Alison Sheridan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264140
- eISBN:
- 9780191734489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264140.003.0023
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This chapter highlights the considerable and growing body of evidence for Neolithic activity, reliably dated to between c. 3950/3900 and 3700 cal bc in northern Britain (especially Scotland), which ...
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This chapter highlights the considerable and growing body of evidence for Neolithic activity, reliably dated to between c. 3950/3900 and 3700 cal bc in northern Britain (especially Scotland), which is associated with the use of pottery in the ‘Carinated Bowl’ ceramic tradition. The distribution of this type of pottery extends far beyond the area under review, to encompass much of Britain and much of Ireland. It is argued that the appearance of the Carinated Bowl-associated Neolithic package (and indeed that of other strands of Neolithization) is best explained in terms of the arrival of small farming groups from the Continent. An acculturationist, gradualist position on the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition simply fails to account for the evidence to hand. And even though many writers have highlighted the difficulties of pinpointing an area of origin for our hypothetical Continental ‘Carinated Bowl settlers’, it is argued that the search is neither fruitless nor hopeless.Less
This chapter highlights the considerable and growing body of evidence for Neolithic activity, reliably dated to between c. 3950/3900 and 3700 cal bc in northern Britain (especially Scotland), which is associated with the use of pottery in the ‘Carinated Bowl’ ceramic tradition. The distribution of this type of pottery extends far beyond the area under review, to encompass much of Britain and much of Ireland. It is argued that the appearance of the Carinated Bowl-associated Neolithic package (and indeed that of other strands of Neolithization) is best explained in terms of the arrival of small farming groups from the Continent. An acculturationist, gradualist position on the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition simply fails to account for the evidence to hand. And even though many writers have highlighted the difficulties of pinpointing an area of origin for our hypothetical Continental ‘Carinated Bowl settlers’, it is argued that the search is neither fruitless nor hopeless.
VIVIEN G. SWAN
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264027
- eISBN:
- 9780191734908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
In the Dichin (north central Bulgaria) store-buildings destroyed in about the 480s, the large quantities of imported Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea amphorae typify late Roman military supply ...
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In the Dichin (north central Bulgaria) store-buildings destroyed in about the 480s, the large quantities of imported Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea amphorae typify late Roman military supply (annona) to the forts of the lower Danube limes. A dearth of amphorae at Dichin for most of the sixth century is linked ultimately to alterations in trading patterns in the Mediterranean as a whole. A slight increase in amphorae shortly before the final destruction of c.580 reflects a significant recasting of supply sources. The few imported red-slipped wares are mostly late fifth century and of Pontic origin. During the sixth century, modifications in the local coarse pottery reflect cultural changes in the region — the decline of Romanized eating practices and the impact of the barbarian social traditions. The wider significance of ‘foederati ware’ for the Germanic settlement of the region and its influence on the technology of indigenous ceramics production are also explored.Less
In the Dichin (north central Bulgaria) store-buildings destroyed in about the 480s, the large quantities of imported Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea amphorae typify late Roman military supply (annona) to the forts of the lower Danube limes. A dearth of amphorae at Dichin for most of the sixth century is linked ultimately to alterations in trading patterns in the Mediterranean as a whole. A slight increase in amphorae shortly before the final destruction of c.580 reflects a significant recasting of supply sources. The few imported red-slipped wares are mostly late fifth century and of Pontic origin. During the sixth century, modifications in the local coarse pottery reflect cultural changes in the region — the decline of Romanized eating practices and the impact of the barbarian social traditions. The wider significance of ‘foederati ware’ for the Germanic settlement of the region and its influence on the technology of indigenous ceramics production are also explored.
Yumi Park Huntington, Dean E. Arnold, and Johanna Minich (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056067
- eISBN:
- 9780813053820
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056067.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
Ceramics of Ancient America analyzes ceramics specifically from ancient America to add new layers to our understanding by emphasizing new perspectives and a multidisciplinary approach from the fields ...
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Ceramics of Ancient America analyzes ceramics specifically from ancient America to add new layers to our understanding by emphasizing new perspectives and a multidisciplinary approach from the fields of archaeology, art history, and anthropology. Scholars have studied ceramic objects in these disciplines using various methodologies. So far, however, no publication has combined these different scholarly approaches to analyze Pre-Columbian ceramics to understand aspects of many different ancient societies across the Americas. This book thus will provide a much-needed compendium, survey, and synthesis of current scholarship of New World ceramics by drawing on a combination of three different disciplines. This volume will help students and scholars alike better understand and appreciate ceramics as one of the vital forms of communication within small social units, and across cultural and political boundaries. Although three different disciplines have approached the study of ceramics using different methodologies, this book will be the first to utilize them in a cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary way to contribute to a more complete picture of Pre-Columbian ceramics and their place in society. The study of ceramics has already been recognized as a fundamental tool for understanding Pre-Columbian beliefs about daily life, reconstructing social systems, and assessing inter- and intra- cultural political relationships. The contributors to this book, however, explore social implications, iconography, trade, variations of regional style, innovation, ritual, and political meanings from numerous cultures in North, Central, and South America that are relevant to the study of ceramics anywhere, but particularly in ancient America.Less
Ceramics of Ancient America analyzes ceramics specifically from ancient America to add new layers to our understanding by emphasizing new perspectives and a multidisciplinary approach from the fields of archaeology, art history, and anthropology. Scholars have studied ceramic objects in these disciplines using various methodologies. So far, however, no publication has combined these different scholarly approaches to analyze Pre-Columbian ceramics to understand aspects of many different ancient societies across the Americas. This book thus will provide a much-needed compendium, survey, and synthesis of current scholarship of New World ceramics by drawing on a combination of three different disciplines. This volume will help students and scholars alike better understand and appreciate ceramics as one of the vital forms of communication within small social units, and across cultural and political boundaries. Although three different disciplines have approached the study of ceramics using different methodologies, this book will be the first to utilize them in a cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary way to contribute to a more complete picture of Pre-Columbian ceramics and their place in society. The study of ceramics has already been recognized as a fundamental tool for understanding Pre-Columbian beliefs about daily life, reconstructing social systems, and assessing inter- and intra- cultural political relationships. The contributors to this book, however, explore social implications, iconography, trade, variations of regional style, innovation, ritual, and political meanings from numerous cultures in North, Central, and South America that are relevant to the study of ceramics anywhere, but particularly in ancient America.
Wendy Faulkner, Jacqueline Senker, and LÉa Velho
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288336
- eISBN:
- 9780191684586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288336.003.0032
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology, Knowledge Management
This chapter focuses mainly on two fundamental studies. The basis for the material presented here remains on a study of industry-PSR linkage related to advanced engineering ceramics which concerns ...
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This chapter focuses mainly on two fundamental studies. The basis for the material presented here remains on a study of industry-PSR linkage related to advanced engineering ceramics which concerns twelve companies from the UK during 1990. Also, The chapter includes material from a 1993 study of the linkage between the university and the industry which concerns six ceramic companies from the US. It is important to note though that compared to the UK companies, the US counterparts appeared to lack knowledge of the government mechanisms used for fostering linkage and had no explicit policy for addressing issues on linkage. These factors are fundamental in determining the extent of linkage, and aid in providing information about the effects of having varied national policies in technology.Less
This chapter focuses mainly on two fundamental studies. The basis for the material presented here remains on a study of industry-PSR linkage related to advanced engineering ceramics which concerns twelve companies from the UK during 1990. Also, The chapter includes material from a 1993 study of the linkage between the university and the industry which concerns six ceramic companies from the US. It is important to note though that compared to the UK companies, the US counterparts appeared to lack knowledge of the government mechanisms used for fostering linkage and had no explicit policy for addressing issues on linkage. These factors are fundamental in determining the extent of linkage, and aid in providing information about the effects of having varied national policies in technology.
Michael Decker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199565283
- eISBN:
- 9780191721724
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565283.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
Chapter 8 details the trade in those products discussed above. As the conditions that rendered surplus production not only likely, but integral to the functioning of the late antique economy, the ...
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Chapter 8 details the trade in those products discussed above. As the conditions that rendered surplus production not only likely, but integral to the functioning of the late antique economy, the chapter turns to explore the scale and significance of that trade. Quantitative study based on ceramic finds is supplemented by textual sources that detail the sustained trade in grain, wine, and olive oil that flourished in overseas commerce and allowed large cities to sustain themselves.Less
Chapter 8 details the trade in those products discussed above. As the conditions that rendered surplus production not only likely, but integral to the functioning of the late antique economy, the chapter turns to explore the scale and significance of that trade. Quantitative study based on ceramic finds is supplemented by textual sources that detail the sustained trade in grain, wine, and olive oil that flourished in overseas commerce and allowed large cities to sustain themselves.
LAWRENCE BUTLER
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263938
- eISBN:
- 9780191734236
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263938.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
John Hurst made an important pioneering contribution in three separate but interrelated fields: medieval archaeology, post-medieval archaeology, and ceramic studies. Before his lifetime's devotion to ...
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John Hurst made an important pioneering contribution in three separate but interrelated fields: medieval archaeology, post-medieval archaeology, and ceramic studies. Before his lifetime's devotion to these three disciplines, they had not been taken seriously in Britain or Europe, either academically or professionally. Medieval archaeology was still the study of major buildings seen through the records of historians and anti-quarians, and of portable antiquities divorced from their context. Post-medieval archaeology was principally the study of industrial relics. Ceramic studies in the post-Roman period was the preserve of art collectors, anxious to understand the output of major factories and firms, though a few people collected medieval pottery as examples of folk art. It is a measure of Hurst's perceptiveness and persistence that all these three fields are now studied more widely and practised seriously.Less
John Hurst made an important pioneering contribution in three separate but interrelated fields: medieval archaeology, post-medieval archaeology, and ceramic studies. Before his lifetime's devotion to these three disciplines, they had not been taken seriously in Britain or Europe, either academically or professionally. Medieval archaeology was still the study of major buildings seen through the records of historians and anti-quarians, and of portable antiquities divorced from their context. Post-medieval archaeology was principally the study of industrial relics. Ceramic studies in the post-Roman period was the preserve of art collectors, anxious to understand the output of major factories and firms, though a few people collected medieval pottery as examples of folk art. It is a measure of Hurst's perceptiveness and persistence that all these three fields are now studied more widely and practised seriously.
Myriam Arcangeli
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780813060422
- eISBN:
- 9780813050652
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813060422.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
In historical archaeology, the concept of “ceramic culture” is a new approach to the analysis of material culture and the exploration of the past. By focusing on the users that handled archaeological ...
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In historical archaeology, the concept of “ceramic culture” is a new approach to the analysis of material culture and the exploration of the past. By focusing on the users that handled archaeological objects, this concept yields original insights into the functions of ceramics, in particular, but not exclusively, during the early modern period. In the case of Guadeloupe, it helps us to characterize domestic life in this part of the French colonial world as well as to trace important facets of the local Creole culture. In doing so, it brings to light topics that had not been explored previously in the traditional historiography of the French West Indies. This book demonstrates how easily this concept can be applied to an array of archaeological collections and provides, through its results, striking and original examples of what ceramics can reveal about the past.Less
In historical archaeology, the concept of “ceramic culture” is a new approach to the analysis of material culture and the exploration of the past. By focusing on the users that handled archaeological objects, this concept yields original insights into the functions of ceramics, in particular, but not exclusively, during the early modern period. In the case of Guadeloupe, it helps us to characterize domestic life in this part of the French colonial world as well as to trace important facets of the local Creole culture. In doing so, it brings to light topics that had not been explored previously in the traditional historiography of the French West Indies. This book demonstrates how easily this concept can be applied to an array of archaeological collections and provides, through its results, striking and original examples of what ceramics can reveal about the past.
Dean E. Arnold, Yumi Park Huntington, and Johanna Minich
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056067
- eISBN:
- 9780813053820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056067.003.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
Clay is the most malleable raw material used by many cultures across the world. Its fired product, ceramics, are commonly studied by archaeologists, art historians, and anthropologists. This ...
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Clay is the most malleable raw material used by many cultures across the world. Its fired product, ceramics, are commonly studied by archaeologists, art historians, and anthropologists. This introductory chapter describes the various perspectives and how these disciplines study the ceramics of ancient America and the cultures that produced them. Bringing together a variety of approaches and terminologies used by these three disciplines, this chapter reveals the complementarity of the differences of these varied approaches. Since ceramic objects constitute part of the history and identity of a specific group of people, it is also important to consider the archaeological ethics of studying Pre-Columbian ceramics, especially how archaeologists and art historians perform authentication and respect cultural heritage. Summarizing the unique properties of ceramics, the operational sequences of their production, and considerations of both human and material agency, the chapter also shows how recognizing various ceramic production sequences (chaîn opératoire) enables reconstruction of ancient societies through different disciplines. This multidisciplinary approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of ceramics than possible with any single discipline.Less
Clay is the most malleable raw material used by many cultures across the world. Its fired product, ceramics, are commonly studied by archaeologists, art historians, and anthropologists. This introductory chapter describes the various perspectives and how these disciplines study the ceramics of ancient America and the cultures that produced them. Bringing together a variety of approaches and terminologies used by these three disciplines, this chapter reveals the complementarity of the differences of these varied approaches. Since ceramic objects constitute part of the history and identity of a specific group of people, it is also important to consider the archaeological ethics of studying Pre-Columbian ceramics, especially how archaeologists and art historians perform authentication and respect cultural heritage. Summarizing the unique properties of ceramics, the operational sequences of their production, and considerations of both human and material agency, the chapter also shows how recognizing various ceramic production sequences (chaîn opératoire) enables reconstruction of ancient societies through different disciplines. This multidisciplinary approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of ceramics than possible with any single discipline.
Vinod K. Wadhawan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199229178
- eISBN:
- 9780191711282
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229178.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter goes into detail on the materials best suited for applications in, and as sensors and actuators in smart structures. The discussion is divided into ferroics, soft matter, and ...
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This chapter goes into detail on the materials best suited for applications in, and as sensors and actuators in smart structures. The discussion is divided into ferroics, soft matter, and nanostructures. The star performers among the ferroics are PZT, PMN-PT, PZN-PT, Terfenol-D, and Nitinol. Other single-phase materials discussed are magnetic shape-memory alloys, shape-memory ceramics, and piezoelectric polymers. The terms ‘superpiezoelectricity’ and ‘superelectrostriction’ are introduced by analogy with superelasticity. Among composites, the systems discussed are: embedded piezoelectrics, embedded magnetostrictives, and embedded shape-memory alloys. The concept of integrative systems has gained ground steadily, and MEMS are discussed in this context. Systems covered under sensors and actuators based on soft matter are gels, magnetorheological fluids, electrorheological fluids, shape-memory polymers, and artificial muscle. The development of fuel-powered artificial muscles holds great promise for rapid progress in the field of smart structures.Less
This chapter goes into detail on the materials best suited for applications in, and as sensors and actuators in smart structures. The discussion is divided into ferroics, soft matter, and nanostructures. The star performers among the ferroics are PZT, PMN-PT, PZN-PT, Terfenol-D, and Nitinol. Other single-phase materials discussed are magnetic shape-memory alloys, shape-memory ceramics, and piezoelectric polymers. The terms ‘superpiezoelectricity’ and ‘superelectrostriction’ are introduced by analogy with superelasticity. Among composites, the systems discussed are: embedded piezoelectrics, embedded magnetostrictives, and embedded shape-memory alloys. The concept of integrative systems has gained ground steadily, and MEMS are discussed in this context. Systems covered under sensors and actuators based on soft matter are gels, magnetorheological fluids, electrorheological fluids, shape-memory polymers, and artificial muscle. The development of fuel-powered artificial muscles holds great promise for rapid progress in the field of smart structures.
C. Julian Chen
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199211500
- eISBN:
- 9780191705991
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211500.003.0009
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter discusses the physical principle, design, and characterization of piezoelectric scanners, which is the heart of STM and AFM. The concept of piezoelectricity is introduced at the ...
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This chapter discusses the physical principle, design, and characterization of piezoelectric scanners, which is the heart of STM and AFM. The concept of piezoelectricity is introduced at the elementary level. Two major piezoelectric materials used in STM and AFM, quartz and lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZT), are described. After a brief discussion of the tripod scanner and the bimorph, much emphasis is on the most important scanner in STM and AFM: the tube scanner. A step-by-step derivation of the deflection formula is presented. The in-situ testing and calibration method based on pure electrical measurements is described. The formulas of the resonance frequencies are also presented. To compensate the non-linear behavior of the tube scanner, an improved design, the S-scanner, is described. Finally, a step-by-step procedure to repole a depoled piezo is presented.Less
This chapter discusses the physical principle, design, and characterization of piezoelectric scanners, which is the heart of STM and AFM. The concept of piezoelectricity is introduced at the elementary level. Two major piezoelectric materials used in STM and AFM, quartz and lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZT), are described. After a brief discussion of the tripod scanner and the bimorph, much emphasis is on the most important scanner in STM and AFM: the tube scanner. A step-by-step derivation of the deflection formula is presented. The in-situ testing and calibration method based on pure electrical measurements is described. The formulas of the resonance frequencies are also presented. To compensate the non-linear behavior of the tube scanner, an improved design, the S-scanner, is described. Finally, a step-by-step procedure to repole a depoled piezo is presented.
Wendy Faulkner and Jacqueline Senker
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288336
- eISBN:
- 9780191684586
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288336.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology, Knowledge Management
Fostering interaction between industry and academic and government laboratories is widely seen as an important means of facilitating growth and innovation in the technology-based industries. This ...
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Fostering interaction between industry and academic and government laboratories is widely seen as an important means of facilitating growth and innovation in the technology-based industries. This book investigates the research links and knowledge flows between industrial and public sector research in three new and promising fields of advanced technology — biotechnology, engineering ceramics, and parallel computing. Differences between these fields suggest that policies to promote public-private research links should be more effectively targeted. Similarities highlight the general importance to innovation of frontier research in universities, and the need to encourage informal interaction between industrial and public sector researchers.Less
Fostering interaction between industry and academic and government laboratories is widely seen as an important means of facilitating growth and innovation in the technology-based industries. This book investigates the research links and knowledge flows between industrial and public sector research in three new and promising fields of advanced technology — biotechnology, engineering ceramics, and parallel computing. Differences between these fields suggest that policies to promote public-private research links should be more effectively targeted. Similarities highlight the general importance to innovation of frontier research in universities, and the need to encourage informal interaction between industrial and public sector researchers.
Stephanie Wynne-Jones
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198759317
- eISBN:
- 9780191917042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198759317.003.0011
- Subject:
- Archaeology, African Archaeology
The identification of a cultural grouping termed ‘Swahili’ has long rested on the ability to discern a commonality of material and social environment across an ...
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The identification of a cultural grouping termed ‘Swahili’ has long rested on the ability to discern a commonality of material and social environment across an enormous region, aspects of which have been discussed in previous chapters. Clearly, the coast and offshore islands of eastern Africa have been interconnected to a significant degree throughout the precolonial period, in a similar way to that noted in colonial histories. One of the key data sources for that ongoing interaction is the record of historical linguistics, which has traced a spread of Swahili languages from a north-eastern homeland southwards along the coast and to the Comoro archipelago. This has not only offered a crucial challenge to models of external origins, but also serves as a guide to the ongoing interactions that have made dialects of Swahili mutually intelligible more than 1,000 years since their original divergence. This mobility and entanglement are also invoked as causation for the ‘community of material culture that remained relatively constant over 3,000 kilometres of archipelagic civilization’ (Prestholdt 1998: 8). Certainly for the historical period, sources suggest that cultural cohesiveness was maintained through regular coasting travel along the littoral (Sheriff 2010). This seems likely also to have been the case in the deeper past, which resulted in similarities along the coastline over the longer term. Horton and Middleton (2000: 5) discuss this in enduring terms: ‘[the Swahili] have comprised a single social and cultural entity, Swahili society, with its own unique civilization of which they are deeply proud and possessive.’ These patterns of commonality have to some extent been the subject of this entire volume, but this chapter specifically explores the route by which communities of material culture were produced and maintained. Clearly this is more than simply a case of proximity or contact. Through attention to the shifting geography of coastal connections over time, it also becomes clear that the situation encountered by the Portuguese and later Europeans on the coast, while indicative, was not necessarily representative of the coast through time.
Less
The identification of a cultural grouping termed ‘Swahili’ has long rested on the ability to discern a commonality of material and social environment across an enormous region, aspects of which have been discussed in previous chapters. Clearly, the coast and offshore islands of eastern Africa have been interconnected to a significant degree throughout the precolonial period, in a similar way to that noted in colonial histories. One of the key data sources for that ongoing interaction is the record of historical linguistics, which has traced a spread of Swahili languages from a north-eastern homeland southwards along the coast and to the Comoro archipelago. This has not only offered a crucial challenge to models of external origins, but also serves as a guide to the ongoing interactions that have made dialects of Swahili mutually intelligible more than 1,000 years since their original divergence. This mobility and entanglement are also invoked as causation for the ‘community of material culture that remained relatively constant over 3,000 kilometres of archipelagic civilization’ (Prestholdt 1998: 8). Certainly for the historical period, sources suggest that cultural cohesiveness was maintained through regular coasting travel along the littoral (Sheriff 2010). This seems likely also to have been the case in the deeper past, which resulted in similarities along the coastline over the longer term. Horton and Middleton (2000: 5) discuss this in enduring terms: ‘[the Swahili] have comprised a single social and cultural entity, Swahili society, with its own unique civilization of which they are deeply proud and possessive.’ These patterns of commonality have to some extent been the subject of this entire volume, but this chapter specifically explores the route by which communities of material culture were produced and maintained. Clearly this is more than simply a case of proximity or contact. Through attention to the shifting geography of coastal connections over time, it also becomes clear that the situation encountered by the Portuguese and later Europeans on the coast, while indicative, was not necessarily representative of the coast through time.
Wendy Faulkner, Jacqueline Senker, and LÉa Velho
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288336
- eISBN:
- 9780191684586
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288336.003.0068
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology, Knowledge Management
The main aim of this study has been to provide a better understanding of the various processes that both companies and governments have attempted to modify through utilizing policy interventions. ...
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The main aim of this study has been to provide a better understanding of the various processes that both companies and governments have attempted to modify through utilizing policy interventions. Specifically, the book has examined the interaction processes of industrial researchers with government laboratories and academic researchers in order to acquire the necessary knowledge to further innovation. As the study has been proceeded by exploring the differences in technology exhibited by industry-PSR linkages, the book has examined the fields of parallel computing, engineering ceramics, and biotechnology. The book has found that industry-PSR linkages are not without cross-technology diversity, and a taxonomy of factors for these differences has been developed. This concluding chapter provides a summary of the main points of the book and suggestions for future research.Less
The main aim of this study has been to provide a better understanding of the various processes that both companies and governments have attempted to modify through utilizing policy interventions. Specifically, the book has examined the interaction processes of industrial researchers with government laboratories and academic researchers in order to acquire the necessary knowledge to further innovation. As the study has been proceeded by exploring the differences in technology exhibited by industry-PSR linkages, the book has examined the fields of parallel computing, engineering ceramics, and biotechnology. The book has found that industry-PSR linkages are not without cross-technology diversity, and a taxonomy of factors for these differences has been developed. This concluding chapter provides a summary of the main points of the book and suggestions for future research.
Chris Wickham
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199264490
- eISBN:
- 9780191698934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264490.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter discusses the presentation of the patterns of and the changes in exchange, based largely on archaeology, in particular on ceramic distributions. It argues that ceramics are the firmest ...
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This chapter discusses the presentation of the patterns of and the changes in exchange, based largely on archaeology, in particular on ceramic distributions. It argues that ceramics are the firmest support from any account of exchange in this period, and that written sources are a poor guide to the real patterns of exchange in this period. The importance of the archaeological argument made here makes it necessary to begin with the development of a set of criteria which allows one to move from archaeological evidence towards wider generalizations. The chapter presents an initial methodological section, an account of late Roman exchange, and the regional analyses of the individual social and economic developments of each of the regions of the post-Roman world.Less
This chapter discusses the presentation of the patterns of and the changes in exchange, based largely on archaeology, in particular on ceramic distributions. It argues that ceramics are the firmest support from any account of exchange in this period, and that written sources are a poor guide to the real patterns of exchange in this period. The importance of the archaeological argument made here makes it necessary to begin with the development of a set of criteria which allows one to move from archaeological evidence towards wider generalizations. The chapter presents an initial methodological section, an account of late Roman exchange, and the regional analyses of the individual social and economic developments of each of the regions of the post-Roman world.
Kathryn L. Ness
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781683400042
- eISBN:
- 9781683400271
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683400042.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Setting the Table: Ceramics, Dining, and Cultural Exchange in Andalucía and La Florida explores issues of cultural exchange and identity among eighteenth-century Spaniards and Spanish Americans via ...
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Setting the Table: Ceramics, Dining, and Cultural Exchange in Andalucía and La Florida explores issues of cultural exchange and identity among eighteenth-century Spaniards and Spanish Americans via the archaeological remains and documentary evidence form Jerez de la Frontera, Spain, and St. Augustine, Florida. These lines of evidence indicate that there were substantial and similar changes to dining practices on both sides of the Atlantic almost simultaneously. As a result, this book takes the stance that early modern individuals from Spain and Spanish America were developing and expressing a distinct Spanish-Atlantic identity that was neither wholly Spanish nor wholly Spanish-American but rather combined new ideas and goods from an increasingly global network while also maintaining some Spanish traditions. Although archaeologists have researched Spanish colonial sites in Florida and the Caribbean for decades, only two projects have adopted a trans-Atlantic perspective, and this work is the first to use this approach with eighteenth-century sites. Additionally, it is the first book to conduct a detailed study of Spanish ceramic vessel forms and their possible uses and meanings for the users. As a result, this project sheds new light on the Spanish Atlantic and calls into question several existing interpretations of life in Spanish Florida as well as foodways in both St. Augustine and Spain.Less
Setting the Table: Ceramics, Dining, and Cultural Exchange in Andalucía and La Florida explores issues of cultural exchange and identity among eighteenth-century Spaniards and Spanish Americans via the archaeological remains and documentary evidence form Jerez de la Frontera, Spain, and St. Augustine, Florida. These lines of evidence indicate that there were substantial and similar changes to dining practices on both sides of the Atlantic almost simultaneously. As a result, this book takes the stance that early modern individuals from Spain and Spanish America were developing and expressing a distinct Spanish-Atlantic identity that was neither wholly Spanish nor wholly Spanish-American but rather combined new ideas and goods from an increasingly global network while also maintaining some Spanish traditions. Although archaeologists have researched Spanish colonial sites in Florida and the Caribbean for decades, only two projects have adopted a trans-Atlantic perspective, and this work is the first to use this approach with eighteenth-century sites. Additionally, it is the first book to conduct a detailed study of Spanish ceramic vessel forms and their possible uses and meanings for the users. As a result, this project sheds new light on the Spanish Atlantic and calls into question several existing interpretations of life in Spanish Florida as well as foodways in both St. Augustine and Spain.
Gilberto Artioli
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199548262
- eISBN:
- 9780191723308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548262.003.0003
- Subject:
- Physics, History of Physics
The materials science aspects of cultural heritage materials are treated in detail, focusing on their physico-chemical and engineering properties, on the production technologies, and on the processes ...
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The materials science aspects of cultural heritage materials are treated in detail, focusing on their physico-chemical and engineering properties, on the production technologies, and on the processes acting upon them. The most common classes of materials are described, including structural materials (lithics, rocks, clay products, ceramics, cements, mortars, binders), pigments and dyes, glass and faience, metals, gems, organic materials (bone, ivory, amber, resins, paper, textiles), photographic materials. Emphasis is placed on their properties and the relation to their use through prehistory and history. The general approach insists on the concept that each material can be analysed at different space–energy scales, thus each technique commonly provides only part of the information needed for the complete characterization of the material and the assessment and interpretation of the processes involved. Clarifying case studies and seminal applications, encompassing provenancing and degradation issues, are treated and referenced in detail.Less
The materials science aspects of cultural heritage materials are treated in detail, focusing on their physico-chemical and engineering properties, on the production technologies, and on the processes acting upon them. The most common classes of materials are described, including structural materials (lithics, rocks, clay products, ceramics, cements, mortars, binders), pigments and dyes, glass and faience, metals, gems, organic materials (bone, ivory, amber, resins, paper, textiles), photographic materials. Emphasis is placed on their properties and the relation to their use through prehistory and history. The general approach insists on the concept that each material can be analysed at different space–energy scales, thus each technique commonly provides only part of the information needed for the complete characterization of the material and the assessment and interpretation of the processes involved. Clarifying case studies and seminal applications, encompassing provenancing and degradation issues, are treated and referenced in detail.
IBOLYA GERELYES
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264423
- eISBN:
- 9780191734793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0020
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
It is generally accepted in Hungarian scholarly literature that Ottoman soldiers stationed on Hungarian territory did not mix with the local Hungarian population during the Ottoman period in Hungary ...
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It is generally accepted in Hungarian scholarly literature that Ottoman soldiers stationed on Hungarian territory did not mix with the local Hungarian population during the Ottoman period in Hungary (1541–1699). However, the written historical sources attest direct contact between Ottoman garrisons and the Hungarian population. This chapter attempts to examine how the picture drawn by the historical sources can be supplemented by archaeological evidence, in particular ceramics. This can be seen in the records of shops owned by the Ottoman Treasury and in customs registers. These sources attest that craftsmen and traders settling in the wake of the soldiers and supplying them were employed in the production and sale of goods that were almost exclusively for the satisfaction of basic everyday needs.Less
It is generally accepted in Hungarian scholarly literature that Ottoman soldiers stationed on Hungarian territory did not mix with the local Hungarian population during the Ottoman period in Hungary (1541–1699). However, the written historical sources attest direct contact between Ottoman garrisons and the Hungarian population. This chapter attempts to examine how the picture drawn by the historical sources can be supplemented by archaeological evidence, in particular ceramics. This can be seen in the records of shops owned by the Ottoman Treasury and in customs registers. These sources attest that craftsmen and traders settling in the wake of the soldiers and supplying them were employed in the production and sale of goods that were almost exclusively for the satisfaction of basic everyday needs.
Christine Hernández and Dan M. Healan
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813066103
- eISBN:
- 9780813058276
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813066103.003.0004
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
This chapter argues that the Late Classic/Epiclassic ceramic style known as Coyotlatelco has roots in the eastern El Bajío of Near West Mexico. Coyotlatelco became a widespread ceramic tradition in ...
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This chapter argues that the Late Classic/Epiclassic ceramic style known as Coyotlatelco has roots in the eastern El Bajío of Near West Mexico. Coyotlatelco became a widespread ceramic tradition in Epiclassic Central Mexico. Its chief defining characteristic is its suite of unsupported and tripod-supported vessels decorated with red-painted geometric designs on plain brown or cream slipped pottery. Ceramic data and radiocarbon dating produced from Tulane University’s Ucareo-Zinapecuaro (U-Z) Project (1989-1995) shed additional light on the ongoing debate regarding whether or not the Coyotlatelco style originates with the native population or if it shows evidence of the migration of non-local people into the central highlands of Mexico. The ceramic chronology for the U-Z source area throughout the Late Formative and Classic periods in NE Michoacan begins a discussion about shared decorative modes among red on brown ceramic types that connect Michoacan with societies in both the El Bajio and the Basin of Mexico regions, including Teotihuacan. The conclusions drawn suggest that the Coyotlatelco ceramic style has deep roots in the pottery traditions of the eastern El Bajio and, given the equally long history of various modes of regional and back migration, there seems little need to look beyond Central Mexico for the origins of Coyotlatleco.Less
This chapter argues that the Late Classic/Epiclassic ceramic style known as Coyotlatelco has roots in the eastern El Bajío of Near West Mexico. Coyotlatelco became a widespread ceramic tradition in Epiclassic Central Mexico. Its chief defining characteristic is its suite of unsupported and tripod-supported vessels decorated with red-painted geometric designs on plain brown or cream slipped pottery. Ceramic data and radiocarbon dating produced from Tulane University’s Ucareo-Zinapecuaro (U-Z) Project (1989-1995) shed additional light on the ongoing debate regarding whether or not the Coyotlatelco style originates with the native population or if it shows evidence of the migration of non-local people into the central highlands of Mexico. The ceramic chronology for the U-Z source area throughout the Late Formative and Classic periods in NE Michoacan begins a discussion about shared decorative modes among red on brown ceramic types that connect Michoacan with societies in both the El Bajio and the Basin of Mexico regions, including Teotihuacan. The conclusions drawn suggest that the Coyotlatelco ceramic style has deep roots in the pottery traditions of the eastern El Bajio and, given the equally long history of various modes of regional and back migration, there seems little need to look beyond Central Mexico for the origins of Coyotlatleco.
Mark P. Leone
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520244504
- eISBN:
- 9780520931893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520244504.003.0005
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter identifies some central habitual patterns that James Deetz believed were the organizing thoughts which were reflected throughout the world of New Englanders, focusing specifically on the ...
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This chapter identifies some central habitual patterns that James Deetz believed were the organizing thoughts which were reflected throughout the world of New Englanders, focusing specifically on the eating habits, such as the arrangement of the dishes on the dining table. It also presents a study of Annapolis ceramics, which covers the period from 1700 to 1900, and African American ceramic use.Less
This chapter identifies some central habitual patterns that James Deetz believed were the organizing thoughts which were reflected throughout the world of New Englanders, focusing specifically on the eating habits, such as the arrangement of the dishes on the dining table. It also presents a study of Annapolis ceramics, which covers the period from 1700 to 1900, and African American ceramic use.
Claire Nightingale and Jonathan Sandy
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198714828
- eISBN:
- 9780191916793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198714828.003.0013
- Subject:
- Clinical Medicine and Allied Health, Dentistry
