John Saillant
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195157178
- eISBN:
- 9780199834617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195157176.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
A new racism arose in the early American republic that set aside the antislavery arguments of men and women who were, like Lemuel Haynes, rooted in eighteenth‐century modes of thought like Edwardsean ...
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A new racism arose in the early American republic that set aside the antislavery arguments of men and women who were, like Lemuel Haynes, rooted in eighteenth‐century modes of thought like Edwardsean theology and republican ideology. Haynes had always argued that blacks and whites must live harmoniously in an integrated society if Americans wished to be true to Calvinism and republicanism. In the early nineteenth century, many Americans became convinced that blacks and whites were so separate cognitively and physically that they could never coexist as equals. Haynes set himself against what he saw as divisive forces, including Universalism, a new Christian denomination led by Hosea Ballou. Haynes invoked as a standard for race relations the godly unity idealized in American Puritanism and expressed in early American texts such as the captivity narrative of Mary Rowlandson. In his last years, Haynes worked as an itinerant preacher but never held a reliable pulpit between his dismissal in 1818 from his Rutland, Vermont, church and his death in 1833 in Granville, Massachusetts.Less
A new racism arose in the early American republic that set aside the antislavery arguments of men and women who were, like Lemuel Haynes, rooted in eighteenth‐century modes of thought like Edwardsean theology and republican ideology. Haynes had always argued that blacks and whites must live harmoniously in an integrated society if Americans wished to be true to Calvinism and republicanism. In the early nineteenth century, many Americans became convinced that blacks and whites were so separate cognitively and physically that they could never coexist as equals. Haynes set himself against what he saw as divisive forces, including Universalism, a new Christian denomination led by Hosea Ballou. Haynes invoked as a standard for race relations the godly unity idealized in American Puritanism and expressed in early American texts such as the captivity narrative of Mary Rowlandson. In his last years, Haynes worked as an itinerant preacher but never held a reliable pulpit between his dismissal in 1818 from his Rutland, Vermont, church and his death in 1833 in Granville, Massachusetts.
Robert Lawrence Gunn
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479842582
- eISBN:
- 9781479812516
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479842582.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
Chapters 3 and 4 revisit the famous case of John Dunn Hunter as a means of reading comparatively the Shawnee leader Tecumseh’s Pan-Indian movement in the Old Northwest and the ill-fated Red and White ...
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Chapters 3 and 4 revisit the famous case of John Dunn Hunter as a means of reading comparatively the Shawnee leader Tecumseh’s Pan-Indian movement in the Old Northwest and the ill-fated Red and White Republic of Fredonia spearheaded by Hunter near Nacogdoches, Texas, in the 1820s. Author of a popular captivity narrative and ethnographic treatise on Plains Peoples, Hunter championed Tecumseh’s Pan-Indian politics and published the only record of the latter’s speech before the Osage—only to be denounced by Cass and Clark as an imposter, his writings fabrications. Revisiting his case here, and the vehemence with which he was attacked in the 1820s, reveals the degree to which the ideological struggle to shape an emergent national narrative concerning Indian Removal in the 1820s was impacted by 19th-Century Indian linguistics, while underscoring the challenges of working with sources of oral and manual evidence on the margins of historical verifiability.Less
Chapters 3 and 4 revisit the famous case of John Dunn Hunter as a means of reading comparatively the Shawnee leader Tecumseh’s Pan-Indian movement in the Old Northwest and the ill-fated Red and White Republic of Fredonia spearheaded by Hunter near Nacogdoches, Texas, in the 1820s. Author of a popular captivity narrative and ethnographic treatise on Plains Peoples, Hunter championed Tecumseh’s Pan-Indian politics and published the only record of the latter’s speech before the Osage—only to be denounced by Cass and Clark as an imposter, his writings fabrications. Revisiting his case here, and the vehemence with which he was attacked in the 1820s, reveals the degree to which the ideological struggle to shape an emergent national narrative concerning Indian Removal in the 1820s was impacted by 19th-Century Indian linguistics, while underscoring the challenges of working with sources of oral and manual evidence on the margins of historical verifiability.
Jacob Rama Berman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789506
- eISBN:
- 9780814789513
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789506.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter focuses on the figure of the captive through which the writers in the Federal era explored the continuum and the difference between Barbary and America. In particular, the claims for ...
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This chapter focuses on the figure of the captive through which the writers in the Federal era explored the continuum and the difference between Barbary and America. In particular, the claims for repatriation articulated by American-citizen captives in a foreign land are based on a recognition of their country's need to litigate the domestic relationship between master and slave. Moreover, captives translated Barbary referents into American tropes of identity. Ultimately, Barbary types such as Turks, Arabs, and Moors allowed Federal-era readers to negotiate American racial classifications, the limits of American democratic inclusion, and the fantasy of America's exceptional difference through exotic proxies. In the decades that followed, tropes of the Arab were adapted by other American writers, resulting to the emergence of the genre of the Near Eastern travel narrative.Less
This chapter focuses on the figure of the captive through which the writers in the Federal era explored the continuum and the difference between Barbary and America. In particular, the claims for repatriation articulated by American-citizen captives in a foreign land are based on a recognition of their country's need to litigate the domestic relationship between master and slave. Moreover, captives translated Barbary referents into American tropes of identity. Ultimately, Barbary types such as Turks, Arabs, and Moors allowed Federal-era readers to negotiate American racial classifications, the limits of American democratic inclusion, and the fantasy of America's exceptional difference through exotic proxies. In the decades that followed, tropes of the Arab were adapted by other American writers, resulting to the emergence of the genre of the Near Eastern travel narrative.
Carroll Smith-Rosenberg
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781469631516
- eISBN:
- 9781469631776
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631516.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
From the nation’s founding inclusion in and exclusion from the U.S. body politic has been racialized. Citizenship and whiteness have been defined in opposition to slavery and blackness, the free ...
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From the nation’s founding inclusion in and exclusion from the U.S. body politic has been racialized. Citizenship and whiteness have been defined in opposition to slavery and blackness, the free white man celebrated as the prototype of the liberty-loving American citizen. “The very structure of American citizenship is white,” political philosophers and historians repeatedly tell us. Yet U.S. democracy took form during one of the most radical periods of human history, the Age of Revolution when the political world appeared remade and the promise of freedom unlimited. Between the 1780s and the War of 1812, increasingly radical political movements crisscrossed the Atlantic challenging absolute monarchies, establishing post-colonial republics and questioning the legitimacy of human slavery. Born of such momentous times, how were U.S. citizenship and democracy constituted as powerful instruments of racial exclusion? How were the majority of US citizens and their political leaders able to reconcile their commitment to the equality of all men with the centuries-old practice of chattel slavery? This essay ponders that conundrum through an exploration of a rapidly growing literary genre, the Barbary captivity narratives, cheaply printed popular accounts of the seizure and enslavement of American sailors by Barbary “pirates.” Focusing on the period between the 1780s and the War of 1812, that epic time when revolutionary fervor — and most especially the Haitian Revolution — made the contradictory interplay of Atlantic slavery and universal rights impossible to ignore, this article will explore the role popular representations of white and black enslavement played in the construction of the new U.S. republic and U.S. citizenship.Less
From the nation’s founding inclusion in and exclusion from the U.S. body politic has been racialized. Citizenship and whiteness have been defined in opposition to slavery and blackness, the free white man celebrated as the prototype of the liberty-loving American citizen. “The very structure of American citizenship is white,” political philosophers and historians repeatedly tell us. Yet U.S. democracy took form during one of the most radical periods of human history, the Age of Revolution when the political world appeared remade and the promise of freedom unlimited. Between the 1780s and the War of 1812, increasingly radical political movements crisscrossed the Atlantic challenging absolute monarchies, establishing post-colonial republics and questioning the legitimacy of human slavery. Born of such momentous times, how were U.S. citizenship and democracy constituted as powerful instruments of racial exclusion? How were the majority of US citizens and their political leaders able to reconcile their commitment to the equality of all men with the centuries-old practice of chattel slavery? This essay ponders that conundrum through an exploration of a rapidly growing literary genre, the Barbary captivity narratives, cheaply printed popular accounts of the seizure and enslavement of American sailors by Barbary “pirates.” Focusing on the period between the 1780s and the War of 1812, that epic time when revolutionary fervor — and most especially the Haitian Revolution — made the contradictory interplay of Atlantic slavery and universal rights impossible to ignore, this article will explore the role popular representations of white and black enslavement played in the construction of the new U.S. republic and U.S. citizenship.
Tim Fulford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199273379
- eISBN:
- 9780191706332
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273379.003.0017
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This chapter examines the career and writing of ‘white indian’, John Tanner. It includes discussions on captivity narrative, culture crossing, hybridity, the way Indians portrayed whites, colonial ...
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This chapter examines the career and writing of ‘white indian’, John Tanner. It includes discussions on captivity narrative, culture crossing, hybridity, the way Indians portrayed whites, colonial politics, tribal politics, and identity.Less
This chapter examines the career and writing of ‘white indian’, John Tanner. It includes discussions on captivity narrative, culture crossing, hybridity, the way Indians portrayed whites, colonial politics, tribal politics, and identity.
Tim Fulford
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199273379
- eISBN:
- 9780191706332
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273379.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
This chapter describes in detail captivity narratives and soldiers' memoirs from the Seven Years' War and the War of Independence of their encounters with Indians.
This chapter describes in detail captivity narratives and soldiers' memoirs from the Seven Years' War and the War of Independence of their encounters with Indians.
Lisa Voigt
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807831991
- eISBN:
- 9781469600284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9780807831991.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This book describes how European publics were captivated by tales of Christians held prisoner by religious and political adversaries. Imperial expansion, spearheaded by Portugal and Spain in the ...
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This book describes how European publics were captivated by tales of Christians held prisoner by religious and political adversaries. Imperial expansion, spearheaded by Portugal and Spain in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, increased the geographical range in which subjects could fall into enemy hands as well as the forms that narratives of captivity could take. Imperial administrators heard survivors' oral reports. Pirates and privateers interrogated captured enemy pilots, who, in turn, presented accounts to their own sovereigns upon their release. Inquisition officials evaluated depositions attesting to ransomed captives' religious integrity. This study explores the role of captivity in the production of knowledge, identity, and authority in the early modern imperial world by examining texts written by and about European and Euro-American captives in a variety of languages and genres.Less
This book describes how European publics were captivated by tales of Christians held prisoner by religious and political adversaries. Imperial expansion, spearheaded by Portugal and Spain in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, increased the geographical range in which subjects could fall into enemy hands as well as the forms that narratives of captivity could take. Imperial administrators heard survivors' oral reports. Pirates and privateers interrogated captured enemy pilots, who, in turn, presented accounts to their own sovereigns upon their release. Inquisition officials evaluated depositions attesting to ransomed captives' religious integrity. This study explores the role of captivity in the production of knowledge, identity, and authority in the early modern imperial world by examining texts written by and about European and Euro-American captives in a variety of languages and genres.
Nabil Matar
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199554157
- eISBN:
- 9780191720437
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554157.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature, 18th-century Literature
The authors of the Arabian Nights did not view the Christians as monolithic, undifferentiated, and adversarial villains, as some critics have argued. The single story about the Coptic Egyptian in ...
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The authors of the Arabian Nights did not view the Christians as monolithic, undifferentiated, and adversarial villains, as some critics have argued. The single story about the Coptic Egyptian in China in the 14th-century Syrian manuscript reflected an idyllic and invented past, invoked through the figure of a caliph who ruled an empire never perturbed by external or internal upheavals, diseases, or invading armies. That positive depiction of the Christian changed in the last recension of the Nights (the Bulaq edition). As the stories moved westward from Baghdad to the Byzantine world and to the Franks, the Christians who in the Baghdad or the China of the Syrian manuscript had been as native to the world of Islam as the "nasara" of the Quran became adversarial and alien living in the piratical port of Genoa. Focusing on the stories in the Nights that include Christian figures, this chapter shows the difference in representing Christians of the Arabic East as against Christians of the Byzantine world and the Frankish Mediterranean. In the last case, parallels are drawn with medieval and early modern European captivity narratives.Less
The authors of the Arabian Nights did not view the Christians as monolithic, undifferentiated, and adversarial villains, as some critics have argued. The single story about the Coptic Egyptian in China in the 14th-century Syrian manuscript reflected an idyllic and invented past, invoked through the figure of a caliph who ruled an empire never perturbed by external or internal upheavals, diseases, or invading armies. That positive depiction of the Christian changed in the last recension of the Nights (the Bulaq edition). As the stories moved westward from Baghdad to the Byzantine world and to the Franks, the Christians who in the Baghdad or the China of the Syrian manuscript had been as native to the world of Islam as the "nasara" of the Quran became adversarial and alien living in the piratical port of Genoa. Focusing on the stories in the Nights that include Christian figures, this chapter shows the difference in representing Christians of the Arabic East as against Christians of the Byzantine world and the Frankish Mediterranean. In the last case, parallels are drawn with medieval and early modern European captivity narratives.
Catherine Vigier
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526106193
- eISBN:
- 9781526120793
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526106193.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Catherine Vigier discusses the diffusion of radical ideas from the perspective of a captivity narrative, William Okeley’s Ebenezer, published by the radical printer Nathaniel Ponder. Her premise is ...
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Catherine Vigier discusses the diffusion of radical ideas from the perspective of a captivity narrative, William Okeley’s Ebenezer, published by the radical printer Nathaniel Ponder. Her premise is that this captivity narrative is best apprehended as a literary text constructed in the light of political and ideological debates of its age since if offers a veiled criticism of events nearer home under the guise of a remote setting and plot. The publication of Okeley’s narrative is to be interpreted as an act of militant Protestantism in a culture of dissent at a time which witnessed increased repression against dissenters. She analyses biblical and mythological references in both Okeley’s narrative and Andrew Marvell’s pamphlets to support her claim that the Okeley text carried the polemic around Marvell’s The Rehearsal Transpros’d to a wider public and that publishing this captivity narrative, a popular literary genre, allowed Ponder and his collaborators to make a further case for freedom of speech.Less
Catherine Vigier discusses the diffusion of radical ideas from the perspective of a captivity narrative, William Okeley’s Ebenezer, published by the radical printer Nathaniel Ponder. Her premise is that this captivity narrative is best apprehended as a literary text constructed in the light of political and ideological debates of its age since if offers a veiled criticism of events nearer home under the guise of a remote setting and plot. The publication of Okeley’s narrative is to be interpreted as an act of militant Protestantism in a culture of dissent at a time which witnessed increased repression against dissenters. She analyses biblical and mythological references in both Okeley’s narrative and Andrew Marvell’s pamphlets to support her claim that the Okeley text carried the polemic around Marvell’s The Rehearsal Transpros’d to a wider public and that publishing this captivity narrative, a popular literary genre, allowed Ponder and his collaborators to make a further case for freedom of speech.
Abram C. Van Engen
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- December 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199379637
- eISBN:
- 9780199379651
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199379637.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The Sovereignty and Goodness of God reveals not just how Puritans used fellow feeling to build up, define, and bind together their communities, but also how sympathy could break down the very ...
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The Sovereignty and Goodness of God reveals not just how Puritans used fellow feeling to build up, define, and bind together their communities, but also how sympathy could break down the very boundaries it was meant to construct. Mary Rowlandson, at times, finds herself sharing mutual affections with her captors. Yet the more she recognizes such sympathy, the more she rejects cross-racial fellow feeling—precisely because sympathy always implies a joining together, a union, a community. In her focus on reconstructing a racially identified English emotional community, moreover, Rowlandson situates her captivity narrative in a domain outside of politics. Longing for an imagined past of mutual affections, the alienated Rowlandson points readers toward a lost and longed-for domestic sphere revolving around a mother’s place in the home. In doing so, this chapter claims, her narrative aligns with, and anticipates, many of the same goals and strategies of later American sentimental fiction.Less
The Sovereignty and Goodness of God reveals not just how Puritans used fellow feeling to build up, define, and bind together their communities, but also how sympathy could break down the very boundaries it was meant to construct. Mary Rowlandson, at times, finds herself sharing mutual affections with her captors. Yet the more she recognizes such sympathy, the more she rejects cross-racial fellow feeling—precisely because sympathy always implies a joining together, a union, a community. In her focus on reconstructing a racially identified English emotional community, moreover, Rowlandson situates her captivity narrative in a domain outside of politics. Longing for an imagined past of mutual affections, the alienated Rowlandson points readers toward a lost and longed-for domestic sphere revolving around a mother’s place in the home. In doing so, this chapter claims, her narrative aligns with, and anticipates, many of the same goals and strategies of later American sentimental fiction.
Maria Cristina Fumagalli
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381601
- eISBN:
- 9781781382349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381601.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
This chapter analyses three autobiographical captivity narratives by white eyewitnesses who were taken prisoners by the rebels just after the slave revolt of 1791 and put them in dialogue with five ...
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This chapter analyses three autobiographical captivity narratives by white eyewitnesses who were taken prisoners by the rebels just after the slave revolt of 1791 and put them in dialogue with five fictional reconstructions of the rebellion and its aftermath. The three captivity narratives, known as récits historiques or historical accounts, were published in 1793 in Cap-Français. The five fictional texts are Victor Hugo's Bug-Jargal (1819 and 1826) and ‘The Saint Domingue Revolt’(1845); Jean-Baptiste Picquenard's Adonis, ou le bon nègre (1798) and Zoflra, ou la bonne negrèsse (1801); and Madison Smartt Bell's All Souls' Rising (1995). All these fictional and non-fictional narratives contain numerous references to the role played by the colonial frontier and the borderland in the unfolding of the events that drove slaves to revolt against whites in Saint Domingue.Less
This chapter analyses three autobiographical captivity narratives by white eyewitnesses who were taken prisoners by the rebels just after the slave revolt of 1791 and put them in dialogue with five fictional reconstructions of the rebellion and its aftermath. The three captivity narratives, known as récits historiques or historical accounts, were published in 1793 in Cap-Français. The five fictional texts are Victor Hugo's Bug-Jargal (1819 and 1826) and ‘The Saint Domingue Revolt’(1845); Jean-Baptiste Picquenard's Adonis, ou le bon nègre (1798) and Zoflra, ou la bonne negrèsse (1801); and Madison Smartt Bell's All Souls' Rising (1995). All these fictional and non-fictional narratives contain numerous references to the role played by the colonial frontier and the borderland in the unfolding of the events that drove slaves to revolt against whites in Saint Domingue.
Lisa Brooks
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780300196733
- eISBN:
- 9780300231113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300196733.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Native American Studies
This chapter presents a nuanced close reading of The Sovereignty and Goodness of God . . . A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, framed within Indigenous geographies. ...
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This chapter presents a nuanced close reading of The Sovereignty and Goodness of God . . . A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, framed within Indigenous geographies. Although Rowlandson conveyed a picture of a forbidding wilderness, she traveled through an intricately mapped network of Indigenous people and places, including the Nipmuc interior and the Connecticut River Valley. This chapter provides an alternative map and narrative of Rowlandson’s “removes” through Native towns and territories and elucidates the ways in which the stories of Weetamoo, James Printer, and Mary Rowlandson intertwined. Shortly after the raid on her town of Lancaster, Rowlandson was carried to the Nipmuc stronghold of Menimesit, where she encountered James and his extended family, and was given to Weetamoo, whom she followed deep into the interior of Nipmuc and Sokoki countries, as the saunkskwa sought protective sanctuaries for Native families who were evading colonial troops.Less
This chapter presents a nuanced close reading of The Sovereignty and Goodness of God . . . A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, framed within Indigenous geographies. Although Rowlandson conveyed a picture of a forbidding wilderness, she traveled through an intricately mapped network of Indigenous people and places, including the Nipmuc interior and the Connecticut River Valley. This chapter provides an alternative map and narrative of Rowlandson’s “removes” through Native towns and territories and elucidates the ways in which the stories of Weetamoo, James Printer, and Mary Rowlandson intertwined. Shortly after the raid on her town of Lancaster, Rowlandson was carried to the Nipmuc stronghold of Menimesit, where she encountered James and his extended family, and was given to Weetamoo, whom she followed deep into the interior of Nipmuc and Sokoki countries, as the saunkskwa sought protective sanctuaries for Native families who were evading colonial troops.
Kathleen Holscher
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199781737
- eISBN:
- 9780199979653
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199781737.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter deals with the organization Protestants and Other Americans United for Separation of Church and State (POAU), and the captive schools campaign it promoted in response to sister-taught ...
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This chapter deals with the organization Protestants and Other Americans United for Separation of Church and State (POAU), and the captive schools campaign it promoted in response to sister-taught public education. In the aftermath of the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1947 decision in Everson v. Board of Education, New Mexico’s schools and others like them became mediums for deferring disagreements among the group’s broad coalition of Protestants. Early members of POAU, including Joseph Dawson, Frank Mead, and Paul Blanshard, publicized and lent aid to the Zellers lawsuit as the organization’s flagship project. The captivity narratives the group employed when it spread the word about the Dixon case were both a flexible entrée into litigation and a rallying cry meant to remind its membership and the American public about the threat of Catholic power, as well as the foundational relationship between Protestantism and the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause in an era that many feared advancing secularism.Less
This chapter deals with the organization Protestants and Other Americans United for Separation of Church and State (POAU), and the captive schools campaign it promoted in response to sister-taught public education. In the aftermath of the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1947 decision in Everson v. Board of Education, New Mexico’s schools and others like them became mediums for deferring disagreements among the group’s broad coalition of Protestants. Early members of POAU, including Joseph Dawson, Frank Mead, and Paul Blanshard, publicized and lent aid to the Zellers lawsuit as the organization’s flagship project. The captivity narratives the group employed when it spread the word about the Dixon case were both a flexible entrée into litigation and a rallying cry meant to remind its membership and the American public about the threat of Catholic power, as well as the foundational relationship between Protestantism and the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause in an era that many feared advancing secularism.
Benjamin L. White
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199370276
- eISBN:
- 9780199370290
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199370276.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
Chapter 2 explores the development and influence of the Pauline Captivity narrative, the dominant story about “Paul in the second century” from the mid-nineteenth century until the late 1970s. ...
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Chapter 2 explores the development and influence of the Pauline Captivity narrative, the dominant story about “Paul in the second century” from the mid-nineteenth century until the late 1970s. Beginning with F. C. Baur, the proponents of this narrative envisioned a second-century Pauline Captivity to Marcion and the “Gnostics,” whose apocalyptic dualism made them the natural receptors of Paul’s radical theology of divine grace. The dearth of references to Paul in several proto-orthodox writers is indicative of their embarrassment about or outright opposition to Paul. More important than describing the narrative and its influence in Pauline Studies, this chapter examines the foundation of its particular image of the historical Paul in the theological preferences of nineteenth-century radical German Protestantism.Less
Chapter 2 explores the development and influence of the Pauline Captivity narrative, the dominant story about “Paul in the second century” from the mid-nineteenth century until the late 1970s. Beginning with F. C. Baur, the proponents of this narrative envisioned a second-century Pauline Captivity to Marcion and the “Gnostics,” whose apocalyptic dualism made them the natural receptors of Paul’s radical theology of divine grace. The dearth of references to Paul in several proto-orthodox writers is indicative of their embarrassment about or outright opposition to Paul. More important than describing the narrative and its influence in Pauline Studies, this chapter examines the foundation of its particular image of the historical Paul in the theological preferences of nineteenth-century radical German Protestantism.
Joshua M. White
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781503602526
- eISBN:
- 9781503603929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9781503602526.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter turns to the Ottoman victims of Catholic corsairs and pirates who were carried off to Malta and Livorno to be sold as slaves and/or held for ransom. It focuses on the Ottoman magistrates ...
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This chapter turns to the Ottoman victims of Catholic corsairs and pirates who were carried off to Malta and Livorno to be sold as slaves and/or held for ransom. It focuses on the Ottoman magistrates (kadis) who, as judge-notaries, as captives, and as official mouthpieces of the Ottoman state, were involved in every stage of the ransom slavery industry in the eastern Mediterranean. From the late sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century, a number of Ottoman judges could always be found imprisoned in Maltese dungeons, where their legal expertise proved critical for preparing surety agreements and ransom contracts acceptable in courts throughout the Ottoman Mediterranean. The phenomenon of the kadis of Malta reflects the essential paradox of the seventeenth-century Ottoman Mediterranean: the inverse relationship between Ottoman maritime security and the importance of Ottoman law as an almost universally acceptable legal lingua franca from Istanbul to Malta.Less
This chapter turns to the Ottoman victims of Catholic corsairs and pirates who were carried off to Malta and Livorno to be sold as slaves and/or held for ransom. It focuses on the Ottoman magistrates (kadis) who, as judge-notaries, as captives, and as official mouthpieces of the Ottoman state, were involved in every stage of the ransom slavery industry in the eastern Mediterranean. From the late sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century, a number of Ottoman judges could always be found imprisoned in Maltese dungeons, where their legal expertise proved critical for preparing surety agreements and ransom contracts acceptable in courts throughout the Ottoman Mediterranean. The phenomenon of the kadis of Malta reflects the essential paradox of the seventeenth-century Ottoman Mediterranean: the inverse relationship between Ottoman maritime security and the importance of Ottoman law as an almost universally acceptable legal lingua franca from Istanbul to Malta.
Carsten Junker
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781846319389
- eISBN:
- 9781781380901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781846319389.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter discusses a relatively neglected satirical attack on slavery by Benjamin Franklin, “Sidi Mehemet Ibrahim on the Slave Trade” (1790). It examines the maneuvers employed in the text to ...
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This chapter discusses a relatively neglected satirical attack on slavery by Benjamin Franklin, “Sidi Mehemet Ibrahim on the Slave Trade” (1790). It examines the maneuvers employed in the text to displace debates over enslavement practices in the United States onto a distant temporal, spatial, and political plane. The chapter reads the mobilization of the generic framework and affective economies of the Barbary captivity narrative as a textual performance of “ethnic drag.” It discusses the ambivalent effects of this performance to engage with the absent issue of the dehumanization of enslaved blacks. It is argued that Franklin’s satire ultimately remains confined to the realm of a master discourse about the most adequate economic and political forms and norms of a modern state. The abolitionist text thus partakes in establishing and normalizing hegemonic speaking position in the late eighteenth-century Transatlantic sphere.Less
This chapter discusses a relatively neglected satirical attack on slavery by Benjamin Franklin, “Sidi Mehemet Ibrahim on the Slave Trade” (1790). It examines the maneuvers employed in the text to displace debates over enslavement practices in the United States onto a distant temporal, spatial, and political plane. The chapter reads the mobilization of the generic framework and affective economies of the Barbary captivity narrative as a textual performance of “ethnic drag.” It discusses the ambivalent effects of this performance to engage with the absent issue of the dehumanization of enslaved blacks. It is argued that Franklin’s satire ultimately remains confined to the realm of a master discourse about the most adequate economic and political forms and norms of a modern state. The abolitionist text thus partakes in establishing and normalizing hegemonic speaking position in the late eighteenth-century Transatlantic sphere.
Cassandra L. Yacovazzi
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190881009
- eISBN:
- 9780190881030
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190881009.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature, Religion and Society
Anti-Catholicism flourished alongside anti-Mormonism. Opposition to Mormonism largely focused on polygamy, something Protestant Americans felt threatened female sexual purity, traditional marriage, ...
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Anti-Catholicism flourished alongside anti-Mormonism. Opposition to Mormonism largely focused on polygamy, something Protestant Americans felt threatened female sexual purity, traditional marriage, and the family. Just as convent narratives warned of the deception used to lure women into the cloister, Mormon captivity narratives detailed the deceptive ways Latter-day Saints enticed young, vulnerable women into the church and polygamous marriages. Awful Disclosures of Mormonism, a book that blatantly borrowed its title from Awful Disclosures of the Hotel Dieu Nunnery, described a young woman’s seduction by a charming Mormon man before being trapped in a miserable plural marriage. These and other Mormon captivity narratives presented polygamy as a threat to the purity and utility of a woman. This chapter examines the similarities among Mormon and convent captivity narratives, analyzing the way both focused on the alleged threats to female sexual purity, marriage, and the family.Less
Anti-Catholicism flourished alongside anti-Mormonism. Opposition to Mormonism largely focused on polygamy, something Protestant Americans felt threatened female sexual purity, traditional marriage, and the family. Just as convent narratives warned of the deception used to lure women into the cloister, Mormon captivity narratives detailed the deceptive ways Latter-day Saints enticed young, vulnerable women into the church and polygamous marriages. Awful Disclosures of Mormonism, a book that blatantly borrowed its title from Awful Disclosures of the Hotel Dieu Nunnery, described a young woman’s seduction by a charming Mormon man before being trapped in a miserable plural marriage. These and other Mormon captivity narratives presented polygamy as a threat to the purity and utility of a woman. This chapter examines the similarities among Mormon and convent captivity narratives, analyzing the way both focused on the alleged threats to female sexual purity, marriage, and the family.
Margaret J. M. Ezell
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198183112
- eISBN:
- 9780191847158
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198183112.003.0018
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
An overview of the literature describing English encounters with foreign cultures, including captivity narratives from New England, the Barbary pirates, and encounters with Turks and the Ottoman ...
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An overview of the literature describing English encounters with foreign cultures, including captivity narratives from New England, the Barbary pirates, and encounters with Turks and the Ottoman Empire. Readers continued to enjoy travel narratives from earlier expeditions to China and Japan, which had established conventions of depicting the orient. Many of these volumes included engravings of exotic flora and fauna and native costumes.Less
An overview of the literature describing English encounters with foreign cultures, including captivity narratives from New England, the Barbary pirates, and encounters with Turks and the Ottoman Empire. Readers continued to enjoy travel narratives from earlier expeditions to China and Japan, which had established conventions of depicting the orient. Many of these volumes included engravings of exotic flora and fauna and native costumes.
Lee M. Jenkins
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780813060507
- eISBN:
- 9780813050676
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813060507.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter discusses Lawrence’s American fiction, beginning with his abortive attempt to write an American novel based on the life of his hostess in New Mexico, Mabel Dodge Luhan. The chapter ...
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This chapter discusses Lawrence’s American fiction, beginning with his abortive attempt to write an American novel based on the life of his hostess in New Mexico, Mabel Dodge Luhan. The chapter proposes that the fraught relationship between Lawrence and Luhan would prompt his three New Mexico tales, “St. Mawr,” “The Princess,” and “The Woman Who Rode Away.” All three are Pan-stories, in which Lawrence relocates the pagan energies of the great god Pan to the United States. This chapter also reads Lawrence’s American stories as “tales of out here,” as stories which touch on the three points--Anglo, Indian, Hispanic--of New Mexico’s ethnic triangle. This chapter discusses the ways in which Lawrence adopts and adapts American literary genres in these tales (American Romance, the Indian captivity narrative) in order to interrogate the relationship between gender and genre and the ideological premises of the U.S. national narrative.Less
This chapter discusses Lawrence’s American fiction, beginning with his abortive attempt to write an American novel based on the life of his hostess in New Mexico, Mabel Dodge Luhan. The chapter proposes that the fraught relationship between Lawrence and Luhan would prompt his three New Mexico tales, “St. Mawr,” “The Princess,” and “The Woman Who Rode Away.” All three are Pan-stories, in which Lawrence relocates the pagan energies of the great god Pan to the United States. This chapter also reads Lawrence’s American stories as “tales of out here,” as stories which touch on the three points--Anglo, Indian, Hispanic--of New Mexico’s ethnic triangle. This chapter discusses the ways in which Lawrence adopts and adapts American literary genres in these tales (American Romance, the Indian captivity narrative) in order to interrogate the relationship between gender and genre and the ideological premises of the U.S. national narrative.
Jacob Rama Berman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789506
- eISBN:
- 9780814789513
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789506.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This book examines representations of Arabs, Islam, and the Near East in nineteenth-century American culture, arguing that these representations play a significant role in the development of American ...
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This book examines representations of Arabs, Islam, and the Near East in nineteenth-century American culture, arguing that these representations play a significant role in the development of American national identity over the century, revealing largely unexplored exchanges between these two cultural traditions that will alter how we understand them today. Moving from the period of America's engagement in the Barbary Wars through the Holy Land travel mania in the years of Jacksonian expansion and into the writings of romantics such as Edgar Allan Poe, the book argues that not only were Arabs and Muslims prominently featured in nineteenth-century literature, but that the differences that writers established between figures such as Moors, Bedouins, Turks and Orientals provide proof of the transnational scope of domestic racial politics. Drawing on both English and Arabic language sources, the book contends that the fluidity and instability of the term Arab as it appears in captivity narratives, travel narratives, imaginative literature, and ethnic literature simultaneously instantiate and undermine definitions of the American nation and American citizenship.Less
This book examines representations of Arabs, Islam, and the Near East in nineteenth-century American culture, arguing that these representations play a significant role in the development of American national identity over the century, revealing largely unexplored exchanges between these two cultural traditions that will alter how we understand them today. Moving from the period of America's engagement in the Barbary Wars through the Holy Land travel mania in the years of Jacksonian expansion and into the writings of romantics such as Edgar Allan Poe, the book argues that not only were Arabs and Muslims prominently featured in nineteenth-century literature, but that the differences that writers established between figures such as Moors, Bedouins, Turks and Orientals provide proof of the transnational scope of domestic racial politics. Drawing on both English and Arabic language sources, the book contends that the fluidity and instability of the term Arab as it appears in captivity narratives, travel narratives, imaginative literature, and ethnic literature simultaneously instantiate and undermine definitions of the American nation and American citizenship.
