James C. Mohr
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195162318
- eISBN:
- 9780199788910
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162318.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The bubonic plague reached Hawaii for the first time in 1899, just as the archipelago was being annexed by the US. To deal with the epidemic, governmental authorities granted absolute emergency ...
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The bubonic plague reached Hawaii for the first time in 1899, just as the archipelago was being annexed by the US. To deal with the epidemic, governmental authorities granted absolute emergency powers to the Honolulu Board of Health. Committed to the new science of bacteriology, the Board physicians eventually decided to burn buildings where victims had died, hoping thereby to destroy any remaining plague bacilli. On January 20, 1900, one of those controlled burns burgeoned into a larger inferno that obliterated the Chinatown section of the city. In a few hours, over 5,000 people lost everything they had and were marched to detention camps where they were held under armed guard. Next to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, this remains the worst civic disaster in Hawaiian history, and probably the worst civic disaster ever to result from an American public health initiative. In the larger context of medical history, ethnic studies, and American imperialism, this book tells the story of how that catastrophe came about and how the principal racial and ethnic groups in Honolulu — Chinese, Japanese, Hawaiians, and whites — responded to the crisis.Less
The bubonic plague reached Hawaii for the first time in 1899, just as the archipelago was being annexed by the US. To deal with the epidemic, governmental authorities granted absolute emergency powers to the Honolulu Board of Health. Committed to the new science of bacteriology, the Board physicians eventually decided to burn buildings where victims had died, hoping thereby to destroy any remaining plague bacilli. On January 20, 1900, one of those controlled burns burgeoned into a larger inferno that obliterated the Chinatown section of the city. In a few hours, over 5,000 people lost everything they had and were marched to detention camps where they were held under armed guard. Next to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, this remains the worst civic disaster in Hawaiian history, and probably the worst civic disaster ever to result from an American public health initiative. In the larger context of medical history, ethnic studies, and American imperialism, this book tells the story of how that catastrophe came about and how the principal racial and ethnic groups in Honolulu — Chinese, Japanese, Hawaiians, and whites — responded to the crisis.
David Vital
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199246816
- eISBN:
- 9780191697623
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246816.003.0420
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Three-fifths of the civilian population of Jews of continental Europe were done to death in the course of World War II by Germany and its allies. It was to be the solution for all time of what was ...
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Three-fifths of the civilian population of Jews of continental Europe were done to death in the course of World War II by Germany and its allies. It was to be the solution for all time of what was conceived in Berlin as the Jewish Problem. Most victims were killed by firing squads or in gas chambers installed in camps dedicated to the purpose. The rest were finished off by massive ill treatment and starvation in the ghettos and concentration camps into which they had been corralled, or by subjection to homicidally intense slave labour and forced marches. The military defeat of Germany occurred before the programme could be completed, but National Socialist hegemony over Europe lasted long enough for the result to fall very little short of the intention – which was to deal the Jewish people, notably in its great east European heartland, a blow from which recovery would be impossible.Less
Three-fifths of the civilian population of Jews of continental Europe were done to death in the course of World War II by Germany and its allies. It was to be the solution for all time of what was conceived in Berlin as the Jewish Problem. Most victims were killed by firing squads or in gas chambers installed in camps dedicated to the purpose. The rest were finished off by massive ill treatment and starvation in the ghettos and concentration camps into which they had been corralled, or by subjection to homicidally intense slave labour and forced marches. The military defeat of Germany occurred before the programme could be completed, but National Socialist hegemony over Europe lasted long enough for the result to fall very little short of the intention – which was to deal the Jewish people, notably in its great east European heartland, a blow from which recovery would be impossible.
Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296294
- eISBN:
- 9780191599668
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296290.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
King documents the establishment and operation of British Instructional Centres from 1929–38, ‘labour camps’, which also featured physical training and reconditioning classes. He argues that, unlike ...
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King documents the establishment and operation of British Instructional Centres from 1929–38, ‘labour camps’, which also featured physical training and reconditioning classes. He argues that, unlike British eugenics policies, there was little expertise cited or marshalled in the formulation of British work camps; instead, such policies rested simply on the perception amongst senior civil servants that the long‐term unemployed required physical ‘reconditioning’ to successfully enter the labour market. As a result, in King's view, such camps serve as striking examples of collectivism and the antithesis of the liberalism individualism.Less
King documents the establishment and operation of British Instructional Centres from 1929–38, ‘labour camps’, which also featured physical training and reconditioning classes. He argues that, unlike British eugenics policies, there was little expertise cited or marshalled in the formulation of British work camps; instead, such policies rested simply on the perception amongst senior civil servants that the long‐term unemployed required physical ‘reconditioning’ to successfully enter the labour market. As a result, in King's view, such camps serve as striking examples of collectivism and the antithesis of the liberalism individualism.
Steven A. Barnes
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151120
- eISBN:
- 9781400838615
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151120.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
This book offers a fundamental reinterpretation of the role of the Gulag—the Soviet Union's vast system of forced-labor camps, internal exile, and prisons—in Soviet society. Soviet authorities ...
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This book offers a fundamental reinterpretation of the role of the Gulag—the Soviet Union's vast system of forced-labor camps, internal exile, and prisons—in Soviet society. Soviet authorities undoubtedly had the means to exterminate all the prisoners who passed through the Gulag, but unlike the Nazis they did not conceive of their concentration camps as instruments of genocide. This book argues that the Gulag must be understood primarily as a penal institution where prisoners were given one final chance to reintegrate into Soviet society. Millions whom authorities deemed “re-educated” through brutal forced labor were allowed to leave. Millions more who “failed” never got out alive. Drawing on newly opened archives in Russia and Kazakhstan as well as memoirs by actual prisoners, the book shows how the Gulag was integral to the Soviet goal of building a utopian socialist society. It takes readers into the Gulag itself, focusing on one outpost of the Gulag system in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan, a location that featured the full panoply of Soviet detention institutions. The book traces the Gulag experience from its beginnings after the 1917 Russian Revolution to its decline following the 1953 death of Stalin. It reveals how the Gulag defined the border between those who would re-enter Soviet society and those who would be excluded through death.Less
This book offers a fundamental reinterpretation of the role of the Gulag—the Soviet Union's vast system of forced-labor camps, internal exile, and prisons—in Soviet society. Soviet authorities undoubtedly had the means to exterminate all the prisoners who passed through the Gulag, but unlike the Nazis they did not conceive of their concentration camps as instruments of genocide. This book argues that the Gulag must be understood primarily as a penal institution where prisoners were given one final chance to reintegrate into Soviet society. Millions whom authorities deemed “re-educated” through brutal forced labor were allowed to leave. Millions more who “failed” never got out alive. Drawing on newly opened archives in Russia and Kazakhstan as well as memoirs by actual prisoners, the book shows how the Gulag was integral to the Soviet goal of building a utopian socialist society. It takes readers into the Gulag itself, focusing on one outpost of the Gulag system in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan, a location that featured the full panoply of Soviet detention institutions. The book traces the Gulag experience from its beginnings after the 1917 Russian Revolution to its decline following the 1953 death of Stalin. It reveals how the Gulag defined the border between those who would re-enter Soviet society and those who would be excluded through death.
Ann Taves
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195176452
- eISBN:
- 9780199785308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176452.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter addresses the problem of teaching ritual in relation to historically anti-ritualistic traditions that developed ritual forms of their own, specifically, Protestantism in America. The ...
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This chapter addresses the problem of teaching ritual in relation to historically anti-ritualistic traditions that developed ritual forms of their own, specifically, Protestantism in America. The chapter's author begins by describing how she would revise a course that she has frequently taught to include more discussion of the issues at stake in the ritualism critique and reformulation. In developing the interplay between these modes of religiosity, she focuses on the revivalist camp meetings as described in the memoirs of a 19th-century Methodist. In lieu of any classroom performance of their own, her graduate students experience the first-person descriptions of a remarkable eyewitness by reading the rich observations and interpretations of a participant who is cognizant of the subtle reformulations taking place at every stage.Less
This chapter addresses the problem of teaching ritual in relation to historically anti-ritualistic traditions that developed ritual forms of their own, specifically, Protestantism in America. The chapter's author begins by describing how she would revise a course that she has frequently taught to include more discussion of the issues at stake in the ritualism critique and reformulation. In developing the interplay between these modes of religiosity, she focuses on the revivalist camp meetings as described in the memoirs of a 19th-century Methodist. In lieu of any classroom performance of their own, her graduate students experience the first-person descriptions of a remarkable eyewitness by reading the rich observations and interpretations of a participant who is cognizant of the subtle reformulations taking place at every stage.
Federico Varese
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297369
- eISBN:
- 9780191600272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829736X.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Russian Politics
If mafia groups are present in a market, they must be organized in some form. Two questions have generated a heated and long-running debate among scholars of the mafias: first, are criminal groups ...
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If mafia groups are present in a market, they must be organized in some form. Two questions have generated a heated and long-running debate among scholars of the mafias: first, are criminal groups organized in a hierarchical and military fashion or, on the contrary, are they loose networks of individuals, getting together to perform a specific task; second, are these groups territorially or functionally organized? Chapter 6 addresses these two questions with reference to the city of Perm, which is in the Gulag Archipelago in the Ural region of Russia. It pieces together some elements in the history of Perm’s criminality at the time of the transition from the Soviet economic and political system to the market economy, discussing the legacy of the Gulag (in the shape of the criminal fraternity of the vory-v-zakone – thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – that flourished in the Soviet labour camps between the 1920s and the 1950s, and re-emerged in the 1970s) in relation to the contemporary criminal situation, the post-Soviet criminal groups that emerged in the city, and inter-group relations and conflicts. Lastly, it analyses the organizational arrangements (structure, size, and internal division of labour) of the mafia groups in Perm, and compares them with other gangs and mafias (principally the Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra).Less
If mafia groups are present in a market, they must be organized in some form. Two questions have generated a heated and long-running debate among scholars of the mafias: first, are criminal groups organized in a hierarchical and military fashion or, on the contrary, are they loose networks of individuals, getting together to perform a specific task; second, are these groups territorially or functionally organized? Chapter 6 addresses these two questions with reference to the city of Perm, which is in the Gulag Archipelago in the Ural region of Russia. It pieces together some elements in the history of Perm’s criminality at the time of the transition from the Soviet economic and political system to the market economy, discussing the legacy of the Gulag (in the shape of the criminal fraternity of the vory-v-zakone – thieves-with-a-code-of-honour – that flourished in the Soviet labour camps between the 1920s and the 1950s, and re-emerged in the 1970s) in relation to the contemporary criminal situation, the post-Soviet criminal groups that emerged in the city, and inter-group relations and conflicts. Lastly, it analyses the organizational arrangements (structure, size, and internal division of labour) of the mafia groups in Perm, and compares them with other gangs and mafias (principally the Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra).
Anne Marie Oliver and Paul F. Steinberg
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195305593
- eISBN:
- 9780199850815
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305593.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The induction ceremony had been held shortly after they first arrived in Gaza. Yusuf had led them in to Beach Camp, then under siege by what seemed like hundreds of Israeli soldiers. The mass ...
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The induction ceremony had been held shortly after they first arrived in Gaza. Yusuf had led them in to Beach Camp, then under siege by what seemed like hundreds of Israeli soldiers. The mass confrontations between hundreds of Palestinians and Israeli soldiers would be later replaced by battles between organized groups of shabab and soldiers. But back then, the intifada was young, and the throngs on the street were ordinary people. They bumped into a young Palestine guard on duty who led them to a sanctuary. When the battle died down, they were able to navigate their way out of the camp back to the relative safety of the streets of Deir al–Balah, their eyes and throats stinging from tear gas, burning trash, and rubber.Less
The induction ceremony had been held shortly after they first arrived in Gaza. Yusuf had led them in to Beach Camp, then under siege by what seemed like hundreds of Israeli soldiers. The mass confrontations between hundreds of Palestinians and Israeli soldiers would be later replaced by battles between organized groups of shabab and soldiers. But back then, the intifada was young, and the throngs on the street were ordinary people. They bumped into a young Palestine guard on duty who led them to a sanctuary. When the battle died down, they were able to navigate their way out of the camp back to the relative safety of the streets of Deir al–Balah, their eyes and throats stinging from tear gas, burning trash, and rubber.
Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296294
- eISBN:
- 9780191599668
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296290.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
King investigates historical examples of social policies that conflict with liberal democratic precepts by treating some individuals differently than others. His central thesis is that existing ...
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King investigates historical examples of social policies that conflict with liberal democratic precepts by treating some individuals differently than others. His central thesis is that existing accounts of American and British political development neglect how and why illiberal elements are intertwined in the creation of modern liberal democratic institutions. King argues that such elements are explicable in terms of the liberal democratic framework itself and thus illustrate paradoxical features of these polities; in his view, measures promoted ‘in the name of liberalism’ permit and, indeed, generate a surprising variety of illiberal social policies while at the same time revealing the political and intellectual breadth of liberalism and its interpretations. To argue his case, King undertakes three case studies of such social policies in the US and Britain: first, he examines eugenic policies in the 1920s and 1930s; work camps as parts of the response to unemployment in the Great Depression years; and modern workfare schemes. In King's view, each case demonstrates the range of motives for government intervention and the consequences of such motives on democracy. He concludes by arguing that illiberal features of particular social policies have serious implications for the notion of citizenship: how it is defined and who gets to define it, and what duties and obligations it entails.Less
King investigates historical examples of social policies that conflict with liberal democratic precepts by treating some individuals differently than others. His central thesis is that existing accounts of American and British political development neglect how and why illiberal elements are intertwined in the creation of modern liberal democratic institutions. King argues that such elements are explicable in terms of the liberal democratic framework itself and thus illustrate paradoxical features of these polities; in his view, measures promoted ‘in the name of liberalism’ permit and, indeed, generate a surprising variety of illiberal social policies while at the same time revealing the political and intellectual breadth of liberalism and its interpretations. To argue his case, King undertakes three case studies of such social policies in the US and Britain: first, he examines eugenic policies in the 1920s and 1930s; work camps as parts of the response to unemployment in the Great Depression years; and modern workfare schemes. In King's view, each case demonstrates the range of motives for government intervention and the consequences of such motives on democracy. He concludes by arguing that illiberal features of particular social policies have serious implications for the notion of citizenship: how it is defined and who gets to define it, and what duties and obligations it entails.
Ted Gest
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195103434
- eISBN:
- 9780199833887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195103432.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Violent crime is committed disproportionately by young men, but government never has conducted a coherent, aggressive campaign against serious juvenile delinquency. The fragmentation has been evident ...
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Violent crime is committed disproportionately by young men, but government never has conducted a coherent, aggressive campaign against serious juvenile delinquency. The fragmentation has been evident since the late 1960s, when federal authority was divided between health and justice agencies. A 1974 law created a federal Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to take charge. The law set progressive standards, but the administration of Ronald Reagan tried to kill the agency in the early 1980s and downgraded it after Congress refused to end funding. The Reagan Justice Department did forge an alliance with the MacArthur Foundation to start a long‐term study of juvenile crime's causes. Meanwhile, a steady increase in arrests of juveniles prompted to require that more teen suspects be tried in adult courts, even when studies showed the tactic ineffective in preventing repeat criminality. Congressional Republicans helped enact a large “juvenile accountability” program designed to provide federal aid to programs that got tough on young lawbreakers. Some measures failed on a broad scale, such as ‘boot camps’ aimed at instilling more discipline in delinquents. Despite many promising crime prevention programs, the Congress under Republicans control starting in 1995 generally refused to fund them. Juvenile crime arrests declined sharply since the mid‐1990s, but there was no solid proof of what caused the change, whether government programs, the improved economy, or a lower number of teens in the population.Less
Violent crime is committed disproportionately by young men, but government never has conducted a coherent, aggressive campaign against serious juvenile delinquency. The fragmentation has been evident since the late 1960s, when federal authority was divided between health and justice agencies. A 1974 law created a federal Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) to take charge. The law set progressive standards, but the administration of Ronald Reagan tried to kill the agency in the early 1980s and downgraded it after Congress refused to end funding. The Reagan Justice Department did forge an alliance with the MacArthur Foundation to start a long‐term study of juvenile crime's causes. Meanwhile, a steady increase in arrests of juveniles prompted to require that more teen suspects be tried in adult courts, even when studies showed the tactic ineffective in preventing repeat criminality. Congressional Republicans helped enact a large “juvenile accountability” program designed to provide federal aid to programs that got tough on young lawbreakers. Some measures failed on a broad scale, such as ‘boot camps’ aimed at instilling more discipline in delinquents. Despite many promising crime prevention programs, the Congress under Republicans control starting in 1995 generally refused to fund them. Juvenile crime arrests declined sharply since the mid‐1990s, but there was no solid proof of what caused the change, whether government programs, the improved economy, or a lower number of teens in the population.
Desmond King
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296294
- eISBN:
- 9780191599668
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296290.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Examines the use of work camps in the US, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), as a mechanism to address unemployment in the 1930s. Beginning with a brief overview of the origins and establishment ...
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Examines the use of work camps in the US, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), as a mechanism to address unemployment in the 1930s. Beginning with a brief overview of the origins and establishment of the CCC, King provides an account of these camps at work: the ways in which the Corps was made compatible with traditional US political values as well as how attempts to make it permanent were thwarted. In addition, King underlines the racial dimension of the Corps’ organization and activities, while exploring the implications of the federal government's segregationist arrangements.Less
Examines the use of work camps in the US, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), as a mechanism to address unemployment in the 1930s. Beginning with a brief overview of the origins and establishment of the CCC, King provides an account of these camps at work: the ways in which the Corps was made compatible with traditional US political values as well as how attempts to make it permanent were thwarted. In addition, King underlines the racial dimension of the Corps’ organization and activities, while exploring the implications of the federal government's segregationist arrangements.
Robert Gellately
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205609
- eISBN:
- 9780191676697
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205609.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter discusses how concentration camps became firmly established in the public mind. As the war dragged on, the camp world invaded everyday life as never before, and confronted citizens with ...
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This chapter discusses how concentration camps became firmly established in the public mind. As the war dragged on, the camp world invaded everyday life as never before, and confronted citizens with the cruellest sides of the dictatorship. Camp prisoners and slave workers appeared in public spaces all over Germany, from factories to city streets, and became impossible to overlook. By and large, Germans regarded the prisoners in their telltale camp garb and often in wooden shoes in terms they had come to accept from pre-war propaganda. Although there are stories from survivors of the help and comfort they received, the overwhelming impression is that Germans were at best indifferent and fearful, and at worst they shared the guards' scorn, hostility, and hatred.Less
This chapter discusses how concentration camps became firmly established in the public mind. As the war dragged on, the camp world invaded everyday life as never before, and confronted citizens with the cruellest sides of the dictatorship. Camp prisoners and slave workers appeared in public spaces all over Germany, from factories to city streets, and became impossible to overlook. By and large, Germans regarded the prisoners in their telltale camp garb and often in wooden shoes in terms they had come to accept from pre-war propaganda. Although there are stories from survivors of the help and comfort they received, the overwhelming impression is that Germans were at best indifferent and fearful, and at worst they shared the guards' scorn, hostility, and hatred.
Geoffrey Charles Emerson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098800
- eISBN:
- 9789882206977
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098800.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter provides a summary description of the life and conditions experienced by internees in the Stanley camp. It notes that no one starved to death, and the fact remains that every day of ...
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This chapter provides a summary description of the life and conditions experienced by internees in the Stanley camp. It notes that no one starved to death, and the fact remains that every day of internment there was something to eat. It further observes that many skilled medical personnel were interned and so few people died during internment, a total of less than 120. It reports that the interviews of former internees revealed that the Red Cross had done as much as possible and was extremely hindered by lack of cooperation from the Japanese authorities. It further reports that although Japan had not been a signatory to the Geneva Convention, the Japanese government had announced that it would follow the rules of the Convention. It observes that the Geneva Convention failed to note the vast difference between an Oriental, rice-based diet and a European diet.Less
This chapter provides a summary description of the life and conditions experienced by internees in the Stanley camp. It notes that no one starved to death, and the fact remains that every day of internment there was something to eat. It further observes that many skilled medical personnel were interned and so few people died during internment, a total of less than 120. It reports that the interviews of former internees revealed that the Red Cross had done as much as possible and was extremely hindered by lack of cooperation from the Japanese authorities. It further reports that although Japan had not been a signatory to the Geneva Convention, the Japanese government had announced that it would follow the rules of the Convention. It observes that the Geneva Convention failed to note the vast difference between an Oriental, rice-based diet and a European diet.
Mallory McDuff
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195379570
- eISBN:
- 9780199869084
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379570.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter addresses the question of how Christian education can engage youth in environmental stewardship and the moral imperative to protect God’s earth. The stories in this chapter highlight the ...
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This chapter addresses the question of how Christian education can engage youth in environmental stewardship and the moral imperative to protect God’s earth. The stories in this chapter highlight the ministry of Christian education for youth in three contexts: camp and conference centers, Sunday school classes, and youth groups. This chapter introduces faith leaders such as Stan Hubbard, the president of Kanuga Conferences, who saw green initiatives for camps as a discernment process that led to the installation of one of the largest solar water-heating systems in the Southeast. The lessons learned in this chapter include using land owned by religious institutions to engage youth in the outdoors, ensuring that camp facilities reflect environmental stewardship, using facilities as a teaching tool, integrating creation care into Sunday school, and harnessing the power of media to promote environmentally responsible behaviors.Less
This chapter addresses the question of how Christian education can engage youth in environmental stewardship and the moral imperative to protect God’s earth. The stories in this chapter highlight the ministry of Christian education for youth in three contexts: camp and conference centers, Sunday school classes, and youth groups. This chapter introduces faith leaders such as Stan Hubbard, the president of Kanuga Conferences, who saw green initiatives for camps as a discernment process that led to the installation of one of the largest solar water-heating systems in the Southeast. The lessons learned in this chapter include using land owned by religious institutions to engage youth in the outdoors, ensuring that camp facilities reflect environmental stewardship, using facilities as a teaching tool, integrating creation care into Sunday school, and harnessing the power of media to promote environmentally responsible behaviors.
Charles Barman and Ray Barman
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099760
- eISBN:
- 9789882207363
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099760.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This is one of the fullest descriptions of the fighting in Hong Kong in 1941 and subsequent imprisonment of Hong Kongers, but in addition it is the view of a mature professional soldier, one who had ...
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This is one of the fullest descriptions of the fighting in Hong Kong in 1941 and subsequent imprisonment of Hong Kongers, but in addition it is the view of a mature professional soldier, one who had signed on in 1919 and in his long service had seen much, spending time on the North West Frontier in India. The author of this book was a Quartermaster Sergeant in the Royal Artillery during the battle for Hong Kong in December 1941. His job was to keep the artillery supplied and so he criss-crossed the mainland and Hong Kong Island during the fighting, getting a broader view of what was going on than most participants. Fortunately he kept a diary during those terrible days. At the end of the battle, with his fellow soldiers, he became a prisoner of war, but he continued somehow to maintain his diary. He spent most of the war in the Argyle Street camp and provided the most complete coverage of life there.Less
This is one of the fullest descriptions of the fighting in Hong Kong in 1941 and subsequent imprisonment of Hong Kongers, but in addition it is the view of a mature professional soldier, one who had signed on in 1919 and in his long service had seen much, spending time on the North West Frontier in India. The author of this book was a Quartermaster Sergeant in the Royal Artillery during the battle for Hong Kong in December 1941. His job was to keep the artillery supplied and so he criss-crossed the mainland and Hong Kong Island during the fighting, getting a broader view of what was going on than most participants. Fortunately he kept a diary during those terrible days. At the end of the battle, with his fellow soldiers, he became a prisoner of war, but he continued somehow to maintain his diary. He spent most of the war in the Argyle Street camp and provided the most complete coverage of life there.
Geoffrey Charles Emerson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098800
- eISBN:
- 9789882206977
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098800.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This book tells the story of the more than three thousand non-Chinese civilians — British, American, Dutch, and others — who were trapped in the British colony and interned behind barbed wire in ...
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This book tells the story of the more than three thousand non-Chinese civilians — British, American, Dutch, and others — who were trapped in the British colony and interned behind barbed wire in Stanley Internment Camp from 1942 to 1945. From 1970 to 1972, while researching for his MA thesis, the author interviewed twenty-three former Stanley internees. During these meetings, the internees talked about their lives in the Stanley Camp during the Japanese occupation. Long regarded as a reference and frequently consulted as a primary source on Stanley since its completion in 1973, the study is now republished with a new introduction and fresh discussions that recognize later work and information released since the original thesis was written. Additional illustrations, including a new map and photographs, as well as an up-to-date bibliography, have also been included in the book.Less
This book tells the story of the more than three thousand non-Chinese civilians — British, American, Dutch, and others — who were trapped in the British colony and interned behind barbed wire in Stanley Internment Camp from 1942 to 1945. From 1970 to 1972, while researching for his MA thesis, the author interviewed twenty-three former Stanley internees. During these meetings, the internees talked about their lives in the Stanley Camp during the Japanese occupation. Long regarded as a reference and frequently consulted as a primary source on Stanley since its completion in 1973, the study is now republished with a new introduction and fresh discussions that recognize later work and information released since the original thesis was written. Additional illustrations, including a new map and photographs, as well as an up-to-date bibliography, have also been included in the book.
Michael L. Morgan
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195148626
- eISBN:
- 9780199870011
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195148622.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
The views of various American liberal intellectuals and Jewish writers on the Nazi death camps are discussed, starting with Lionel Trilling, a postwar New York literary critic, who addressed the ...
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The views of various American liberal intellectuals and Jewish writers on the Nazi death camps are discussed, starting with Lionel Trilling, a postwar New York literary critic, who addressed the issue of the death of the novel and the impotence of the mind in relation to the horror of the Nazi camps. The main part of the chapter is devoted to a discussion of the testimonies of three death camp survivors – Elie Wiesel, Primo Levi, and Jean Améry. Levi's viewpoint of the camps is not that of a religious Jew, but as a scientist and secular humanist, and he discusses the fact that normal prisoners (like Wiesel and Améry) were perhaps not in the best position to report on the camps, while those who held privileged positions (like himself) perhaps were.Less
The views of various American liberal intellectuals and Jewish writers on the Nazi death camps are discussed, starting with Lionel Trilling, a postwar New York literary critic, who addressed the issue of the death of the novel and the impotence of the mind in relation to the horror of the Nazi camps. The main part of the chapter is devoted to a discussion of the testimonies of three death camp survivors – Elie Wiesel, Primo Levi, and Jean Améry. Levi's viewpoint of the camps is not that of a religious Jew, but as a scientist and secular humanist, and he discusses the fact that normal prisoners (like Wiesel and Améry) were perhaps not in the best position to report on the camps, while those who held privileged positions (like himself) perhaps were.
Matthew M. Briones
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691129488
- eISBN:
- 9781400842216
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691129488.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the U.S. government rounded up more than one hundred thousand Japanese Americans and sent them to internment camps. One of those internees was ...
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Following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the U.S. government rounded up more than one hundred thousand Japanese Americans and sent them to internment camps. One of those internees was Charles Kikuchi. In thousands of diary pages, he documented his experiences in the camps, his resettlement in Chicago and drafting into the army on the eve of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and his postwar life as a social worker in New York City. Kikuchi's diaries bear witness to a watershed era in American race relations, and expose both the promise and the hypocrisy of American democracy. This book follows Kikuchi's personal odyssey among fellow Japanese American intellectuals, immigrant activists, Chicago School social scientists, everyday people on Chicago's South Side, and psychologically scarred veterans in the hospitals of New York. The book chronicles a remarkable moment in America's history in which interracial alliances challenged the limits of the elusive democratic ideal, and in which the nation was forced to choose between civil liberty and the fearful politics of racial hysteria. It was an era of world war and the atomic bomb, desegregation in the military but Jim and Jap Crow elsewhere in America, and a hopeful progressivism that gave way to Cold War paranoia. The book looks at Kikuchi's life and diaries as a lens through which to observe the possibilities, failures, and key conversations in a dynamic multiracial America.Less
Following Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the U.S. government rounded up more than one hundred thousand Japanese Americans and sent them to internment camps. One of those internees was Charles Kikuchi. In thousands of diary pages, he documented his experiences in the camps, his resettlement in Chicago and drafting into the army on the eve of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and his postwar life as a social worker in New York City. Kikuchi's diaries bear witness to a watershed era in American race relations, and expose both the promise and the hypocrisy of American democracy. This book follows Kikuchi's personal odyssey among fellow Japanese American intellectuals, immigrant activists, Chicago School social scientists, everyday people on Chicago's South Side, and psychologically scarred veterans in the hospitals of New York. The book chronicles a remarkable moment in America's history in which interracial alliances challenged the limits of the elusive democratic ideal, and in which the nation was forced to choose between civil liberty and the fearful politics of racial hysteria. It was an era of world war and the atomic bomb, desegregation in the military but Jim and Jap Crow elsewhere in America, and a hopeful progressivism that gave way to Cold War paranoia. The book looks at Kikuchi's life and diaries as a lens through which to observe the possibilities, failures, and key conversations in a dynamic multiracial America.
William Kostlevy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377842
- eISBN:
- 9780199777204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377842.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The MCA was a product of Chicago, Chicago’s evangelical sub-cultural and Chicago Methodism. Its founders were businessmen E. L. Harvey and Duke Farson. In 1897 evangelist Beverly Carradine led the ...
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The MCA was a product of Chicago, Chicago’s evangelical sub-cultural and Chicago Methodism. Its founders were businessmen E. L. Harvey and Duke Farson. In 1897 evangelist Beverly Carradine led the recently established church into the Holiness Movement. Initially sharing much with the Social Gospel Movement, the movement gradually separated from Methodism through the influence of such popular holiness figures as Carradine, Seth C. Rees and Martin Wells Knapp. The movement in turn helped radicalize Knapp and the pioneer missionaries to Japan Charles and Lettie Burd Cowman. The Cowman’s would play a key role in the founding of the Oriental Missionary Society, a key player in the spread of holiness style Christianity through out Asia but especially Korea.Less
The MCA was a product of Chicago, Chicago’s evangelical sub-cultural and Chicago Methodism. Its founders were businessmen E. L. Harvey and Duke Farson. In 1897 evangelist Beverly Carradine led the recently established church into the Holiness Movement. Initially sharing much with the Social Gospel Movement, the movement gradually separated from Methodism through the influence of such popular holiness figures as Carradine, Seth C. Rees and Martin Wells Knapp. The movement in turn helped radicalize Knapp and the pioneer missionaries to Japan Charles and Lettie Burd Cowman. The Cowman’s would play a key role in the founding of the Oriental Missionary Society, a key player in the spread of holiness style Christianity through out Asia but especially Korea.
William Kostlevy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195377842
- eISBN:
- 9780199777204
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377842.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
First noted for its demonstrative worship, the MCA’s periodical the Burning Bush employing the standard practices of early twentieth century muckraking journalism such as printing legal documents, ...
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First noted for its demonstrative worship, the MCA’s periodical the Burning Bush employing the standard practices of early twentieth century muckraking journalism such as printing legal documents, private correspondence and most notable cartoons critical of Holiness Movement, public religious and political figures had become notorious by 1903. Other religious institutions followed. These included a camp meeting, a Bible School orphanage, and sending of evangelists across the Midwest and the North East. At the Buffalo Rock Camp Meeting of 1902, MCA leaders’ first public embraced the practice of giving up personal property. As 1902 ended, an MCA campaign in New England resulted in the conversion of prominent New England holiness radicals, such as African American Susan Fogg to the MCA.Less
First noted for its demonstrative worship, the MCA’s periodical the Burning Bush employing the standard practices of early twentieth century muckraking journalism such as printing legal documents, private correspondence and most notable cartoons critical of Holiness Movement, public religious and political figures had become notorious by 1903. Other religious institutions followed. These included a camp meeting, a Bible School orphanage, and sending of evangelists across the Midwest and the North East. At the Buffalo Rock Camp Meeting of 1902, MCA leaders’ first public embraced the practice of giving up personal property. As 1902 ended, an MCA campaign in New England resulted in the conversion of prominent New England holiness radicals, such as African American Susan Fogg to the MCA.
Steven A. Barnes
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691151120
- eISBN:
- 9781400838615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691151120.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
This chapter looks at the Gulag and the Karaganda camps in the foundational era—the 1930s—and the practices of the camp system as they were shaped in that important decade. The Gulag's practices had ...
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This chapter looks at the Gulag and the Karaganda camps in the foundational era—the 1930s—and the practices of the camp system as they were shaped in that important decade. The Gulag's practices had largely been established by the end of the 1930s. Practices had been set up and even codified in a detailed set of regulations in 1939 for constructing and running Gulag institutions. They defined the line between survival and death in the Gulag system, tying prisoner survival to measures of reeducation. A prisoner culture and society also emerged as each prisoner sought to negotiate these practices in an effort to survive.Less
This chapter looks at the Gulag and the Karaganda camps in the foundational era—the 1930s—and the practices of the camp system as they were shaped in that important decade. The Gulag's practices had largely been established by the end of the 1930s. Practices had been set up and even codified in a detailed set of regulations in 1939 for constructing and running Gulag institutions. They defined the line between survival and death in the Gulag system, tying prisoner survival to measures of reeducation. A prisoner culture and society also emerged as each prisoner sought to negotiate these practices in an effort to survive.
