Andreas Busch
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199218813
- eISBN:
- 9780191711763
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199218813.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Economy
Does globalization erode the nation state's capacity to act? Are nation states forced to change their policies even if this goes against the democratic will of their electorates? How does government ...
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Does globalization erode the nation state's capacity to act? Are nation states forced to change their policies even if this goes against the democratic will of their electorates? How does government action change under conditions of globalization? Questions like these have not only featured highly in political debates in recent years, but also in academic discourse. This book contributes to that debate. The general question it addresses is whether globalization leads to policy convergence — a central, but contested topic in the debate, as theoretical arguments can be advanced both in favour of and against the likelihood of such a development. More specifically, the book contains detailed empirical case studies of four countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Switzerland) in a policy area where state action has been particularly challenged by the emergence of world-wide, around-the-clock financial markets in the last few decades, namely that of the regulation and supervision of the banking industry. Based on careful analysis of historical developments, specific challenges, the character of policy networks and institutions, and their interaction in the political process, this book argues that nation states still possess considerable room for manoeuvre in pursuing their policies. Even if they choose supranational coordination and cooperation, their national institutional configurations still function as filters in the globalization process.Less
Does globalization erode the nation state's capacity to act? Are nation states forced to change their policies even if this goes against the democratic will of their electorates? How does government action change under conditions of globalization? Questions like these have not only featured highly in political debates in recent years, but also in academic discourse. This book contributes to that debate. The general question it addresses is whether globalization leads to policy convergence — a central, but contested topic in the debate, as theoretical arguments can be advanced both in favour of and against the likelihood of such a development. More specifically, the book contains detailed empirical case studies of four countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Switzerland) in a policy area where state action has been particularly challenged by the emergence of world-wide, around-the-clock financial markets in the last few decades, namely that of the regulation and supervision of the banking industry. Based on careful analysis of historical developments, specific challenges, the character of policy networks and institutions, and their interaction in the political process, this book argues that nation states still possess considerable room for manoeuvre in pursuing their policies. Even if they choose supranational coordination and cooperation, their national institutional configurations still function as filters in the globalization process.
Louise Fawcett and Yezid Sayigh (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295518
- eISBN:
- 9780191599217
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295510.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The book analyses the changes that have occurred in developing countries since the end of the Cold War. The first section highlights major areas of change in economics, politics, and security and ...
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The book analyses the changes that have occurred in developing countries since the end of the Cold War. The first section highlights major areas of change in economics, politics, and security and institutions, while the second section develops these themes and reveals the diversity of experience through regional case studies (Latin America, Asia Pacific, Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East).Less
The book analyses the changes that have occurred in developing countries since the end of the Cold War. The first section highlights major areas of change in economics, politics, and security and institutions, while the second section develops these themes and reveals the diversity of experience through regional case studies (Latin America, Asia Pacific, Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East).
Louise Locock, Ewan Ferlie, Sue Dopson, and Louise Fitzgerald
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199259014
- eISBN:
- 9780191718113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259014.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Public Management
This chapter commences with an explanation of positivist and interpretive paradigms in health services research. It then discusses case study design and indicators of ‘good’ quality qualitative ...
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This chapter commences with an explanation of positivist and interpretive paradigms in health services research. It then discusses case study design and indicators of ‘good’ quality qualitative research. The bulk of the chapter considers the aggregation of qualitative research data and a method for accomplishing this.Less
This chapter commences with an explanation of positivist and interpretive paradigms in health services research. It then discusses case study design and indicators of ‘good’ quality qualitative research. The bulk of the chapter considers the aggregation of qualitative research data and a method for accomplishing this.
Jeffrey S. Lantis
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199535019
- eISBN:
- 9780191715952
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199535019.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, International Relations and Politics
This chapter surveys the countries and treaties in the study. It outlines the comparative case study method that will be used throughout the book to explore episodes of treaty ratification struggles, ...
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This chapter surveys the countries and treaties in the study. It outlines the comparative case study method that will be used throughout the book to explore episodes of treaty ratification struggles, including breakdowns and near-breakdowns of international cooperation. Selection of the types of case studies to examine is based upon several criteria, including their fit to the relevant variables in the study and representation of contemporary debates on treaty ratification. Cases represent a range of democratic political systems, in three distinct regions of the world, with key institutional differences. Finally, the chapter examines the actual treaty ratification processes in the five democracies under study: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and the United States.Less
This chapter surveys the countries and treaties in the study. It outlines the comparative case study method that will be used throughout the book to explore episodes of treaty ratification struggles, including breakdowns and near-breakdowns of international cooperation. Selection of the types of case studies to examine is based upon several criteria, including their fit to the relevant variables in the study and representation of contemporary debates on treaty ratification. Cases represent a range of democratic political systems, in three distinct regions of the world, with key institutional differences. Finally, the chapter examines the actual treaty ratification processes in the five democracies under study: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and the United States.
Roger M. Barker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199576814
- eISBN:
- 9780191722509
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576814.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Corporate Governance and Accountability
The rationale for the choice of case studies in Chapters 9 and 10 is described.
The rationale for the choice of case studies in Chapters 9 and 10 is described.
Jonathan Owens
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199290826
- eISBN:
- 9780191710469
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199290826.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics
This chapter recapitulates the main findings of the book. It is emphasized that interpreting Arabic language history requires many more detailed, case studies, models of which are presented in the ...
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This chapter recapitulates the main findings of the book. It is emphasized that interpreting Arabic language history requires many more detailed, case studies, models of which are presented in the preceding chapters. It is suggested that taken as a whole, contemporary Arabic, the dialects, are historically conservative in the sense that they exhibit relatively little change from a reconstructed pre-diasporic Arabic. This implicates a major re-thinking not only of Arabic language history, but also of Semitic in general, which has conventionally assumed the Old Arabic, Neo-Arabic dichotomy. It is further noted that besides a linguistic history, a sociolinguistic history of Arabic is needed to describe and explain the emergence of Classical Arabic.Less
This chapter recapitulates the main findings of the book. It is emphasized that interpreting Arabic language history requires many more detailed, case studies, models of which are presented in the preceding chapters. It is suggested that taken as a whole, contemporary Arabic, the dialects, are historically conservative in the sense that they exhibit relatively little change from a reconstructed pre-diasporic Arabic. This implicates a major re-thinking not only of Arabic language history, but also of Semitic in general, which has conventionally assumed the Old Arabic, Neo-Arabic dichotomy. It is further noted that besides a linguistic history, a sociolinguistic history of Arabic is needed to describe and explain the emergence of Classical Arabic.
Tony Elger and Chris Smith
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199241514
- eISBN:
- 9780191714405
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241514.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
This chapter outlines the logic of the research design and the research methods used to study the operations of five Japanese subsidiaries in Britain. It reviews the different limitations of ...
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This chapter outlines the logic of the research design and the research methods used to study the operations of five Japanese subsidiaries in Britain. It reviews the different limitations of survey-based research and single case research, and advocates theoretically informed multiple case studies to illuminate both the processual dynamics of subsidiary operations and the importance of evolving social contexts. It explains the basis for the selection of the case-study enterprises and outlines the role of extensive interviews with managers and workers, combined with observation and documentary sources, in developing a cumulative understanding of patterns of social relations in each case-study establishment. Finally, it considers the strengths and weaknesses of a particular focus on non-unionized Japanese enterprises in Britain as a basis for contributing to the analysis of the overseas operations of multinational firms more generally.Less
This chapter outlines the logic of the research design and the research methods used to study the operations of five Japanese subsidiaries in Britain. It reviews the different limitations of survey-based research and single case research, and advocates theoretically informed multiple case studies to illuminate both the processual dynamics of subsidiary operations and the importance of evolving social contexts. It explains the basis for the selection of the case-study enterprises and outlines the role of extensive interviews with managers and workers, combined with observation and documentary sources, in developing a cumulative understanding of patterns of social relations in each case-study establishment. Finally, it considers the strengths and weaknesses of a particular focus on non-unionized Japanese enterprises in Britain as a basis for contributing to the analysis of the overseas operations of multinational firms more generally.
Markus Haverland
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199252091
- eISBN:
- 9780191599224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199252092.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Focusing on environmental policies, this chapter aims to contribute to the debate on the politics of Europeanization by presenting the conceptual and theoretical state of the art of research into ...
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Focusing on environmental policies, this chapter aims to contribute to the debate on the politics of Europeanization by presenting the conceptual and theoretical state of the art of research into this specific sector of potential European Union (EU) impact on domestic political systems. The chapter first provides some background information on the essential properties of environmental policy and on the development of EU environmental policy; this is done to explicate the defining characteristics of this sector vis-é-vis other sectors. Next, three recent comparative case studies on the determinants of national adaptation to EU environmental policy requirements are reviewed; these are theoretically informed by either sociological institutionalism or rational choice institutionalism, and arrive at different and partially competing explanations for the variation in national adaptation to European environmental policies. Despite disagreement about the relative importance of the factors and mechanisms of Europeanization, the results of the comparative case studies offer elements for a theory about the conditions of policy adaptation and, by implication, about convergence. Building upon these findings, elements are suggested for a future research agenda based on theoretically informed comparative case studies that gradually include new policy sectors and countries; in addition, the use of counterfactual arguments is proposed to isolate the causal impact of the European Union.Less
Focusing on environmental policies, this chapter aims to contribute to the debate on the politics of Europeanization by presenting the conceptual and theoretical state of the art of research into this specific sector of potential European Union (EU) impact on domestic political systems. The chapter first provides some background information on the essential properties of environmental policy and on the development of EU environmental policy; this is done to explicate the defining characteristics of this sector vis-é-vis other sectors. Next, three recent comparative case studies on the determinants of national adaptation to EU environmental policy requirements are reviewed; these are theoretically informed by either sociological institutionalism or rational choice institutionalism, and arrive at different and partially competing explanations for the variation in national adaptation to European environmental policies. Despite disagreement about the relative importance of the factors and mechanisms of Europeanization, the results of the comparative case studies offer elements for a theory about the conditions of policy adaptation and, by implication, about convergence. Building upon these findings, elements are suggested for a future research agenda based on theoretically informed comparative case studies that gradually include new policy sectors and countries; in addition, the use of counterfactual arguments is proposed to isolate the causal impact of the European Union.
Teri Manolio
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398441
- eISBN:
- 9780199776023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398441.003.0006
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Environmental modifiers of the effects of genetic variants, or gene-environment interactions, have received increased attention in recent years due to the recognition that genetic variants alone are ...
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Environmental modifiers of the effects of genetic variants, or gene-environment interactions, have received increased attention in recent years due to the recognition that genetic variants alone are unlikely to explain most of the recent increases in chronic diseases. Such increases are more likely due to environmental and behavioral changes interacting with a genetic predisposition, suggesting that failing to identify and control environmental modifiers of disease risk could mask important associations with genetic variants or misestimate the magnitude of their effects. Identifying environmental modifiers of these variants may also be essential in mitigating the risk conferred by these variants. Population-based genetic association studies with detailed characterization of environmental exposures are critical and underused resources for identifying potential interacting factors. This chapter explores the substantial and complementary strengths offered by the two main approaches to these studies — case-control and cohort designs — in the search for the genetic and environmental influences on common diseases.Less
Environmental modifiers of the effects of genetic variants, or gene-environment interactions, have received increased attention in recent years due to the recognition that genetic variants alone are unlikely to explain most of the recent increases in chronic diseases. Such increases are more likely due to environmental and behavioral changes interacting with a genetic predisposition, suggesting that failing to identify and control environmental modifiers of disease risk could mask important associations with genetic variants or misestimate the magnitude of their effects. Identifying environmental modifiers of these variants may also be essential in mitigating the risk conferred by these variants. Population-based genetic association studies with detailed characterization of environmental exposures are critical and underused resources for identifying potential interacting factors. This chapter explores the substantial and complementary strengths offered by the two main approaches to these studies — case-control and cohort designs — in the search for the genetic and environmental influences on common diseases.
Andrew Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295105
- eISBN:
- 9780191600128
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295103.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This work deals with the region of southern Africa in relation to democratic consolidation, dynamic modes of representation, and the mitigation of ethnic (and regional) conflict. It starts with the ...
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This work deals with the region of southern Africa in relation to democratic consolidation, dynamic modes of representation, and the mitigation of ethnic (and regional) conflict. It starts with the premise that all three objectives are desirable, and poses the question: which institutional arrangements will best facilitate effective representation, political stability, and interethnic accommodation in the emerging democracies of southern Africa? The answer to this question is sought through a comparative analysis of the effect of institutional structures in five case study countries – Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe – chosen because all have made the transition from non-democratic government to multiparty competition with varying degrees of success, and they represent at least half of the southern African region, so they comprise a useful cross section of democratic types, societal dynamics, and institutional arrangements. The study uses a hybrid methodology drawn from both new institutionalist and cultural, ‘rich descriptive’, traditions, hence, it utilizes comparative electoral systems methodology; at the same time, the discussions of the case studies are based on detailed social and politically historical descriptions. The Introduction is arranged in five main parts which: address the relevance of question of the best institutional arrangements for democratization; define the dependent (object of study), intervening, and independent (macro-institutional explanatory) variables used in the study; explain why the focus of the study is on political institutions, and discuss various alternative approaches that could have been taken; and give an outline of the contents of the chapters that follow.Less
This work deals with the region of southern Africa in relation to democratic consolidation, dynamic modes of representation, and the mitigation of ethnic (and regional) conflict. It starts with the premise that all three objectives are desirable, and poses the question: which institutional arrangements will best facilitate effective representation, political stability, and interethnic accommodation in the emerging democracies of southern Africa? The answer to this question is sought through a comparative analysis of the effect of institutional structures in five case study countries – Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe – chosen because all have made the transition from non-democratic government to multiparty competition with varying degrees of success, and they represent at least half of the southern African region, so they comprise a useful cross section of democratic types, societal dynamics, and institutional arrangements. The study uses a hybrid methodology drawn from both new institutionalist and cultural, ‘rich descriptive’, traditions, hence, it utilizes comparative electoral systems methodology; at the same time, the discussions of the case studies are based on detailed social and politically historical descriptions. The Introduction is arranged in five main parts which: address the relevance of question of the best institutional arrangements for democratization; define the dependent (object of study), intervening, and independent (macro-institutional explanatory) variables used in the study; explain why the focus of the study is on political institutions, and discuss various alternative approaches that could have been taken; and give an outline of the contents of the chapters that follow.
Andrew Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295105
- eISBN:
- 9780191600128
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295103.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This is the second of four chapters that discusses the theoretical underpinnings of the research on democratization in southern Africa that is described in the book, as well as providing qualitative ...
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This is the second of four chapters that discusses the theoretical underpinnings of the research on democratization in southern Africa that is described in the book, as well as providing qualitative discussions of democracy in the five country case studies used: Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It first defines the intervening variable of ‘inclusion’, which is described as key to the explanation of how conflicts are best managed within divided societies, and discusses its relationship to the macro-institutional explanatory (independent) variables used in the study. It then defines and describes how to measure each of the explanatory variables used: electoral system type; democratic type (coalitions and grand coalitions – consensual– versus concentrations of executive power; fusion – majoritarian – or separation of executive and legislative powers; unicameralism or bicameralism; type of party system; issues dimensions of partisan conflict; unitary versus federal government; constitutions, minority vetoes, and judicial review); and executive type (presidential or parliamentary). The data obtained for each country are discussed, compared, and summarised in tables.Less
This is the second of four chapters that discusses the theoretical underpinnings of the research on democratization in southern Africa that is described in the book, as well as providing qualitative discussions of democracy in the five country case studies used: Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It first defines the intervening variable of ‘inclusion’, which is described as key to the explanation of how conflicts are best managed within divided societies, and discusses its relationship to the macro-institutional explanatory (independent) variables used in the study. It then defines and describes how to measure each of the explanatory variables used: electoral system type; democratic type (coalitions and grand coalitions – consensual– versus concentrations of executive power; fusion – majoritarian – or separation of executive and legislative powers; unicameralism or bicameralism; type of party system; issues dimensions of partisan conflict; unitary versus federal government; constitutions, minority vetoes, and judicial review); and executive type (presidential or parliamentary). The data obtained for each country are discussed, compared, and summarised in tables.
Don Rose and Cam Patterson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469625263
- eISBN:
- 9781469625287
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469625263.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
Three case studies are presented to demonstrate the key steps discussed in Chapter 3. The case studies are (fictitious) examples of university startups, covering the range of startups typically found ...
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Three case studies are presented to demonstrate the key steps discussed in Chapter 3. The case studies are (fictitious) examples of university startups, covering the range of startups typically found spinning out of university. Oncotica is developing a drug for cancer. They required many years, significant capital, and diversity to get the product on the market. SensorLogix is developing a sensor to monitor gases in a variety of environments, from home to work to the outside air. They pursue partners in trying to get their product on the market. Cylent provides a software solution for servers.Less
Three case studies are presented to demonstrate the key steps discussed in Chapter 3. The case studies are (fictitious) examples of university startups, covering the range of startups typically found spinning out of university. Oncotica is developing a drug for cancer. They required many years, significant capital, and diversity to get the product on the market. SensorLogix is developing a sensor to monitor gases in a variety of environments, from home to work to the outside air. They pursue partners in trying to get their product on the market. Cylent provides a software solution for servers.
Julian Little, Julian P. T. Higgins, John P. A. Ioannidis, David Moher, France Gagnon, Erik von Elm, Muin J. Khoury, Barbara Cohen, George Davey Smith, Jeremy Grimshaw, Paul Scheet, Marta Gwinn, Robin E. Williamson, Guang Yong Zou, Kimberley Hutchings, Candice Y. Johnson, Valerie Tait, Miriam Wiens, Jean Golding, Cornelia M. van Duijn, John McLaughlin, Andrew Paterson, George Wells, Isabel Fortier, Matthew Freedman, Maja Zecevic, Richard A. King, Claire Infante-Rivard, Alexandre Stewart, and Nick Birkett
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398441
- eISBN:
- 9780199776023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398441.003.0010
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter proposes and justifies a set of guiding principles for reporting results of genetic association studies. The epidemiology community has recently developed the STrengthening the Reporting ...
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This chapter proposes and justifies a set of guiding principles for reporting results of genetic association studies. The epidemiology community has recently developed the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. Given the relevance of general epidemiologic principles for genetic association studies, recommendations are proposed in an extension of the STROBE Statement called the STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) Statement. The recommendations of the STROBE Statement have a strong foundation because they are based on empirical evidence on the reporting of observational studies, and because they involved extensive consultations in the epidemiologic research community.Less
This chapter proposes and justifies a set of guiding principles for reporting results of genetic association studies. The epidemiology community has recently developed the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. Given the relevance of general epidemiologic principles for genetic association studies, recommendations are proposed in an extension of the STROBE Statement called the STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) Statement. The recommendations of the STROBE Statement have a strong foundation because they are based on empirical evidence on the reporting of observational studies, and because they involved extensive consultations in the epidemiologic research community.
Patricia L. Rosenfield and Frank Kessel
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195324273
- eISBN:
- 9780199893966
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195324273.003.0025
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter reviews the case studies discussed in the preceding chapters. It considers some of the significant theoretical and empirical findings that have emerged from these research programs. It ...
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This chapter reviews the case studies discussed in the preceding chapters. It considers some of the significant theoretical and empirical findings that have emerged from these research programs. It then sketches aspects of the broader framework of research processes within which such findings were produced. Following that, the chapter attempts to tease out the main facilitating and constraining factors associated with interdisciplinary efforts.Less
This chapter reviews the case studies discussed in the preceding chapters. It considers some of the significant theoretical and empirical findings that have emerged from these research programs. It then sketches aspects of the broader framework of research processes within which such findings were produced. Following that, the chapter attempts to tease out the main facilitating and constraining factors associated with interdisciplinary efforts.
Robin Peth Pierce, Serene Olin, Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood, and Peter Jensen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195307825
- eISBN:
- 9780199863402
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307825.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation, Children and Families
This chapter is a casebook of specific examples, drawn largely from interviews conducted with community researchers studying different aspects of children's health. The cases are intended to serve as ...
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This chapter is a casebook of specific examples, drawn largely from interviews conducted with community researchers studying different aspects of children's health. The cases are intended to serve as a reference guide for those wanting to conduct collaborative community research.Less
This chapter is a casebook of specific examples, drawn largely from interviews conducted with community researchers studying different aspects of children's health. The cases are intended to serve as a reference guide for those wanting to conduct collaborative community research.
Hussein Kassim
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296645
- eISBN:
- 9780191599613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296649.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This concluding chapter has three main aims: to identify the main findings that emerge from the ten country case studies presented in the book; to present an argument about the factors that shape the ...
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This concluding chapter has three main aims: to identify the main findings that emerge from the ten country case studies presented in the book; to present an argument about the factors that shape the strategies and structures of national co-ordination; and to draw attention to a number of wider issues on the basis of what the findings suggest. The first finding is that European integration exerts a powerful need for co-ordination on the part of governments and that European Union (EU) policy-making has become an important locus of domestic co-ordination for governments; however, membership of the Union confronts the member states with very specific challenges, and meeting its complex demands is extremely problematic. Second, national responses to the demands of EU membership have led to a redefinition of the functions traditionally performed by some actors and a recasting or recalibration of interinstitutional relationships. Third, there are important similarities between the way in which the member states co-ordinate their European policies, although diversity persists and institutional convergence is limited in scope and extent. The main part of the conclusion presents a cross-national view of the co-ordination of EU policy, looking at similarities and differences and explaining them; the last part presents concluding remarks on the effectiveness of national co-ordination systems, co-ordination as a process, the systemic implications (impact) of the findings, and theoretical issues.Less
This concluding chapter has three main aims: to identify the main findings that emerge from the ten country case studies presented in the book; to present an argument about the factors that shape the strategies and structures of national co-ordination; and to draw attention to a number of wider issues on the basis of what the findings suggest. The first finding is that European integration exerts a powerful need for co-ordination on the part of governments and that European Union (EU) policy-making has become an important locus of domestic co-ordination for governments; however, membership of the Union confronts the member states with very specific challenges, and meeting its complex demands is extremely problematic. Second, national responses to the demands of EU membership have led to a redefinition of the functions traditionally performed by some actors and a recasting or recalibration of interinstitutional relationships. Third, there are important similarities between the way in which the member states co-ordinate their European policies, although diversity persists and institutional convergence is limited in scope and extent. The main part of the conclusion presents a cross-national view of the co-ordination of EU policy, looking at similarities and differences and explaining them; the last part presents concluding remarks on the effectiveness of national co-ordination systems, co-ordination as a process, the systemic implications (impact) of the findings, and theoretical issues.
Gráinne de Búrca
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199257409
- eISBN:
- 9780191600951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019925740X.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Considers the role that the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has played in the evolution of EU law, and places recent developments in the context of longer‐term trends in the jurisprudence of the ...
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Considers the role that the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has played in the evolution of EU law, and places recent developments in the context of longer‐term trends in the jurisprudence of the Court. Rather than debating the question of what kind of institutional actor the ECJ is within the EU political system, the chapter proceeds on the premise that the Court is a purposive actor that nonetheless considers itself to be constrained in significant ways by the text of the EC Treaties, by its own previous body of case law, and in different ways by the political and social context within which it operates. Reflects on the polity‐shaping impacts of the case law of the ECJ, including the effects on EU and national political organizations and on the notion of a European citizen, and, finally, how the Court may or may not be responding to the changing nature of EU law. Various case studies on case law are included. The four sections of the chapter are: Introduction; The Court and the Political Decision‐Making Bodies: Policing of the Bounds of EU Power; The Court and the Individual; and Conclusion.Less
Considers the role that the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has played in the evolution of EU law, and places recent developments in the context of longer‐term trends in the jurisprudence of the Court. Rather than debating the question of what kind of institutional actor the ECJ is within the EU political system, the chapter proceeds on the premise that the Court is a purposive actor that nonetheless considers itself to be constrained in significant ways by the text of the EC Treaties, by its own previous body of case law, and in different ways by the political and social context within which it operates. Reflects on the polity‐shaping impacts of the case law of the ECJ, including the effects on EU and national political organizations and on the notion of a European citizen, and, finally, how the Court may or may not be responding to the changing nature of EU law. Various case studies on case law are included. The four sections of the chapter are: Introduction; The Court and the Political Decision‐Making Bodies: Policing of the Bounds of EU Power; The Court and the Individual; and Conclusion.
David B. Resnik
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195309782
- eISBN:
- 9780199871285
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309782.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter describes the financial and economic aspects of modern science. It discusses industry and government funding of research, as well as technology transfer. It also examines some ...
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This chapter describes the financial and economic aspects of modern science. It discusses industry and government funding of research, as well as technology transfer. It also examines some significant case studies involving money and science, such as the Human Genome Project, Nancy Olivieri, Merck and Vioxx, tobacco research, Jesse Gelsinger’s death in a gene therapy clinical trial, John Moore’s cell line, and embryonic stem cell research. An overview of the book is also provided.Less
This chapter describes the financial and economic aspects of modern science. It discusses industry and government funding of research, as well as technology transfer. It also examines some significant case studies involving money and science, such as the Human Genome Project, Nancy Olivieri, Merck and Vioxx, tobacco research, Jesse Gelsinger’s death in a gene therapy clinical trial, John Moore’s cell line, and embryonic stem cell research. An overview of the book is also provided.
Catalina Smulovitz and Enrique Peruzzotti
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199256372
- eISBN:
- 9780191602368
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199256373.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter examines the interactions between societal and horizontal mechanisms of accountability in Latin America. The analysis of two case studies shows that the activation of the horizontal ...
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This chapter examines the interactions between societal and horizontal mechanisms of accountability in Latin America. The analysis of two case studies shows that the activation of the horizontal mechanisms was possible due to pressures from below. The actions of individuals, associations, and the media transformed local and particular cases into issues on the public agenda. The constructed public issue, in turn, became a denunciation of the failure of horizontal mechanism of accountability, and a demand of their proper operation.Less
This chapter examines the interactions between societal and horizontal mechanisms of accountability in Latin America. The analysis of two case studies shows that the activation of the horizontal mechanisms was possible due to pressures from below. The actions of individuals, associations, and the media transformed local and particular cases into issues on the public agenda. The constructed public issue, in turn, became a denunciation of the failure of horizontal mechanism of accountability, and a demand of their proper operation.
Andrew Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198295105
- eISBN:
- 9780191600128
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198295103.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter and the next describe the political histories of the case studies presented in the book, paying particular attention to their democratic transitions, institutional choices, and ...
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This chapter and the next describe the political histories of the case studies presented in the book, paying particular attention to their democratic transitions, institutional choices, and experience of multiparty elections. Together with Ch. 7, they form the historical, empirical, and quantitative heart of the book, providing the foundational evidence against which earlier postulated theories are gauged (Chs 1 and 2), and upon which subsequent comparisons, recommendations, and conclusions are based. Chapter 5 deals with the plurality single-member districts (SMD) case studies undertaken in Malawi and Zambia, and the proportional representation (PR) and plurality SMD case studies in Zimbabwe (which used PR for its first two elections and plurality SMD for the next three). For each case study, full numerical results are given, along with an explanation of the electoral system formula and how that system came to be used; also included are summaries of the implications, for both parties and government, of election results, defining aspects of each newly elected parliament, and the election campaign that preceded it; the question of the validity and legitimacy of each published result is also addressed. A re-running exercise is carried out in Ch. 7 that uses the results presented here, and is based on the alternative vote in single-member districts (AV-SMD), the alternative vote in multi-member districts (AV-MMD), list PR in regionally defined multi-member districts, and list PR in one national multi-member districts; the list PR elections held in Zimbabwe are also re-run in Ch. 7 under plurality SMD, AV-SMD, and AV-SMD, together with the list PR method not utilized in the actual elections.Less
This chapter and the next describe the political histories of the case studies presented in the book, paying particular attention to their democratic transitions, institutional choices, and experience of multiparty elections. Together with Ch. 7, they form the historical, empirical, and quantitative heart of the book, providing the foundational evidence against which earlier postulated theories are gauged (Chs 1 and 2), and upon which subsequent comparisons, recommendations, and conclusions are based. Chapter 5 deals with the plurality single-member districts (SMD) case studies undertaken in Malawi and Zambia, and the proportional representation (PR) and plurality SMD case studies in Zimbabwe (which used PR for its first two elections and plurality SMD for the next three). For each case study, full numerical results are given, along with an explanation of the electoral system formula and how that system came to be used; also included are summaries of the implications, for both parties and government, of election results, defining aspects of each newly elected parliament, and the election campaign that preceded it; the question of the validity and legitimacy of each published result is also addressed. A re-running exercise is carried out in Ch. 7 that uses the results presented here, and is based on the alternative vote in single-member districts (AV-SMD), the alternative vote in multi-member districts (AV-MMD), list PR in regionally defined multi-member districts, and list PR in one national multi-member districts; the list PR elections held in Zimbabwe are also re-run in Ch. 7 under plurality SMD, AV-SMD, and AV-SMD, together with the list PR method not utilized in the actual elections.
