Jessica F. Green
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157580
- eISBN:
- 9781400848669
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157580.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter examines a case of entrepreneurial authority in the climate change regime: the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The protocol is a set of accounting standards to measure and report greenhouse gas ...
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This chapter examines a case of entrepreneurial authority in the climate change regime: the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The protocol is a set of accounting standards to measure and report greenhouse gas emissions created by individual firms. These standards were created by two nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD), and have subsequently become one of the most widely accepted accounting methodologies for measuring and reporting emissions. The chapter explains how these NGOs were able to insert themselves into the policy process while the United States and European Union were arguing about an appropriate role for emissions trading. In particular, it considers the success of WRI and WBCSD in creating the de facto standard for GHG emissions accounting at the firm (or “corporate”) level.Less
This chapter examines a case of entrepreneurial authority in the climate change regime: the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The protocol is a set of accounting standards to measure and report greenhouse gas emissions created by individual firms. These standards were created by two nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD), and have subsequently become one of the most widely accepted accounting methodologies for measuring and reporting emissions. The chapter explains how these NGOs were able to insert themselves into the policy process while the United States and European Union were arguing about an appropriate role for emissions trading. In particular, it considers the success of WRI and WBCSD in creating the de facto standard for GHG emissions accounting at the firm (or “corporate”) level.
Michael B. Boston
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034737
- eISBN:
- 9780813038193
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034737.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This book offers a radical departure from other interpretations of Booker T. Washington by focusing on his business ideas and practices. More specifically, the book examines Washington as an ...
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This book offers a radical departure from other interpretations of Booker T. Washington by focusing on his business ideas and practices. More specifically, the book examines Washington as an entrepreneur, spelling out his business philosophy at great length and discussing the influence it had on black America. It analyzes the national and regional economies in which Washington worked and focuses on his advocacy of black business development as the key to economic uplift for African Americans. The result is a revisionist book that responds to the skewed literature on Washington, even as it offers a new framework for understanding him. Based upon a deep reading of the Tuskegee archives, the book acknowledges Washington not only as a champion of black business development but one who conceived and implemented successful strategies to promote it as well.Less
This book offers a radical departure from other interpretations of Booker T. Washington by focusing on his business ideas and practices. More specifically, the book examines Washington as an entrepreneur, spelling out his business philosophy at great length and discussing the influence it had on black America. It analyzes the national and regional economies in which Washington worked and focuses on his advocacy of black business development as the key to economic uplift for African Americans. The result is a revisionist book that responds to the skewed literature on Washington, even as it offers a new framework for understanding him. Based upon a deep reading of the Tuskegee archives, the book acknowledges Washington not only as a champion of black business development but one who conceived and implemented successful strategies to promote it as well.
Harold James
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153407
- eISBN:
- 9781400841868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153407.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter sketches a portrait of Alfred Krupp. It describes how Alfred Krupp perfectly fits the mold of the heroic entrepreneur. Profoundly skeptical of joint-stock companies, banks, and ...
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This chapter sketches a portrait of Alfred Krupp. It describes how Alfred Krupp perfectly fits the mold of the heroic entrepreneur. Profoundly skeptical of joint-stock companies, banks, and capitalism in general, but also of big-scale science and modern research methods, he was a genius at extending to its utmost limits the possibilities of the craft entrepreneur. He developed an extraordinarily successful business model that allowed the principles of the small workshop to be extended on a gigantic and global scale. Moreover, the chapter credits him with a social philosophy which eventually created a community of Kruppianer, workers bound to the enterprise and the community by pride in the product of their labor.Less
This chapter sketches a portrait of Alfred Krupp. It describes how Alfred Krupp perfectly fits the mold of the heroic entrepreneur. Profoundly skeptical of joint-stock companies, banks, and capitalism in general, but also of big-scale science and modern research methods, he was a genius at extending to its utmost limits the possibilities of the craft entrepreneur. He developed an extraordinarily successful business model that allowed the principles of the small workshop to be extended on a gigantic and global scale. Moreover, the chapter credits him with a social philosophy which eventually created a community of Kruppianer, workers bound to the enterprise and the community by pride in the product of their labor.
Marc H. Meyer
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195180862
- eISBN:
- 9780199851270
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195180862.003.0014
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
The management framework and the templates that operationalize it are no more than a mental concept that, no matter how intellectually appealing, is totally useless until an individual with personal ...
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The management framework and the templates that operationalize it are no more than a mental concept that, no matter how intellectually appealing, is totally useless until an individual with personal drive and organizational skill pulls together a capable team and implements it. After selecting its innovation and business development target, the Board must pick a project leader and then help build a winning team around that individual. Executives should know that their choice of team leader will make or break the effort, no matter how attractive the business and market opportunity. The debate regarding who should lead enterprise growth often leads to a conventional discussion of background and affiliations. One should be skeptical of formulas that dictate the characteristics of effective leaders, particularly when novel and integrative applications of company technologies are involved. This chapter presents and examines four key traits team leaders should have in common.Less
The management framework and the templates that operationalize it are no more than a mental concept that, no matter how intellectually appealing, is totally useless until an individual with personal drive and organizational skill pulls together a capable team and implements it. After selecting its innovation and business development target, the Board must pick a project leader and then help build a winning team around that individual. Executives should know that their choice of team leader will make or break the effort, no matter how attractive the business and market opportunity. The debate regarding who should lead enterprise growth often leads to a conventional discussion of background and affiliations. One should be skeptical of formulas that dictate the characteristics of effective leaders, particularly when novel and integrative applications of company technologies are involved. This chapter presents and examines four key traits team leaders should have in common.
Timothy Bates
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300095418
- eISBN:
- 9780300129847
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300095418.003.0035
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter critically examines the minority business development programs, arguing that their strategy of geographic targeting—aid flows into low-income, inner-city minority communities—is ...
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This chapter critically examines the minority business development programs, arguing that their strategy of geographic targeting—aid flows into low-income, inner-city minority communities—is ineffective. The next program, the Specialized Small Business Investment Company (SSBIC) program is also examined in detail and also found to be largely ineffective.Less
This chapter critically examines the minority business development programs, arguing that their strategy of geographic targeting—aid flows into low-income, inner-city minority communities—is ineffective. The next program, the Specialized Small Business Investment Company (SSBIC) program is also examined in detail and also found to be largely ineffective.
Karl F. Seidman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199945511
- eISBN:
- 9780199333189
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945511.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
At New Orleans’ eastern edge, Vietnamese refugees settled and built a community in the Village de L’Est neighborhood. This chapter explains how this tight- knit community rebuilt after Katrina with ...
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At New Orleans’ eastern edge, Vietnamese refugees settled and built a community in the Village de L’Est neighborhood. This chapter explains how this tight- knit community rebuilt after Katrina with the strong leadership of its Catholic priest. It details efforts to help homeowners and businesses rebuild while fighting to close an adjacent landfill. Aided by the national Vietnamese-American community and other partners, the church formed a community development corporation to assist businesses and residents and pursue development projects. Despite difficulties completing real estate projects, grassroots rebuilding contributed to a high rate of homeowner recovery, the return and expansion of local businesses, a new charter school and two new health clinics. However, repopulation rates for renters and black households were low and many blighted properties remained. Greater political and civic capacity emerged from recovery efforts, including a new wave of young leaders committed to the community’s development.Less
At New Orleans’ eastern edge, Vietnamese refugees settled and built a community in the Village de L’Est neighborhood. This chapter explains how this tight- knit community rebuilt after Katrina with the strong leadership of its Catholic priest. It details efforts to help homeowners and businesses rebuild while fighting to close an adjacent landfill. Aided by the national Vietnamese-American community and other partners, the church formed a community development corporation to assist businesses and residents and pursue development projects. Despite difficulties completing real estate projects, grassroots rebuilding contributed to a high rate of homeowner recovery, the return and expansion of local businesses, a new charter school and two new health clinics. However, repopulation rates for renters and black households were low and many blighted properties remained. Greater political and civic capacity emerged from recovery efforts, including a new wave of young leaders committed to the community’s development.
Clower Terry
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345462
- eISBN:
- 9781447302025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345462.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter discusses the history of local and regional economic development (LRED) in the United States. It describes the institutional structure, effectiveness, and objectives and activities of ...
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This chapter discusses the history of local and regional economic development (LRED) in the United States. It describes the institutional structure, effectiveness, and objectives and activities of LRED in the U.S. The American LRED agencies are characterised by a small staff and rely largely on paid professionals to run their operations, and the most frequently cited core objectives of U.S. LRED organisations remain in traditional areas of economic growth through business development and attraction.Less
This chapter discusses the history of local and regional economic development (LRED) in the United States. It describes the institutional structure, effectiveness, and objectives and activities of LRED in the U.S. The American LRED agencies are characterised by a small staff and rely largely on paid professionals to run their operations, and the most frequently cited core objectives of U.S. LRED organisations remain in traditional areas of economic growth through business development and attraction.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231150897
- eISBN:
- 9780231521789
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231150897.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter examines the implications for community social work practice from two perspectives: how community social workers can assist in the creation and support of racial and ethnic small ...
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This chapter examines the implications for community social work practice from two perspectives: how community social workers can assist in the creation and support of racial and ethnic small businesses; and how community social workers can benefit from developing relationships with ethnic and racial small businesses in creating conditions to facilitate community social, economic, and cultural development. Social workers must possess a keen understanding of what motivates someone to enter the world of small business development. The decision to enter this arena is influenced by motivation and experience: “Starting a business is a process requiring a great deal of self-awareness and conscious work on the self. To become self-employed means that the individual departs from the established model of the ‘normal’ work relationship of salaried work and enters a work field in which he/she is not only responsible for the creative and conscious development of new, everyday routines, but also takes on the burden of responsibility for the maintenance of the job itself.”Less
This chapter examines the implications for community social work practice from two perspectives: how community social workers can assist in the creation and support of racial and ethnic small businesses; and how community social workers can benefit from developing relationships with ethnic and racial small businesses in creating conditions to facilitate community social, economic, and cultural development. Social workers must possess a keen understanding of what motivates someone to enter the world of small business development. The decision to enter this arena is influenced by motivation and experience: “Starting a business is a process requiring a great deal of self-awareness and conscious work on the self. To become self-employed means that the individual departs from the established model of the ‘normal’ work relationship of salaried work and enters a work field in which he/she is not only responsible for the creative and conscious development of new, everyday routines, but also takes on the burden of responsibility for the maintenance of the job itself.”
Christopher Robert Reed
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252036231
- eISBN:
- 9780252093173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252036231.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter examines black business activities in Chicago in the 1920s. Robert S. Abbott, Jesse Binga, and Anthony Overton dominated the business activities of the Black Metropolis with their ...
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This chapter examines black business activities in Chicago in the 1920s. Robert S. Abbott, Jesse Binga, and Anthony Overton dominated the business activities of the Black Metropolis with their control over finance and information like no others in their community and very much like the business titans found throughout other major Chicago economic enclaves. Business was national king at this time and their collective presence provided a significant part of the foundation of making the Black Metropolis a reality. The economic influence of the 1920s built to such a crescendo that other interests and activities were virtually submerged to it as an epicenter. In fact, one internal memorandum of the NAACP concluded the following: “There are so many diversified interests in Chicago that the N.A.A.C.P. really suffers greatly from indifference on the part of the people.” These diversified interests were related to economics and the emergence of a consumers'society—working for extra money from which to increase spending and buying; spending for recreation and leisure rather than just for necessity; buying property, automobiles, and the new technological devices such as the refrigerator and record player; and investing in oil exploration, stocks, bonds, and real estate.Less
This chapter examines black business activities in Chicago in the 1920s. Robert S. Abbott, Jesse Binga, and Anthony Overton dominated the business activities of the Black Metropolis with their control over finance and information like no others in their community and very much like the business titans found throughout other major Chicago economic enclaves. Business was national king at this time and their collective presence provided a significant part of the foundation of making the Black Metropolis a reality. The economic influence of the 1920s built to such a crescendo that other interests and activities were virtually submerged to it as an epicenter. In fact, one internal memorandum of the NAACP concluded the following: “There are so many diversified interests in Chicago that the N.A.A.C.P. really suffers greatly from indifference on the part of the people.” These diversified interests were related to economics and the emergence of a consumers'society—working for extra money from which to increase spending and buying; spending for recreation and leisure rather than just for necessity; buying property, automobiles, and the new technological devices such as the refrigerator and record player; and investing in oil exploration, stocks, bonds, and real estate.
Guian A. McKee
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226560120
- eISBN:
- 9780226560144
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226560144.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Contesting claims that postwar American liberalism retreated from fights against unemployment and economic inequality, this book reveals that such efforts did not collapse after the New Deal but ...
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Contesting claims that postwar American liberalism retreated from fights against unemployment and economic inequality, this book reveals that such efforts did not collapse after the New Deal but instead began to flourish at the local, rather than the national, level. With a focus on Philadelphia, it illuminates the central role of these local political and policy struggles in shaping the fortunes of city and citizen alike. In the process, the book tells the remarkable story of how Philadelphia's policymakers and community activists energetically worked to challenge deindustrialization through an innovative series of job-retention initiatives, training programs, inner-city business development projects, and early affirmative action programs. Without ignoring the failure of Philadelphians to combat institutionalized racism, the account of their surprising success draws a portrait of American liberalism that evinces a potency not usually associated with the postwar era. Ultimately interpreting economic decline as an arena for intervention rather than a historical inevitability, the book serves as a reminder of policy's potential to combat injustice.Less
Contesting claims that postwar American liberalism retreated from fights against unemployment and economic inequality, this book reveals that such efforts did not collapse after the New Deal but instead began to flourish at the local, rather than the national, level. With a focus on Philadelphia, it illuminates the central role of these local political and policy struggles in shaping the fortunes of city and citizen alike. In the process, the book tells the remarkable story of how Philadelphia's policymakers and community activists energetically worked to challenge deindustrialization through an innovative series of job-retention initiatives, training programs, inner-city business development projects, and early affirmative action programs. Without ignoring the failure of Philadelphians to combat institutionalized racism, the account of their surprising success draws a portrait of American liberalism that evinces a potency not usually associated with the postwar era. Ultimately interpreting economic decline as an arena for intervention rather than a historical inevitability, the book serves as a reminder of policy's potential to combat injustice.
Marina Welker
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520282308
- eISBN:
- 9780520957954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520282308.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter examines how Batu Hijau's community programs have worked to foster and channel—as well as to suppress—patronage dynamics. It also develops a view of local residents as actors engaged ...
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This chapter examines how Batu Hijau's community programs have worked to foster and channel—as well as to suppress—patronage dynamics. It also develops a view of local residents as actors engaged with (and not simply acted upon by) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) business development initiatives. Their perspectives on what the corporation is and what it owes them shape Newmont's community development plans and programs, creating flows of money, materials, ideas, and persons across mine boundaries. These flows and dynamics are constitutive of rather than marginal to everyday mine operations. They challenge us to make sense of how corporate managers variously claim integration with, distance from, and control over their trading partners—to understand how and why they essay rhetorically and materially to gather them in and hold them at a distance.Less
This chapter examines how Batu Hijau's community programs have worked to foster and channel—as well as to suppress—patronage dynamics. It also develops a view of local residents as actors engaged with (and not simply acted upon by) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) business development initiatives. Their perspectives on what the corporation is and what it owes them shape Newmont's community development plans and programs, creating flows of money, materials, ideas, and persons across mine boundaries. These flows and dynamics are constitutive of rather than marginal to everyday mine operations. They challenge us to make sense of how corporate managers variously claim integration with, distance from, and control over their trading partners—to understand how and why they essay rhetorically and materially to gather them in and hold them at a distance.
Robert F. Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781604732078
- eISBN:
- 9781604732177
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781604732078.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sport and Leisure
This chapter talks about how MLB evolved from being a sport into being a business, wherein like all business MLB sought cheap resources in the form of players. The difference between the business of ...
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This chapter talks about how MLB evolved from being a sport into being a business, wherein like all business MLB sought cheap resources in the form of players. The difference between the business of baseball and other businesses, however, is that the player is both the labor as well as the raw material And as a combined labor/material resource, a player group is subject to neocolonial appropriation in baseball as in other “manufacturing” processes. This chapter thus extensively discusses the paradigms and methods through which MLB would employ strategies that were fundamentally business decisions in order to secure cheap player talent and raise profits. Removing the color barrier in 1947, for example, was profitable, and MLB’s strategy and tactics mirror America’s social and business development and reflect an increasing emphasis on exploiting the sport as a profitable business.Less
This chapter talks about how MLB evolved from being a sport into being a business, wherein like all business MLB sought cheap resources in the form of players. The difference between the business of baseball and other businesses, however, is that the player is both the labor as well as the raw material And as a combined labor/material resource, a player group is subject to neocolonial appropriation in baseball as in other “manufacturing” processes. This chapter thus extensively discusses the paradigms and methods through which MLB would employ strategies that were fundamentally business decisions in order to secure cheap player talent and raise profits. Removing the color barrier in 1947, for example, was profitable, and MLB’s strategy and tactics mirror America’s social and business development and reflect an increasing emphasis on exploiting the sport as a profitable business.
Graeme Salaman and John Storeym
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198782827
- eISBN:
- 9780191825996
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198782827.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Business History
This chapter and the next describe and assess the happenings and development of the two main JLP divisions—John Lewis and Waitrose—over a twenty-five year period (1990–2015). Chapter 4 focuses on the ...
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This chapter and the next describe and assess the happenings and development of the two main JLP divisions—John Lewis and Waitrose—over a twenty-five year period (1990–2015). Chapter 4 focuses on the years 1990–2009. It draws out the nature and the operation of the principles of the JLP in practice by examining leadership and management of the Partnership businesses over the period in detail. During this period, the Partnership had to cope with renewal, growth, recession and redundancy, diversification, intense commercial competition in the marketplace, the online revolution in retail, calls for and experiments in international expansion, and collaboration with commercial partners—just some of the many significant challenges. The ways in which these threats and opportunities were handled reveal the nature of the Partnership in practice.Less
This chapter and the next describe and assess the happenings and development of the two main JLP divisions—John Lewis and Waitrose—over a twenty-five year period (1990–2015). Chapter 4 focuses on the years 1990–2009. It draws out the nature and the operation of the principles of the JLP in practice by examining leadership and management of the Partnership businesses over the period in detail. During this period, the Partnership had to cope with renewal, growth, recession and redundancy, diversification, intense commercial competition in the marketplace, the online revolution in retail, calls for and experiments in international expansion, and collaboration with commercial partners—just some of the many significant challenges. The ways in which these threats and opportunities were handled reveal the nature of the Partnership in practice.
Morgan Chawawa and Wapula Raditloaneng
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780719091629
- eISBN:
- 9781781707746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091629.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education
The San community in D’Kar and surrounding villages has developed a Community Based Planning Programme focused on a community farm. The San are a population who has a history of marginalization and ...
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The San community in D’Kar and surrounding villages has developed a Community Based Planning Programme focused on a community farm. The San are a population who has a history of marginalization and poverty within Botswana. The farm serves as a community organizer as well as food source and is administered by the San women. The program highlighted in this case study was developed to build leadership systems and capabilities for the women of the village while developing sustainable business opportunities for economic transformation. The tension between addressing issues of sustainability and business development are discussed.Less
The San community in D’Kar and surrounding villages has developed a Community Based Planning Programme focused on a community farm. The San are a population who has a history of marginalization and poverty within Botswana. The farm serves as a community organizer as well as food source and is administered by the San women. The program highlighted in this case study was developed to build leadership systems and capabilities for the women of the village while developing sustainable business opportunities for economic transformation. The tension between addressing issues of sustainability and business development are discussed.
Daniel M.G. Raff and Philip Scranton (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198787761
- eISBN:
- 9780191829857
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198787761.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This book is a collection of essays about the emergence of routines and, more generally, about getting things organized in firms and in industries in early stages and in transition. These are ...
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This book is a collection of essays about the emergence of routines and, more generally, about getting things organized in firms and in industries in early stages and in transition. These are subjects of the greatest interest to students of entrepreneurship and organizations, as well as to business historians, but the academic literature is in fact thin. The chronological settings of the book’s eleven substantive chapters are historical (unlike the breaking-news style of Harvard Business School case studies), reaching as far back as the late 1800s and as far forward as the 1990s, but the issues they raise are evergreen and the historical perspective is exploited to advantage. The chapters are organized in three broad groups: one examining the emergence of order and routines in initiatives, one studying the same subject in ongoing operations, and a third focusing specifically on phenomena of transition. Their subjects range from the Book-of-the-Month Club to industrial research at Alcoa, from the evolution of procurement and related coordination practices at the Ford Motor Company as it settled into mature mass production to project-based industries such as bridge and dam building and the governance of defense contracting, and from the development of project performance appraisal at the World Bank to the way the global automobile industry collectively redesigned the internal combustion engine to deal with environmental regulation. The chapters are vivid and thought provoking in themselves and, for pedagogical purposes, offer excellent jumping-off points for discussion of relevant experiences and cognate academic literature.Less
This book is a collection of essays about the emergence of routines and, more generally, about getting things organized in firms and in industries in early stages and in transition. These are subjects of the greatest interest to students of entrepreneurship and organizations, as well as to business historians, but the academic literature is in fact thin. The chronological settings of the book’s eleven substantive chapters are historical (unlike the breaking-news style of Harvard Business School case studies), reaching as far back as the late 1800s and as far forward as the 1990s, but the issues they raise are evergreen and the historical perspective is exploited to advantage. The chapters are organized in three broad groups: one examining the emergence of order and routines in initiatives, one studying the same subject in ongoing operations, and a third focusing specifically on phenomena of transition. Their subjects range from the Book-of-the-Month Club to industrial research at Alcoa, from the evolution of procurement and related coordination practices at the Ford Motor Company as it settled into mature mass production to project-based industries such as bridge and dam building and the governance of defense contracting, and from the development of project performance appraisal at the World Bank to the way the global automobile industry collectively redesigned the internal combustion engine to deal with environmental regulation. The chapters are vivid and thought provoking in themselves and, for pedagogical purposes, offer excellent jumping-off points for discussion of relevant experiences and cognate academic literature.
Alison J. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190457938
- eISBN:
- 9780190457945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190457938.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter describes the for-profit evaluation consulting setting, including organizational structure, position responsibilities, and funding and project types. Generation of new business is the ...
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This chapter describes the for-profit evaluation consulting setting, including organizational structure, position responsibilities, and funding and project types. Generation of new business is the lifeblood of for-profit consulting firms, and the chapter overviews the business development process, including individual staff members’ responsibilities. Essential skills for working in this setting also are discussed. This chapter concludes with some of the benefits and challenges for a community psychologist working in this setting. Finally, the appendix contains a list of questions to ask when pursuing employment in a for-profit evaluation consulting setting.Less
This chapter describes the for-profit evaluation consulting setting, including organizational structure, position responsibilities, and funding and project types. Generation of new business is the lifeblood of for-profit consulting firms, and the chapter overviews the business development process, including individual staff members’ responsibilities. Essential skills for working in this setting also are discussed. This chapter concludes with some of the benefits and challenges for a community psychologist working in this setting. Finally, the appendix contains a list of questions to ask when pursuing employment in a for-profit evaluation consulting setting.
Linda Yueh
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- April 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199205837
- eISBN:
- 9780191806674
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199205837.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
China has undergone a remarkable transition over the past thirty years from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented one. The transformation of business in China has been correspondingly ...
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China has undergone a remarkable transition over the past thirty years from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented one. The transformation of business in China has been correspondingly evident. This book gives an interdisciplinary analysis of the evolution of business development in China and the ‘marketization’ of industry during this period within a complex framework of legal, political, and economic reform aims. The book includes case studies to provide industry-specific analysis of the overarching macroeconomic and legal developments. It examines both domestic enterprise reform in China and the evolving treatment of foreign firms in the context of both corporate laws and economic policies, and how business is likely to evolve as economic and legal reforms rapidly increase during the twenty-first century, notably with regard to China's increasing global integration.Less
China has undergone a remarkable transition over the past thirty years from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented one. The transformation of business in China has been correspondingly evident. This book gives an interdisciplinary analysis of the evolution of business development in China and the ‘marketization’ of industry during this period within a complex framework of legal, political, and economic reform aims. The book includes case studies to provide industry-specific analysis of the overarching macroeconomic and legal developments. It examines both domestic enterprise reform in China and the evolving treatment of foreign firms in the context of both corporate laws and economic policies, and how business is likely to evolve as economic and legal reforms rapidly increase during the twenty-first century, notably with regard to China's increasing global integration.
Robin Miller and Fergus Lyon
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447322399
- eISBN:
- 9781447322405
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447322399.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
By their very nature social enterprises can be interpreted as hybrid organisations, as they seek to combine the independence from government and social mission traditionally connected with the third ...
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By their very nature social enterprises can be interpreted as hybrid organisations, as they seek to combine the independence from government and social mission traditionally connected with the third sector, with business principles developed within the private sector. Successive governments have sought to promote this hybrid form of third sector organisation, through extolling their virtues to commissioners and encouraging public sector workers to ‘spin-out’ core public services into social enterprise mutuals. Central government enablers have included dedicated funding, business development support, and mentoring schemes for future leaders. The chapter considers the contexts, motivations and assumptions behind recent policy interests related to social enterprise in general and spinning out in particular, and reviews current evidence regarding their impact in practice.Less
By their very nature social enterprises can be interpreted as hybrid organisations, as they seek to combine the independence from government and social mission traditionally connected with the third sector, with business principles developed within the private sector. Successive governments have sought to promote this hybrid form of third sector organisation, through extolling their virtues to commissioners and encouraging public sector workers to ‘spin-out’ core public services into social enterprise mutuals. Central government enablers have included dedicated funding, business development support, and mentoring schemes for future leaders. The chapter considers the contexts, motivations and assumptions behind recent policy interests related to social enterprise in general and spinning out in particular, and reviews current evidence regarding their impact in practice.
Robin Pearson
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198754916
- eISBN:
- 9780191816406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198754916.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Finance, Accounting, and Banking, International Business
Chapter 3 provides a historical overview of the reinsurance market and business development since its earliest days. It covers not only dedicated reinsurers but also other market participants, such ...
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Chapter 3 provides a historical overview of the reinsurance market and business development since its earliest days. It covers not only dedicated reinsurers but also other market participants, such as brokers and first insurers’ risk sharing through co-insurance. Between 1860 and the Second World War, reinsurance is shown to have grown from being an infant service to large multinational insurance companies, into adulthood as a specialist industry in its own right. This period, also called the ‘golden age’ of reinsurance, witnessed the formation of modern reinsurance practice and the development by the professional reinsurance companies of a global network of treaty partnerships with cedent companies. A final section outlines major trends since 1945.Less
Chapter 3 provides a historical overview of the reinsurance market and business development since its earliest days. It covers not only dedicated reinsurers but also other market participants, such as brokers and first insurers’ risk sharing through co-insurance. Between 1860 and the Second World War, reinsurance is shown to have grown from being an infant service to large multinational insurance companies, into adulthood as a specialist industry in its own right. This period, also called the ‘golden age’ of reinsurance, witnessed the formation of modern reinsurance practice and the development by the professional reinsurance companies of a global network of treaty partnerships with cedent companies. A final section outlines major trends since 1945.
William F. Tate
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- December 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190862305
- eISBN:
- 9780190862336
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190862305.003.0011
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Communities and Organizations
Social policies seeking to ameliorate racial and economic segregation stem in part from the adverse disparities associated with the alternatives—limited income mobility, intractable concentrated ...
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Social policies seeking to ameliorate racial and economic segregation stem in part from the adverse disparities associated with the alternatives—limited income mobility, intractable concentrated poverty, negative health outcomes, constrained access to quality housing, and poor social services—which generate a cycle of economic inequalities and more segregation. Many social scientists have argued that high-quality educational opportunities for students experiencing segregation are linked to better life-course outcomes. Education could thus be viewed as a potential intervention to address segregation. This chapter argues that the predominant approach to educational reform is analogous to triage in medicine. The effects of triage policy have been anemic. Its failure is reinforcing segregation. Instead, we need to develop a different approach to education and youth development, an approach that takes an intergenerational perspective on education achievement, attainment, and youth development in our nation’s most segregated communities. Examples are provided.Less
Social policies seeking to ameliorate racial and economic segregation stem in part from the adverse disparities associated with the alternatives—limited income mobility, intractable concentrated poverty, negative health outcomes, constrained access to quality housing, and poor social services—which generate a cycle of economic inequalities and more segregation. Many social scientists have argued that high-quality educational opportunities for students experiencing segregation are linked to better life-course outcomes. Education could thus be viewed as a potential intervention to address segregation. This chapter argues that the predominant approach to educational reform is analogous to triage in medicine. The effects of triage policy have been anemic. Its failure is reinforcing segregation. Instead, we need to develop a different approach to education and youth development, an approach that takes an intergenerational perspective on education achievement, attainment, and youth development in our nation’s most segregated communities. Examples are provided.