Timothy Larsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199570096
- eISBN:
- 9780191725661
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570096.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Biblical Studies
Mary Carpenter's wider Victorian reputation rested on her prominent work as a social reformer. The primary focus of these endeavours was the education and care of deprived or delinquent children or ...
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Mary Carpenter's wider Victorian reputation rested on her prominent work as a social reformer. The primary focus of these endeavours was the education and care of deprived or delinquent children or youths. Her father was Lant Carpenter, a leading Unitarian theologian. This chapter recovers the dominance of the biblical rather than liberal version of Unitarianism in mid-nineteenth-century England. Lant Carpenter advocated for Unitarianism on the grounds that it was more biblical than other Christian traditions in books such as Comparative View of the Scriptural Evidence for Unitarianism and Trinitarianism. Mary Carpenter carried on in this tradition, compiling a devotional aid to daily Bible reading and prioritizing Scripture in her schools for delinquent and neglected children.Less
Mary Carpenter's wider Victorian reputation rested on her prominent work as a social reformer. The primary focus of these endeavours was the education and care of deprived or delinquent children or youths. Her father was Lant Carpenter, a leading Unitarian theologian. This chapter recovers the dominance of the biblical rather than liberal version of Unitarianism in mid-nineteenth-century England. Lant Carpenter advocated for Unitarianism on the grounds that it was more biblical than other Christian traditions in books such as Comparative View of the Scriptural Evidence for Unitarianism and Trinitarianism. Mary Carpenter carried on in this tradition, compiling a devotional aid to daily Bible reading and prioritizing Scripture in her schools for delinquent and neglected children.
Aaron Allen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474442381
- eISBN:
- 9781474453943
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442381.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
Masons, carpenters and glaziers were all needed to build a house, but in many cities such trades had separate companies. In Edinburgh, however, they banded together in a single incorporation to seek ...
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Masons, carpenters and glaziers were all needed to build a house, but in many cities such trades had separate companies. In Edinburgh, however, they banded together in a single incorporation to seek control of the labour market and defend their privileged position. Such issues were often contested by unfree competitors, municipal regulators and powerful customers. Therefore unity was needed to defend their position and privileges, but with ten unequal arts vying for control of the composite corporate body, how was such unity to be secured? The Edinburgh Incorporation of Mary’s Chapel looked to the models of the family and the household.Less
Masons, carpenters and glaziers were all needed to build a house, but in many cities such trades had separate companies. In Edinburgh, however, they banded together in a single incorporation to seek control of the labour market and defend their privileged position. Such issues were often contested by unfree competitors, municipal regulators and powerful customers. Therefore unity was needed to defend their position and privileges, but with ten unequal arts vying for control of the composite corporate body, how was such unity to be secured? The Edinburgh Incorporation of Mary’s Chapel looked to the models of the family and the household.
Paul Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199279432
- eISBN:
- 9780191603440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199279438.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
The study of explanations in Part II commences with some notable transpersonal approaches to extrovertive mystical experience from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. R. M. Bucke and ...
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The study of explanations in Part II commences with some notable transpersonal approaches to extrovertive mystical experience from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. R. M. Bucke and Edward Carpenter put forward evolutionary theories of cosmic consciousness, and Carpenter’s theory of race-consciousness and the Ideas anticipated C. G. Jung’s theory of the collective unconscious and the archetypes. Liberal Christian thinkers balanced transcendent mysticism with the immanent path of nature mysticism, and thereby established an influential twofold typology of mystical experience. These thinkers looked outside a narrowly conceived Christianity for ideas that would enrich their explanatory frameworks: W. R. Inge drew on Plotinian philosophy, Evelyn Underhill on Henri Bergson’s vitalism, and Rudolf Otto on post-Kantian epistemology.Less
The study of explanations in Part II commences with some notable transpersonal approaches to extrovertive mystical experience from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. R. M. Bucke and Edward Carpenter put forward evolutionary theories of cosmic consciousness, and Carpenter’s theory of race-consciousness and the Ideas anticipated C. G. Jung’s theory of the collective unconscious and the archetypes. Liberal Christian thinkers balanced transcendent mysticism with the immanent path of nature mysticism, and thereby established an influential twofold typology of mystical experience. These thinkers looked outside a narrowly conceived Christianity for ideas that would enrich their explanatory frameworks: W. R. Inge drew on Plotinian philosophy, Evelyn Underhill on Henri Bergson’s vitalism, and Rudolf Otto on post-Kantian epistemology.
Paul Marshall
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- February 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199279432
- eISBN:
- 9780191603440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199279438.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Spiritual approaches to mystical experience can be fleshed out with insights from the sciences and philosophy. Two overlapping ways of understanding the consciousness expansions of mystical ...
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Spiritual approaches to mystical experience can be fleshed out with insights from the sciences and philosophy. Two overlapping ways of understanding the consciousness expansions of mystical experience are distinguished. Filtration theorists, such as Henri Bergson, William James, and Aldous Huxley, believe that access to previously subconscious material takes place when neurological or psychological valves open. Psychophysical theorists draw on mind-body metaphysics to explain how consciousness can reach into the world at large. Several metaphysical alternatives are considered, including dualism, dual-aspect theory, and neutral monism, but idealism emerges as best suited to the task. J. E. Mercer and Edward Carpenter proposed idealist explanations, and more recently, T. L. S. Sprigge has raised idealism in connection with nature mysticism. A panpsychic form of idealism that reworks Leibniz’s monadology is a particularly fertile option. It not only addresses the deeper unitive and noetic facets of extrovertive experience but may also shed light on the relativity and holism of modern physics.Less
Spiritual approaches to mystical experience can be fleshed out with insights from the sciences and philosophy. Two overlapping ways of understanding the consciousness expansions of mystical experience are distinguished. Filtration theorists, such as Henri Bergson, William James, and Aldous Huxley, believe that access to previously subconscious material takes place when neurological or psychological valves open. Psychophysical theorists draw on mind-body metaphysics to explain how consciousness can reach into the world at large. Several metaphysical alternatives are considered, including dualism, dual-aspect theory, and neutral monism, but idealism emerges as best suited to the task. J. E. Mercer and Edward Carpenter proposed idealist explanations, and more recently, T. L. S. Sprigge has raised idealism in connection with nature mysticism. A panpsychic form of idealism that reworks Leibniz’s monadology is a particularly fertile option. It not only addresses the deeper unitive and noetic facets of extrovertive experience but may also shed light on the relativity and holism of modern physics.
Ruth Livesey
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263983
- eISBN:
- 9780191734731
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263983.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Schreiner's good friend Edward Carpenter was her chief source of news about the socialist movement during her self-imposed exiles on the continent throughout the later 1880s. Carpenter sought to ...
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Schreiner's good friend Edward Carpenter was her chief source of news about the socialist movement during her self-imposed exiles on the continent throughout the later 1880s. Carpenter sought to reshape masculinity and civilization through sexual desire itself. This chapter examines how the fads of vegetarianism, Jaegerism, and sandal wearing came to be associated with socialism in the last decades of the nineteenth century. It argues that for Carpenter and George Bernard Shaw, these ascetic regimes provided a means of investigating and reforming conventional ideals of masculinity. Both writers represent such fads as bodily labour and discipline, thus overcoming the opposition between the man of letters and the manly labourer. While Carpenter's theory of Lamarckian biological idealism concluded that such practices would result in species change and a socialist utopia of liberated sexual bodies, Shaw's regime aimed to supplement the necessary redistribution of capital.Less
Schreiner's good friend Edward Carpenter was her chief source of news about the socialist movement during her self-imposed exiles on the continent throughout the later 1880s. Carpenter sought to reshape masculinity and civilization through sexual desire itself. This chapter examines how the fads of vegetarianism, Jaegerism, and sandal wearing came to be associated with socialism in the last decades of the nineteenth century. It argues that for Carpenter and George Bernard Shaw, these ascetic regimes provided a means of investigating and reforming conventional ideals of masculinity. Both writers represent such fads as bodily labour and discipline, thus overcoming the opposition between the man of letters and the manly labourer. While Carpenter's theory of Lamarckian biological idealism concluded that such practices would result in species change and a socialist utopia of liberated sexual bodies, Shaw's regime aimed to supplement the necessary redistribution of capital.
Mark Bevir
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691150833
- eISBN:
- 9781400840281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691150833.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter highlights some of the themes that distinguish ethical socialism from welfare liberalism as well as other strands of socialism. Several ethical socialists owed a distinctive debt to ...
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This chapter highlights some of the themes that distinguish ethical socialism from welfare liberalism as well as other strands of socialism. Several ethical socialists owed a distinctive debt to American romantics such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whit man. American romanticism initially entered British socialism through the wandering scholar Thomas Davidson, who inspired the Fellowship of the New Life. When Davidson continued on his travels, several of the socialists associated with the Fellowship took their ideals out of London and into the provinces. The most notable example was the libertarian poet Edward Carpenter, who set up the Sheffield Socialist Society and inspired numerous other local groups all across Britain, from Bristol to Nottingham and on to Bolton.Less
This chapter highlights some of the themes that distinguish ethical socialism from welfare liberalism as well as other strands of socialism. Several ethical socialists owed a distinctive debt to American romantics such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whit man. American romanticism initially entered British socialism through the wandering scholar Thomas Davidson, who inspired the Fellowship of the New Life. When Davidson continued on his travels, several of the socialists associated with the Fellowship took their ideals out of London and into the provinces. The most notable example was the libertarian poet Edward Carpenter, who set up the Sheffield Socialist Society and inspired numerous other local groups all across Britain, from Bristol to Nottingham and on to Bolton.
Michael Robertson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691154169
- eISBN:
- 9781400889600
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691154169.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
For readers reared on the dystopian visions of Nineteen Eighty-Four and The Handmaid's Tale, the idea of a perfect society may sound more sinister than enticing. This literary history of a time ...
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For readers reared on the dystopian visions of Nineteen Eighty-Four and The Handmaid's Tale, the idea of a perfect society may sound more sinister than enticing. This literary history of a time before “Orwellian” entered the cultural lexicon reintroduces us to a vital strain of utopianism that seized the imaginations of late-nineteenth-century American and British writers. The book delves into the biographies of four key figures—Edward Bellamy, William Morris, Edward Carpenter, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman—who lived during an extraordinary period of literary and social experimentation. The publication of Bellamy's Looking Backward in 1888 opened the floodgates of an unprecedented wave of utopian literature. Morris, the Arts and Crafts pioneer, was a committed socialist whose News from Nowhere envisions a workers' Arcadia. Carpenter boldly argued that homosexuals constitute a utopian vanguard. Gilman, a women's rights activist and the author of “The Yellow Wallpaper,” wrote numerous utopian fictions. These writers, this book shows, shared a belief in radical equality, imagining an end to class and gender hierarchies and envisioning new forms of familial and romantic relationships. They held liberal religious beliefs about a universal spirit uniting humanity. They believed in social transformation through nonviolent means and were committed to living a simple life rooted in a restored natural world. And their legacy remains with us today, as the book describes in entertaining first-hand accounts of contemporary utopianism, ranging from Occupy Wall Street to a Radical Faerie retreat.Less
For readers reared on the dystopian visions of Nineteen Eighty-Four and The Handmaid's Tale, the idea of a perfect society may sound more sinister than enticing. This literary history of a time before “Orwellian” entered the cultural lexicon reintroduces us to a vital strain of utopianism that seized the imaginations of late-nineteenth-century American and British writers. The book delves into the biographies of four key figures—Edward Bellamy, William Morris, Edward Carpenter, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman—who lived during an extraordinary period of literary and social experimentation. The publication of Bellamy's Looking Backward in 1888 opened the floodgates of an unprecedented wave of utopian literature. Morris, the Arts and Crafts pioneer, was a committed socialist whose News from Nowhere envisions a workers' Arcadia. Carpenter boldly argued that homosexuals constitute a utopian vanguard. Gilman, a women's rights activist and the author of “The Yellow Wallpaper,” wrote numerous utopian fictions. These writers, this book shows, shared a belief in radical equality, imagining an end to class and gender hierarchies and envisioning new forms of familial and romantic relationships. They held liberal religious beliefs about a universal spirit uniting humanity. They believed in social transformation through nonviolent means and were committed to living a simple life rooted in a restored natural world. And their legacy remains with us today, as the book describes in entertaining first-hand accounts of contemporary utopianism, ranging from Occupy Wall Street to a Radical Faerie retreat.
Ann Fairfax Withington
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195068351
- eISBN:
- 9780199853984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195068351.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter details the different prevailing notions and conceptions on the implications and effects of theater and comedies on the morals of the society and the awarding of justice and execution. ...
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This chapter details the different prevailing notions and conceptions on the implications and effects of theater and comedies on the morals of the society and the awarding of justice and execution. In the 18th century, comedies and tragedies were considered studies of virtue and vice. Comedies bared vices while tragedies showed the awful consequences of vices. For the aesthetic moralists, comedies were a representation of the real world and human actions where audience could be exposed to the educational values of the plays. Meanwhile for the ascetic moralists, plays and comedies were propagators of vices and temptations. Comedies were seen as exploitations which could infect society and its morals. Slanting to the ideals of the ascetic moralists, the Congress of 1774 at Carpenter's Hall banned theaters and through that the possible values and lessons it could impart. In the light of discussing the nature of comedies and their perceived impacts on society and its morals, the chapter also discusses the real drama of life and its linkage to the fictitious world and the characters the comedies portrayed. In this chapter, the deceptions and disguises of comedies are placed in likeness to the intrigues and disguises of real-world crimes. It also discusses the similarity of comedies to executions. The executions presented mirror images of comedies. The chapter argues that executions, like the comedies, elicited a great pot of compassion from the struggles of the heroes in the comedies and the repentance of the criminals in executions: both presented moral experience in the form of moral drama and performances.Less
This chapter details the different prevailing notions and conceptions on the implications and effects of theater and comedies on the morals of the society and the awarding of justice and execution. In the 18th century, comedies and tragedies were considered studies of virtue and vice. Comedies bared vices while tragedies showed the awful consequences of vices. For the aesthetic moralists, comedies were a representation of the real world and human actions where audience could be exposed to the educational values of the plays. Meanwhile for the ascetic moralists, plays and comedies were propagators of vices and temptations. Comedies were seen as exploitations which could infect society and its morals. Slanting to the ideals of the ascetic moralists, the Congress of 1774 at Carpenter's Hall banned theaters and through that the possible values and lessons it could impart. In the light of discussing the nature of comedies and their perceived impacts on society and its morals, the chapter also discusses the real drama of life and its linkage to the fictitious world and the characters the comedies portrayed. In this chapter, the deceptions and disguises of comedies are placed in likeness to the intrigues and disguises of real-world crimes. It also discusses the similarity of comedies to executions. The executions presented mirror images of comedies. The chapter argues that executions, like the comedies, elicited a great pot of compassion from the struggles of the heroes in the comedies and the repentance of the criminals in executions: both presented moral experience in the form of moral drama and performances.
Jane Wood
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198187608
- eISBN:
- 9780191674723
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198187608.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This book demonstrates medical arguments about the nature of the relationship between the physical, mental, and social aspects of men's and women's lives. Neurology is the branch of medicine that is ...
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This book demonstrates medical arguments about the nature of the relationship between the physical, mental, and social aspects of men's and women's lives. Neurology is the branch of medicine that is central to this book. Here, the medical writers all move beyond the particulars of their specialisms to ponder ethical and philosophical questions raised by their scientific observations. William Carpenter, Thomas Laycock, and Henry Maudsley are three examples of doctors whose treatises on cerebral and neurological functioning slid almost imperceptibly into elegant disquisitions on the nature of consciousness and the elusive relationship of body and mind.Less
This book demonstrates medical arguments about the nature of the relationship between the physical, mental, and social aspects of men's and women's lives. Neurology is the branch of medicine that is central to this book. Here, the medical writers all move beyond the particulars of their specialisms to ponder ethical and philosophical questions raised by their scientific observations. William Carpenter, Thomas Laycock, and Henry Maudsley are three examples of doctors whose treatises on cerebral and neurological functioning slid almost imperceptibly into elegant disquisitions on the nature of consciousness and the elusive relationship of body and mind.
Sean P. Cunningham
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125763
- eISBN:
- 9780813135441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125763.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Ben Carpenter, president of the conservative Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association, delivered a speech at the organization's annual membership convention on March 26, 1968. He compared ...
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Ben Carpenter, president of the conservative Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association, delivered a speech at the organization's annual membership convention on March 26, 1968. He compared America's decline to the dissolution of “the great political force which had held the civilized world together for more than 500 years.” Carpenter warned of rising crime rates, particularly rampant rape, and said that regardless of the “liberal” perspective, America had not always been “that way.” The hypermasculine posturing of men like Carpenter also grew out of notions of white southern honor and the impulse to protect family, home, and tradition against “invasion.”Less
Ben Carpenter, president of the conservative Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association, delivered a speech at the organization's annual membership convention on March 26, 1968. He compared America's decline to the dissolution of “the great political force which had held the civilized world together for more than 500 years.” Carpenter warned of rising crime rates, particularly rampant rape, and said that regardless of the “liberal” perspective, America had not always been “that way.” The hypermasculine posturing of men like Carpenter also grew out of notions of white southern honor and the impulse to protect family, home, and tradition against “invasion.”
Daniel Ingram
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813037974
- eISBN:
- 9780813042169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813037974.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter studies Fort Loudoun, built by South Carolina in 1756 in the remote Overhill region of what is now eastern Tennessee, to protect their western frontier from French and Indian attack. ...
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This chapter studies Fort Loudoun, built by South Carolina in 1756 in the remote Overhill region of what is now eastern Tennessee, to protect their western frontier from French and Indian attack. However, the purpose of the fort was not to provide military might or intimidation, but to please the province's powerful Cherokee allies. The Cherokee had requested the fort for protection and status, and would provide the defense South Carolina wanted if their demands were properly satisfied. Fort Loudoun's creation, and the participation of leaders Little Carpenter and Old Hop, shows that Cherokee culture and ambitions were more important than troops and bulwarks in managing and defending the colonial backcountry.Less
This chapter studies Fort Loudoun, built by South Carolina in 1756 in the remote Overhill region of what is now eastern Tennessee, to protect their western frontier from French and Indian attack. However, the purpose of the fort was not to provide military might or intimidation, but to please the province's powerful Cherokee allies. The Cherokee had requested the fort for protection and status, and would provide the defense South Carolina wanted if their demands were properly satisfied. Fort Loudoun's creation, and the participation of leaders Little Carpenter and Old Hop, shows that Cherokee culture and ambitions were more important than troops and bulwarks in managing and defending the colonial backcountry.
Stephen Brooke
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199562541
- eISBN:
- 9780191731167
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562541.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Cultural History
The relationship between socialism and sexual reform was mapped in important ways from the 1880s and to the early 1920s by figures such as Edward Carpenter and Stella Browne and organizations such as ...
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The relationship between socialism and sexual reform was mapped in important ways from the 1880s and to the early 1920s by figures such as Edward Carpenter and Stella Browne and organizations such as the Fabian Women’s Group and the Women’s Co-operative Guild. The promotion of the sexual emancipation of women and homosexuals, a commitment to the amelioration of the position of the working-class woman and the working-class family, and the belief that the reform of sexuality was firmly linked to the reform of politics were important aspects of this interest. This chapter explores these links as well as considering how the gendered development of the political Left in Britain, and, in particular, the fledgling Labour Party, disciplined the way sexual issues were approached by socialist and working-class organizationsLess
The relationship between socialism and sexual reform was mapped in important ways from the 1880s and to the early 1920s by figures such as Edward Carpenter and Stella Browne and organizations such as the Fabian Women’s Group and the Women’s Co-operative Guild. The promotion of the sexual emancipation of women and homosexuals, a commitment to the amelioration of the position of the working-class woman and the working-class family, and the belief that the reform of sexuality was firmly linked to the reform of politics were important aspects of this interest. This chapter explores these links as well as considering how the gendered development of the political Left in Britain, and, in particular, the fledgling Labour Party, disciplined the way sexual issues were approached by socialist and working-class organizations
Tim Allender
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719085796
- eISBN:
- 9781526104298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085796.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Imperialism and Colonialism
The new feminine prototype of the Eurasian schoolgirl was the outcome of official racialised policy concerning female education after 1860. Statecraft now fused this policy preference with the strong ...
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The new feminine prototype of the Eurasian schoolgirl was the outcome of official racialised policy concerning female education after 1860. Statecraft now fused this policy preference with the strong lobby mounted by the Unitarian, Mary Carpenter, in favour of teacher training in India. While appearing to be an advocate of female learning, as a social theorist Carpenter’s advocacy actually came from her work with destitute women and girls in England. Her focus, partly informed by an amateur anthropology, emphasized the conditioning of the female emotional body through teaching, in the absence of the mother, so their rightly oriented femininity could then later nurture well-adjusted children for the betterment of future society. Teacher-training was now given preference by Carpenter even ahead of school education first for females in India. Though not apparent to her contemporaries, and not sensitive to race in the way official policy now was, this social imperative sat oddly in colonial India. Carpenter’s stark teacher training institutions, embedded in local communities, invited opportunities for hostile Indians to rebel, creating potentially serious dispute based on the moral and sexual propriety of Carpenter’s female trainee teachers: the very grounds upon which these institutions were promoted by the colonial state.Less
The new feminine prototype of the Eurasian schoolgirl was the outcome of official racialised policy concerning female education after 1860. Statecraft now fused this policy preference with the strong lobby mounted by the Unitarian, Mary Carpenter, in favour of teacher training in India. While appearing to be an advocate of female learning, as a social theorist Carpenter’s advocacy actually came from her work with destitute women and girls in England. Her focus, partly informed by an amateur anthropology, emphasized the conditioning of the female emotional body through teaching, in the absence of the mother, so their rightly oriented femininity could then later nurture well-adjusted children for the betterment of future society. Teacher-training was now given preference by Carpenter even ahead of school education first for females in India. Though not apparent to her contemporaries, and not sensitive to race in the way official policy now was, this social imperative sat oddly in colonial India. Carpenter’s stark teacher training institutions, embedded in local communities, invited opportunities for hostile Indians to rebel, creating potentially serious dispute based on the moral and sexual propriety of Carpenter’s female trainee teachers: the very grounds upon which these institutions were promoted by the colonial state.
Adriel M. Trott
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474455220
- eISBN:
- 9781474476874
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474455220.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This chapter examines Aristotle’s numerous uses of analogies to craft in his account of generation to argue that Aristotle uses these analogies to explain specific aporiai rather than to assign ...
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This chapter examines Aristotle’s numerous uses of analogies to craft in his account of generation to argue that Aristotle uses these analogies to explain specific aporiai rather than to assign nature a structure of craft. The tool analogy explains how semen takes over the form from the male parent, but Aristotle’s use of further analogies such as building points to how the semen’s formal activity is like the act of building, an activity of animating, which itself animates the embryo. Aristotle’s account of the tool in other contexts points to how semen does the work of the male parent’s soul while enabling the generation of a new being with its own soul. Other images such as the earth and sun, the rennet, and the good householder, in the last part of the chapter, point to other models that Aristotle offers for explaining the work of semen specifically and generation in general.Less
This chapter examines Aristotle’s numerous uses of analogies to craft in his account of generation to argue that Aristotle uses these analogies to explain specific aporiai rather than to assign nature a structure of craft. The tool analogy explains how semen takes over the form from the male parent, but Aristotle’s use of further analogies such as building points to how the semen’s formal activity is like the act of building, an activity of animating, which itself animates the embryo. Aristotle’s account of the tool in other contexts points to how semen does the work of the male parent’s soul while enabling the generation of a new being with its own soul. Other images such as the earth and sun, the rennet, and the good householder, in the last part of the chapter, point to other models that Aristotle offers for explaining the work of semen specifically and generation in general.
Karen R. Merrill
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520228627
- eISBN:
- 9780520926882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520228627.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter argues that the gulf between Harold Ickes' and Farrington Carpenter's understandings of the Taylor Grazing Act reflected the act's own profound ambiguities, which help explain the ...
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This chapter argues that the gulf between Harold Ickes' and Farrington Carpenter's understandings of the Taylor Grazing Act reflected the act's own profound ambiguities, which help explain the political explosions over the issue in the 1940s. Carpenter's seeming reluctance to build an administration was, in Ickes' view, matched only by his inability or unwillingness to engage in truly administrative work. As soon as Pat McCarran's hearings got off the ground in 1941, there was considerable criticism of the expanding bureaucracy of the Grazing Service. On the ranchers' side, the Taylor Grazing Act helped to create a belief that they had established property interests in the public lands. The grazing fee controversy was solved by the appointment of a California cattle rancher, Rex Nicholson, to make a study of fees and present a new set of proposals, just as Dan Casement had done in the late 1920s.Less
This chapter argues that the gulf between Harold Ickes' and Farrington Carpenter's understandings of the Taylor Grazing Act reflected the act's own profound ambiguities, which help explain the political explosions over the issue in the 1940s. Carpenter's seeming reluctance to build an administration was, in Ickes' view, matched only by his inability or unwillingness to engage in truly administrative work. As soon as Pat McCarran's hearings got off the ground in 1941, there was considerable criticism of the expanding bureaucracy of the Grazing Service. On the ranchers' side, the Taylor Grazing Act helped to create a belief that they had established property interests in the public lands. The grazing fee controversy was solved by the appointment of a California cattle rancher, Rex Nicholson, to make a study of fees and present a new set of proposals, just as Dan Casement had done in the late 1920s.
Mitchell Morris
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780520242852
- eISBN:
- 9780520955059
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520242852.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
Karen Carpenter's death from anorexia in 1983 caused a widespread re-evaluation of her persona as a singer. Though she was frequently imagined as an airbrushed, vapid conservative (thanks to aspects ...
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Karen Carpenter's death from anorexia in 1983 caused a widespread re-evaluation of her persona as a singer. Though she was frequently imagined as an airbrushed, vapid conservative (thanks to aspects of the musical style), in the wake of her death the mismatch between her glossy image and her brutal private situation became poignant. But such a melancholy split was already inherent in specific musical qualities of her performances, her extraordinary singing voice in particular. Drawing on perspectives from psychoanalysis, this chapter explores the ways that Carpenter's vocal artistry constructs itself as a vocal object for identification and desire. Such details also allow an exploration of how to construct a more general theory of listening.Less
Karen Carpenter's death from anorexia in 1983 caused a widespread re-evaluation of her persona as a singer. Though she was frequently imagined as an airbrushed, vapid conservative (thanks to aspects of the musical style), in the wake of her death the mismatch between her glossy image and her brutal private situation became poignant. But such a melancholy split was already inherent in specific musical qualities of her performances, her extraordinary singing voice in particular. Drawing on perspectives from psychoanalysis, this chapter explores the ways that Carpenter's vocal artistry constructs itself as a vocal object for identification and desire. Such details also allow an exploration of how to construct a more general theory of listening.
Eric Lott
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231156172
- eISBN:
- 9780231520775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231156172.003.0016
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter attempts to bring to bear one of the most severely unforgiving instruments of twentieth-century aesthetic judgment (the critique of culture-industry commodification articulated by Max ...
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This chapter attempts to bring to bear one of the most severely unforgiving instruments of twentieth-century aesthetic judgment (the critique of culture-industry commodification articulated by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno) upon one of the most snobbishly reviled bodies of American popular music, the “Caucasian blues” of Richard and Karen Carpenter. It shows that, in the sonic forms of their music, the Carpenters “produced the concept of turn-of-the-seventies Southern California unfreedom” and that they encode, in the very textures of their songs, a powerful negation of the “spurious harmony” they might at a first glance seem to embody.Less
This chapter attempts to bring to bear one of the most severely unforgiving instruments of twentieth-century aesthetic judgment (the critique of culture-industry commodification articulated by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno) upon one of the most snobbishly reviled bodies of American popular music, the “Caucasian blues” of Richard and Karen Carpenter. It shows that, in the sonic forms of their music, the Carpenters “produced the concept of turn-of-the-seventies Southern California unfreedom” and that they encode, in the very textures of their songs, a powerful negation of the “spurious harmony” they might at a first glance seem to embody.
Elizabeth Carolyn
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804784085
- eISBN:
- 9780804784658
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784085.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This book explores the literary culture of Britain's radical press from 1880 to 1910, a time that saw a flourishing of radical political activity as well as the emergence of a mass print industry. ...
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This book explores the literary culture of Britain's radical press from 1880 to 1910, a time that saw a flourishing of radical political activity as well as the emergence of a mass print industry. While Enlightenment radicals and their heirs had seen free print as an agent of revolutionary transformation, socialist, anarchist, and other radicals of this later period suspected that a mass public could not exist outside the capitalist system. In response, they purposely reduced the scale of print by appealing to a small, counter-cultural audience. “Slow print,” like “slow food” today, actively resisted industrial production and the commercialization of new domains of life. Drawing on under-studied periodicals and archives, this book uncovers a largely forgotten literary-political context. It looks at the extensive debate within the radical press over how to situate radical values within an evolving media ecology, debates that engaged some of the most famous writers of the era (William Morris and George Bernard Shaw), a host of lesser-known figures (theosophical socialist and birth control reformer Annie Besant, gay rights pioneer Edward Carpenter, and proto-modernist editor Alfred Orage), and countless anonymous others.Less
This book explores the literary culture of Britain's radical press from 1880 to 1910, a time that saw a flourishing of radical political activity as well as the emergence of a mass print industry. While Enlightenment radicals and their heirs had seen free print as an agent of revolutionary transformation, socialist, anarchist, and other radicals of this later period suspected that a mass public could not exist outside the capitalist system. In response, they purposely reduced the scale of print by appealing to a small, counter-cultural audience. “Slow print,” like “slow food” today, actively resisted industrial production and the commercialization of new domains of life. Drawing on under-studied periodicals and archives, this book uncovers a largely forgotten literary-political context. It looks at the extensive debate within the radical press over how to situate radical values within an evolving media ecology, debates that engaged some of the most famous writers of the era (William Morris and George Bernard Shaw), a host of lesser-known figures (theosophical socialist and birth control reformer Annie Besant, gay rights pioneer Edward Carpenter, and proto-modernist editor Alfred Orage), and countless anonymous others.
Jonathan Atkin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719060700
- eISBN:
- 9781781700105
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719060700.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Bertrand Russell was just one man largely thinking and acting alone – and therein rests his reputation. But to what extent – whether in private or public – did similar anti-war concerns to those of ...
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Bertrand Russell was just one man largely thinking and acting alone – and therein rests his reputation. But to what extent – whether in private or public – did similar anti-war concerns to those of Russell and the Bloomsbury Group express themselves among the intelligentsia? In common with Russell, E. M. Forster believed the Great War to be partly due to misdirected destructive energies; forces that could be channelled during times of peace into creative efforts. In his letter to Siegfried Sassoon, he explained that his other hope for the future, though ‘very faint’, was for a League of Nations. This was a hope that Forster shared with both his frequent correspondent Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson and with other intellectuals such as the writer and ruralist Edward Carpenter. The emotional response of Carpenter and Dickinson to the war was matched by that of Henry James. In contrast with James, the dry, precise tone of George Bernard Shaw provided perhaps the most prominent intellectual commentary of his time on the war's ebb and flow.Less
Bertrand Russell was just one man largely thinking and acting alone – and therein rests his reputation. But to what extent – whether in private or public – did similar anti-war concerns to those of Russell and the Bloomsbury Group express themselves among the intelligentsia? In common with Russell, E. M. Forster believed the Great War to be partly due to misdirected destructive energies; forces that could be channelled during times of peace into creative efforts. In his letter to Siegfried Sassoon, he explained that his other hope for the future, though ‘very faint’, was for a League of Nations. This was a hope that Forster shared with both his frequent correspondent Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson and with other intellectuals such as the writer and ruralist Edward Carpenter. The emotional response of Carpenter and Dickinson to the war was matched by that of Henry James. In contrast with James, the dry, precise tone of George Bernard Shaw provided perhaps the most prominent intellectual commentary of his time on the war's ebb and flow.
Philip Hichborn
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034379
- eISBN:
- 9780813039374
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034379.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Each page of Philip Hichborn's journal “Cruise of the Dashing Wave” contains information regarding a life-and-death story in an 1860 clipper-ship trip. This voyage originated in Boston and moved ...
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Each page of Philip Hichborn's journal “Cruise of the Dashing Wave” contains information regarding a life-and-death story in an 1860 clipper-ship trip. This voyage originated in Boston and moved toward San Francisco through Cape Horn. In this book, Hichborn was able to draw attention to the living conditions, as well as to the existing social life on the ship in the nineteenth century, through adopting a conversational style. Compared to other seafaring accounts, the journal is written not by a captain, a seaman, or an officer, but from the perspective of a ship's carpenter. It thus provides a personal point of view as it also describes some of Hichborn's responsibilities as the ship's carpenter, who was considered to have a higher rank compared to the other sailors aboard the ship.Less
Each page of Philip Hichborn's journal “Cruise of the Dashing Wave” contains information regarding a life-and-death story in an 1860 clipper-ship trip. This voyage originated in Boston and moved toward San Francisco through Cape Horn. In this book, Hichborn was able to draw attention to the living conditions, as well as to the existing social life on the ship in the nineteenth century, through adopting a conversational style. Compared to other seafaring accounts, the journal is written not by a captain, a seaman, or an officer, but from the perspective of a ship's carpenter. It thus provides a personal point of view as it also describes some of Hichborn's responsibilities as the ship's carpenter, who was considered to have a higher rank compared to the other sailors aboard the ship.
