Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0027
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses the importance for medical professionals working with the terminally to know their boundaries and know what is theirs and what is not. It describes the author's experience in ...
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This chapter discusses the importance for medical professionals working with the terminally to know their boundaries and know what is theirs and what is not. It describes the author's experience in an interview with a physician who had treated children with infectious diseases and who claimed to have treated his patients like his own children and have been affected by their death. The chapter explains that knowing “what is yours” and “what is not” is important in effectively helping a bereaved person, and that it also protects the professional from burnout.Less
This chapter discusses the importance for medical professionals working with the terminally to know their boundaries and know what is theirs and what is not. It describes the author's experience in an interview with a physician who had treated children with infectious diseases and who claimed to have treated his patients like his own children and have been affected by their death. The chapter explains that knowing “what is yours” and “what is not” is important in effectively helping a bereaved person, and that it also protects the professional from burnout.
Michael S. Kelly, Johnny S. Kim, and Cynthia Franklin
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195366297
- eISBN:
- 9780199864010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195366297.003.0004
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Savvy school social workers have long known that one of their primary client populations in their schools is that of their teacher colleagues. The WOWW program is a teacher coaching intervention that ...
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Savvy school social workers have long known that one of their primary client populations in their schools is that of their teacher colleagues. The WOWW program is a teacher coaching intervention that helps school social workers target their interventions at a classroom level with the teacher and her classroom as the “client.” The intervention has shown some initial positive outcomes in pilot studies, and hopefully there will be larger-scale WOWW studies in the coming years on WOWW's impacts on teacher classroom management styles, teacher burnout, and student variables like academic achievement and attendance. With the ever-increasing pressure on both teachers and students to be productive, it is hoped that school social workers need to be using classroom interventions such as WOWW to identify the strengths of classrooms and help both teachers and students work together more effectively.Less
Savvy school social workers have long known that one of their primary client populations in their schools is that of their teacher colleagues. The WOWW program is a teacher coaching intervention that helps school social workers target their interventions at a classroom level with the teacher and her classroom as the “client.” The intervention has shown some initial positive outcomes in pilot studies, and hopefully there will be larger-scale WOWW studies in the coming years on WOWW's impacts on teacher classroom management styles, teacher burnout, and student variables like academic achievement and attendance. With the ever-increasing pressure on both teachers and students to be productive, it is hoped that school social workers need to be using classroom interventions such as WOWW to identify the strengths of classrooms and help both teachers and students work together more effectively.
Sandra L. Bloom and Brian Farragher
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195374803
- eISBN:
- 9780199865420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374803.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
Most people may not recognize that stress has become a major risk for a wide variety of health and mental health problems, although when surveyed most people talk passionately about the stress they ...
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Most people may not recognize that stress has become a major risk for a wide variety of health and mental health problems, although when surveyed most people talk passionately about the stress they confront at work. Nowhere is that more true than in human services. It is impossible to understand the full impact of the last thirty years of changes in human service delivery without understanding the impact of acute and chronic stress on workers at every level of the system. This chapter reviews what is known so far about the magnitude of stress impacting daily existence with a specific focus on workplace stressors. The issue of workplace stress is a public health problem of enormous proportion, not dissimilar to what existed two hundred years ago before we understood that microbes cause disease, only now the infectious agent is violence in all of its forms.Less
Most people may not recognize that stress has become a major risk for a wide variety of health and mental health problems, although when surveyed most people talk passionately about the stress they confront at work. Nowhere is that more true than in human services. It is impossible to understand the full impact of the last thirty years of changes in human service delivery without understanding the impact of acute and chronic stress on workers at every level of the system. This chapter reviews what is known so far about the magnitude of stress impacting daily existence with a specific focus on workplace stressors. The issue of workplace stress is a public health problem of enormous proportion, not dissimilar to what existed two hundred years ago before we understood that microbes cause disease, only now the infectious agent is violence in all of its forms.
Nicole M. Piemonte
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262037396
- eISBN:
- 9780262344968
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262037396.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
While many commentators have pointed to the lack of compassion and empathy in medicine, their critiques, for the most part, have not considered seriously the deeper philosophical, psychological, and ...
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While many commentators have pointed to the lack of compassion and empathy in medicine, their critiques, for the most part, have not considered seriously the deeper philosophical, psychological, and ontological reasons why clinicians and medical students might choose to conceive of medicine as an endeavor concerned solely with the biological workings of the body. Thus, this book examines why it is that existential suffering tends to be overlooked in medical practice and education, as well as the ways in which contemporary medical epistemology and pedagogy not only perpetuate but are indeed shaped by the human tendency to flee from the reality of death and vulnerability. It also explores how students and doctors perceive medicine, including what it means to be a doctor and what responsibilities doctors have toward addressing existential suffering. Contending that the being of the physician is constituted by the other who calls out to her in his suffering, this book argues that the doctor is, in fact, called to attend to suffering that extends beyond the biological. It also discusses how future physicians might be “brought back to themselves” and oriented toward a deeper sense of care through a pedagogy that encourages intentional reflection and values the cultivation of the self, openness to vulnerability, and a fuller conception of what it means to be a healer.Less
While many commentators have pointed to the lack of compassion and empathy in medicine, their critiques, for the most part, have not considered seriously the deeper philosophical, psychological, and ontological reasons why clinicians and medical students might choose to conceive of medicine as an endeavor concerned solely with the biological workings of the body. Thus, this book examines why it is that existential suffering tends to be overlooked in medical practice and education, as well as the ways in which contemporary medical epistemology and pedagogy not only perpetuate but are indeed shaped by the human tendency to flee from the reality of death and vulnerability. It also explores how students and doctors perceive medicine, including what it means to be a doctor and what responsibilities doctors have toward addressing existential suffering. Contending that the being of the physician is constituted by the other who calls out to her in his suffering, this book argues that the doctor is, in fact, called to attend to suffering that extends beyond the biological. It also discusses how future physicians might be “brought back to themselves” and oriented toward a deeper sense of care through a pedagogy that encourages intentional reflection and values the cultivation of the self, openness to vulnerability, and a fuller conception of what it means to be a healer.
Emma Craddock
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781529205701
- eISBN:
- 9781529205749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529205701.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This chapter explores the ‘dark side’ of activist culture, labelled this because of its negative effects and the fact that it is hidden from public view. It illustrates the negative aspects, ...
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This chapter explores the ‘dark side’ of activist culture, labelled this because of its negative effects and the fact that it is hidden from public view. It illustrates the negative aspects, including how the activist identity is maintained and policed by other activists through practices of shaming. It examines the implications of such practices and of the ideal activist identity, focusing on ‘activist burnout’ and its relation to care (or a lack of it) within activist culture. While the ideal activist is constructed within the local anti-austerity activist culture as an abstract individual, this chapter argues that it is actually the white, able-bodied male, given the criteria that define it. Significantly, this chapter asserts that the implicit gendered nature of the ideal activist identity and its damaging gendered consequences are not recognised, resulting in gendered symbolic violence – with women feeling guilt and blaming themselves for their perceived failure to adequately perform the identity. This chapter thus reveals the complex ways in which spaces of resistance can reinforce dominant gendered power structures, while ostensibly fighting against them.Less
This chapter explores the ‘dark side’ of activist culture, labelled this because of its negative effects and the fact that it is hidden from public view. It illustrates the negative aspects, including how the activist identity is maintained and policed by other activists through practices of shaming. It examines the implications of such practices and of the ideal activist identity, focusing on ‘activist burnout’ and its relation to care (or a lack of it) within activist culture. While the ideal activist is constructed within the local anti-austerity activist culture as an abstract individual, this chapter argues that it is actually the white, able-bodied male, given the criteria that define it. Significantly, this chapter asserts that the implicit gendered nature of the ideal activist identity and its damaging gendered consequences are not recognised, resulting in gendered symbolic violence – with women feeling guilt and blaming themselves for their perceived failure to adequately perform the identity. This chapter thus reveals the complex ways in which spaces of resistance can reinforce dominant gendered power structures, while ostensibly fighting against them.
Eric J. Cassell
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780195369052
- eISBN:
- 9780199979103
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369052.003.0009
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
As illness deepens a state of illness begins. A state is a combination of circumstances or attributes belonging for a time to a person—a way or manner of existing. It happens to seriously ill persons ...
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As illness deepens a state of illness begins. A state is a combination of circumstances or attributes belonging for a time to a person—a way or manner of existing. It happens to seriously ill persons requiring care in bed who are unable to attend to themselves or who require institutional or hospital care. An example is given of a patient progressing to a state of illness. The essential characteristic of a state is a redirection of all of the person’s thoughts and actions to focus on the state. The impact on the person of a state of being is widespread from the social to the molecular level. What is happening includes the entire range of things emotional, social, and physical that occur in sickness. It is the personal experience of feeling decrepit, fragile, vulnerable, weak, without energy, and feeble. Dealing with the state of illness is discussed in detail.Less
As illness deepens a state of illness begins. A state is a combination of circumstances or attributes belonging for a time to a person—a way or manner of existing. It happens to seriously ill persons requiring care in bed who are unable to attend to themselves or who require institutional or hospital care. An example is given of a patient progressing to a state of illness. The essential characteristic of a state is a redirection of all of the person’s thoughts and actions to focus on the state. The impact on the person of a state of being is widespread from the social to the molecular level. What is happening includes the entire range of things emotional, social, and physical that occur in sickness. It is the personal experience of feeling decrepit, fragile, vulnerable, weak, without energy, and feeble. Dealing with the state of illness is discussed in detail.
Mike W. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195133257
- eISBN:
- 9780199848706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195133257.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
According to the consensus paradigm, burnout and family life are either irrelevant to understanding professional integrity or pose threats to it. The consensus paradigm limits professional ethics, in ...
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According to the consensus paradigm, burnout and family life are either irrelevant to understanding professional integrity or pose threats to it. The consensus paradigm limits professional ethics, in terms of which professional integrity is defined, to the duties accepted as a consensus within a profession and incumbent on all its members. Whatever the cause of increasing involvement with professions, integrating work with family and other commitments is now a major moral challenge. The emphasis on personal ideals in professional life may seem to make matters worse by encouraging excessive zeal at work, compounding the dangers of burnout and harm to families. But excessive zeal is just that — a lack of reasonable proportion and balance. Realistic ideals of caring bring resources for avoiding burnout and for integrating professional and other commitments by keeping moral imperatives clear. To see this, we need a pragmatic view of moral reasoning that cautions against rigid hierarchies among personal commitments, while being sensitive to the need for setting priorities in specific contexts where work and family compete.Less
According to the consensus paradigm, burnout and family life are either irrelevant to understanding professional integrity or pose threats to it. The consensus paradigm limits professional ethics, in terms of which professional integrity is defined, to the duties accepted as a consensus within a profession and incumbent on all its members. Whatever the cause of increasing involvement with professions, integrating work with family and other commitments is now a major moral challenge. The emphasis on personal ideals in professional life may seem to make matters worse by encouraging excessive zeal at work, compounding the dangers of burnout and harm to families. But excessive zeal is just that — a lack of reasonable proportion and balance. Realistic ideals of caring bring resources for avoiding burnout and for integrating professional and other commitments by keeping moral imperatives clear. To see this, we need a pragmatic view of moral reasoning that cautions against rigid hierarchies among personal commitments, while being sensitive to the need for setting priorities in specific contexts where work and family compete.
Justin Amery, Mary Bunn, Susie Lapwood, and Gillian Chowns
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199567966
- eISBN:
- 9780191730566
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567966.003.0019
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Paediatric Palliative Medicine, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
Children's palliative care is rewarding but puts a heavy burden on health workers. Being a professional is more than being technically competent. It is about being able to understand one's strengths ...
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Children's palliative care is rewarding but puts a heavy burden on health workers. Being a professional is more than being technically competent. It is about being able to understand one's strengths and weaknesses. Burnout is damaging to oneself, to the team, and to the patients. Each one has built-in resilience that can be strengthened just like one can strengthen muscles or stamina. Building resilience is mostly common sense, but it's amazing how often health workers don't apply their common sense to their own health and well-being. There are easy-to-use tools for assessing how strong resilience is and techniques for developing it further. It describes some of the pitfalls that can trap health care professionals as they carry out their work, and makes suggestions as to how one can avoid the pitfalls, survive, and ultimately thrive.Less
Children's palliative care is rewarding but puts a heavy burden on health workers. Being a professional is more than being technically competent. It is about being able to understand one's strengths and weaknesses. Burnout is damaging to oneself, to the team, and to the patients. Each one has built-in resilience that can be strengthened just like one can strengthen muscles or stamina. Building resilience is mostly common sense, but it's amazing how often health workers don't apply their common sense to their own health and well-being. There are easy-to-use tools for assessing how strong resilience is and techniques for developing it further. It describes some of the pitfalls that can trap health care professionals as they carry out their work, and makes suggestions as to how one can avoid the pitfalls, survive, and ultimately thrive.
Stewart Gordon
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195177435
- eISBN:
- 9780199864690
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177435.003.16
- Subject:
- Music, Performing Practice/Studies
This chapter addresses significant changes in career patterns that performers frequently encounter, such as plateaus, burnout, goal shifts, and self-image changes. It offers advice for testing the ...
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This chapter addresses significant changes in career patterns that performers frequently encounter, such as plateaus, burnout, goal shifts, and self-image changes. It offers advice for testing the significance of impulses to change directions, as well as exercises.Less
This chapter addresses significant changes in career patterns that performers frequently encounter, such as plateaus, burnout, goal shifts, and self-image changes. It offers advice for testing the significance of impulses to change directions, as well as exercises.
Mike W. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195133257
- eISBN:
- 9780199848706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195133257.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
The expression “professional ethics” can mean three things: de facto morality, justified morality, and moral inquiry. Professional ethics consists entirely of the moral requirements attached to a ...
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The expression “professional ethics” can mean three things: de facto morality, justified morality, and moral inquiry. Professional ethics consists entirely of the moral requirements attached to a profession and imposed on all its members, together with the ethical dilemmas created when the requirements conflict or are too vague to provide guidance. This dominant perspective is called the consensus paradigm, which the present book argues is implausible and constricting. The consensus paradigm neglects how personal moral commitments and ideals motivate, sustain, and guide professionals in their work. In exploring personal commitments, this book introduces narrative case studies and also includes portrayals of professionals in works of fiction. Case studies are ubiquitous in studying professional ethics, but almost invariably they consist of episodic (time-slice) dilemmas about how to act when confronted with conflicting obligations. A diachronic perspective reveals the importance of caring relationships, meaningful work, voluntary service, burnout, self-betrayal, balancing family with other commitments, and other topics examined in this book.Less
The expression “professional ethics” can mean three things: de facto morality, justified morality, and moral inquiry. Professional ethics consists entirely of the moral requirements attached to a profession and imposed on all its members, together with the ethical dilemmas created when the requirements conflict or are too vague to provide guidance. This dominant perspective is called the consensus paradigm, which the present book argues is implausible and constricting. The consensus paradigm neglects how personal moral commitments and ideals motivate, sustain, and guide professionals in their work. In exploring personal commitments, this book introduces narrative case studies and also includes portrayals of professionals in works of fiction. Case studies are ubiquitous in studying professional ethics, but almost invariably they consist of episodic (time-slice) dilemmas about how to act when confronted with conflicting obligations. A diachronic perspective reveals the importance of caring relationships, meaningful work, voluntary service, burnout, self-betrayal, balancing family with other commitments, and other topics examined in this book.
Abraham P Buunk and Pieternel Dijkstra
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199586073
- eISBN:
- 9780191731358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology, Developmental Psychology
As organizations are large groups, and consist of many subgroups, evolutionary theorizing would seem very relevant to understand behaviour in organizations. Applying evolutionary thinking to ...
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As organizations are large groups, and consist of many subgroups, evolutionary theorizing would seem very relevant to understand behaviour in organizations. Applying evolutionary thinking to organizations may help understand why people in organizations behave the way they do, even if these behaviours seem counterproductive or irrational. We first discuss how the human brain seems to have evolved particularly to deal with living in large groups. We suggest that comparing oneself with others seems a basic human characteristic that may have various positive and negative consequences for individuals, as well as for organizations. Next, we focus on intrasexual competition, and discuss how this may lead not only to investing in one’s career, but also to gossip, bullying and conspicuous consumption. Finally, we discuss the role of altruistic behaviour within organizations, and link this also to intrasexual competition. An evolutionary perspective does not provide unequivocal recommendations for organizational practice, but it may help understand why some persistent problems in organizations continue to occur.Less
As organizations are large groups, and consist of many subgroups, evolutionary theorizing would seem very relevant to understand behaviour in organizations. Applying evolutionary thinking to organizations may help understand why people in organizations behave the way they do, even if these behaviours seem counterproductive or irrational. We first discuss how the human brain seems to have evolved particularly to deal with living in large groups. We suggest that comparing oneself with others seems a basic human characteristic that may have various positive and negative consequences for individuals, as well as for organizations. Next, we focus on intrasexual competition, and discuss how this may lead not only to investing in one’s career, but also to gossip, bullying and conspicuous consumption. Finally, we discuss the role of altruistic behaviour within organizations, and link this also to intrasexual competition. An evolutionary perspective does not provide unequivocal recommendations for organizational practice, but it may help understand why some persistent problems in organizations continue to occur.
Tsutomu Hoshuyama
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195380002
- eISBN:
- 9780199893881
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380002.003.0011
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Stress can be considered to be a psychological reaction to an imbalance between demand on the worker and the workers' ability to do the job to a satisfactory degree of comfort or expectation. The ...
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Stress can be considered to be a psychological reaction to an imbalance between demand on the worker and the workers' ability to do the job to a satisfactory degree of comfort or expectation. The body's response to stress is the same as the normal response to a threat, the so-called “flight or fight” response. When the threat is not concrete, however, or when it is unavoidable and cannot be fought, the normal response to a threat does not work and causes health problems. There is no one, specific health effect that is always associated with stress. It often acts indirectly by disturbing sleep, worsening the workers' mood, motivating substance abuse and other addictive behaviors, and changing behavior. Special programs to help such people are called employee assistance programs. Positive stress, on the other hand, is a response to challenge that is goal-oriented, shared by the team and within the worker's ability to cope. Stress is now understood to be associated with two job characteristics, the pace of work and the degree of control the worker has over the work task or workplace (known as the Karasek model). Another model is that stress arises when workers feel that their rewards and recognition are too small proportionate to the effort they are making (Siegrist model). Stress reduction techniques can be taught to individual workers in order to reduce their feelings of stress. “Burnout” is a popular term for a debilitating psychological condition in which the worker feels tired, disappointed, unfulfilled and anxious. It occurs in some workers after prolonged periods of stress and a feeling of frustration or lack of accomplishment. Deaths have been attributed to karoshi, an extreme form of burnout observed in Japan.Less
Stress can be considered to be a psychological reaction to an imbalance between demand on the worker and the workers' ability to do the job to a satisfactory degree of comfort or expectation. The body's response to stress is the same as the normal response to a threat, the so-called “flight or fight” response. When the threat is not concrete, however, or when it is unavoidable and cannot be fought, the normal response to a threat does not work and causes health problems. There is no one, specific health effect that is always associated with stress. It often acts indirectly by disturbing sleep, worsening the workers' mood, motivating substance abuse and other addictive behaviors, and changing behavior. Special programs to help such people are called employee assistance programs. Positive stress, on the other hand, is a response to challenge that is goal-oriented, shared by the team and within the worker's ability to cope. Stress is now understood to be associated with two job characteristics, the pace of work and the degree of control the worker has over the work task or workplace (known as the Karasek model). Another model is that stress arises when workers feel that their rewards and recognition are too small proportionate to the effort they are making (Siegrist model). Stress reduction techniques can be taught to individual workers in order to reduce their feelings of stress. “Burnout” is a popular term for a debilitating psychological condition in which the worker feels tired, disappointed, unfulfilled and anxious. It occurs in some workers after prolonged periods of stress and a feeling of frustration or lack of accomplishment. Deaths have been attributed to karoshi, an extreme form of burnout observed in Japan.
Martha K. Hugginsv, Mika Haritos-Fatouros, and Philip G. Zimbardo
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520234468
- eISBN:
- 9780520928916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520234468.003.0013
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines one result of carrying out sustained occupational violence: burnout and the personal, social, and occupational factors related to it. It investigates the consequences when ...
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This chapter examines one result of carrying out sustained occupational violence: burnout and the personal, social, and occupational factors related to it. It investigates the consequences when occupational accomplishments and the positive self-definitions attached to them are challenged by changes in social and political conditions. The chapter discusses job burnout and torture burnout, and describes the common characteristics of violence workers who showed no sign of burnout.Less
This chapter examines one result of carrying out sustained occupational violence: burnout and the personal, social, and occupational factors related to it. It investigates the consequences when occupational accomplishments and the positive self-definitions attached to them are challenged by changes in social and political conditions. The chapter discusses job burnout and torture burnout, and describes the common characteristics of violence workers who showed no sign of burnout.
Girishwar Misra (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780199498864
- eISBN:
- 9780190990619
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199498864.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Cognitive Models and Architectures
This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Three of the survey, ...
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This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Three of the survey, Psychology of Organizations, focusses on some of the important facets of organizational behaviour. Research in the work setting has observed that factors like family responsibilities, non-work events, and employment-related legislation also influence work behaviour. Today, technology is increasingly playing greater role in organizational settings and workplaces are becoming more and more diverse in their social compositions. In addition, work is increasingly being accomplished by teams rather than by single individuals. The performance in work settings is not determined by the mental and physical abilities but by other attributes such as personality, interpersonal skills, and emotional intelligence. Work is also becoming complex, as people who participate in the activities at workplace often interact in complex ways. In this scenario, worker motivation is becoming a key challenge as it influences organizational performance. This volume examines issues of motivation, performance, and leadership in Indian organizations, along with consumer concerns in India. It explicates the dynamics of organizational performance and analyses the impact of employees’ negative attitude, affect, and behaviour in the corporate setting. The contributors also study moral and ethical dimensions of the corporate life and look at the way consumption practices have evolved in contemporary India. This volume also presents a model of ethical leadership based on Guna theory and principle of Karma appropriate for Indian setting. It explores the potential of inspirational meta value for revamping the corporate functioning and overcoming corruption and other malpractices.Less
This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Three of the survey, Psychology of Organizations, focusses on some of the important facets of organizational behaviour. Research in the work setting has observed that factors like family responsibilities, non-work events, and employment-related legislation also influence work behaviour. Today, technology is increasingly playing greater role in organizational settings and workplaces are becoming more and more diverse in their social compositions. In addition, work is increasingly being accomplished by teams rather than by single individuals. The performance in work settings is not determined by the mental and physical abilities but by other attributes such as personality, interpersonal skills, and emotional intelligence. Work is also becoming complex, as people who participate in the activities at workplace often interact in complex ways. In this scenario, worker motivation is becoming a key challenge as it influences organizational performance. This volume examines issues of motivation, performance, and leadership in Indian organizations, along with consumer concerns in India. It explicates the dynamics of organizational performance and analyses the impact of employees’ negative attitude, affect, and behaviour in the corporate setting. The contributors also study moral and ethical dimensions of the corporate life and look at the way consumption practices have evolved in contemporary India. This volume also presents a model of ethical leadership based on Guna theory and principle of Karma appropriate for Indian setting. It explores the potential of inspirational meta value for revamping the corporate functioning and overcoming corruption and other malpractices.
Erika Effler
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226188652
- eISBN:
- 9780226188676
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226188676.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Organizations
Why do people keep fighting for social causes in the face of consistent failure? Why do they risk their physical, emotional, and financial safety on behalf of strangers? How do these groups survive ...
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Why do people keep fighting for social causes in the face of consistent failure? Why do they risk their physical, emotional, and financial safety on behalf of strangers? How do these groups survive high turnover and emotional burnout? To explore these questions, the authors of this book undertook three years of ethnographic fieldwork with two groups: anti-death penalty activists STOP and the Catholic Workers, who strive to alleviate poverty. In both communities, members must contend with problems that range from the broad to the intimately personal. Adverse political conditions, internal conflict, and fluctuations in financial resources create a backdrop of daily frustration—but watching an addict relapse or an inmate's execution are much more devastating setbacks. This book finds that overcoming these obstacles, recovering from failure, and maintaining the integrity of the group require a constant process of emotional fine-tuning, and it demonstrates how activists do this through thoughtful analysis and a lucid rendering of their deeply affecting stories.Less
Why do people keep fighting for social causes in the face of consistent failure? Why do they risk their physical, emotional, and financial safety on behalf of strangers? How do these groups survive high turnover and emotional burnout? To explore these questions, the authors of this book undertook three years of ethnographic fieldwork with two groups: anti-death penalty activists STOP and the Catholic Workers, who strive to alleviate poverty. In both communities, members must contend with problems that range from the broad to the intimately personal. Adverse political conditions, internal conflict, and fluctuations in financial resources create a backdrop of daily frustration—but watching an addict relapse or an inmate's execution are much more devastating setbacks. This book finds that overcoming these obstacles, recovering from failure, and maintaining the integrity of the group require a constant process of emotional fine-tuning, and it demonstrates how activists do this through thoughtful analysis and a lucid rendering of their deeply affecting stories.
Annette Johnson, Cassandra McKay-Jackson, and Giesela Grumbach
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190858728
- eISBN:
- 9780197559864
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190858728.003.0014
- Subject:
- Education, Care and Counseling of Students
Maslach and Jackson (1981) aptly pointed out that helping professionals are often required to spend considerable time in intense involvement with clients. The time is focused on solving the ...
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Maslach and Jackson (1981) aptly pointed out that helping professionals are often required to spend considerable time in intense involvement with clients. The time is focused on solving the client’s current problem and may therefore be charged with a wide array of strong emotions. In addition, Maslach and Jackson (1981) noted that solutions are not always easily reached, thus adding to the social workers’ feelings of frustration or inadequacy about job performance. “For the helping professional who works continuously with people under such circumstances, the chronic stress can be emotionally draining and poses the risk of burnout” (Maslach & Jackson, 1981, p. 99). Finding solutions to client problems can be tough, especially during times of dwindling resources. It is critical for social workers to stay connected to their own energy level, sense of agency, and self-care during times when the lack of adequate resources constrains the amount and types of services practitioners are able to provide.The practice of self-care is important in providing quality service and may help to prevent burnout in the workplace. Over time, practitioners may become overwhelmed by societal ills, declining resources, and the pressure to fix really tough problems. Critical service learning (CSL) is an approach to practice that empowers students or youth to work toward solutions and encourages them to take action toward social change within their own communities. Furthermore, CSL provides secondary benefits to the practitioner. The practitioner becomes proactive in addressing community problems by empowering youth to examine and challenge the status quo. In this way, practitioners may feel reenergized by an empowering process. Practitioners may also realize faster returns on their investment of time and energy as students or youth become more engaged in community action. In addition, CSL allows the practitioner to seek creative solutions and new strategies for dealing with difficult problems. Implementing CSL projects promotes innovative youth engagement. A well-executed CSL project has the potential to enhance the practitioner’s job satisfaction as well as increase youth motivation. As practitioners engage youth in CSL and witness youth becoming more empowered, the practitioner’s sense of purpose may be renewed.
Less
Maslach and Jackson (1981) aptly pointed out that helping professionals are often required to spend considerable time in intense involvement with clients. The time is focused on solving the client’s current problem and may therefore be charged with a wide array of strong emotions. In addition, Maslach and Jackson (1981) noted that solutions are not always easily reached, thus adding to the social workers’ feelings of frustration or inadequacy about job performance. “For the helping professional who works continuously with people under such circumstances, the chronic stress can be emotionally draining and poses the risk of burnout” (Maslach & Jackson, 1981, p. 99). Finding solutions to client problems can be tough, especially during times of dwindling resources. It is critical for social workers to stay connected to their own energy level, sense of agency, and self-care during times when the lack of adequate resources constrains the amount and types of services practitioners are able to provide.The practice of self-care is important in providing quality service and may help to prevent burnout in the workplace. Over time, practitioners may become overwhelmed by societal ills, declining resources, and the pressure to fix really tough problems. Critical service learning (CSL) is an approach to practice that empowers students or youth to work toward solutions and encourages them to take action toward social change within their own communities. Furthermore, CSL provides secondary benefits to the practitioner. The practitioner becomes proactive in addressing community problems by empowering youth to examine and challenge the status quo. In this way, practitioners may feel reenergized by an empowering process. Practitioners may also realize faster returns on their investment of time and energy as students or youth become more engaged in community action. In addition, CSL allows the practitioner to seek creative solutions and new strategies for dealing with difficult problems. Implementing CSL projects promotes innovative youth engagement. A well-executed CSL project has the potential to enhance the practitioner’s job satisfaction as well as increase youth motivation. As practitioners engage youth in CSL and witness youth becoming more empowered, the practitioner’s sense of purpose may be renewed.
Jared Chamberlain and James T. Richardson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199829996
- eISBN:
- 9780199301492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199829996.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
This chapter will explore the emerging issue of judicial stress, through a review of relevant research, policies, and procedures, and provide recommendations for future research and policy. Existing ...
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This chapter will explore the emerging issue of judicial stress, through a review of relevant research, policies, and procedures, and provide recommendations for future research and policy. Existing research suggests that judges experience stress from safety concerns, secondary traumatic stress, and occupational burnout. Gaps in the literature are delineated to identify some specific areas of focus for future researchers. Interventions designed to prevent and/or assuage judge stress are also outlined and ideas for future research are proposed to fill specific gaps in the literature. Finally, recommendations for policy and practice are provided, based on logic, anecdotes, and research findings. The dearth of recommendations based on empirical findings underscores the need for further research on the topic.Less
This chapter will explore the emerging issue of judicial stress, through a review of relevant research, policies, and procedures, and provide recommendations for future research and policy. Existing research suggests that judges experience stress from safety concerns, secondary traumatic stress, and occupational burnout. Gaps in the literature are delineated to identify some specific areas of focus for future researchers. Interventions designed to prevent and/or assuage judge stress are also outlined and ideas for future research are proposed to fill specific gaps in the literature. Finally, recommendations for policy and practice are provided, based on logic, anecdotes, and research findings. The dearth of recommendations based on empirical findings underscores the need for further research on the topic.
Charles Figley, Peter Huggard, and Charlotte Rees
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780195383263
- eISBN:
- 9780199344871
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383263.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
Doctors are often accused of playing god because they must make life-and-death decisions. Professional ethics and standards of care require physicians to keep secrets; they must live with the ...
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Doctors are often accused of playing god because they must make life-and-death decisions. Professional ethics and standards of care require physicians to keep secrets; they must live with the memories of split-second decisions often made by instinct; and they can endure the multitude of patients’ pain and suffering every day, day after day. Added to patient-related pressures are the pressures and politics of the House of Medicine, along with a constant drumbeat to train more physicians due to the worldwide shortage of physicians. Yet physicians are human beings who feel pain like everyone else. These demands, and the associated day-to-day challenges of physicianship, can take their toll on doctors, leading to mental health problems, reduced job satisfaction and productivity, and eventually lowered retention. Stress can lead to poor communication between doctors and their colleagues and between doctors and their patients. In the long run, for doctors to avoid harming patients, they must first do no self-harm. First Do No Self-Harm, edited by three medical and mental health educators, offers a clarion call for the improved medical and mental health of physicians across the education continuum by posing and answering five fundamental questions: (1) What are the sources of stress? (2) What are the stress-related consequences for those who work and seek treatment in the House of Medicine? (3) How do they cope with their stressful jobs? (4) What strategies can be used to promote resilience among physicians? (5) How can medical and mental health educators acquire the skills and wisdom to tackle the culture of stoicism and emotional silence in the House of Medicine that encourages physicians’ self-harm?Less
Doctors are often accused of playing god because they must make life-and-death decisions. Professional ethics and standards of care require physicians to keep secrets; they must live with the memories of split-second decisions often made by instinct; and they can endure the multitude of patients’ pain and suffering every day, day after day. Added to patient-related pressures are the pressures and politics of the House of Medicine, along with a constant drumbeat to train more physicians due to the worldwide shortage of physicians. Yet physicians are human beings who feel pain like everyone else. These demands, and the associated day-to-day challenges of physicianship, can take their toll on doctors, leading to mental health problems, reduced job satisfaction and productivity, and eventually lowered retention. Stress can lead to poor communication between doctors and their colleagues and between doctors and their patients. In the long run, for doctors to avoid harming patients, they must first do no self-harm. First Do No Self-Harm, edited by three medical and mental health educators, offers a clarion call for the improved medical and mental health of physicians across the education continuum by posing and answering five fundamental questions: (1) What are the sources of stress? (2) What are the stress-related consequences for those who work and seek treatment in the House of Medicine? (3) How do they cope with their stressful jobs? (4) What strategies can be used to promote resilience among physicians? (5) How can medical and mental health educators acquire the skills and wisdom to tackle the culture of stoicism and emotional silence in the House of Medicine that encourages physicians’ self-harm?
Peter Huggard, Beth Hudnall Stamm, and Laurie Anne Pearlman
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780195383263
- eISBN:
- 9780199344871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195383263.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
An increasing body of literature examines the presence and nature of vicarious traumatization in health professionals. This phenomenon, also known as compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress ...
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An increasing body of literature examines the presence and nature of vicarious traumatization in health professionals. This phenomenon, also known as compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress although there appear to be some differences between these three constructs, is increasingly being acknowledged as a possible consequence of witnessing the suffering of others. This chapter examines these constructs as well as those of burnout and compassion satisfaction, and places them within the daily routine of a physician. The possible “positive” aspects of such experiences are discussed, including compassion satisfaction and vicarious transformation or growth, as well as possible ways of measuring these constructs. The chapter concludes by reporting research that identified the presence of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in a group of resident physicians and linked these findings with the levels of resilience, spirituality, empathy, and emotional competence in the same group.Less
An increasing body of literature examines the presence and nature of vicarious traumatization in health professionals. This phenomenon, also known as compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress although there appear to be some differences between these three constructs, is increasingly being acknowledged as a possible consequence of witnessing the suffering of others. This chapter examines these constructs as well as those of burnout and compassion satisfaction, and places them within the daily routine of a physician. The possible “positive” aspects of such experiences are discussed, including compassion satisfaction and vicarious transformation or growth, as well as possible ways of measuring these constructs. The chapter concludes by reporting research that identified the presence of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in a group of resident physicians and linked these findings with the levels of resilience, spirituality, empathy, and emotional competence in the same group.
Anna Katharina Schaffner
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231172301
- eISBN:
- 9780231538855
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231172301.003.0012
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Analysis of exhaustion in the context of contemporary stress and burnout theories and debates (primarily psycho-social and socio-political approaches, with hormonal/biomedical underpinnings). ...
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Analysis of exhaustion in the context of contemporary stress and burnout theories and debates (primarily psycho-social and socio-political approaches, with hormonal/biomedical underpinnings). Literary examples: Graham Greene, 'A Burnt-Out Case' and Thomas Mann, 'Death in Venice'.Less
Analysis of exhaustion in the context of contemporary stress and burnout theories and debates (primarily psycho-social and socio-political approaches, with hormonal/biomedical underpinnings). Literary examples: Graham Greene, 'A Burnt-Out Case' and Thomas Mann, 'Death in Venice'.
