Susan K. Jacobson, Mallory D. McDuff, and Martha C. Monroe
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198567714
- eISBN:
- 9780191718311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567714.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
The road to behavior change is paved with many theories. The disciplines of education, sociology, and psychology provide frameworks and models that can be used to influence people's ...
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The road to behavior change is paved with many theories. The disciplines of education, sociology, and psychology provide frameworks and models that can be used to influence people's conservation-related behaviors. This chapter reviews ten of the most commonly used theories in conservation program development and research. Some are designed to influence how people learn information and skills to become responsible citizens, while others explore ways to orchestrate changes in specific behaviors. Both types of theories play important roles in the development of conservation education and outreach programs.Less
The road to behavior change is paved with many theories. The disciplines of education, sociology, and psychology provide frameworks and models that can be used to influence people's conservation-related behaviors. This chapter reviews ten of the most commonly used theories in conservation program development and research. Some are designed to influence how people learn information and skills to become responsible citizens, while others explore ways to orchestrate changes in specific behaviors. Both types of theories play important roles in the development of conservation education and outreach programs.
Leslie R. Martin, Kelly B. Haskard-Zolnierek, and M. Robin DiMatteo
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195380408
- eISBN:
- 9780199864454
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380408.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter reviews theoretical models that have guided thinking and research on health behavior change, providing a historical perspective on major developments in the field. Included in this ...
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This chapter reviews theoretical models that have guided thinking and research on health behavior change, providing a historical perspective on major developments in the field. Included in this overview are the Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Transtheoretical Model of Change, Social-Cognitive Models, Precaution-Adoption Process Model, and the Information–Motivation–Strategy Model. The contexts in which these models have been tested, along with their effectiveness as demonstrated by the empirical literature, are described. Examples for practical application are also provided, as are caveats and information about contexts in which these models (or portions thereof) are not well supported.Less
This chapter reviews theoretical models that have guided thinking and research on health behavior change, providing a historical perspective on major developments in the field. Included in this overview are the Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Transtheoretical Model of Change, Social-Cognitive Models, Precaution-Adoption Process Model, and the Information–Motivation–Strategy Model. The contexts in which these models have been tested, along with their effectiveness as demonstrated by the empirical literature, are described. Examples for practical application are also provided, as are caveats and information about contexts in which these models (or portions thereof) are not well supported.
Leslie Martin, Kelly Haskard-Zolnierek, and M. Robin DiMatteo
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195380408
- eISBN:
- 9780199864454
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380408.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Each year, millions of people resolve to take better care of their health and almost a billion medical visits take place. Yet as many as half of these visits result in patient nonadherence, and most ...
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Each year, millions of people resolve to take better care of their health and almost a billion medical visits take place. Yet as many as half of these visits result in patient nonadherence, and most people who successfully begin necessary health behavior changes fail to maintain them. Healthcare professionals often struggle to provide their patients with the tools necessary for successful maintenance of healthy behavior. This book synthesizes the results from an overwhelming number of empirical research articles on adherence and health behavior change, providing simple, powerful, and practical guidance for health professionals. A set of effective evidence-based strategies for putting long-term health-relevant behavioral changes into practice includes the straightforward 3-ingredient Information–Motivation–Strategy model that has been supported by decades of outcomes research. In order to change, individuals must (1) know what change is necessary information; (2) desire the change (motivation); and then (3) have the tools to achieve and maintain the change (strategy). Numerous clinical examples illustrate the important practice principles offered. Health Behavior Change and Treatment Adherence brings together major research findings in a succinct, readable, practical, and usable format for making real changes. It is written for a wide variety of practitioners and students including those in medicine, chiropractic, osteopathy, nursing, health education, physician assistant programs, dentistry, clinical and health psychology, marriage and family counseling, social work, school psychology, and care administration. This book is also for anyone who wishes to take an active role in their health.Less
Each year, millions of people resolve to take better care of their health and almost a billion medical visits take place. Yet as many as half of these visits result in patient nonadherence, and most people who successfully begin necessary health behavior changes fail to maintain them. Healthcare professionals often struggle to provide their patients with the tools necessary for successful maintenance of healthy behavior. This book synthesizes the results from an overwhelming number of empirical research articles on adherence and health behavior change, providing simple, powerful, and practical guidance for health professionals. A set of effective evidence-based strategies for putting long-term health-relevant behavioral changes into practice includes the straightforward 3-ingredient Information–Motivation–Strategy model that has been supported by decades of outcomes research. In order to change, individuals must (1) know what change is necessary information; (2) desire the change (motivation); and then (3) have the tools to achieve and maintain the change (strategy). Numerous clinical examples illustrate the important practice principles offered. Health Behavior Change and Treatment Adherence brings together major research findings in a succinct, readable, practical, and usable format for making real changes. It is written for a wide variety of practitioners and students including those in medicine, chiropractic, osteopathy, nursing, health education, physician assistant programs, dentistry, clinical and health psychology, marriage and family counseling, social work, school psychology, and care administration. This book is also for anyone who wishes to take an active role in their health.
Susan K. Jacobson, Mallory D. McDuff, and Martha C. Monroe
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198567714
- eISBN:
- 9780191718311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567714.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter reviews a number of marketing techniques that can help increase conservation-related behavior. Modeling, commitment, incentives, and feedback can be designed into a program to make a new ...
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This chapter reviews a number of marketing techniques that can help increase conservation-related behavior. Modeling, commitment, incentives, and feedback can be designed into a program to make a new behavior attractive, to build a social norm to favor the new behavior, and to generate a feeling of success. Signs, billboards, advertisements, press releases, and other techniques provide information and memory prompts for a target audience. Campaigns can include persuasive elements and strategies to build public support for change. Working with local leaders to identify behaviors and consider the incentives and motives that support or deter each behavior helps educators choose the most strategic behavior initially, and then design an effective combination of techniques. This chapter provides many examples of how a variety of techniques have been used and evaluated to achieve behavior change.Less
This chapter reviews a number of marketing techniques that can help increase conservation-related behavior. Modeling, commitment, incentives, and feedback can be designed into a program to make a new behavior attractive, to build a social norm to favor the new behavior, and to generate a feeling of success. Signs, billboards, advertisements, press releases, and other techniques provide information and memory prompts for a target audience. Campaigns can include persuasive elements and strategies to build public support for change. Working with local leaders to identify behaviors and consider the incentives and motives that support or deter each behavior helps educators choose the most strategic behavior initially, and then design an effective combination of techniques. This chapter provides many examples of how a variety of techniques have been used and evaluated to achieve behavior change.
Thomas W. Valente
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195301014
- eISBN:
- 9780199777051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301014.003.0011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology
This chapter describes how network data can be used to accelerate behavior change and/or improving organizational performance. Network interventions consist of behavior change programs that use ...
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This chapter describes how network data can be used to accelerate behavior change and/or improving organizational performance. Network interventions consist of behavior change programs that use social network data to identify specific people or groups to deliver and/or receive the behavior change program. Network interventions can take many different forms and have many different implementation considerations. Six classes of methods were reviewed: opinion leaders, groups, leaders matched to groups, snowball methods, re-wiring networks, and crossing network data with attributes. Many cautions are expressed about the importance of theory and ethnography to ensure the research team has sufficient knowledge of the community. The potential for network interventions to accelerate behavior change is great, but the application of these methods is likely to be challenging at first as both researchers and communities learn how best to apply networks and networking in the most effective ways. Examples from empirical studies are presented throughout.Less
This chapter describes how network data can be used to accelerate behavior change and/or improving organizational performance. Network interventions consist of behavior change programs that use social network data to identify specific people or groups to deliver and/or receive the behavior change program. Network interventions can take many different forms and have many different implementation considerations. Six classes of methods were reviewed: opinion leaders, groups, leaders matched to groups, snowball methods, re-wiring networks, and crossing network data with attributes. Many cautions are expressed about the importance of theory and ethnography to ensure the research team has sufficient knowledge of the community. The potential for network interventions to accelerate behavior change is great, but the application of these methods is likely to be challenging at first as both researchers and communities learn how best to apply networks and networking in the most effective ways. Examples from empirical studies are presented throughout.
Simone A. French
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199571512
- eISBN:
- 9780191595097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571512.003.0011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents an overview of the latest research on population-based interventions to promote healthful food choices. It begins by providing an overview of the theoretical models and ...
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This chapter presents an overview of the latest research on population-based interventions to promote healthful food choices. It begins by providing an overview of the theoretical models and conceptual and intervention issues. Intervention strategies are presented by specific settings: worksites, schools, and other community settings including government food programmes and policies that affect individuals and families. Cross-cutting strategies include individual and environmental-level interventions such as promotion, advertising, and media; food pricing; and availability. The chapter does not aim to present an exhaustive review of the literature. Rather, important ‘state of the science’ research theories and intervention strategies are presented, and illustrative studies are described that provide strong examples of a particular theoretical or methodological approach. The overall aim is to illustrate the most promising intervention strategies and conceptual models to date, and to define the next steps for developing the most effective research-based interventions to promote population-wide, healthful food choices and dietary intake.Less
This chapter presents an overview of the latest research on population-based interventions to promote healthful food choices. It begins by providing an overview of the theoretical models and conceptual and intervention issues. Intervention strategies are presented by specific settings: worksites, schools, and other community settings including government food programmes and policies that affect individuals and families. Cross-cutting strategies include individual and environmental-level interventions such as promotion, advertising, and media; food pricing; and availability. The chapter does not aim to present an exhaustive review of the literature. Rather, important ‘state of the science’ research theories and intervention strategies are presented, and illustrative studies are described that provide strong examples of a particular theoretical or methodological approach. The overall aim is to illustrate the most promising intervention strategies and conceptual models to date, and to define the next steps for developing the most effective research-based interventions to promote population-wide, healthful food choices and dietary intake.
Marc J. Roberts, William Hsiao, Peter Berman, and Michael R. Reich
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195371505
- eISBN:
- 9780199863839
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371505.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes methods for changing individual behavior through population-based interventions. The main concern is how behavior can be used to improve health-system performance and promote ...
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This chapter describes methods for changing individual behavior through population-based interventions. The main concern is how behavior can be used to improve health-system performance and promote public-health goals. The chapter begins by introducing the basic concepts of behavior change in relation to health-system performance. It then explores four categories of individual behavior that are important to that performance. It presents advice about how to achieve behavior change, through a discussion of the basic elements of social marketing. It concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of different behavior-change strategies in the context of health-sector reform.Less
This chapter describes methods for changing individual behavior through population-based interventions. The main concern is how behavior can be used to improve health-system performance and promote public-health goals. The chapter begins by introducing the basic concepts of behavior change in relation to health-system performance. It then explores four categories of individual behavior that are important to that performance. It presents advice about how to achieve behavior change, through a discussion of the basic elements of social marketing. It concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of different behavior-change strategies in the context of health-sector reform.
Jo Salmon and Abby C. King
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199571512
- eISBN:
- 9780191595097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571512.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter presents a selected overview of the latest evidence for population approaches for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in different population segments (e.g., ...
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This chapter presents a selected overview of the latest evidence for population approaches for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in different population segments (e.g., children, adolescents, young adults, mid-life adults, and older adults). It considers this evidence within a social ecological context. Emerging issues and directions in the field are also presented.Less
This chapter presents a selected overview of the latest evidence for population approaches for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in different population segments (e.g., children, adolescents, young adults, mid-life adults, and older adults). It considers this evidence within a social ecological context. Emerging issues and directions in the field are also presented.
Thomas W. Valente
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195301014
- eISBN:
- 9780199777051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301014.003.0010
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology
This chapter reviews diffusion of innovations theory which has been the theory that has used network principles and perspectives most extensively. An introduction to the theory and a review of its ...
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This chapter reviews diffusion of innovations theory which has been the theory that has used network principles and perspectives most extensively. An introduction to the theory and a review of its principles is provided. The chapter then reviewed the 4 major classes of diffusion models (1) integration/opinion leadership, (2) structural models, (3) critical levels, and (4) dynamic models. All four models explicitly account for network diffusion dynamics, but vary in their mathematical rigor and complexity. The chapter also introduced the calculation of infectiousness and susceptibility which dynamically account for adoption behavior and in-degree and out-degree, respectively. Empirical data illustrating network exposure effects are presented as well as the calculation and interpretation of network thresholds. The chapter closes with a brief critique of the theory.Less
This chapter reviews diffusion of innovations theory which has been the theory that has used network principles and perspectives most extensively. An introduction to the theory and a review of its principles is provided. The chapter then reviewed the 4 major classes of diffusion models (1) integration/opinion leadership, (2) structural models, (3) critical levels, and (4) dynamic models. All four models explicitly account for network diffusion dynamics, but vary in their mathematical rigor and complexity. The chapter also introduced the calculation of infectiousness and susceptibility which dynamically account for adoption behavior and in-degree and out-degree, respectively. Empirical data illustrating network exposure effects are presented as well as the calculation and interpretation of network thresholds. The chapter closes with a brief critique of the theory.
Thomas W. Valente
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195301014
- eISBN:
- 9780199777051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301014.003.0012
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology
This summary chapter reviews the models, methods, and applications that have been presented throughout the book. Network concepts have focused the research attention of many scientists and produced a ...
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This summary chapter reviews the models, methods, and applications that have been presented throughout the book. Network concepts have focused the research attention of many scientists and produced a rich body of research. In public health, virtually all chronic and infectious diseases are affected by networks and can profitably be studied using network tools. This summary chapter reiterates these points and provides some small empirical example which the reader can use to get started in this new, exciting and growing field. A glossary and long bibliography are provided.Less
This summary chapter reviews the models, methods, and applications that have been presented throughout the book. Network concepts have focused the research attention of many scientists and produced a rich body of research. In public health, virtually all chronic and infectious diseases are affected by networks and can profitably be studied using network tools. This summary chapter reiterates these points and provides some small empirical example which the reader can use to get started in this new, exciting and growing field. A glossary and long bibliography are provided.
Thomas W. Valente
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195301014
- eISBN:
- 9780199777051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301014.003.0002
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology
Chapter two provides a brief introduction to the history of social network analysis research and notes that network research development was delayed in part by an over-emphasis on inferential ...
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Chapter two provides a brief introduction to the history of social network analysis research and notes that network research development was delayed in part by an over-emphasis on inferential statistics within the social science community. The chapter then reviews how major behavioral science theories have used social network concepts. The chapter closes with a brief literature review section on the public health and medical applications of network analysis. Studies of HIV/STD, substance use, family planning and contraceptive use, social support, and inter-organizational relations have all figured prominently in the past few decades.Less
Chapter two provides a brief introduction to the history of social network analysis research and notes that network research development was delayed in part by an over-emphasis on inferential statistics within the social science community. The chapter then reviews how major behavioral science theories have used social network concepts. The chapter closes with a brief literature review section on the public health and medical applications of network analysis. Studies of HIV/STD, substance use, family planning and contraceptive use, social support, and inter-organizational relations have all figured prominently in the past few decades.
Peter M. Gollwitzer, Caterina Gawrilow, and Gabriele Oettingen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195391381
- eISBN:
- 9780199776894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195391381.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology
As highlighted by Kurt Lewin, goal attainment is not yet secured solely by forming strong commitments to highly desirable and feasible goals. There is always the subsequent issue of implementing a ...
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As highlighted by Kurt Lewin, goal attainment is not yet secured solely by forming strong commitments to highly desirable and feasible goals. There is always the subsequent issue of implementing a set goal, and one wonders what people can do to enhance their chances of being successful at this second phase of goal pursuit. A promising answer seems to be the following: People may plan out in advance how they want to solve the problems of goal implementation. But what are these problems? There are at least four problems that stand out. These problems include getting started with goal striving, staying on track, calling a halt, and not overextending oneself. We will describe research showing that making if–then plans (i.e., form implementation intentions) on how to deal with these problems indeed facilitates solving the crucial problems of goal implementation. Thereafter, we will ask whether implementation intentions foster goal attainment even under conditions that are commonly viewed as not amenable to self-regulation attempts, such as succeeding on an intelligence test or overcoming spider phobia. Finally, we will report research showing that implementation intentions can even foster goal-striving in those samples (e.g., children with ADHD) that are known to suffer from impaired action control.Less
As highlighted by Kurt Lewin, goal attainment is not yet secured solely by forming strong commitments to highly desirable and feasible goals. There is always the subsequent issue of implementing a set goal, and one wonders what people can do to enhance their chances of being successful at this second phase of goal pursuit. A promising answer seems to be the following: People may plan out in advance how they want to solve the problems of goal implementation. But what are these problems? There are at least four problems that stand out. These problems include getting started with goal striving, staying on track, calling a halt, and not overextending oneself. We will describe research showing that making if–then plans (i.e., form implementation intentions) on how to deal with these problems indeed facilitates solving the crucial problems of goal implementation. Thereafter, we will ask whether implementation intentions foster goal attainment even under conditions that are commonly viewed as not amenable to self-regulation attempts, such as succeeding on an intelligence test or overcoming spider phobia. Finally, we will report research showing that implementation intentions can even foster goal-striving in those samples (e.g., children with ADHD) that are known to suffer from impaired action control.
Thomas W. Valente
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195301014
- eISBN:
- 9780199777051
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301014.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Epidemiology
Social Networks and Health provides a comprehensive introduction to how social networks influence health behaviors. Section one provides an introduction to major research themes and perspectives ...
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Social Networks and Health provides a comprehensive introduction to how social networks influence health behaviors. Section one provides an introduction to major research themes and perspectives used to understand how networks form, evolve, and channel the spread of ideas and behaviors. An intellectual history of the field is provided as well as conjectures on why network science took so long to develop. Methodologies for studying networks and assessing personal network data are discussed. Section two covers algorithms and applications of the most common network metrics divided into four chapters: centrality, groups, positions, and network level. For each chapter, descriptions of how the metrics are calculated and how they influence health behavior are presented. Section three reviews applications of social network analysis to health behaviors. The actor-oriented stochastic evolution model is presented first which provides a way to statistically test network evolution properties. Diffusion of innovations models are presented next which describe how networks influence the spread of ideas and practices within and between communities. Network interventions are also presented and a typology describing network interventions and evidence from empirical studies presented. This book enables researchers to understand how network data are collected and processed; and how to calculate appropriate metrics and models used to understand network influences on health behavior. Simple examples and data are presented throughout so researchers can adopt this methodology and perspective in their own investigations. Examples of health behaviors include smoking, substance use, contraception, HIV/AIDS, obesity, and many others.Less
Social Networks and Health provides a comprehensive introduction to how social networks influence health behaviors. Section one provides an introduction to major research themes and perspectives used to understand how networks form, evolve, and channel the spread of ideas and behaviors. An intellectual history of the field is provided as well as conjectures on why network science took so long to develop. Methodologies for studying networks and assessing personal network data are discussed. Section two covers algorithms and applications of the most common network metrics divided into four chapters: centrality, groups, positions, and network level. For each chapter, descriptions of how the metrics are calculated and how they influence health behavior are presented. Section three reviews applications of social network analysis to health behaviors. The actor-oriented stochastic evolution model is presented first which provides a way to statistically test network evolution properties. Diffusion of innovations models are presented next which describe how networks influence the spread of ideas and practices within and between communities. Network interventions are also presented and a typology describing network interventions and evidence from empirical studies presented. This book enables researchers to understand how network data are collected and processed; and how to calculate appropriate metrics and models used to understand network influences on health behavior. Simple examples and data are presented throughout so researchers can adopt this methodology and perspective in their own investigations. Examples of health behaviors include smoking, substance use, contraception, HIV/AIDS, obesity, and many others.
Natalie Porter
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226648804
- eISBN:
- 9780226649139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226649139.003.0008
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This chapter examines endemic-phase experiments centered on information communications. It shows how behavior change communications campaigns imagine and create desires for different futures by using ...
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This chapter examines endemic-phase experiments centered on information communications. It shows how behavior change communications campaigns imagine and create desires for different futures by using social marketing techniques to “sell” healthy behaviors to citizens as health consumers. While this choice-based approach to health provision seems incompatible with a Vietnamese governing system centered on compulsory state directives, ethnographic observations show how health and development workers unite these distinct governing practices in inventive ways. By juxtaposing bird flu communications with critical readings of propaganda posters from Vietnam’s revolutionary era, the chapter argues that bird flu commercials, jingles, slogans, and merchandise draw on long-standing socialist mass mobilization devices to establish a market in healthy behaviors. Symbols of family responsibility, state stewardship, and livestock care, which the government has long used to discipline populations, find ideological purchase in this experiment. I further argue that behavior change communications expose a shift in Vietnam’s health governance, from governing self-responsible citizens in the Communist era, to governing self-responsible consumers in the market socialist era. Taken together, this analysis illustrates the everyday practices through which the Vietnamese state interacts with global health orders, and it shows the locally specific intersection of health and economic logics in One Health.Less
This chapter examines endemic-phase experiments centered on information communications. It shows how behavior change communications campaigns imagine and create desires for different futures by using social marketing techniques to “sell” healthy behaviors to citizens as health consumers. While this choice-based approach to health provision seems incompatible with a Vietnamese governing system centered on compulsory state directives, ethnographic observations show how health and development workers unite these distinct governing practices in inventive ways. By juxtaposing bird flu communications with critical readings of propaganda posters from Vietnam’s revolutionary era, the chapter argues that bird flu commercials, jingles, slogans, and merchandise draw on long-standing socialist mass mobilization devices to establish a market in healthy behaviors. Symbols of family responsibility, state stewardship, and livestock care, which the government has long used to discipline populations, find ideological purchase in this experiment. I further argue that behavior change communications expose a shift in Vietnam’s health governance, from governing self-responsible citizens in the Communist era, to governing self-responsible consumers in the market socialist era. Taken together, this analysis illustrates the everyday practices through which the Vietnamese state interacts with global health orders, and it shows the locally specific intersection of health and economic logics in One Health.
Joel A. Dvoskin, Jennifer L. Skeem, Raymond W. Novaco, and Kevin S. Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195384642
- eISBN:
- 9780199914609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384642.003.0069
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
Protecting public safety is the overarching goal of imprisonment and, indeed, the entire criminal justice system. Although reasonable experts will disagree about the optimal pathway (e.g., ...
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Protecting public safety is the overarching goal of imprisonment and, indeed, the entire criminal justice system. Although reasonable experts will disagree about the optimal pathway (e.g., deterrence, treatment, or retribution), there can be little argument that the ultimate goal is to make our communities safer. Using this simple yardstick, the current response to crime is failing, in large part because it ignores what the social sciences have learned about why people behave as they do and how to change behavior for the better. The criminal justice system would look quite different, if it were guided by psychological knowledge about behavior change. This chapter outlines key principles of behavior change, many of which overlap with the content covered throughout this book. Next, the chapter summarizes how these principles could be applied to make key changes to our criminal justice system. It concludes by arguing that we cannot afford not to implement these principles as soon as possible.Less
Protecting public safety is the overarching goal of imprisonment and, indeed, the entire criminal justice system. Although reasonable experts will disagree about the optimal pathway (e.g., deterrence, treatment, or retribution), there can be little argument that the ultimate goal is to make our communities safer. Using this simple yardstick, the current response to crime is failing, in large part because it ignores what the social sciences have learned about why people behave as they do and how to change behavior for the better. The criminal justice system would look quite different, if it were guided by psychological knowledge about behavior change. This chapter outlines key principles of behavior change, many of which overlap with the content covered throughout this book. Next, the chapter summarizes how these principles could be applied to make key changes to our criminal justice system. It concludes by arguing that we cannot afford not to implement these principles as soon as possible.
Alison Blenkinsopp, Rhona Panton, and Claire Anderson
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192630445
- eISBN:
- 9780191723575
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192630445.003.0004
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter explores the reasons why people pursue unhealthy behaviours. It then presents a model for behaviour change that pharmacists can use in their daily practice and provides an introduction ...
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This chapter explores the reasons why people pursue unhealthy behaviours. It then presents a model for behaviour change that pharmacists can use in their daily practice and provides an introduction to the necessary communication skills. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM), more commonly known as “Stages of Change”, has become widely used in recent years. The model draws on theories from psychotherapy to explain variations in people's response to advice about changing behaviour, and sets out a framework for tailoring advice to individuals.Less
This chapter explores the reasons why people pursue unhealthy behaviours. It then presents a model for behaviour change that pharmacists can use in their daily practice and provides an introduction to the necessary communication skills. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM), more commonly known as “Stages of Change”, has become widely used in recent years. The model draws on theories from psychotherapy to explain variations in people's response to advice about changing behaviour, and sets out a framework for tailoring advice to individuals.
Stewart Barr and John Preston
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447329558
- eISBN:
- 9781447329602
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447329558.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
As travel planning’s theoretical underpinnings have broadened from engineering and economics to embrace psychology and sociology, an emphasis has been placed on social marketing and nudge theory. It ...
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As travel planning’s theoretical underpinnings have broadened from engineering and economics to embrace psychology and sociology, an emphasis has been placed on social marketing and nudge theory. It is argued that this is consistent with a neo-liberal trend towards governing from a distance. Using two case studies, one a qualitative study of reducing short-haul air travel, the other a quantitative study of attempts to reduce local car travel, it is found that actual behaviour change is limited. This seems to arise because behavioural change has been too narrowly defined and overly identified with personal choice.Less
As travel planning’s theoretical underpinnings have broadened from engineering and economics to embrace psychology and sociology, an emphasis has been placed on social marketing and nudge theory. It is argued that this is consistent with a neo-liberal trend towards governing from a distance. Using two case studies, one a qualitative study of reducing short-haul air travel, the other a quantitative study of attempts to reduce local car travel, it is found that actual behaviour change is limited. This seems to arise because behavioural change has been too narrowly defined and overly identified with personal choice.
Suzanne Keen
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195175769
- eISBN:
- 9780199851232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175769.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter examines several kinds of evidence about reactions to reading a novel based on a study conducted by Wayne Booth which surveyed readers of different ages and backgrounds about the novels ...
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This chapter examines several kinds of evidence about reactions to reading a novel based on a study conducted by Wayne Booth which surveyed readers of different ages and backgrounds about the novels that had led them to make a change in their behavior or beliefs. It discusses readers' experiences related to narrative empathy and explains a set of working hypotheses about the qualities of novels that evoke empathy in readers. It also analyzes the result of empirical studies concerning the effects of reading and discusses ideas about readers' empathy.Less
This chapter examines several kinds of evidence about reactions to reading a novel based on a study conducted by Wayne Booth which surveyed readers of different ages and backgrounds about the novels that had led them to make a change in their behavior or beliefs. It discusses readers' experiences related to narrative empathy and explains a set of working hypotheses about the qualities of novels that evoke empathy in readers. It also analyzes the result of empirical studies concerning the effects of reading and discusses ideas about readers' empathy.
David A. Cleveland
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520277410
- eISBN:
- 9780520957084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520277410.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
Agrifood systems divert resources from biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon and nitrogen cycles) to produce food, with major negative effects, including global warming. Global warming is changing ...
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Agrifood systems divert resources from biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon and nitrogen cycles) to produce food, with major negative effects, including global warming. Global warming is changing water distribution and temperatures that will have mostly negative effects on agrifood systems. Changes in the agrifood systems could make major contributions to decreasing greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., sequestering soil carbon with organic fertilizers and reducing tillage; reducing fossil fuel use; reducing food waste; and reducing animal, processed, and imported foods in diets). These changes will require changed assumptions and behaviors, but could also have major synergistic effects. For example, in addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, changing diets could improve health, reduce medical costs, reduce water consumption, and free large areas of land devoted to animal food production.Less
Agrifood systems divert resources from biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon and nitrogen cycles) to produce food, with major negative effects, including global warming. Global warming is changing water distribution and temperatures that will have mostly negative effects on agrifood systems. Changes in the agrifood systems could make major contributions to decreasing greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., sequestering soil carbon with organic fertilizers and reducing tillage; reducing fossil fuel use; reducing food waste; and reducing animal, processed, and imported foods in diets). These changes will require changed assumptions and behaviors, but could also have major synergistic effects. For example, in addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, changing diets could improve health, reduce medical costs, reduce water consumption, and free large areas of land devoted to animal food production.
Rebecca Askew, Sarah Cotterill, and Stephen Greasley
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422170
- eISBN:
- 9781447301677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422170.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter reviews behaviour-change policy. The label ‘behaviour change’ has been adopted in the policy literature for a collection of interventions that are based primarily on persuasive ...
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This chapter reviews behaviour-change policy. The label ‘behaviour change’ has been adopted in the policy literature for a collection of interventions that are based primarily on persuasive mechanisms. The chapter also demonstrates the experience of participants in four local behaviour-change projects to explore the implications of the projects for citizen–governance relations on the ground. The projects address various behavioural issues from fairly minor shifts in recycling behaviour all the way to engaging substance users with chaotic lives. As with all government intervention, behaviour-change policies operate in a context of resource constraints, competing demands, dispersed authority, and differing views. Flexibility and tailoring can be challenging and costly. It is therefore commendable that the local authorities in these four examples have made efforts to develop innovative strategies to allow services to adapt better to citizens' needs.Less
This chapter reviews behaviour-change policy. The label ‘behaviour change’ has been adopted in the policy literature for a collection of interventions that are based primarily on persuasive mechanisms. The chapter also demonstrates the experience of participants in four local behaviour-change projects to explore the implications of the projects for citizen–governance relations on the ground. The projects address various behavioural issues from fairly minor shifts in recycling behaviour all the way to engaging substance users with chaotic lives. As with all government intervention, behaviour-change policies operate in a context of resource constraints, competing demands, dispersed authority, and differing views. Flexibility and tailoring can be challenging and costly. It is therefore commendable that the local authorities in these four examples have made efforts to develop innovative strategies to allow services to adapt better to citizens' needs.
