Yulia Ustinova
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199548569
- eISBN:
- 9780191720840
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548569.003.0007
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
The Retrospect draws together the major themes explored in the book, focusing on the modalities common to prophecy, early philosophy, and mystery cults. It offers new integrative interpretations of ...
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The Retrospect draws together the major themes explored in the book, focusing on the modalities common to prophecy, early philosophy, and mystery cults. It offers new integrative interpretations of these phenomena, highlighting the role of seers and sages as intermediaries between immortals and mortals who sought superhuman knowledge in altered states of consciousness, inside caves or isolated rooms, and stressing that for the Greeks, cave experiences were a well-known way to attain ultimate truth.Less
The Retrospect draws together the major themes explored in the book, focusing on the modalities common to prophecy, early philosophy, and mystery cults. It offers new integrative interpretations of these phenomena, highlighting the role of seers and sages as intermediaries between immortals and mortals who sought superhuman knowledge in altered states of consciousness, inside caves or isolated rooms, and stressing that for the Greeks, cave experiences were a well-known way to attain ultimate truth.
D. W. Yalden and U. Albarella
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199217519
- eISBN:
- 9780191712296
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217519.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Ornithology
This chapter covers the period from about 15,000 years ago, as the ice sheets of the Last Glaciation retreated, through the Late Glacial and Younger Dryas periods and the post-glacial warming at ...
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This chapter covers the period from about 15,000 years ago, as the ice sheets of the Last Glaciation retreated, through the Late Glacial and Younger Dryas periods and the post-glacial warming at about 11,000 years ago, into the forested Mesolithic period. There is a good Late Glacial record of bird bones from cave sites in the Mendips, Gower Peninsula, and at Creswell Crags: northern species such as Ptarmigan and Red Grouse were then common even in southern Britain, but such interesting species as Great and Little Bustard were also present. In the postglacial period, as tree cover increased, so did species of woodlands (e.g., eagle owl) and wetlands (e.g., crane at Star Carr). Some open ground remained, as evidenced by species like grey partridge, but the Mesolithic record, except in coastal sites (like Oronsay), is patchy. A fuller consideration of the likely bird fauna (especially passerines) requires extrapolation from what we know of habitats available, and the likely bird fauna of those habitats.Less
This chapter covers the period from about 15,000 years ago, as the ice sheets of the Last Glaciation retreated, through the Late Glacial and Younger Dryas periods and the post-glacial warming at about 11,000 years ago, into the forested Mesolithic period. There is a good Late Glacial record of bird bones from cave sites in the Mendips, Gower Peninsula, and at Creswell Crags: northern species such as Ptarmigan and Red Grouse were then common even in southern Britain, but such interesting species as Great and Little Bustard were also present. In the postglacial period, as tree cover increased, so did species of woodlands (e.g., eagle owl) and wetlands (e.g., crane at Star Carr). Some open ground remained, as evidenced by species like grey partridge, but the Mesolithic record, except in coastal sites (like Oronsay), is patchy. A fuller consideration of the likely bird fauna (especially passerines) requires extrapolation from what we know of habitats available, and the likely bird fauna of those habitats.
Paul Borgman
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195331608
- eISBN:
- 9780199868001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331608.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
For Homer's audience, the resourceful Odysseus—“known before all men for the study of crafty designs”—is predictable, always the same, always on brilliant display. David, on the other hand, remains ...
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For Homer's audience, the resourceful Odysseus—“known before all men for the study of crafty designs”—is predictable, always the same, always on brilliant display. David, on the other hand, remains mysterious to the story's audience for great portions of the narrative, acting often in a surprising manner. The biblical writer develops character; the Homeric writer demonstrates character. The divine in each story play roles appropriate to each hero, while reflecting their authors' respective sense of character and moral universe. In fact, the relationship of hero to the divine has much to do with the diametrically opposed characterizations of David and Odysseus within their respective stories, and the gulf between implied moral universes. Because of the goddess Athene, Odysseus becomes more of what he has always been. Because of the biblical God, on the other hand, David changes, becoming known to others—and to himself—only as the story unfolds. David and Odysseus inhabit worlds that could not be more different. A brief exploration of notable cave scenes from their respective stories helps to shine a spotlight on the complexity of David, of his God, and of the relationship between the two.Less
For Homer's audience, the resourceful Odysseus—“known before all men for the study of crafty designs”—is predictable, always the same, always on brilliant display. David, on the other hand, remains mysterious to the story's audience for great portions of the narrative, acting often in a surprising manner. The biblical writer develops character; the Homeric writer demonstrates character. The divine in each story play roles appropriate to each hero, while reflecting their authors' respective sense of character and moral universe. In fact, the relationship of hero to the divine has much to do with the diametrically opposed characterizations of David and Odysseus within their respective stories, and the gulf between implied moral universes. Because of the goddess Athene, Odysseus becomes more of what he has always been. Because of the biblical God, on the other hand, David changes, becoming known to others—and to himself—only as the story unfolds. David and Odysseus inhabit worlds that could not be more different. A brief exploration of notable cave scenes from their respective stories helps to shine a spotlight on the complexity of David, of his God, and of the relationship between the two.
Jonardon Ganeri
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199202416
- eISBN:
- 9780191708558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199202416.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The discovery of the true self is a matter of fundamental concern in the Upaniṣads. This chapter examines the metaphors of concealment used, and analyses the substantive accounts of the self put ...
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The discovery of the true self is a matter of fundamental concern in the Upaniṣads. This chapter examines the metaphors of concealment used, and analyses the substantive accounts of the self put forward. It also discusses the claim that there is a hidden identity between the individual and the universal self.Less
The discovery of the true self is a matter of fundamental concern in the Upaniṣads. This chapter examines the metaphors of concealment used, and analyses the substantive accounts of the self put forward. It also discusses the claim that there is a hidden identity between the individual and the universal self.
Steve Reich
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195151152
- eISBN:
- 9780199850044
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151152.003.0050
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter presents an essay about The Cave written at the invitation of and published in the New York Times, Sunday, March 13, 1994. The Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron on the West Bank is sacred ...
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This chapter presents an essay about The Cave written at the invitation of and published in the New York Times, Sunday, March 13, 1994. The Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron on the West Bank is sacred to both Jews and Muslims. Since 1968, it has been the only place on Earth where they both actually pray in the same building. Traditionally, it is the site that Abraham/Ibrahim bought from Ephron the Hittite about 4,000 years ago to bury his wife Sarah, and where he and some of their descendants are buried. It also represents the central metaphor of The Cave. Both Reich and Korot knew when they set out to make this work that the place resonated not only with the events of the ancient past but with the present Israeli–Arab conflict as well. They chose, however, to steer away from the overtly political and to focus instead on the response of Israeli Jews, Palestinian Muslims, and Americans to questions about the ancient biblical and koranic characters associated with this site. In this way, current events emerged indirectly into a dialogue with the ancient past.Less
This chapter presents an essay about The Cave written at the invitation of and published in the New York Times, Sunday, March 13, 1994. The Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron on the West Bank is sacred to both Jews and Muslims. Since 1968, it has been the only place on Earth where they both actually pray in the same building. Traditionally, it is the site that Abraham/Ibrahim bought from Ephron the Hittite about 4,000 years ago to bury his wife Sarah, and where he and some of their descendants are buried. It also represents the central metaphor of The Cave. Both Reich and Korot knew when they set out to make this work that the place resonated not only with the events of the ancient past but with the present Israeli–Arab conflict as well. They chose, however, to steer away from the overtly political and to focus instead on the response of Israeli Jews, Palestinian Muslims, and Americans to questions about the ancient biblical and koranic characters associated with this site. In this way, current events emerged indirectly into a dialogue with the ancient past.
Yulia Ustinova
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199548569
- eISBN:
- 9780191720840
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548569.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
In ancient Greece, a common method of search for divine wisdom was to descend into caves or underground chambers. Entering caves persistently appears as a major requirement for prophecy-giving, both ...
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In ancient Greece, a common method of search for divine wisdom was to descend into caves or underground chambers. Entering caves persistently appears as a major requirement for prophecy-giving, both in established cults and in the activities of individual seers. Underground sojourns recur in the activities of several early Greek sages and philosophers. Mystery initiations comprise rites located in caves or dark chambers. The sages, seers, and initiates shared a quest for hidden truth, which they attained as revelation or vision. Exploring the reasons for the predilection for caves in the search for ultimate truth, this book juxtaposes ancient testimonies with the results of modern neuroscience. This approach, new in Classical Studies, enables an examination of the consciousness of people who were engaged in the vision quest. It is argued that cave environment creates conditions which force the human mind to deviate from its normal waking state and to enter altered states of consciousness, in many cases leading to the sensation of ineffable revelation of ultimate reality. Altered states of consciousness often occur in people exposed to sensory deprivation. As a result, various mediators between gods and mortals practice prolonged isolation in caves and other closed spaces in their quest of ecstatic illumination. The book demonstrates that multiple cave experiences of the Greeks are culturally patterned responses to the states determined by the neurology of the human brain.Less
In ancient Greece, a common method of search for divine wisdom was to descend into caves or underground chambers. Entering caves persistently appears as a major requirement for prophecy-giving, both in established cults and in the activities of individual seers. Underground sojourns recur in the activities of several early Greek sages and philosophers. Mystery initiations comprise rites located in caves or dark chambers. The sages, seers, and initiates shared a quest for hidden truth, which they attained as revelation or vision. Exploring the reasons for the predilection for caves in the search for ultimate truth, this book juxtaposes ancient testimonies with the results of modern neuroscience. This approach, new in Classical Studies, enables an examination of the consciousness of people who were engaged in the vision quest. It is argued that cave environment creates conditions which force the human mind to deviate from its normal waking state and to enter altered states of consciousness, in many cases leading to the sensation of ineffable revelation of ultimate reality. Altered states of consciousness often occur in people exposed to sensory deprivation. As a result, various mediators between gods and mortals practice prolonged isolation in caves and other closed spaces in their quest of ecstatic illumination. The book demonstrates that multiple cave experiences of the Greeks are culturally patterned responses to the states determined by the neurology of the human brain.
Jessica Waldoff
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195151978
- eISBN:
- 9780199870387
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151978.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Opera
Since its beginnings, opera has depended on recognition as a central aspect of both plot and theme. Recognition — or anagnôrisis, Aristotle's term in the Poetics — is a moment of new awareness that ...
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Since its beginnings, opera has depended on recognition as a central aspect of both plot and theme. Recognition — or anagnôrisis, Aristotle's term in the Poetics — is a moment of new awareness that brings about a crucial reversal in the action. Employing both literary and musical analysis, and drawing on critical thought from Aristotle to Terence Cave, this book explores the ways in which the themes of Mozart's operas — clemency, constancy, forgiveness, and other ideals cherished by late 18th-century culture — depend for their dramatization on recognition. Several of the operas culminate in a moment of climactic recognition, many involve the use of disguise, and all include scenes in which characters make significant realizations of identity, feeling, or purpose. Many turn explicitly on themes of knowledge, themes that possess a special resonance in an age that named itself the Enlightenment. A critical understanding of recognition in Mozart's operas reveals the late 18th-century culture of sensibility as an influential but uneasy presence in the age of enlightenment. At the same time, it opens up new ways of thinking about questions of cultural identity, conventions of ending, and the representation of cultural values in these works. Theoretical chapters are devoted to the concepts of recognition and plot; analytical chapters are devoted to Die Zauberflöte, La finta giardiniera, Don Giovanni, Così fan tutte, and La clemenza di Tito. Idomeneo, Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Le nozze di Figaro, and other works of Mozart and his contemporaries are also considered.Less
Since its beginnings, opera has depended on recognition as a central aspect of both plot and theme. Recognition — or anagnôrisis, Aristotle's term in the Poetics — is a moment of new awareness that brings about a crucial reversal in the action. Employing both literary and musical analysis, and drawing on critical thought from Aristotle to Terence Cave, this book explores the ways in which the themes of Mozart's operas — clemency, constancy, forgiveness, and other ideals cherished by late 18th-century culture — depend for their dramatization on recognition. Several of the operas culminate in a moment of climactic recognition, many involve the use of disguise, and all include scenes in which characters make significant realizations of identity, feeling, or purpose. Many turn explicitly on themes of knowledge, themes that possess a special resonance in an age that named itself the Enlightenment. A critical understanding of recognition in Mozart's operas reveals the late 18th-century culture of sensibility as an influential but uneasy presence in the age of enlightenment. At the same time, it opens up new ways of thinking about questions of cultural identity, conventions of ending, and the representation of cultural values in these works. Theoretical chapters are devoted to the concepts of recognition and plot; analytical chapters are devoted to Die Zauberflöte, La finta giardiniera, Don Giovanni, Così fan tutte, and La clemenza di Tito. Idomeneo, Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Le nozze di Figaro, and other works of Mozart and his contemporaries are also considered.
Jessica Waldoff
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195151978
- eISBN:
- 9780199870387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151978.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Opera
This chapter illustrates the value of recognition as an approach by providing a detailed analysis of plot, text, and music in Zauberflöte. With its rich store of enlightenment metaphor and symbolism, ...
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This chapter illustrates the value of recognition as an approach by providing a detailed analysis of plot, text, and music in Zauberflöte. With its rich store of enlightenment metaphor and symbolism, its overt treatment of knowledge as subject, and its marvelous dénouement in which the ascendance of light vanquishes the forces of darkness, this opera offers a marvelous demonstration of how recognition works at the levels of plot and theme. Tamino's famous colloquy with the priest in the Act I finale is read as a recognition scene. Later recognition scenes involving Papageno, Pamina, and Tamino are also discussed. The final section suggests that the contrivance (and reversal) various critics have sensed in Zauberflöte may be understood as what Terence Cave has called the “scandal of recognition”.Less
This chapter illustrates the value of recognition as an approach by providing a detailed analysis of plot, text, and music in Zauberflöte. With its rich store of enlightenment metaphor and symbolism, its overt treatment of knowledge as subject, and its marvelous dénouement in which the ascendance of light vanquishes the forces of darkness, this opera offers a marvelous demonstration of how recognition works at the levels of plot and theme. Tamino's famous colloquy with the priest in the Act I finale is read as a recognition scene. Later recognition scenes involving Papageno, Pamina, and Tamino are also discussed. The final section suggests that the contrivance (and reversal) various critics have sensed in Zauberflöte may be understood as what Terence Cave has called the “scandal of recognition”.
Jessica Waldoff
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195151978
- eISBN:
- 9780199870387
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151978.003.0003
- Subject:
- Music, Opera
This chapter opens with a review of critical thinking about recognition in literary genres, beginning with Aristotle. This historical context is indispensable, though, as Terence Cave suggests, an ...
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This chapter opens with a review of critical thinking about recognition in literary genres, beginning with Aristotle. This historical context is indispensable, though, as Terence Cave suggests, an understanding of recognition can be limited neither to Aristotle nor to its role in the literatures he knew and favored. An overview of recognition in Mozart's operas follows, focusing on topics of special interest: the recognition of identity and its status in Mozart's day (as opposed to Aristotle's), the role of disguise and its revelation, the quest for self-discovery, and the conventions of ending (including the relationship between dénouement and lieto fine). Scenes receiving critical consideration and musical analysis include the recognition scene of father and son in Idomeneo, the ending of Die Entführung aus dem Serail, and Pamina's attempted suicide in Die Zauberflöte.Less
This chapter opens with a review of critical thinking about recognition in literary genres, beginning with Aristotle. This historical context is indispensable, though, as Terence Cave suggests, an understanding of recognition can be limited neither to Aristotle nor to its role in the literatures he knew and favored. An overview of recognition in Mozart's operas follows, focusing on topics of special interest: the recognition of identity and its status in Mozart's day (as opposed to Aristotle's), the role of disguise and its revelation, the quest for self-discovery, and the conventions of ending (including the relationship between dénouement and lieto fine). Scenes receiving critical consideration and musical analysis include the recognition scene of father and son in Idomeneo, the ending of Die Entführung aus dem Serail, and Pamina's attempted suicide in Die Zauberflöte.
Yulia Ustinova
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199548569
- eISBN:
- 9780191720840
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548569.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter surveys the wealth of literature on altered states of consciousness which in many cases lead to the sensation of ineffable revelation of superhuman truth. Altered states of consciousness ...
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This chapter surveys the wealth of literature on altered states of consciousness which in many cases lead to the sensation of ineffable revelation of superhuman truth. Altered states of consciousness often occur in people exposed to sensory deprivation. As a result, seers, shamans, and other mediators between gods and mortals practise prolonged isolation in caves and other closed spaces in their quest of ecstatic illumination. The tunnel sensation is characteristic of near-death experiences, which appear to have influenced assorted mystical ideas and practices. The assessment of the cross-cultural nature of altered states of consciousness makes apparent that out-of-body sensations and ecstatic insights of the Greek visionaries and sages were not imported from abroad. They developed within the Greek culture, deriving from the universals of human consciousness.Less
This chapter surveys the wealth of literature on altered states of consciousness which in many cases lead to the sensation of ineffable revelation of superhuman truth. Altered states of consciousness often occur in people exposed to sensory deprivation. As a result, seers, shamans, and other mediators between gods and mortals practise prolonged isolation in caves and other closed spaces in their quest of ecstatic illumination. The tunnel sensation is characteristic of near-death experiences, which appear to have influenced assorted mystical ideas and practices. The assessment of the cross-cultural nature of altered states of consciousness makes apparent that out-of-body sensations and ecstatic insights of the Greek visionaries and sages were not imported from abroad. They developed within the Greek culture, deriving from the universals of human consciousness.
Yulia Ustinova
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199548569
- eISBN:
- 9780191720840
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548569.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter discusses oracles focused on caves and subterranean chambers, such as the prophetic caves belonging to Pan and the Nymphs, oracles of the dead (at Taenarum, Heracleia Pontica, and ...
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This chapter discusses oracles focused on caves and subterranean chambers, such as the prophetic caves belonging to Pan and the Nymphs, oracles of the dead (at Taenarum, Heracleia Pontica, and elsewhere), the caverns in the valley of Meander (Hierapolis and Acharaca), oracular cults of immortal subterranean daimons (Trophonius, Amphiaraus, Zalmoxis, Rhesus, and Orpheus), and several ancient and important oracular shrines of Apollo (Ptoion, Claros, and most notably, Delphi). The main reasons for location of oracles in caves are sensory deprivation or inhalation of poisonous gases that induced altered states of consciousness required for inspired divination. It is also argued that cave experiences of ordinary Greeks were quite widespread. Prophetic priests, members of sacred embassies, private consultants who applied to various oracles for advice, and individuals who personally experienced in caves altered states of consciousness—all these people knew that descent into caves brought about noetic sensations.Less
This chapter discusses oracles focused on caves and subterranean chambers, such as the prophetic caves belonging to Pan and the Nymphs, oracles of the dead (at Taenarum, Heracleia Pontica, and elsewhere), the caverns in the valley of Meander (Hierapolis and Acharaca), oracular cults of immortal subterranean daimons (Trophonius, Amphiaraus, Zalmoxis, Rhesus, and Orpheus), and several ancient and important oracular shrines of Apollo (Ptoion, Claros, and most notably, Delphi). The main reasons for location of oracles in caves are sensory deprivation or inhalation of poisonous gases that induced altered states of consciousness required for inspired divination. It is also argued that cave experiences of ordinary Greeks were quite widespread. Prophetic priests, members of sacred embassies, private consultants who applied to various oracles for advice, and individuals who personally experienced in caves altered states of consciousness—all these people knew that descent into caves brought about noetic sensations.
Yulia Ustinova
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199548569
- eISBN:
- 9780191720840
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548569.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter envisages the mental frame of freelance ‘impresarios of gods’, their behaviour, method of attaining illumination, and especially the role of cave experiences in their lives. The cave ...
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This chapter envisages the mental frame of freelance ‘impresarios of gods’, their behaviour, method of attaining illumination, and especially the role of cave experiences in their lives. The cave environment required for the Sibyls reflects the traditional Greek views on the conditions necessary for the quintessential seers. The blindness of sightless prophets and poets emphasizes their constant state of visual deprivation. The insistence of myths and quasi-historical narratives on sensory deprivation experienced by seers and bards is rooted in age-long observation, which gave rise to their conventional image in the popular tradition. The recurring immersion in the outer darkness of a grotto or in the inner darkness of blindness indicates that inspired visions and revelations came to Greek seers and poets from within their minds.Less
This chapter envisages the mental frame of freelance ‘impresarios of gods’, their behaviour, method of attaining illumination, and especially the role of cave experiences in their lives. The cave environment required for the Sibyls reflects the traditional Greek views on the conditions necessary for the quintessential seers. The blindness of sightless prophets and poets emphasizes their constant state of visual deprivation. The insistence of myths and quasi-historical narratives on sensory deprivation experienced by seers and bards is rooted in age-long observation, which gave rise to their conventional image in the popular tradition. The recurring immersion in the outer darkness of a grotto or in the inner darkness of blindness indicates that inspired visions and revelations came to Greek seers and poets from within their minds.
Steve Reich
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195151152
- eISBN:
- 9780199850044
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151152.003.0047
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter presents Reich's interview with K. Rober Schwarz, originally printed in the Kurt Weill Newsletter, volume 10, no. 2, Fall 1992. Reich answers various questions such as why he did not ...
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This chapter presents Reich's interview with K. Rober Schwarz, originally printed in the Kurt Weill Newsletter, volume 10, no. 2, Fall 1992. Reich answers various questions such as why he did not write a music theater piece before The Cave, whether he had any models from the history of opera or music theater, and his views about Kurt Weill.Less
This chapter presents Reich's interview with K. Rober Schwarz, originally printed in the Kurt Weill Newsletter, volume 10, no. 2, Fall 1992. Reich answers various questions such as why he did not write a music theater piece before The Cave, whether he had any models from the history of opera or music theater, and his views about Kurt Weill.
Steve Reich
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195151152
- eISBN:
- 9780199850044
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151152.003.0048
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
This chapter describes The Cave as a new type of music theater, with aspects of both opera and movies. Throughout the work, five large video projection screens (each approximately 6 ft. X 8 ft.) ...
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This chapter describes The Cave as a new type of music theater, with aspects of both opera and movies. Throughout the work, five large video projection screens (each approximately 6 ft. X 8 ft.) present interviews, landscapes, and architectural footage in sequences timed with live music. In addition, in the first and last acts, texts from biblical sources are rhythmically typed out, and sung.Less
This chapter describes The Cave as a new type of music theater, with aspects of both opera and movies. Throughout the work, five large video projection screens (each approximately 6 ft. X 8 ft.) present interviews, landscapes, and architectural footage in sequences timed with live music. In addition, in the first and last acts, texts from biblical sources are rhythmically typed out, and sung.
Wendi Adamek
Steven Heine and Dale S. Wright (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195150674
- eISBN:
- 9780199784615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195150678.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter examines the Chan or Zen text, the Lidai fabao ji, an important early text that was discovered in the Mogao caves of Dunhuang in 1900, and which had been lost for many years. Adamak ...
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This chapter examines the Chan or Zen text, the Lidai fabao ji, an important early text that was discovered in the Mogao caves of Dunhuang in 1900, and which had been lost for many years. Adamak finds that this text provides an important prototype of two genres, the “discourse records” (yulu) and the “transmission of the lamp records” (chuangdeng lu). This important early Zen text sheds light on the development of characteristically Zen genres in the Sung dynasty, and on the hagiographical styles that became central to the Chan tradition in that era.Less
This chapter examines the Chan or Zen text, the Lidai fabao ji, an important early text that was discovered in the Mogao caves of Dunhuang in 1900, and which had been lost for many years. Adamak finds that this text provides an important prototype of two genres, the “discourse records” (yulu) and the “transmission of the lamp records” (chuangdeng lu). This important early Zen text sheds light on the development of characteristically Zen genres in the Sung dynasty, and on the hagiographical styles that became central to the Chan tradition in that era.
Malcolm Schofield
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199289974
- eISBN:
- 9780191711008
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289974.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
Of all Plato's memorable images, the Cave is the most compelling, and it is possibly ‘the most famous metaphor in the history of philosophy’. However, it remains a challenge for philosophical ...
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Of all Plato's memorable images, the Cave is the most compelling, and it is possibly ‘the most famous metaphor in the history of philosophy’. However, it remains a challenge for philosophical scholarship, given that a determinate interpretation has eluded commentators. This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the Cave's place in the developing argument of the Republic, and the interpretation of the image Socrates supplies in order to explain the way it contributes to that argument. This is followed by a longer section on the Cave as actually narrated. The chapter then offers some brief concluding reflections: on why Plato may have decided to combine two such very different projects, and on how his instructions for rereading nonetheless leave them different. The goal is to liberate readers of Plato from the tyranny of thinking they have to find significance simultaneously ethical and mathematical in every detail of the Cave narrative, harnessed to just one overarching interpretation.Less
Of all Plato's memorable images, the Cave is the most compelling, and it is possibly ‘the most famous metaphor in the history of philosophy’. However, it remains a challenge for philosophical scholarship, given that a determinate interpretation has eluded commentators. This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the Cave's place in the developing argument of the Republic, and the interpretation of the image Socrates supplies in order to explain the way it contributes to that argument. This is followed by a longer section on the Cave as actually narrated. The chapter then offers some brief concluding reflections: on why Plato may have decided to combine two such very different projects, and on how his instructions for rereading nonetheless leave them different. The goal is to liberate readers of Plato from the tyranny of thinking they have to find significance simultaneously ethical and mathematical in every detail of the Cave narrative, harnessed to just one overarching interpretation.
Peter Gardenfors
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198528517
- eISBN:
- 9780191689543
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528517.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Our ability to think is one of our most puzzling characteristics. What would it be like to be unable to think? What would it be like to lack self-awareness? The complexity of this activity is ...
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Our ability to think is one of our most puzzling characteristics. What would it be like to be unable to think? What would it be like to lack self-awareness? The complexity of this activity is striking. Thinking involves the interaction of a range of mental processes — attention, emotion, memory, planning, self-consciousness, free will, and language. So where did these processes arise? What evolutionary advantages were bestowed upon those with an ability to deceive, to plan, to empathize, or to understand the intentions of others? In this compelling work, the author embarks on an evolutionary detective story to try and solve one of the big mysteries surrounding human existence — how has the modern human being's way of thinking come into existence? He starts by taking in turn the more basic cognitive processes, such as attention and memory, then builds upon these to explore more complex behaviours, such as self-consciousness, mindreading, and imitation. Having done this, he examines the consequences of ‘putting thought into the world’, using external media like cave paintings, drawings and writing.Less
Our ability to think is one of our most puzzling characteristics. What would it be like to be unable to think? What would it be like to lack self-awareness? The complexity of this activity is striking. Thinking involves the interaction of a range of mental processes — attention, emotion, memory, planning, self-consciousness, free will, and language. So where did these processes arise? What evolutionary advantages were bestowed upon those with an ability to deceive, to plan, to empathize, or to understand the intentions of others? In this compelling work, the author embarks on an evolutionary detective story to try and solve one of the big mysteries surrounding human existence — how has the modern human being's way of thinking come into existence? He starts by taking in turn the more basic cognitive processes, such as attention and memory, then builds upon these to explore more complex behaviours, such as self-consciousness, mindreading, and imitation. Having done this, he examines the consequences of ‘putting thought into the world’, using external media like cave paintings, drawings and writing.
Corinne Ondine Pache
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195339369
- eISBN:
- 9780199867134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195339369.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Ancient Religions
Chapter 2 turns to nympholepsy understood as possession and looks at “real-life” nympholepts. It includes a survey of the archaeological evidence from caves and sanctuaries, including inscriptions ...
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Chapter 2 turns to nympholepsy understood as possession and looks at “real-life” nympholepts. It includes a survey of the archaeological evidence from caves and sanctuaries, including inscriptions and reliefs, built for the nymphs by ancient nympholêptoi. The word nympholêptos appears in an inscription found in a cave at Vari in Attica, which provides us with an example of a sanctuary established by a nympholept, Archedemos, in the fifth-century BC. The cave commemorates Archedemos’s encounter with the nymph through inscriptions and statues, including a portrait of the nympholept that shows him building the sanctuary that becomes the focus of his life. Pantalkes, a younger contemporary of Archedemos, built a comparable shrine in a cave at Pharsalos in Thessaly, which becomes a site of pilgrimage. We find another nympholept at Kafizin in Cyprus in a cave where there was cultic activity from 225 to 218 bce. These sanctuaries highlight the personal and transformative nature of the bond between men and nymphs and the ways in which religious experience engender poetic and artistic representations that come to be significant for the community.Less
Chapter 2 turns to nympholepsy understood as possession and looks at “real-life” nympholepts. It includes a survey of the archaeological evidence from caves and sanctuaries, including inscriptions and reliefs, built for the nymphs by ancient nympholêptoi. The word nympholêptos appears in an inscription found in a cave at Vari in Attica, which provides us with an example of a sanctuary established by a nympholept, Archedemos, in the fifth-century BC. The cave commemorates Archedemos’s encounter with the nymph through inscriptions and statues, including a portrait of the nympholept that shows him building the sanctuary that becomes the focus of his life. Pantalkes, a younger contemporary of Archedemos, built a comparable shrine in a cave at Pharsalos in Thessaly, which becomes a site of pilgrimage. We find another nympholept at Kafizin in Cyprus in a cave where there was cultic activity from 225 to 218 bce. These sanctuaries highlight the personal and transformative nature of the bond between men and nymphs and the ways in which religious experience engender poetic and artistic representations that come to be significant for the community.
Rick Peterson
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781526118868
- eISBN:
- 9781526144645
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526118868.001.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
The book studies Neolithic burial in Britain by focussing primarily on evidence from caves. It interprets human remains from 48 Neolithic caves and compares them to what we know of Neolithic ...
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The book studies Neolithic burial in Britain by focussing primarily on evidence from caves. It interprets human remains from 48 Neolithic caves and compares them to what we know of Neolithic collective burial elsewhere in Britain and Europe. It provides a contextual archaeology of these cave burials, treating them as important evidence for the study of Neolithic mortuary practice generally. It begins with a thoroughly contextualized review of the evidence from the karst regions of Europe. It then goes on to provide an up to date and critical review of the archaeology of Neolithic funerary practice. This review uses the ethnographically documented concept of the ‘intermediary period’ in multi-stage burials to integrate archaeological evidence, cave sedimentology and taphonomy. Neolithic caves, environments and the dead bodies within them would also have been perceived as active subjects with similar kinds of agency to the living. The book demonstrates that cave burial was one of the earliest elements of the British Neolithic. It also shows that Early Neolithic cave burial practice was very varied, with many similarities to other Neolithic burial rites. However, by the Middle Neolithic, cave burial had changed and a funerary practice which was specific to caves had developed.Less
The book studies Neolithic burial in Britain by focussing primarily on evidence from caves. It interprets human remains from 48 Neolithic caves and compares them to what we know of Neolithic collective burial elsewhere in Britain and Europe. It provides a contextual archaeology of these cave burials, treating them as important evidence for the study of Neolithic mortuary practice generally. It begins with a thoroughly contextualized review of the evidence from the karst regions of Europe. It then goes on to provide an up to date and critical review of the archaeology of Neolithic funerary practice. This review uses the ethnographically documented concept of the ‘intermediary period’ in multi-stage burials to integrate archaeological evidence, cave sedimentology and taphonomy. Neolithic caves, environments and the dead bodies within them would also have been perceived as active subjects with similar kinds of agency to the living. The book demonstrates that cave burial was one of the earliest elements of the British Neolithic. It also shows that Early Neolithic cave burial practice was very varied, with many similarities to other Neolithic burial rites. However, by the Middle Neolithic, cave burial had changed and a funerary practice which was specific to caves had developed.
Sonya S. Lee
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622091252
- eISBN:
- 9789882207448
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622091252.003.0078
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter discusses the largest reclining Buddha statue ever attempted, housed in a cave temple located near the southernmost tip of Mogao Caves outside Dunhuang. Known by today's numbering system ...
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This chapter discusses the largest reclining Buddha statue ever attempted, housed in a cave temple located near the southernmost tip of Mogao Caves outside Dunhuang. Known by today's numbering system as Cave 148, the structure was built literally to contain an eighteen-meter-long sculpture in an elongated, box-like interior with barrel-vault ceiling. In addition to Cave 148 of the Li family from the eighth century, a previous generation of the same clan also commissioned Cave 332 in 698. Both of the sculptures were built at critical moments in Dunhuang's history as a local response in support of Empress Wu's reign in the capital. Unlike any cave with a Buddhist pantheon so prominently displayed in the west niche as in Cave 45, both Caves 332 and 148 do not allow their viewers to see the colossal statue from the front of the cave.Less
This chapter discusses the largest reclining Buddha statue ever attempted, housed in a cave temple located near the southernmost tip of Mogao Caves outside Dunhuang. Known by today's numbering system as Cave 148, the structure was built literally to contain an eighteen-meter-long sculpture in an elongated, box-like interior with barrel-vault ceiling. In addition to Cave 148 of the Li family from the eighth century, a previous generation of the same clan also commissioned Cave 332 in 698. Both of the sculptures were built at critical moments in Dunhuang's history as a local response in support of Empress Wu's reign in the capital. Unlike any cave with a Buddhist pantheon so prominently displayed in the west niche as in Cave 45, both Caves 332 and 148 do not allow their viewers to see the colossal statue from the front of the cave.
