Patricia Lim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099906
- eISBN:
- 9789882207714
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099906.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This book follows on from the mapping and recording of about 10,000 graves that make up the Hong Kong Cemetery, for a database which will be held in the archives of the Hong Kong Memory Project and ...
More
This book follows on from the mapping and recording of about 10,000 graves that make up the Hong Kong Cemetery, for a database which will be held in the archives of the Hong Kong Memory Project and the Royal Asiatic Society among other places. The silent tombs and elegantly carved inscriptions dating from 1842 up to the present day aroused curiosity in the author of this book about who these long-buried people were and how they lived their lives. The book has teased out from many sources the answers to these questions. This small, alien, and rather disparate band of adventurers came from a number of far distant countries to live and work in the tiny and insignificant British foothold of Hong Kong on the edge of a huge and little understood empire. The book tries to show their relationships with each other and with their Chinese neighbours on the island. It has attempted to breathe life into the stories behind the gravestones so that the Hong Kong Cemetery can be viewed as a cradle of history as well as a final resting place for the dead.Less
This book follows on from the mapping and recording of about 10,000 graves that make up the Hong Kong Cemetery, for a database which will be held in the archives of the Hong Kong Memory Project and the Royal Asiatic Society among other places. The silent tombs and elegantly carved inscriptions dating from 1842 up to the present day aroused curiosity in the author of this book about who these long-buried people were and how they lived their lives. The book has teased out from many sources the answers to these questions. This small, alien, and rather disparate band of adventurers came from a number of far distant countries to live and work in the tiny and insignificant British foothold of Hong Kong on the edge of a huge and little understood empire. The book tries to show their relationships with each other and with their Chinese neighbours on the island. It has attempted to breathe life into the stories behind the gravestones so that the Hong Kong Cemetery can be viewed as a cradle of history as well as a final resting place for the dead.
Ken Nicolson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028108
- eISBN:
- 9789882207561
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028108.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This history and tour highlights the need for urgent action to conserve the built and natural heritage resources of this important cultural landscape. The book challenges the reader to reconsider the ...
More
This history and tour highlights the need for urgent action to conserve the built and natural heritage resources of this important cultural landscape. The book challenges the reader to reconsider the basic approach to heritage conservation adopted in Hong Kong where a false dichotomy persists between natural and built heritage conservation initiatives. The Hong Kong Cemetery provides an excellent example of a precious cultural landscape which is deteriorating because simplistic approaches to site management have failed to understand and protect the complex interrelationship between the natural (flora mid fauna habitats) and built (monuments and memorials) heritage resources. The first three chapters introduce the cemetery garden concept as it evolved in early nineteenth-century Europe, and was eventually established in Hong Kong by the British. The second half of the book provides a self-guided tour of the cemetery highlighting its resources as well as explaining the main conservation problems and possible solutions to protect the cemetery.Less
This history and tour highlights the need for urgent action to conserve the built and natural heritage resources of this important cultural landscape. The book challenges the reader to reconsider the basic approach to heritage conservation adopted in Hong Kong where a false dichotomy persists between natural and built heritage conservation initiatives. The Hong Kong Cemetery provides an excellent example of a precious cultural landscape which is deteriorating because simplistic approaches to site management have failed to understand and protect the complex interrelationship between the natural (flora mid fauna habitats) and built (monuments and memorials) heritage resources. The first three chapters introduce the cemetery garden concept as it evolved in early nineteenth-century Europe, and was eventually established in Hong Kong by the British. The second half of the book provides a self-guided tour of the cemetery highlighting its resources as well as explaining the main conservation problems and possible solutions to protect the cemetery.
Albert N. Hamscher and Kenneth S. Davis
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335224
- eISBN:
- 9780199868810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335224.003.0014
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Based on nearly thirty years experience of teaching a university course on “death and dying in history,” the first section of this chapter offers practical advice about organizing such a course: ...
More
Based on nearly thirty years experience of teaching a university course on “death and dying in history,” the first section of this chapter offers practical advice about organizing such a course: topics worthy of consideration, appropriate readings, written assignments, and strategies for engaging student interest and participation. The chapter's second section goes out of the classroom and into the cemetery, where students can experience the “hands-on” dimension of historical study. A broad range of possible research projects is reviewed that students can undertake either alone or in small groups. Research in the cemetery need not be confined to a specific course on death and dying in history. It can also be integrated into traditional courses that explore the collective values and attitudes of past generations.Less
Based on nearly thirty years experience of teaching a university course on “death and dying in history,” the first section of this chapter offers practical advice about organizing such a course: topics worthy of consideration, appropriate readings, written assignments, and strategies for engaging student interest and participation. The chapter's second section goes out of the classroom and into the cemetery, where students can experience the “hands-on” dimension of historical study. A broad range of possible research projects is reviewed that students can undertake either alone or in small groups. Research in the cemetery need not be confined to a specific course on death and dying in history. It can also be integrated into traditional courses that explore the collective values and attitudes of past generations.
Catherine Robson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691119366
- eISBN:
- 9781400845156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691119366.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter resurrects “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna.” Charles Wolfe's poem, a reimagining of the hasty interment of a fallen general after one of the land battles in the Napoleonic ...
More
This chapter resurrects “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna.” Charles Wolfe's poem, a reimagining of the hasty interment of a fallen general after one of the land battles in the Napoleonic wars, was repeatedly quoted by soldiers and other individuals during the American Civil War when they found themselves having to organize, or witness, the burials of dead comrades. In recent years, cultural historians of Great Britain have tried to account for the massive shift in burial and memorial practices for the common soldier that occurred between 1815 and 1915. The chapter argues that the presence of Wolfe's poem in the hearts and minds of ordinary people played its part in creating the social expectations that led to the establishment of the National Cemeteries in the United States, and thus, in due course, the mass memorialization of World War I.Less
This chapter resurrects “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna.” Charles Wolfe's poem, a reimagining of the hasty interment of a fallen general after one of the land battles in the Napoleonic wars, was repeatedly quoted by soldiers and other individuals during the American Civil War when they found themselves having to organize, or witness, the burials of dead comrades. In recent years, cultural historians of Great Britain have tried to account for the massive shift in burial and memorial practices for the common soldier that occurred between 1815 and 1915. The chapter argues that the presence of Wolfe's poem in the hearts and minds of ordinary people played its part in creating the social expectations that led to the establishment of the National Cemeteries in the United States, and thus, in due course, the mass memorialization of World War I.
Rudy Koshar
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520217683
- eISBN:
- 9780520922525
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520217683.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book provides a powerful framework in which to examine the subject of German collective memory, which for more than a half century has been shaped by the experience of Nazism, World War II, and ...
More
This book provides a powerful framework in which to examine the subject of German collective memory, which for more than a half century has been shaped by the experience of Nazism, World War II, and the Holocaust. Finding the assumptions of many writers and scholars shortsighted, the author surveys the evidence of postwar German memory in the context of previous traditions. The book follows the evolution of German “memory landscapes” all the way from national unification in 1870–71 through the world wars and political division to reunification in 1990. The memory landscapes of any society may incorporate monuments, historical buildings, memorials and cemeteries, battlefields, streets, or natural environments that foster shared memories of important events or personalities. They may also be designed to divert public attention from embarrassing or traumatic histories. The author argues that in Germany, memory landscapes have taken shape according to four separate paradigms—the national monument, the ruin, the reconstruction, and the trace—which he analyzes in relation to the changing political agendas which have guided them over time. Despite the massive ruptures of Germany's history, we see that significant continuities have served to counterbalance the traumas of the German past.Less
This book provides a powerful framework in which to examine the subject of German collective memory, which for more than a half century has been shaped by the experience of Nazism, World War II, and the Holocaust. Finding the assumptions of many writers and scholars shortsighted, the author surveys the evidence of postwar German memory in the context of previous traditions. The book follows the evolution of German “memory landscapes” all the way from national unification in 1870–71 through the world wars and political division to reunification in 1990. The memory landscapes of any society may incorporate monuments, historical buildings, memorials and cemeteries, battlefields, streets, or natural environments that foster shared memories of important events or personalities. They may also be designed to divert public attention from embarrassing or traumatic histories. The author argues that in Germany, memory landscapes have taken shape according to four separate paradigms—the national monument, the ruin, the reconstruction, and the trace—which he analyzes in relation to the changing political agendas which have guided them over time. Despite the massive ruptures of Germany's history, we see that significant continuities have served to counterbalance the traumas of the German past.
Theodor Meron
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199608935
- eISBN:
- 9780191729706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608935.003.0028
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Public International Law
This chapter presents Theodor Meron's speech at Potočari Memorial Cemetery. He shares his special wish to visit the cemetery because he had the privilege of sitting as the Presiding Judge in the ...
More
This chapter presents Theodor Meron's speech at Potočari Memorial Cemetery. He shares his special wish to visit the cemetery because he had the privilege of sitting as the Presiding Judge in the appeal which, for the first time, judicially recognized the crimes committed against the Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica in 1995 as genocide. In that case, named Prosecutor versus Radislav Krstič, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia convicted one of the leaders of the Bosnian Serb assault on Srebrenica, General Radislav Krstič, for aiding and abetting genocide. In honor of the memory of the many victims of this crime lying in this cemetery, Meron reads a brief passage from the judgment in Krstič.Less
This chapter presents Theodor Meron's speech at Potočari Memorial Cemetery. He shares his special wish to visit the cemetery because he had the privilege of sitting as the Presiding Judge in the appeal which, for the first time, judicially recognized the crimes committed against the Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica in 1995 as genocide. In that case, named Prosecutor versus Radislav Krstič, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia convicted one of the leaders of the Bosnian Serb assault on Srebrenica, General Radislav Krstič, for aiding and abetting genocide. In honor of the memory of the many victims of this crime lying in this cemetery, Meron reads a brief passage from the judgment in Krstič.
Gabriel N. Finder
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719097560
- eISBN:
- 9781526104441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719097560.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
In the immediate aftermath of World War II and the Holocaust, Poland was quite literally a vast Jewish cemetery. In fields, forests, by the side of roads, and in Jewish cemeteries throughout the ...
More
In the immediate aftermath of World War II and the Holocaust, Poland was quite literally a vast Jewish cemetery. In fields, forests, by the side of roads, and in Jewish cemeteries throughout the country, the corpses of dead Jews were buried helter-skelter in mass graves, partially buried in an apparent rush, or even left unburied. Even Jews who had no intentions of remaining in postwar Poland returned to their home towns resolved to fulfill a solemn duty to give the dead a proper burial, if possible in a Jewish cemetery. Using several yizkor books, this chapter will examine the efforts of Polish Jewish survivors to exhume the corpses of their dead and then rebury them with dignity in accordance with Jewish ritual and the role of memory in depiction of this act.Less
In the immediate aftermath of World War II and the Holocaust, Poland was quite literally a vast Jewish cemetery. In fields, forests, by the side of roads, and in Jewish cemeteries throughout the country, the corpses of dead Jews were buried helter-skelter in mass graves, partially buried in an apparent rush, or even left unburied. Even Jews who had no intentions of remaining in postwar Poland returned to their home towns resolved to fulfill a solemn duty to give the dead a proper burial, if possible in a Jewish cemetery. Using several yizkor books, this chapter will examine the efforts of Polish Jewish survivors to exhume the corpses of their dead and then rebury them with dignity in accordance with Jewish ritual and the role of memory in depiction of this act.
Cathy Gutierrez
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195388350
- eISBN:
- 9780199866472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388350.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter explores Victorian ideas of memory and mourning in America and argues that shifts in religious concepts regarding the saved and the damned accounted for a dramatic increase in the ...
More
This chapter explores Victorian ideas of memory and mourning in America and argues that shifts in religious concepts regarding the saved and the damned accounted for a dramatic increase in the centrality of memory. As the grieving were expected to demonstrate their continued memory of a loved one and funerals moved into the marketplace, Spiritualists wrestled with the problem of memory as a potential enemy of progress. Taking their cue from Emanuel Swedenborg’s writing, Spiritualists determined that memory was an instrument of ethics—having dispensed with hell, Spiritualism needed some form of retribution in the afterlife. Memory punished the evildoers and spurred them toward progress. Renaissance ideals of memory theatres were revived but inverted in Spiritualist heavens: the dead needed to forget their vanities and misdeeds in order to move on.Less
This chapter explores Victorian ideas of memory and mourning in America and argues that shifts in religious concepts regarding the saved and the damned accounted for a dramatic increase in the centrality of memory. As the grieving were expected to demonstrate their continued memory of a loved one and funerals moved into the marketplace, Spiritualists wrestled with the problem of memory as a potential enemy of progress. Taking their cue from Emanuel Swedenborg’s writing, Spiritualists determined that memory was an instrument of ethics—having dispensed with hell, Spiritualism needed some form of retribution in the afterlife. Memory punished the evildoers and spurred them toward progress. Renaissance ideals of memory theatres were revived but inverted in Spiritualist heavens: the dead needed to forget their vanities and misdeeds in order to move on.
Patricia Lim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099906
- eISBN:
- 9789882207714
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099906.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter discusses the Hong Kong Cemetery, which was also known as the Protestant Cemetery and the Colonial Cemetery. It discusses Happy Valley and the Happy Valley racecourse, which is located ...
More
This chapter discusses the Hong Kong Cemetery, which was also known as the Protestant Cemetery and the Colonial Cemetery. It discusses Happy Valley and the Happy Valley racecourse, which is located below the Hong Kong Cemetery. Aside from discussing the history of the cemetery, the chapter also looks at the older cemeteries in Wan Chai and the different monuments found in the Hong Kong Cemetery.Less
This chapter discusses the Hong Kong Cemetery, which was also known as the Protestant Cemetery and the Colonial Cemetery. It discusses Happy Valley and the Happy Valley racecourse, which is located below the Hong Kong Cemetery. Aside from discussing the history of the cemetery, the chapter also looks at the older cemeteries in Wan Chai and the different monuments found in the Hong Kong Cemetery.
Kristiane Janeke
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813175416
- eISBN:
- 9780813175447
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813175416.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Kristiane Janeke traces the history of the Moscow Brothers’ (Soldiers’) Cemetery, using the specific case of this memorial to wartime fallen as a springboard to a wider discussion of suppressed ...
More
Kristiane Janeke traces the history of the Moscow Brothers’ (Soldiers’) Cemetery, using the specific case of this memorial to wartime fallen as a springboard to a wider discussion of suppressed memories of the First World War in Russia. The chapter argues that remembrance of the war was deliberately stifled as part of the Bolshevik project of creating a new ideological identity for the fledgling Soviet regime. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, however, there have been efforts to restore Russians’ collective memory of the First World War.Less
Kristiane Janeke traces the history of the Moscow Brothers’ (Soldiers’) Cemetery, using the specific case of this memorial to wartime fallen as a springboard to a wider discussion of suppressed memories of the First World War in Russia. The chapter argues that remembrance of the war was deliberately stifled as part of the Bolshevik project of creating a new ideological identity for the fledgling Soviet regime. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, however, there have been efforts to restore Russians’ collective memory of the First World War.
Miroslav Verner
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789774167904
- eISBN:
- 9781617978227
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774167904.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This epilogue considers some of the challenges that lie ahead for the Czech archaeological team, led by Ludwig Borchardt, with regard to exploration of Abusir. After Borchardt's archaeological ...
More
This epilogue considers some of the challenges that lie ahead for the Czech archaeological team, led by Ludwig Borchardt, with regard to exploration of Abusir. After Borchardt's archaeological excavations before World War I and subsequently more than half a century of Czech explorations, it seems like all important archaeological monuments in Abusir have already been found and examined and no more major discoveries can be expected. However, the opposite is true. The chapter discusses the problems concerning the dominant monuments in the Abusir royal cemetery—the pyramids. It also highlights the fact that many large tombs in the immediate vicinity of the pyramids remain unexplored and concludes with an overview of another archaeological challenge facing the Czech team in South Abusir: the unfinished excavation of the cemetery from the Early Dynastic Period, adjacent from the east to the Old Kingdom cemetery.Less
This epilogue considers some of the challenges that lie ahead for the Czech archaeological team, led by Ludwig Borchardt, with regard to exploration of Abusir. After Borchardt's archaeological excavations before World War I and subsequently more than half a century of Czech explorations, it seems like all important archaeological monuments in Abusir have already been found and examined and no more major discoveries can be expected. However, the opposite is true. The chapter discusses the problems concerning the dominant monuments in the Abusir royal cemetery—the pyramids. It also highlights the fact that many large tombs in the immediate vicinity of the pyramids remain unexplored and concludes with an overview of another archaeological challenge facing the Czech team in South Abusir: the unfinished excavation of the cemetery from the Early Dynastic Period, adjacent from the east to the Old Kingdom cemetery.
Ken Nicolson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028108
- eISBN:
- 9789882207561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028108.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter traces the origin of the cemetery garden from the early nineteenth-century Europe. During the late 1700s, Europe was faced with macabre scenes in their graveyards. With the emergence of ...
More
This chapter traces the origin of the cemetery garden from the early nineteenth-century Europe. During the late 1700s, Europe was faced with macabre scenes in their graveyards. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution, Europe suffered from the problem of the overcrowding of urban churchyards. This overcrowding prompted actions such as the banning of further burials in churchyards and the transferring of surplus bodies to disused mines and other underground caverns. However, during the French Revolution, cemeteries and the treatment of the dead underwent a major change. The French Revolution provided a catalyst for social change and in this context of renewed civic pride the concept of the cemetery garden was set to flourish. During this period, attractive and sanitary cemeteries became a measurement of government competencies and efficiency. In addition, garden cemeteries began to represent a renewed respect for the dead, including bodies of criminals which were once deemed garbage.Less
This chapter traces the origin of the cemetery garden from the early nineteenth-century Europe. During the late 1700s, Europe was faced with macabre scenes in their graveyards. With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution, Europe suffered from the problem of the overcrowding of urban churchyards. This overcrowding prompted actions such as the banning of further burials in churchyards and the transferring of surplus bodies to disused mines and other underground caverns. However, during the French Revolution, cemeteries and the treatment of the dead underwent a major change. The French Revolution provided a catalyst for social change and in this context of renewed civic pride the concept of the cemetery garden was set to flourish. During this period, attractive and sanitary cemeteries became a measurement of government competencies and efficiency. In addition, garden cemeteries began to represent a renewed respect for the dead, including bodies of criminals which were once deemed garbage.
Ken Nicolson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028108
- eISBN:
- 9789882207561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028108.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses the introduction of the concept of the cemetery garden and its evolution in Hong Kong. In 1845, after Hong Kong was subjected to British rule, the Royal Engineers headed by ...
More
This chapter discusses the introduction of the concept of the cemetery garden and its evolution in Hong Kong. In 1845, after Hong Kong was subjected to British rule, the Royal Engineers headed by Lieutenant T. B. Collinson sketched and established a cemetery in Wong Nei Chung which would later become Happy Valley. These once paddy field before the British invasion, the areas surrounding the flat lands of Happy Valley, became a place for the dead. In addition to discussing the introduction of the cemetery garden, the chapter addresses the issues of how Western cemetery design principles were applied in the British colony of Hong Kong, in particular with the creation and design of the Hong Kong Cemetery in Happy Valley. By the turn of the 1890s, the Hong Kong Cemetery had taken on a number of “Loudonesque” features. Although not as grand as its European city cemeteries, the Hong Kong Cemetery was in every aspect “Loudonesque.” While the Hong Kong Cemetery flourished as a cemetery garden, setting the role model for subsequent cemeteries particularly the local cemetery garden design, the Hong Kong Cemetery started to decline in the 1900s. The fall of the Hong Kong Cemetery was due to the increasing notion of cultural identity among Chinese nationals, the unfair allocation of cemetery space, the ravages of war, and the increasing urbanism, natural deterioration, and human error.Less
This chapter discusses the introduction of the concept of the cemetery garden and its evolution in Hong Kong. In 1845, after Hong Kong was subjected to British rule, the Royal Engineers headed by Lieutenant T. B. Collinson sketched and established a cemetery in Wong Nei Chung which would later become Happy Valley. These once paddy field before the British invasion, the areas surrounding the flat lands of Happy Valley, became a place for the dead. In addition to discussing the introduction of the cemetery garden, the chapter addresses the issues of how Western cemetery design principles were applied in the British colony of Hong Kong, in particular with the creation and design of the Hong Kong Cemetery in Happy Valley. By the turn of the 1890s, the Hong Kong Cemetery had taken on a number of “Loudonesque” features. Although not as grand as its European city cemeteries, the Hong Kong Cemetery was in every aspect “Loudonesque.” While the Hong Kong Cemetery flourished as a cemetery garden, setting the role model for subsequent cemeteries particularly the local cemetery garden design, the Hong Kong Cemetery started to decline in the 1900s. The fall of the Hong Kong Cemetery was due to the increasing notion of cultural identity among Chinese nationals, the unfair allocation of cemetery space, the ravages of war, and the increasing urbanism, natural deterioration, and human error.
Thomas H. Conner
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813176314
- eISBN:
- 9780813176345
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813176314.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Every year, people from all over the world visit American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) sites, from Normandy, France, to Busan, South Korea, to Corozal, Panama. At rest in the twenty-six ...
More
Every year, people from all over the world visit American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) sites, from Normandy, France, to Busan, South Korea, to Corozal, Panama. At rest in the twenty-six overseas cemeteries are almost 139,000 dead, and memorialized on “Walls of the Missing” are 60,314 fallen soldiers with no known graves. The ABMC administers, operates, and maintains twenty-six permanent American military cemeteries and twenty-seven federal memorials, monuments, and markers. These graves and memorials are among the most beautiful and meticulously maintained shrines in the world. This book is the first study of the ABMC, from its founding in 1923 to the present. It traces the agency’s history, from its early efforts under the leadership of John J. Pershing to establish permanent American burial grounds in Europe after WWI and through the World War II years, where ABMC personnel weathered the storm of another war whose combatants actually passed back and forth through many of the sites. After the war, top-ranking generals, including George Marshall, Jacob L. Devers, and Mark Clark expanded the scope of the commission. The relationship between the monuments and their local hosts constitutes one of the most compelling and least known aspects of the story. Conner’s work powerfully demonstrates that these monuments are living sites that embody the costs of war and aid in understanding the interconnections between memory and history.Less
Every year, people from all over the world visit American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) sites, from Normandy, France, to Busan, South Korea, to Corozal, Panama. At rest in the twenty-six overseas cemeteries are almost 139,000 dead, and memorialized on “Walls of the Missing” are 60,314 fallen soldiers with no known graves. The ABMC administers, operates, and maintains twenty-six permanent American military cemeteries and twenty-seven federal memorials, monuments, and markers. These graves and memorials are among the most beautiful and meticulously maintained shrines in the world. This book is the first study of the ABMC, from its founding in 1923 to the present. It traces the agency’s history, from its early efforts under the leadership of John J. Pershing to establish permanent American burial grounds in Europe after WWI and through the World War II years, where ABMC personnel weathered the storm of another war whose combatants actually passed back and forth through many of the sites. After the war, top-ranking generals, including George Marshall, Jacob L. Devers, and Mark Clark expanded the scope of the commission. The relationship between the monuments and their local hosts constitutes one of the most compelling and least known aspects of the story. Conner’s work powerfully demonstrates that these monuments are living sites that embody the costs of war and aid in understanding the interconnections between memory and history.
Karen Chase
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199564361
- eISBN:
- 9780191722592
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199564361.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter examines the way old age is given form after death. By the end of the century it became more common to associate death with old age since mortality among the young had been greatly ...
More
This chapter examines the way old age is given form after death. By the end of the century it became more common to associate death with old age since mortality among the young had been greatly reduced. The interest here is to consider various ways in which Victorian culture inscribed old age within its figuration of life history. Study of the function of ‘inscriptive narratives’ helps to assess how these final perspectives illuminate the representation of the aged. Consideration of gravestone epitaphs reveals the particular associations to the death of an elderly person, and in this regard, the churchyards and cemeteries are themselves important symbols.Less
This chapter examines the way old age is given form after death. By the end of the century it became more common to associate death with old age since mortality among the young had been greatly reduced. The interest here is to consider various ways in which Victorian culture inscribed old age within its figuration of life history. Study of the function of ‘inscriptive narratives’ helps to assess how these final perspectives illuminate the representation of the aged. Consideration of gravestone epitaphs reveals the particular associations to the death of an elderly person, and in this regard, the churchyards and cemeteries are themselves important symbols.
Florin Curta and Siu-lun Wong
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748638093
- eISBN:
- 9780748670741
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748638093.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
The numismatic, sphragistic, and archaeological evidence shows that after 620, Greece entered a relatively long period of political instability and sharp demographic decline. New identities appear to ...
More
The numismatic, sphragistic, and archaeological evidence shows that after 620, Greece entered a relatively long period of political instability and sharp demographic decline. New identities appear to have been forged out of disparate cultural elements in the uncertain times of the first half of the seventh century. This is reflected in such burial assemblages as those from Nea Anchialos and Corinth (the “wandering soldier” grave). The extraordinary number of coins struck for Emperor Constans II and found in Athens and Corinth may indicate the presence of the imperial court during the winter of 662/3, when the emperor moved to Italy. However, surges in the number of coins are also attested for subsequent reigns and may signal the presence of local markets for fresh food and other commodities necessary to the imperial fleet and the soldiers of the theme of Hellas. In the same direction point the many seals, primarily of military officers and kommerkiarioi of Hellas. A different explanation is required for a number of seals of archons of the Slavs, most likely regional rulers on the northern border of the theme.Less
The numismatic, sphragistic, and archaeological evidence shows that after 620, Greece entered a relatively long period of political instability and sharp demographic decline. New identities appear to have been forged out of disparate cultural elements in the uncertain times of the first half of the seventh century. This is reflected in such burial assemblages as those from Nea Anchialos and Corinth (the “wandering soldier” grave). The extraordinary number of coins struck for Emperor Constans II and found in Athens and Corinth may indicate the presence of the imperial court during the winter of 662/3, when the emperor moved to Italy. However, surges in the number of coins are also attested for subsequent reigns and may signal the presence of local markets for fresh food and other commodities necessary to the imperial fleet and the soldiers of the theme of Hellas. In the same direction point the many seals, primarily of military officers and kommerkiarioi of Hellas. A different explanation is required for a number of seals of archons of the Slavs, most likely regional rulers on the northern border of the theme.
Andrew Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199544554
- eISBN:
- 9780191720390
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544554.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
A major problem in the archaeological study of human remains is how to classify and interpret burials either interred in an unusual fashion (face‐down, hands tied, etc.) or found in non‐normative ...
More
A major problem in the archaeological study of human remains is how to classify and interpret burials either interred in an unusual fashion (face‐down, hands tied, etc.) or found in non‐normative contexts (i.e. without churchyards in the Christian period). There are many possible explanations for such ‘deviant’ burials, and this chapter seeks to provide a careful archaeological consideration of how, for example, murder victims might be distinguished from battle‐ or massacre victims, and in particular, how execution victims and cemeteries might be identified. The chapter examines in detail the nature of previous interpretations and advances a set of archaeologically attested criteria as an aid to future study of ‘deviant’ human remains.Less
A major problem in the archaeological study of human remains is how to classify and interpret burials either interred in an unusual fashion (face‐down, hands tied, etc.) or found in non‐normative contexts (i.e. without churchyards in the Christian period). There are many possible explanations for such ‘deviant’ burials, and this chapter seeks to provide a careful archaeological consideration of how, for example, murder victims might be distinguished from battle‐ or massacre victims, and in particular, how execution victims and cemeteries might be identified. The chapter examines in detail the nature of previous interpretations and advances a set of archaeologically attested criteria as an aid to future study of ‘deviant’ human remains.
Andrew Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199544554
- eISBN:
- 9780191720390
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544554.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter considers in detail the archaeological evidence for deviant burial from Early Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries of the 5th to 7th centuries ad. The pre‐Christian centuries present challenges of ...
More
This chapter considers in detail the archaeological evidence for deviant burial from Early Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries of the 5th to 7th centuries ad. The pre‐Christian centuries present challenges of interpretation in the absence of written evidence, and so this section of the book concentrates on the analysis and discussion of prone burials, decapitations, instances of amputation, and burials covered with rocks in order to characterize such practices with regard to issues such as distribution and chronology. National study reveals distinct regional variation in deviant burial rites, but that certain practices, such as prone burial, were widely applied. The chapter addresses the presence of grave goods with certain deviant burials, and argues that in a particular category of women's graves, those of so‐called ‘cunning women’, the bodies are often treated in unusual ways at burial, besides being interred with a wide range of distinctive objects. The chapter concludes that individual deviant rites were widely known, and probably commonly understood, but that they were applied at community level rather than being determined by any higher authority.Less
This chapter considers in detail the archaeological evidence for deviant burial from Early Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries of the 5th to 7th centuries ad. The pre‐Christian centuries present challenges of interpretation in the absence of written evidence, and so this section of the book concentrates on the analysis and discussion of prone burials, decapitations, instances of amputation, and burials covered with rocks in order to characterize such practices with regard to issues such as distribution and chronology. National study reveals distinct regional variation in deviant burial rites, but that certain practices, such as prone burial, were widely applied. The chapter addresses the presence of grave goods with certain deviant burials, and argues that in a particular category of women's graves, those of so‐called ‘cunning women’, the bodies are often treated in unusual ways at burial, besides being interred with a wide range of distinctive objects. The chapter concludes that individual deviant rites were widely known, and probably commonly understood, but that they were applied at community level rather than being determined by any higher authority.
Andrew Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199544554
- eISBN:
- 9780191720390
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544554.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Chapter 4 comprises the first analysis yet undertaken of the archaeological evidence for judicial execution and the development of specific cemeteries for social outcasts. The chapter provides an ...
More
Chapter 4 comprises the first analysis yet undertaken of the archaeological evidence for judicial execution and the development of specific cemeteries for social outcasts. The chapter provides an annotated handlist of the known execution cemeteries, with details of their discovery and excavation, and then a standardized listing of their internal features, burial types, grave orientation, etc., followed by a consideration of their landscape context. The chapter clearly shows that the deviant rites found in Early Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries are almost exclusively found only in execution cemeteries following the conversion to Christianity. A clear set of characteristics of execution cemeteries is identified, including their location on major boundaries, by highways, and in highly visible places. Overall, the chapter provides a dating framework for such sites, from the seventh to the twelfth century, and places such cemeteries at the forefront of any future discussion of state‐formation and judicial activity in Anglo‐Saxon England.Less
Chapter 4 comprises the first analysis yet undertaken of the archaeological evidence for judicial execution and the development of specific cemeteries for social outcasts. The chapter provides an annotated handlist of the known execution cemeteries, with details of their discovery and excavation, and then a standardized listing of their internal features, burial types, grave orientation, etc., followed by a consideration of their landscape context. The chapter clearly shows that the deviant rites found in Early Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries are almost exclusively found only in execution cemeteries following the conversion to Christianity. A clear set of characteristics of execution cemeteries is identified, including their location on major boundaries, by highways, and in highly visible places. Overall, the chapter provides a dating framework for such sites, from the seventh to the twelfth century, and places such cemeteries at the forefront of any future discussion of state‐formation and judicial activity in Anglo‐Saxon England.
David M. Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264508
- eISBN:
- 9780191734120
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264508.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
This chapter examines the influences in the early sculpture in the Isle of Man, particularly the crosses that were previously described as Celtic. It suggests that the inscriptions in the Manx ...
More
This chapter examines the influences in the early sculpture in the Isle of Man, particularly the crosses that were previously described as Celtic. It suggests that the inscriptions in the Manx sculpture epigraphically and linguistically relate the island to the lands round the Irish Sea, while their typology and style history provide rough chronological yardsticks. The findings reveal that most pre-Viking memorial stones can be found in cemeteries on the sites of keeills.Less
This chapter examines the influences in the early sculpture in the Isle of Man, particularly the crosses that were previously described as Celtic. It suggests that the inscriptions in the Manx sculpture epigraphically and linguistically relate the island to the lands round the Irish Sea, while their typology and style history provide rough chronological yardsticks. The findings reveal that most pre-Viking memorial stones can be found in cemeteries on the sites of keeills.
