Peter A. Swenson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195142976
- eISBN:
- 9780199872190
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195142977.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Submits additional evidence for the cross‐class alliance theory of welfare state development in order to challenge competing theories, especially those that deny the positive role that capitalist ...
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Submits additional evidence for the cross‐class alliance theory of welfare state development in order to challenge competing theories, especially those that deny the positive role that capitalist power plays in determining the timing and shaping of reform. It shows, contrary to influential institutionalist theory, that the New Dealers did not act in bold defiance of monolithic opposition from capitalists, for in fact business organizations were internally divided; that corporate progressives were not disappointed with the New Deal; and that the New Dealers were not interested in building or defending state institutions that would endow bureaucrats and policy experts with the autonomous power to execute progressive policy without regard to capitalist interests. The discussion also challenges other theories that focus on the following: the loss of capitalist power due to the Depression and therefore politicians’ supposed new freedom to ignore business confidence; horse trading between internationalist business interests with little to lose from progressive legislation, and labor groups with little to lose from free trade; and direct pressure from capitalists for regulatory social reform.Less
Submits additional evidence for the cross‐class alliance theory of welfare state development in order to challenge competing theories, especially those that deny the positive role that capitalist power plays in determining the timing and shaping of reform. It shows, contrary to influential institutionalist theory, that the New Dealers did not act in bold defiance of monolithic opposition from capitalists, for in fact business organizations were internally divided; that corporate progressives were not disappointed with the New Deal; and that the New Dealers were not interested in building or defending state institutions that would endow bureaucrats and policy experts with the autonomous power to execute progressive policy without regard to capitalist interests. The discussion also challenges other theories that focus on the following: the loss of capitalist power due to the Depression and therefore politicians’ supposed new freedom to ignore business confidence; horse trading between internationalist business interests with little to lose from progressive legislation, and labor groups with little to lose from free trade; and direct pressure from capitalists for regulatory social reform.
Martin Shapiro
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199256488
- eISBN:
- 9780191600234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199256489.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The two papers in Ch. 5 examine how lawyers and law professors, operating in private arenas, successfully revived a pre-modern legal system, the Lex Mercatoria – the international body of trade law ...
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The two papers in Ch. 5 examine how lawyers and law professors, operating in private arenas, successfully revived a pre-modern legal system, the Lex Mercatoria – the international body of trade law derived from merchant practice. Shapiro’s paper, which was originally published in The State and Freedom of Contract (ed. Harry Scheiber, Stanford University Press) in 1998) first introduces the Lex Mercatoria (the law of merchants) in relation to freedom of contract and contract law, and then discusses globalizing tendencies in contract law, doctrine, and jurisprudence, before moving on to globalizing tendencies in contract practice, using the legal doctrine of conflict of laws as a baseline for measurement of globalization tendencies. Here, Lex Mercatoria (or general principles of law) often play a substantial part in the resolution of contract disputes, particularly where arbitration is involved. Shapiro goes on to deal with the unification of private law in the United States in the 1920s (the trans-state harmonization of contract law), which he uses as a benchmark to assess the massive post-Second World War movement to a global law of contract. Aspects addressed include the globalization of contracting practice and law, the American-style contract (in relation to franchising law and mineral (non-oil) development contracts), and developments in business organization and law institutions.Less
The two papers in Ch. 5 examine how lawyers and law professors, operating in private arenas, successfully revived a pre-modern legal system, the Lex Mercatoria – the international body of trade law derived from merchant practice. Shapiro’s paper, which was originally published in The State and Freedom of Contract (ed. Harry Scheiber, Stanford University Press) in 1998) first introduces the Lex Mercatoria (the law of merchants) in relation to freedom of contract and contract law, and then discusses globalizing tendencies in contract law, doctrine, and jurisprudence, before moving on to globalizing tendencies in contract practice, using the legal doctrine of conflict of laws as a baseline for measurement of globalization tendencies. Here, Lex Mercatoria (or general principles of law) often play a substantial part in the resolution of contract disputes, particularly where arbitration is involved. Shapiro goes on to deal with the unification of private law in the United States in the 1920s (the trans-state harmonization of contract law), which he uses as a benchmark to assess the massive post-Second World War movement to a global law of contract. Aspects addressed include the globalization of contracting practice and law, the American-style contract (in relation to franchising law and mineral (non-oil) development contracts), and developments in business organization and law institutions.
Marcela Miozzo and Vivien Walsh
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199259236
- eISBN:
- 9780191717901
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199259236.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
This chapter describes the new forms of business and production organization in Japan and the ‘third Italy’ (new competition), which exposed the limitations in production organization of managerial ...
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This chapter describes the new forms of business and production organization in Japan and the ‘third Italy’ (new competition), which exposed the limitations in production organization of managerial capitalism. These forms include ‘networks’ of firms (in the shape of large corporations in Japan and small firm industrial districts in Italy), inter-firm relations, new production concepts such as just-in-time, and the role of industrial policy. The problems of this form of business and production organization are described. The business and production organization forms responsible for the resurgence of US high-tech industry (network-based systems integration) are examined.Less
This chapter describes the new forms of business and production organization in Japan and the ‘third Italy’ (new competition), which exposed the limitations in production organization of managerial capitalism. These forms include ‘networks’ of firms (in the shape of large corporations in Japan and small firm industrial districts in Italy), inter-firm relations, new production concepts such as just-in-time, and the role of industrial policy. The problems of this form of business and production organization are described. The business and production organization forms responsible for the resurgence of US high-tech industry (network-based systems integration) are examined.
Jonathan Zeitlin and Gary Herrigel (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199269044
- eISBN:
- 9780191717123
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269044.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
Throughout the evolution of the modern world economy, new models of productive efficiency and business organization have emerged — in Britain in the 19th century, in the US in the early (and perhaps ...
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Throughout the evolution of the modern world economy, new models of productive efficiency and business organization have emerged — in Britain in the 19th century, in the US in the early (and perhaps late) 20th century, and in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s. At each point, foreign observers have looked for the secrets of success and best practice, and initiatives have been taken to transmit and diffuse. This book looks in detail at ‘Americanization’ in Europe and Japan in the post-war period. The processes, ideologies, and adaptations in a number of different countries (the UK, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden, Germany) and different sectors (engineering, telecommunications, motor vehicles, steel, and rubber) are explored. This book details theoretical analysis of the complexities of the diffusion of business organization and the powerful influences of Americanization in this century.Less
Throughout the evolution of the modern world economy, new models of productive efficiency and business organization have emerged — in Britain in the 19th century, in the US in the early (and perhaps late) 20th century, and in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s. At each point, foreign observers have looked for the secrets of success and best practice, and initiatives have been taken to transmit and diffuse. This book looks in detail at ‘Americanization’ in Europe and Japan in the post-war period. The processes, ideologies, and adaptations in a number of different countries (the UK, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden, Germany) and different sectors (engineering, telecommunications, motor vehicles, steel, and rubber) are explored. This book details theoretical analysis of the complexities of the diffusion of business organization and the powerful influences of Americanization in this century.
David Paul Nord
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195173116
- eISBN:
- 9780199835683
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195173112.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter discusses the business organization strategies of religious publishers. Although the American Bible Society, American Tract Society, and American Sunday School Union had developed the ...
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This chapter discusses the business organization strategies of religious publishers. Although the American Bible Society, American Tract Society, and American Sunday School Union had developed the technological capacity for universal mass media by 1830, they lacked the organizational ability to distribute these books to all the people who needed them. Focusing on the work of the American Bible Society and American Tract Society in the 1830s and 1840s, it is shown how the religious publishers created new structures and strategies of business organization to do, through the invisible hand of administration, what invisible hand of the market could not do.Less
This chapter discusses the business organization strategies of religious publishers. Although the American Bible Society, American Tract Society, and American Sunday School Union had developed the technological capacity for universal mass media by 1830, they lacked the organizational ability to distribute these books to all the people who needed them. Focusing on the work of the American Bible Society and American Tract Society in the 1830s and 1840s, it is shown how the religious publishers created new structures and strategies of business organization to do, through the invisible hand of administration, what invisible hand of the market could not do.
Michael H. Best
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297451
- eISBN:
- 9780191595967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297459.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
Competing perspectives on the role of technology in economic growth are briefly presented. Neoclassical growth theory does not control for technology; the ‘new growth theory’ accounts for new ideas; ...
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Competing perspectives on the role of technology in economic growth are briefly presented. Neoclassical growth theory does not control for technology; the ‘new growth theory’ accounts for new ideas; and Joseph Schumpeter focuses attention on innovation and the entrepreneur. Michael Porter, following Alfred Chandler, focuses attention on business organization and competitive strategy and introduces the concept of cluster to explain competitiveness. The capabilities and innovation perspective that informs The New Competitive Advantage develops the concept of the entrepreneurial firm; distinguishes technology from technology management; integrates production into business organization; and contrasts inter‐firm relations in terms of market, and closed‐ and open‐networks. Driven by a technology capability and market opportunity, dynamic, entrepreneurial firms are forever advancing their own capabilities. In the process a region's technology capabilities are revitalized and growth potential is enhanced. The book is organized around Productivity Triad, a concept that captures the interdependencies amongst business model, production capabilities, and skill formation.Less
Competing perspectives on the role of technology in economic growth are briefly presented. Neoclassical growth theory does not control for technology; the ‘new growth theory’ accounts for new ideas; and Joseph Schumpeter focuses attention on innovation and the entrepreneur. Michael Porter, following Alfred Chandler, focuses attention on business organization and competitive strategy and introduces the concept of cluster to explain competitiveness. The capabilities and innovation perspective that informs The New Competitive Advantage develops the concept of the entrepreneurial firm; distinguishes technology from technology management; integrates production into business organization; and contrasts inter‐firm relations in terms of market, and closed‐ and open‐networks. Driven by a technology capability and market opportunity, dynamic, entrepreneurial firms are forever advancing their own capabilities. In the process a region's technology capabilities are revitalized and growth potential is enhanced. The book is organized around Productivity Triad, a concept that captures the interdependencies amongst business model, production capabilities, and skill formation.
Keith Grint
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198775003
- eISBN:
- 9780191695346
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198775003.003.0020
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, HRM / IR
In examining management styles during the 1990s, there are three fundamental features that need to be analysed: endeavours made in changing the operations of organizations; the fact that these ...
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In examining management styles during the 1990s, there are three fundamental features that need to be analysed: endeavours made in changing the operations of organizations; the fact that these endeavours mostly resulted in failure; and the fact that most organizations may be characterized with risk aversion. As has been seen in previous chapters, organizations and managing organizations in the Western World is accompanied by a continuous state of turmoil since consecutive changes are viewed to be attempts at reversing what has previously been constructed. The traditional measures of business organization and the organization of public services are no longer feasible for dealing with how overseas competitors have increased within the industry. This chapter looks into how organizations have failed to proceed with successful transformations.Less
In examining management styles during the 1990s, there are three fundamental features that need to be analysed: endeavours made in changing the operations of organizations; the fact that these endeavours mostly resulted in failure; and the fact that most organizations may be characterized with risk aversion. As has been seen in previous chapters, organizations and managing organizations in the Western World is accompanied by a continuous state of turmoil since consecutive changes are viewed to be attempts at reversing what has previously been constructed. The traditional measures of business organization and the organization of public services are no longer feasible for dealing with how overseas competitors have increased within the industry. This chapter looks into how organizations have failed to proceed with successful transformations.
Charles Heckscher, Michael Maccoby, Rafael Ramirez, and Pierre-Eric Tixier
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199261758
- eISBN:
- 9780191718687
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261758.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This book focuses on the transition faced by business organizations and their stakeholders as they move from protected markets to open competition, and it explores how these changes can be ...
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This book focuses on the transition faced by business organizations and their stakeholders as they move from protected markets to open competition, and it explores how these changes can be facilitated by outside interveners/agents. Centering on four case studies — AT&T, Lucent, Electricité de France, and the Italian State Railways — the book analyses the approach to intervention, the problems created by existing systems of stakeholder dialogue, and the prospects for change. It draws two fundamental lessons. Firstly, that intervention in these situations must be broad and involving — a ‘full engagement’ approach — in order to achieve changes in relations and identities among a range of players. The book explores the key elements and practical techniques of this approach. Secondly, that the issues ultimately go beyond improving union-management relations or organizational structures; even in the best cases, the players have been unable to reach stable agreements in the face of continuing pressures for change. A deep transformation of the system of stakeholder relations is required — the creation of a system of ‘post-industrial relations’. The book includes discussion of managerial problems and intervention strategies in an ever more responsive and flexible economy, and also the implications for democracy in the work-place and the future of union representation. The book is valuable for consultants, unionists, managers, and public policy makers, and accessible also to students and the interested public.Less
This book focuses on the transition faced by business organizations and their stakeholders as they move from protected markets to open competition, and it explores how these changes can be facilitated by outside interveners/agents. Centering on four case studies — AT&T, Lucent, Electricité de France, and the Italian State Railways — the book analyses the approach to intervention, the problems created by existing systems of stakeholder dialogue, and the prospects for change. It draws two fundamental lessons. Firstly, that intervention in these situations must be broad and involving — a ‘full engagement’ approach — in order to achieve changes in relations and identities among a range of players. The book explores the key elements and practical techniques of this approach. Secondly, that the issues ultimately go beyond improving union-management relations or organizational structures; even in the best cases, the players have been unable to reach stable agreements in the face of continuing pressures for change. A deep transformation of the system of stakeholder relations is required — the creation of a system of ‘post-industrial relations’. The book includes discussion of managerial problems and intervention strategies in an ever more responsive and flexible economy, and also the implications for democracy in the work-place and the future of union representation. The book is valuable for consultants, unionists, managers, and public policy makers, and accessible also to students and the interested public.
Grahame F. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199594832
- eISBN:
- 9780191746079
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199594832.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Political Economy
Modern constitutions are relatively recent instruments of rule and are closely associated with the formation of national states from the eighteenth century onwards. So what is this term doing in ...
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Modern constitutions are relatively recent instruments of rule and are closely associated with the formation of national states from the eighteenth century onwards. So what is this term doing in respect to global business practices and corporate affairs? This question is the one the book sets out to explore. The argument is that with the advent of globalization — where corporate organizations and the commercial relations that accompany them are argued to have become increasingly transnational — the locus of powers, authorities, and responsibilities has shifted to the global level. The nation-state arena is losing its capacity to regulate and control commercial processes and practices as a transformational logic kicks-in, associated with new forms of global rule making and governance. And it is this new arena of global rule making can be considered as a surrogate form of global constitutionalization, or ‘quasi-constitutionalization’. But as might be expected, this surrogate process of constitutionalization is not a coherent program or a set of rounded outcomes but is full of contradictory half-finished currents and projects: an ‘assemblage’ of many disparate advances and often directionless moves — almost an accidental coming together of elements. Thus, the book is about governance, law, and constitutional matters. these are discussed in the context of international corporate constitutional governance. So, the emphasis is upon how and why the business world, commercial relations, and particularly company activities have increasingly become subject to legal and constitutional forms of regulation and governance at the international level. The questions asked is how to characterize the process that has seen the international corporate sphere increasingly subject to juridical and constitutional-like regulatory initiatives and interventions. Does this amount to a new attempt to subject international commercial relations to the ‘rule by law’ and, indeed, to rule the world through these very means?Less
Modern constitutions are relatively recent instruments of rule and are closely associated with the formation of national states from the eighteenth century onwards. So what is this term doing in respect to global business practices and corporate affairs? This question is the one the book sets out to explore. The argument is that with the advent of globalization — where corporate organizations and the commercial relations that accompany them are argued to have become increasingly transnational — the locus of powers, authorities, and responsibilities has shifted to the global level. The nation-state arena is losing its capacity to regulate and control commercial processes and practices as a transformational logic kicks-in, associated with new forms of global rule making and governance. And it is this new arena of global rule making can be considered as a surrogate form of global constitutionalization, or ‘quasi-constitutionalization’. But as might be expected, this surrogate process of constitutionalization is not a coherent program or a set of rounded outcomes but is full of contradictory half-finished currents and projects: an ‘assemblage’ of many disparate advances and often directionless moves — almost an accidental coming together of elements. Thus, the book is about governance, law, and constitutional matters. these are discussed in the context of international corporate constitutional governance. So, the emphasis is upon how and why the business world, commercial relations, and particularly company activities have increasingly become subject to legal and constitutional forms of regulation and governance at the international level. The questions asked is how to characterize the process that has seen the international corporate sphere increasingly subject to juridical and constitutional-like regulatory initiatives and interventions. Does this amount to a new attempt to subject international commercial relations to the ‘rule by law’ and, indeed, to rule the world through these very means?
DAVID A. NADLER, michael l. tushman, and mark b. nadler
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195099171
- eISBN:
- 9780199854868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195099171.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
The Technical Division of Technicon experienced problems in coming up with new products. Examining this case would reveal that the company's key research scientists had experienced a great deal of ...
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The Technical Division of Technicon experienced problems in coming up with new products. Examining this case would reveal that the company's key research scientists had experienced a great deal of demoralization and had even resorted to working for the company's competitors. John Whitehead, then head of the Technical Division, had to learn, however, that finding solutions to such problems involves more than just restructuring the business organization without understanding its complexities. This chapter looks into the design decisions that managers have to face, concentrating particularly on design's role in the general organizational model. It also identifies design's fundamental elements, and which modes of designs are appropriate for various situations.Less
The Technical Division of Technicon experienced problems in coming up with new products. Examining this case would reveal that the company's key research scientists had experienced a great deal of demoralization and had even resorted to working for the company's competitors. John Whitehead, then head of the Technical Division, had to learn, however, that finding solutions to such problems involves more than just restructuring the business organization without understanding its complexities. This chapter looks into the design decisions that managers have to face, concentrating particularly on design's role in the general organizational model. It also identifies design's fundamental elements, and which modes of designs are appropriate for various situations.
Mihnea C. Moldoveanu and Roger L. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195340143
- eISBN:
- 9780199851775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340143.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
This chapter highlights and argues for a particular conception of the future high-value decision maker, embodying skills and characteristics that make him or her unique from the prototypes for ...
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This chapter highlights and argues for a particular conception of the future high-value decision maker, embodying skills and characteristics that make him or her unique from the prototypes for managerial success on which current versions of the MBA curriculum and design philosophy rest. It demonstrates why this high-value decision maker of the future will be in great demand and short supply given current trends in educational and selection technologies and programs. It also shows how the problems that the high-value decision maker must solve are likely the result of the current social and cultural context of business organizations.Less
This chapter highlights and argues for a particular conception of the future high-value decision maker, embodying skills and characteristics that make him or her unique from the prototypes for managerial success on which current versions of the MBA curriculum and design philosophy rest. It demonstrates why this high-value decision maker of the future will be in great demand and short supply given current trends in educational and selection technologies and programs. It also shows how the problems that the high-value decision maker must solve are likely the result of the current social and cultural context of business organizations.
V. Markham Lester
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205180
- eISBN:
- 9780191676536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205180.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Economic History
This chapter examines the Parliament's decision to abandon the creditor-managed system of bankruptcy administration in England in 1883. During this period, most of the reforms that extended the role ...
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This chapter examines the Parliament's decision to abandon the creditor-managed system of bankruptcy administration in England in 1883. During this period, most of the reforms that extended the role of government in the supervision of the bankruptcy system had widespread support and they were for the most part uncontroversial. In addition, the influence of business organizations opposing ‘officialism’ was not as great as it had been in 1869 because of the failure of the creditor-managed system that they had previously supported.Less
This chapter examines the Parliament's decision to abandon the creditor-managed system of bankruptcy administration in England in 1883. During this period, most of the reforms that extended the role of government in the supervision of the bankruptcy system had widespread support and they were for the most part uncontroversial. In addition, the influence of business organizations opposing ‘officialism’ was not as great as it had been in 1869 because of the failure of the creditor-managed system that they had previously supported.
John Child, David Faulkner, and Stephen B. Tallman
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199266241
- eISBN:
- 9780191699139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199266241.003.0019
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy, Organization Studies
Several benefits may possibly be derived from various efforts that further cooperation into mainstream management thinking. This final chapter summarizes the additional efforts that have to be made ...
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Several benefits may possibly be derived from various efforts that further cooperation into mainstream management thinking. This final chapter summarizes the additional efforts that have to be made in the future. The first of these involves focusing more on managing cooperation and how this can be developed into a mature condition since more attention has been given to the outcomes instead of the underlying processes. Through this, the chapter identifies means of utilizing the full potential of cooperation. The second requirement, on the other hand, entails considering the changes in the business environment and how cooperative strategies play a positive role in such situations through further examining the contribution of cooperation as a mode of business organization.Less
Several benefits may possibly be derived from various efforts that further cooperation into mainstream management thinking. This final chapter summarizes the additional efforts that have to be made in the future. The first of these involves focusing more on managing cooperation and how this can be developed into a mature condition since more attention has been given to the outcomes instead of the underlying processes. Through this, the chapter identifies means of utilizing the full potential of cooperation. The second requirement, on the other hand, entails considering the changes in the business environment and how cooperative strategies play a positive role in such situations through further examining the contribution of cooperation as a mode of business organization.
Stephen Zamora, José RamlÓN CossÍO, Lenone Pereznieto, José Roldá n-Xopa, and David Lopez
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199288489
- eISBN:
- 9780191700514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288489.003.0019
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter provides an overview of the general rules for incorporation and operation of business organizations in Mexico. It focuses on the most common form of business corporation in Mexico, the ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the general rules for incorporation and operation of business organizations in Mexico. It focuses on the most common form of business corporation in Mexico, the sociedad anónima, or registered stock corporation. It also explores the main characteristics of the sociedad de responsabilidad limitada (S. de R.L.), or ‘limited liability company’, which a growing number of foreign investors use to conduct business in Mexico. Finally, it discusses the formation of partnerships, which may be used as alternatives to the sociedad anónima in carrying out commercial activities.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the general rules for incorporation and operation of business organizations in Mexico. It focuses on the most common form of business corporation in Mexico, the sociedad anónima, or registered stock corporation. It also explores the main characteristics of the sociedad de responsabilidad limitada (S. de R.L.), or ‘limited liability company’, which a growing number of foreign investors use to conduct business in Mexico. Finally, it discusses the formation of partnerships, which may be used as alternatives to the sociedad anónima in carrying out commercial activities.
William J. Collins and Robert A. Margo
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226261621
- eISBN:
- 9780226261768
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226261768.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This book is a collection of seven original research papers by leading scholars of American economic history that were presented at a conference held at Vanderbilt University in December 2013 and ...
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This book is a collection of seven original research papers by leading scholars of American economic history that were presented at a conference held at Vanderbilt University in December 2013 and revised in light of suggestions from conference participants and outside reviewers. Sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research and Vanderbilt University, the conference was entitled, “Enterprising America: Businesses, Banks, and Credit Markets in Historical Perspective.” The principal themes of the book include changes in business organization and governance, bank behavior and credit markets, and scale economies in nineteenth-century production. The introductory chapter provides a discussion of the background context that motivated the conference, follows with a summary of each chapter, and concludes with a brief recapitulation of the main findings and suggestions for further research.Less
This book is a collection of seven original research papers by leading scholars of American economic history that were presented at a conference held at Vanderbilt University in December 2013 and revised in light of suggestions from conference participants and outside reviewers. Sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research and Vanderbilt University, the conference was entitled, “Enterprising America: Businesses, Banks, and Credit Markets in Historical Perspective.” The principal themes of the book include changes in business organization and governance, bank behavior and credit markets, and scale economies in nineteenth-century production. The introductory chapter provides a discussion of the background context that motivated the conference, follows with a summary of each chapter, and concludes with a brief recapitulation of the main findings and suggestions for further research.
Kevin Farnsworth
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861344748
- eISBN:
- 9781447301998
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861344748.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
This book has set out to investigate the importance of business to contemporary developments in social policy. This chapter presents the key developments of forms of influence, with a discussion of ...
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This book has set out to investigate the importance of business to contemporary developments in social policy. This chapter presents the key developments of forms of influence, with a discussion of their implications for present and future social policy. First, globalisation has increased corporate structural power and this, in turn, has had an impact on the capacity of the UK to formulate and deliver social policy. Second, globalisation has also increased both the capacity and reasons for business to organise internationally. Third, nationally organised business has become increasingly important to the shaping of social policy debate and delivery. Fourth, local business organisations and individual firms play an increasingly important role in the delivery of social provision. And last of all, business interest in and views on social policy are variable.Less
This book has set out to investigate the importance of business to contemporary developments in social policy. This chapter presents the key developments of forms of influence, with a discussion of their implications for present and future social policy. First, globalisation has increased corporate structural power and this, in turn, has had an impact on the capacity of the UK to formulate and deliver social policy. Second, globalisation has also increased both the capacity and reasons for business to organise internationally. Third, nationally organised business has become increasingly important to the shaping of social policy debate and delivery. Fourth, local business organisations and individual firms play an increasingly important role in the delivery of social provision. And last of all, business interest in and views on social policy are variable.
Sarah S. Elkind
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807834893
- eISBN:
- 9781469602707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807869116_elkind.5
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This book begins with a discussion of the local business organizations in American cities, which have enjoyed the greatest legitimacy and influence among all interest groups. Chambers of commerce, ...
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This book begins with a discussion of the local business organizations in American cities, which have enjoyed the greatest legitimacy and influence among all interest groups. Chambers of commerce, merchants and manufacturers organizations, realty boards, and a myriad of smaller organizations made up of prominent business leaders have enjoyed political influence out of proportion to their numbers or economic importance. In fact, these groups enjoyed such political legitimacy during the mid-twentieth century that they were rarely described as special interests at all. The central question of the book is how this type of organization secured its special status in local politics and how that status was transcribed into national politics in the second quarter of the twentieth century.Less
This book begins with a discussion of the local business organizations in American cities, which have enjoyed the greatest legitimacy and influence among all interest groups. Chambers of commerce, merchants and manufacturers organizations, realty boards, and a myriad of smaller organizations made up of prominent business leaders have enjoyed political influence out of proportion to their numbers or economic importance. In fact, these groups enjoyed such political legitimacy during the mid-twentieth century that they were rarely described as special interests at all. The central question of the book is how this type of organization secured its special status in local politics and how that status was transcribed into national politics in the second quarter of the twentieth century.
David J. Hess
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262012645
- eISBN:
- 9780262255486
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012645.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
The internationalization of economies and other changes that accompany globalization have brought about a paradoxical reemergence of the local. A significant but largely unstudied aspect of new ...
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The internationalization of economies and other changes that accompany globalization have brought about a paradoxical reemergence of the local. A significant but largely unstudied aspect of new local-global relationships is the growth of “localist movements,” efforts to reclaim economic and political sovereignty for metropolitan and other subnational regions. This book offers an overview of localism in the United States and assesses its potential to address pressing global problems of social justice and environmental sustainability. Since the 1990s, more than 100 local business organizations have formed in the United States, and there are growing efforts to build local ownership in the retail, food, energy, transportation, and media industries. This social science study of localism adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines theoretical reflection, empirical research, and policy analysis. The book's perspective is not that from an uncritical localist advocate; it draws on new empirical research to assess the extent to which localist policies can address sustainability and justice issues. After a theoretical discussion of sustainability, the global corporate economy, and economic development, it looks at four specific forms of localism: “buy local” campaigns; urban agriculture; local ownership of electricity and transportation; and alternative and community media. The book examines “global localism”—transnational local-to-local supply chains—and other economic policies and financial instruments that would create an alternative economic structure. Localism is not a panacea for globalization, it concludes, but a crucial ingredient in projects to build more democratic, just, and sustainable politics.Less
The internationalization of economies and other changes that accompany globalization have brought about a paradoxical reemergence of the local. A significant but largely unstudied aspect of new local-global relationships is the growth of “localist movements,” efforts to reclaim economic and political sovereignty for metropolitan and other subnational regions. This book offers an overview of localism in the United States and assesses its potential to address pressing global problems of social justice and environmental sustainability. Since the 1990s, more than 100 local business organizations have formed in the United States, and there are growing efforts to build local ownership in the retail, food, energy, transportation, and media industries. This social science study of localism adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines theoretical reflection, empirical research, and policy analysis. The book's perspective is not that from an uncritical localist advocate; it draws on new empirical research to assess the extent to which localist policies can address sustainability and justice issues. After a theoretical discussion of sustainability, the global corporate economy, and economic development, it looks at four specific forms of localism: “buy local” campaigns; urban agriculture; local ownership of electricity and transportation; and alternative and community media. The book examines “global localism”—transnational local-to-local supply chains—and other economic policies and financial instruments that would create an alternative economic structure. Localism is not a panacea for globalization, it concludes, but a crucial ingredient in projects to build more democratic, just, and sustainable politics.
Paolo Dardanelli
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719070808
- eISBN:
- 9781781701393
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719070808.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter is concerned with interest groups, which were the other key elite actors who played a crucial role in the politics of self-government. It shows that some of these groups had a historical ...
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This chapter is concerned with interest groups, which were the other key elite actors who played a crucial role in the politics of self-government. It shows that some of these groups had a historical presence within Scottish society and/or a large membership, which gave them a degree of representativeness in ‘interpreting’ public opinion, and in turn allowed them to make it superior to that of political parties. It analyses the key groups of the Church of Scotland, the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) and the business organisations. It studies their policy on self-government, the perception they had of the European Union (EU)—in general and in relation to their position on Scottish self-government in particular—and whether they used the European dimension in their strategies. This chapter concludes that each of the three interest groups had a different pattern of attitudes towards the EU and devolution.Less
This chapter is concerned with interest groups, which were the other key elite actors who played a crucial role in the politics of self-government. It shows that some of these groups had a historical presence within Scottish society and/or a large membership, which gave them a degree of representativeness in ‘interpreting’ public opinion, and in turn allowed them to make it superior to that of political parties. It analyses the key groups of the Church of Scotland, the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) and the business organisations. It studies their policy on self-government, the perception they had of the European Union (EU)—in general and in relation to their position on Scottish self-government in particular—and whether they used the European dimension in their strategies. This chapter concludes that each of the three interest groups had a different pattern of attitudes towards the EU and devolution.
Geoff Moore
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198793441
- eISBN:
- 9780191835261
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198793441.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This chapter is the first of two which provide a summary of, and draw lessons from, the academic work which has been conducted using the framework which Alasdair MacIntyre’s work provides. It focuses ...
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This chapter is the first of two which provide a summary of, and draw lessons from, the academic work which has been conducted using the framework which Alasdair MacIntyre’s work provides. It focuses on business organizations. It is thematic in its approach considering first whether anything and everything can be considered to be a practice; exploring two particular practices—accounting and open source software—to see what we may learn from them; revisiting the idea of organizational purpose and the virtuous organizational mapping; considering the role of organizational members in promoting virtuous organizations; and exploring the need for a conducive mode of institutionalization, and also a conducive environment, if virtuous organizations are to thrive. In doing so, it illustrates these themes by considering practical applications in investment advising, human resource management, banking, health and beauty retailing, pharmaceuticals, garment manufacturing, Fair Trade, and car manufacturing.Less
This chapter is the first of two which provide a summary of, and draw lessons from, the academic work which has been conducted using the framework which Alasdair MacIntyre’s work provides. It focuses on business organizations. It is thematic in its approach considering first whether anything and everything can be considered to be a practice; exploring two particular practices—accounting and open source software—to see what we may learn from them; revisiting the idea of organizational purpose and the virtuous organizational mapping; considering the role of organizational members in promoting virtuous organizations; and exploring the need for a conducive mode of institutionalization, and also a conducive environment, if virtuous organizations are to thrive. In doing so, it illustrates these themes by considering practical applications in investment advising, human resource management, banking, health and beauty retailing, pharmaceuticals, garment manufacturing, Fair Trade, and car manufacturing.
