply and the level of development are discussed. The concluding section considers various extensions.Less
This chapter focuses on two aspects of the debate on the role of women in growth and development: the impact of lack of access to infrastructure on women's time allocation and the role of inter- and intragenerational health externalities—namely, how mothers' time allocation decisions affect their children's health, and how health in childhood affects health in adulthood. To do so, a gender dimension is added to the analytical framework presented in the previous chapters. The chapter begins with a review of the recent evidence on women's time allocation, with a particular focus on the implications of poor access to infrastructure services, and on intergenerational health externalities. The model is then presented and its properties analyzed. The impact of public policy is considered next, and the implications of the analysis for the debate on the relationship between women's labor supply and the level of development are discussed. The concluding section considers various extensions.
Jody Heymann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195156591
- eISBN:
- 9780199943333
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156591.003.0030
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter examines the consequences of global transformations for children's health. It presents Pham Dieu Hien's childhood in Vietnam. His story is among the many which tell of the indelible ways ...
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This chapter examines the consequences of global transformations for children's health. It presents Pham Dieu Hien's childhood in Vietnam. His story is among the many which tell of the indelible ways that working conditions and social supports determined whether families could meet children's preventive, curative, and care needs while working. Time after time, children are placed at risk because parents have little or no choice: grossly inadequate working conditions do not permit parents to tend properly to their children's needs. When parents cannot take leave from work without losing their jobs, often no one is available to bring a child to a clinic or a hospital. When workplaces threaten the poor with an unaffordable loss of income if they change their schedule or miss work, sick children are often left home alone and unable to administer prescribed treatments or otherwise care for themselves.Less
This chapter examines the consequences of global transformations for children's health. It presents Pham Dieu Hien's childhood in Vietnam. His story is among the many which tell of the indelible ways that working conditions and social supports determined whether families could meet children's preventive, curative, and care needs while working. Time after time, children are placed at risk because parents have little or no choice: grossly inadequate working conditions do not permit parents to tend properly to their children's needs. When parents cannot take leave from work without losing their jobs, often no one is available to bring a child to a clinic or a hospital. When workplaces threaten the poor with an unaffordable loss of income if they change their schedule or miss work, sick children are often left home alone and unable to administer prescribed treatments or otherwise care for themselves.
Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood, Peter S. Jensen, Mary McKay, and Serene Olin
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195307825
- eISBN:
- 9780199863402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307825.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Children and Families
This chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of this book, which is to make explicit the implicit frameworks of researchers, community practitioners, parents or caregivers, and family ...
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This chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of this book, which is to make explicit the implicit frameworks of researchers, community practitioners, parents or caregivers, and family advisors about models for creating sustained partnerships to improve knowledge about mental health services for children, adolescents, and their families. It then discusses the principles of collaboration, the science-to-practice gap, family/professional collaboration in child mental health services, and community-based services. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.Less
This chapter begins with a brief description of the purpose of this book, which is to make explicit the implicit frameworks of researchers, community practitioners, parents or caregivers, and family advisors about models for creating sustained partnerships to improve knowledge about mental health services for children, adolescents, and their families. It then discusses the principles of collaboration, the science-to-practice gap, family/professional collaboration in child mental health services, and community-based services. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Nancy Koroloff, Trina Osher, Pauline Jivanjee, Michael D. Pullmann, Kathryn Sofich, Leanne Guthrie, Jane Adams, and Shalene Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195307825
- eISBN:
- 9780199863402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307825.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Children and Families
This chapter describes some ways that families who care for children with mental, emotional, or behavioral problems; youth who are served by the children's mental health system; and researchers, have ...
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This chapter describes some ways that families who care for children with mental, emotional, or behavioral problems; youth who are served by the children's mental health system; and researchers, have collaborated in research and evaluation. Topics covered include historical development of consumer involvement in mental health research; a system of care evaluation in Clark County, Washington; family involvement in systems of care, the youth-driven research project, and evaluator perspectives on collaboration with family members.Less
This chapter describes some ways that families who care for children with mental, emotional, or behavioral problems; youth who are served by the children's mental health system; and researchers, have collaborated in research and evaluation. Topics covered include historical development of consumer involvement in mental health research; a system of care evaluation in Clark County, Washington; family involvement in systems of care, the youth-driven research project, and evaluator perspectives on collaboration with family members.
Mary McKay and Peter S. Jensen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195307825
- eISBN:
- 9780199863402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307825.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Children and Families
This chapter outlines key principles of collaboration that can guide efforts to involve consumers, family members, providers, administrators, and community members more fully in child mental health ...
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This chapter outlines key principles of collaboration that can guide efforts to involve consumers, family members, providers, administrators, and community members more fully in child mental health services research efforts. It then highlights opportunities for collaboration across the research process, from the development of guiding research questions, to study methods and procedures, to interpretation of study results and dissemination activities. Examples of the challenges that arise in collaborative efforts with youth and their families, providers, systems, and communities are discussed. Finally, a discussion of next steps for child mental health services research is offered.Less
This chapter outlines key principles of collaboration that can guide efforts to involve consumers, family members, providers, administrators, and community members more fully in child mental health services research efforts. It then highlights opportunities for collaboration across the research process, from the development of guiding research questions, to study methods and procedures, to interpretation of study results and dissemination activities. Examples of the challenges that arise in collaborative efforts with youth and their families, providers, systems, and communities are discussed. Finally, a discussion of next steps for child mental health services research is offered.
Judith C. Meyers
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195159226
- eISBN:
- 9780199893843
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159226.003.0015
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health, Communities and Organizations
This chapter weaves together reflections on two journeys, one quite public and the other more private. The public journey is the evolution of services for children with serious mental health problems ...
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This chapter weaves together reflections on two journeys, one quite public and the other more private. The public journey is the evolution of services for children with serious mental health problems in America over the past century and how the experience of one state — Connecticut — provides a more in-depth look at what has and has not occurred. The private journey is the evolution of the author's own thinking about children's mental health service systems, informed by her education as a clinical and community psychologist, her training in the world of public policy, her experience working in leadership positions in federal, state, and local settings over the past 20 years, and her most recent work in Connecticut. The chapter explores how these journeys have intertwined and what might be learned from each.Less
This chapter weaves together reflections on two journeys, one quite public and the other more private. The public journey is the evolution of services for children with serious mental health problems in America over the past century and how the experience of one state — Connecticut — provides a more in-depth look at what has and has not occurred. The private journey is the evolution of the author's own thinking about children's mental health service systems, informed by her education as a clinical and community psychologist, her training in the world of public policy, her experience working in leadership positions in federal, state, and local settings over the past 20 years, and her most recent work in Connecticut. The chapter explores how these journeys have intertwined and what might be learned from each.
Robert Abramovitz and Mimi Abramovitz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195307825
- eISBN:
- 9780199863402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307825.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Children and Families
This chapter advances the development of successful partnerships between practitioners and researchers by (1) identifying the need for a two-way exchange of knowledge between practice and research; ...
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This chapter advances the development of successful partnerships between practitioners and researchers by (1) identifying the need for a two-way exchange of knowledge between practice and research; (2) highlighting the value of researcher-practitioner partnerships; (3) presenting an illustrative case study of one agency's successful work in this area; and (4) making recommendations for change.Less
This chapter advances the development of successful partnerships between practitioners and researchers by (1) identifying the need for a two-way exchange of knowledge between practice and research; (2) highlighting the value of researcher-practitioner partnerships; (3) presenting an illustrative case study of one agency's successful work in this area; and (4) making recommendations for change.
Peter S. Jensen and Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195307825
- eISBN:
- 9780199863402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307825.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Children and Families
This chapter reflects on how principles of collaboration can enliven, deepen, and validate scientific knowledge about children's mental health. In so doing, these principles also point to a future ...
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This chapter reflects on how principles of collaboration can enliven, deepen, and validate scientific knowledge about children's mental health. In so doing, these principles also point to a future research agenda that links models of collaboration to the ethical endpoint of enhancing both the validity and usefulness of knowledge.Less
This chapter reflects on how principles of collaboration can enliven, deepen, and validate scientific knowledge about children's mental health. In so doing, these principles also point to a future research agenda that links models of collaboration to the ethical endpoint of enhancing both the validity and usefulness of knowledge.
David L. Parker, Anaclaudia G. Fassa,, and Thomas J. Scanlon
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199558582
- eISBN:
- 9780191594397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558582.003.0009
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Child work is a continuum, and there is no clear demarcation of when work moves from a positive experience to a harmful one. In spite of the risks posed by many forms of work, for large numbers of ...
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Child work is a continuum, and there is no clear demarcation of when work moves from a positive experience to a harmful one. In spite of the risks posed by many forms of work, for large numbers of children, the alternative to work may be hunger or other adverse outcomes. This chapter describes the health effects of children's work and the impact of this work on the communities in which they live. The chapter is divided into three parts. First, it examines the difficulties in determining the impact of child labour on health. Second, it describes approaches which can help in understanding the impact of child labour. Third, it presents examples of the impact of child labour on the health of children, families, and communities and how these impacts might be more effectively measured.Less
Child work is a continuum, and there is no clear demarcation of when work moves from a positive experience to a harmful one. In spite of the risks posed by many forms of work, for large numbers of children, the alternative to work may be hunger or other adverse outcomes. This chapter describes the health effects of children's work and the impact of this work on the communities in which they live. The chapter is divided into three parts. First, it examines the difficulties in determining the impact of child labour on health. Second, it describes approaches which can help in understanding the impact of child labour. Third, it presents examples of the impact of child labour on the health of children, families, and communities and how these impacts might be more effectively measured.
Felicity Savage King and Ann Burgess
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192622334
- eISBN:
- 9780191723643
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192622334.003.0014
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses children's growth and development. Topics covered include signs of health and good nutrition in children, variation in height and weight, reference weights and range of health ...
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This chapter discusses children's growth and development. Topics covered include signs of health and good nutrition in children, variation in height and weight, reference weights and range of health weights, how a growth chart shows whether a child is well nourished or not, and measuring height and weight.Less
This chapter discusses children's growth and development. Topics covered include signs of health and good nutrition in children, variation in height and weight, reference weights and range of health weights, how a growth chart shows whether a child is well nourished or not, and measuring height and weight.
Philip J. Landrigan
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190662677
- eISBN:
- 9780190662707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0033
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Children are exquisitely vulnerable to health threats in the environment. The World Health Organization estimates that 36% of all deaths in children worldwide are caused by harmful environmental ...
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Children are exquisitely vulnerable to health threats in the environment. The World Health Organization estimates that 36% of all deaths in children worldwide are caused by harmful environmental exposures. Environmental exposures are major causes of non-communicable diseases in children—asthma, birth defects, preterm birth, neurodevlopemental disorders, cancer, obesity, and diabetes. This chapter reviews the historical origins of children’s environmental health, which is the branch of pediatric medicine and public health that studies the influence of the environment on children’s health, development, and risk of disease. It describes the evolution of research in this growing field. It describes the global spread of environmental hazards, especially toxic chemicals and pesticides to rapidly industrializing low- and middle-income countries where these materials have resulted in major episodes of disease and death in children. The chapter concludes with a discussion of strategies for prevention of environmental disease in children.Less
Children are exquisitely vulnerable to health threats in the environment. The World Health Organization estimates that 36% of all deaths in children worldwide are caused by harmful environmental exposures. Environmental exposures are major causes of non-communicable diseases in children—asthma, birth defects, preterm birth, neurodevlopemental disorders, cancer, obesity, and diabetes. This chapter reviews the historical origins of children’s environmental health, which is the branch of pediatric medicine and public health that studies the influence of the environment on children’s health, development, and risk of disease. It describes the evolution of research in this growing field. It describes the global spread of environmental hazards, especially toxic chemicals and pesticides to rapidly industrializing low- and middle-income countries where these materials have resulted in major episodes of disease and death in children. The chapter concludes with a discussion of strategies for prevention of environmental disease in children.
Yvonne Kelly and Melanie Bartley
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847424761
- eISBN:
- 9781447301790
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847424761.003.0015
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter examines the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) for evidence on a number of alternate pathways for parents' health to influence children's health and development, assessing the contribution ...
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This chapter examines the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) for evidence on a number of alternate pathways for parents' health to influence children's health and development, assessing the contribution of parents' psychosocial and health-related behavioural factors to children's outcomes. It considers four possible pathways for parental health to influence child health and development: 1) parental health-related behaviours which affect both parents' and children's health; 2) the ‘psychosocial pathway’; 3) the socioeconomic background playing a role in explaining both parents' mental and physical health; 4) the psychosocial environment or behaviours.Less
This chapter examines the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) for evidence on a number of alternate pathways for parents' health to influence children's health and development, assessing the contribution of parents' psychosocial and health-related behavioural factors to children's outcomes. It considers four possible pathways for parental health to influence child health and development: 1) parental health-related behaviours which affect both parents' and children's health; 2) the ‘psychosocial pathway’; 3) the socioeconomic background playing a role in explaining both parents' mental and physical health; 4) the psychosocial environment or behaviours.
Howard Frumkin, Robert Geller, I. Leslie Rubin, and Janice Nodvin (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195179477
- eISBN:
- 9780199864638
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179477.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
School is the child's workplace. Children spend many of their waking hours at school, in circumstances that are often suboptimal. There may be excessive crowding, poor indoor air quality, ...
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School is the child's workplace. Children spend many of their waking hours at school, in circumstances that are often suboptimal. There may be excessive crowding, poor indoor air quality, unsatisfactory lighting, or exposure to hazardous chemicals. Violence may threaten children's safety. Outside the school, the playground may be dangerous, and on the way to school, children may face risks, whether they walk, bicycle, or ride the bus. Safe and healthy schools offer many benefits. They protect children's health. They enhance learning. They are pleasant places to be. Finally, safe and healthy schools are often environmentally friendly schools, which use less energy, produce fewer pollutants, and model environmental responsibility for teachers and students. This book provides an overview of the school environment, from the perspective of environmental public health. It includes chapters on the physical environment (such factors as crowding, lighting, and noise), air quality within and outside the school, toxic exposures, nutrition and physical activity, violence and disasters, and transportation. It also includes chapters on management issues and on health services at schools.Less
School is the child's workplace. Children spend many of their waking hours at school, in circumstances that are often suboptimal. There may be excessive crowding, poor indoor air quality, unsatisfactory lighting, or exposure to hazardous chemicals. Violence may threaten children's safety. Outside the school, the playground may be dangerous, and on the way to school, children may face risks, whether they walk, bicycle, or ride the bus. Safe and healthy schools offer many benefits. They protect children's health. They enhance learning. They are pleasant places to be. Finally, safe and healthy schools are often environmentally friendly schools, which use less energy, produce fewer pollutants, and model environmental responsibility for teachers and students. This book provides an overview of the school environment, from the perspective of environmental public health. It includes chapters on the physical environment (such factors as crowding, lighting, and noise), air quality within and outside the school, toxic exposures, nutrition and physical activity, violence and disasters, and transportation. It also includes chapters on management issues and on health services at schools.
Felicity Savage King and Ann Burgess
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192622334
- eISBN:
- 9780191723643
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192622334.003.0017
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter focuses on severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) — now called severe acute malnutrition (SAM) — in children. It explains the cause and signs of the three type of PEM: marasmus, ...
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This chapter focuses on severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) — now called severe acute malnutrition (SAM) — in children. It explains the cause and signs of the three type of PEM: marasmus, kwashiorkor, and marasmic kwashiorkor. It discusses the dangers of PEM, management of severe malnutrition in children, medical treatment, phases of recovery, and monitoring recovery. Note that there are now new guidelines on the management of SAM.Less
This chapter focuses on severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) — now called severe acute malnutrition (SAM) — in children. It explains the cause and signs of the three type of PEM: marasmus, kwashiorkor, and marasmic kwashiorkor. It discusses the dangers of PEM, management of severe malnutrition in children, medical treatment, phases of recovery, and monitoring recovery. Note that there are now new guidelines on the management of SAM.
Linda C. Fentiman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780814724828
- eISBN:
- 9780814770290
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814724828.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
In the past several decades, medicine, the media, and popular culture have focused on mothers as the primary source of health risk for their children, even though American children are healthier than ...
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In the past several decades, medicine, the media, and popular culture have focused on mothers as the primary source of health risk for their children, even though American children are healthier than ever. The American legal system both reflects and reinforces this conception of risk. This book explores how this occurs by looking at unconscious psychological processes, including the ways in which we perceive risk, which shape the actions of key legal decisionmakers, including prosecutors, judges, and jurors. These psychological processes inevitably distort the way that ostensibly neutral legal principles are applied in ways that are biased against mothers. The book shows how assertions that mothers and mothers-to-be have “risked” their children’s health play out in practice. Pregnant women, women who do or do not breastfeed, and mothers whose children are injured or killed by the mother’s abusive male partner end up facing civil lawsuits and criminal prosecution. The book also illustrates how America’s resistance to the precautionary principle has led to an epidemic of children poisoned by lead. Vaccination is the only area in which parents are permitted to opt out of medically recommended health care for their children. The book explores the role of “choice” in children’s health and how it is applied unevenly to mothers and others, including manufacturers of toxic products. The book ends with recommendations for real improvement in children’s health.Less
In the past several decades, medicine, the media, and popular culture have focused on mothers as the primary source of health risk for their children, even though American children are healthier than ever. The American legal system both reflects and reinforces this conception of risk. This book explores how this occurs by looking at unconscious psychological processes, including the ways in which we perceive risk, which shape the actions of key legal decisionmakers, including prosecutors, judges, and jurors. These psychological processes inevitably distort the way that ostensibly neutral legal principles are applied in ways that are biased against mothers. The book shows how assertions that mothers and mothers-to-be have “risked” their children’s health play out in practice. Pregnant women, women who do or do not breastfeed, and mothers whose children are injured or killed by the mother’s abusive male partner end up facing civil lawsuits and criminal prosecution. The book also illustrates how America’s resistance to the precautionary principle has led to an epidemic of children poisoned by lead. Vaccination is the only area in which parents are permitted to opt out of medically recommended health care for their children. The book explores the role of “choice” in children’s health and how it is applied unevenly to mothers and others, including manufacturers of toxic products. The book ends with recommendations for real improvement in children’s health.
Linda C. Fentiman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780814724828
- eISBN:
- 9780814770290
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814724828.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This chapter challenges the prevailing narrative that mothers are risky to their children’s health, discussing the myriad ways in which mothers are portrayed as dangerous to their children’s ...
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This chapter challenges the prevailing narrative that mothers are risky to their children’s health, discussing the myriad ways in which mothers are portrayed as dangerous to their children’s health—and are often held legally responsible for it. This often occurs simultaneously with society’s failure to acknowledge the significant contributions to children’s health made by fathers and other men, as well as more distant, but equally significant, social, economic, and physical factors. The chapter introduces the role of unconscious psychological processes in influencing the decisions of key legal players.Less
This chapter challenges the prevailing narrative that mothers are risky to their children’s health, discussing the myriad ways in which mothers are portrayed as dangerous to their children’s health—and are often held legally responsible for it. This often occurs simultaneously with society’s failure to acknowledge the significant contributions to children’s health made by fathers and other men, as well as more distant, but equally significant, social, economic, and physical factors. The chapter introduces the role of unconscious psychological processes in influencing the decisions of key legal players.
Nicky Stanley, Bridget Penhale, Denise Riordan, Rosaline S. Barbour, and Sue Holden
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861344274
- eISBN:
- 9781447301707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861344274.003.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter explores theoretical work and research on mothers' mental health and its impact on children. It examines the ways in which the mental health needs of mothers are conceptualised within ...
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This chapter explores theoretical work and research on mothers' mental health and its impact on children. It examines the ways in which the mental health needs of mothers are conceptualised within health and social care. Mothering is simultaneously identified as a prime site of origin for women's mental health problems and a key determinant of children's mental health. While the successful exercise of parenting skills and the intimate relationships that mothers experience with their children can be a source of satisfaction and pride, in the context of mothers with mental health needs, research has tended to focus on adverse outcomes. Positive outcomes for parents with mental health problems and their children are rarely noted.Less
This chapter explores theoretical work and research on mothers' mental health and its impact on children. It examines the ways in which the mental health needs of mothers are conceptualised within health and social care. Mothering is simultaneously identified as a prime site of origin for women's mental health problems and a key determinant of children's mental health. While the successful exercise of parenting skills and the intimate relationships that mothers experience with their children can be a source of satisfaction and pride, in the context of mothers with mental health needs, research has tended to focus on adverse outcomes. Positive outcomes for parents with mental health problems and their children are rarely noted.