Catherine Robson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691119366
- eISBN:
- 9781400845156
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691119366.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter resurrects “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna.” Charles Wolfe's poem, a reimagining of the hasty interment of a fallen general after one of the land battles in the Napoleonic ...
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This chapter resurrects “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna.” Charles Wolfe's poem, a reimagining of the hasty interment of a fallen general after one of the land battles in the Napoleonic wars, was repeatedly quoted by soldiers and other individuals during the American Civil War when they found themselves having to organize, or witness, the burials of dead comrades. In recent years, cultural historians of Great Britain have tried to account for the massive shift in burial and memorial practices for the common soldier that occurred between 1815 and 1915. The chapter argues that the presence of Wolfe's poem in the hearts and minds of ordinary people played its part in creating the social expectations that led to the establishment of the National Cemeteries in the United States, and thus, in due course, the mass memorialization of World War I.Less
This chapter resurrects “The Burial of Sir John Moore after Corunna.” Charles Wolfe's poem, a reimagining of the hasty interment of a fallen general after one of the land battles in the Napoleonic wars, was repeatedly quoted by soldiers and other individuals during the American Civil War when they found themselves having to organize, or witness, the burials of dead comrades. In recent years, cultural historians of Great Britain have tried to account for the massive shift in burial and memorial practices for the common soldier that occurred between 1815 and 1915. The chapter argues that the presence of Wolfe's poem in the hearts and minds of ordinary people played its part in creating the social expectations that led to the establishment of the National Cemeteries in the United States, and thus, in due course, the mass memorialization of World War I.
SHEILAGH OGILVIE
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198205548
- eISBN:
- 9780191719219
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205548.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
Childcare often makes intensive use of women's time, so this chapter examines the demographic and familial framework in the pre-industrial German society under analysis in this book and sets it in a ...
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Childcare often makes intensive use of women's time, so this chapter examines the demographic and familial framework in the pre-industrial German society under analysis in this book and sets it in a broader European context. It begins by exploring the potential influence of reproductive responsibilities on women's work by examining marriage ages, celibacy rates, and illegitimacy ratios. It then proceeds to investigate the sexual division of labour within the family by analysing household structure, the female life cycle, and sex ratios in different household roles. Finally, it conducts a multivariate analysis of burial donations to assess the determinants of social esteem for individuals of both sexes at different points in the life-cycle. These findings are used to draw preliminary conclusions regarding biological, technological, cultural, and institutional hypotheses about the determinants of women's economic position in pre-industrial societies.Less
Childcare often makes intensive use of women's time, so this chapter examines the demographic and familial framework in the pre-industrial German society under analysis in this book and sets it in a broader European context. It begins by exploring the potential influence of reproductive responsibilities on women's work by examining marriage ages, celibacy rates, and illegitimacy ratios. It then proceeds to investigate the sexual division of labour within the family by analysing household structure, the female life cycle, and sex ratios in different household roles. Finally, it conducts a multivariate analysis of burial donations to assess the determinants of social esteem for individuals of both sexes at different points in the life-cycle. These findings are used to draw preliminary conclusions regarding biological, technological, cultural, and institutional hypotheses about the determinants of women's economic position in pre-industrial societies.
Isabel Moreira
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199736041
- eISBN:
- 9780199894628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736041.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter examines writers on purgatory in the sixth and seventh centuries, including Julianus Pomerius, Caesarius of Arles, and Gregory the Great. It also examines ideas about postmortem ...
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This chapter examines writers on purgatory in the sixth and seventh centuries, including Julianus Pomerius, Caesarius of Arles, and Gregory the Great. It also examines ideas about postmortem purgation as expressed in minor works of the seventh century including De ordine creaturarum and in visions of the afterlife and in hagiography. It concludes by looking at rituals of sacramental purification, especially baptism and penance, and discusses purgation in funeral liturgies, burial practices, and prayers for the dead.Less
This chapter examines writers on purgatory in the sixth and seventh centuries, including Julianus Pomerius, Caesarius of Arles, and Gregory the Great. It also examines ideas about postmortem purgation as expressed in minor works of the seventh century including De ordine creaturarum and in visions of the afterlife and in hagiography. It concludes by looking at rituals of sacramental purification, especially baptism and penance, and discusses purgation in funeral liturgies, burial practices, and prayers for the dead.
S. D. KRYZHITSKIY
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264041
- eISBN:
- 9780191734311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264041.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
Historians of the ancient states of the north coast of the Black Sea were often faced by the challenge on how to estimate the presence of barbarians in the populations of early communities. Although ...
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Historians of the ancient states of the north coast of the Black Sea were often faced by the challenge on how to estimate the presence of barbarians in the populations of early communities. Although it is generally understood that there was indeed a presence of barbarians in the early Mediterranean communities, the problem is there is no systematic means to gain material remains that may shed light on the numbers and social-ethnic characteristics of such non-Greek components. Although attempts have been made to generalize the existence of barbarians through archaeological evidence, such methods have failed due to lack of firm methodology. This chapter examines cities wherein the barbarian cultural level cannot be clearly established. It focuses on the two aspects of the issue of barbarian presence in Olbia. It examines the artefacts and assemblages, and how much materials can attest the presence of such ethnicities in Olbia. This qualitative approach examines the presence of dug-out dwelling places, handmade potteries, burial practices, jewellery and prosopography. The second aspect uses a quantitative approach which examines the statistics and percentages of particular ethnicities in Olbia. In these considerations and examinations, no objective criteria that would establish the number of barbarians in Olbia have been established. Although specific cultural features may be connected with the barbarians, they are otherwise represented slightly and in a fragmented fashion which nullifies the argument that Olbia contained substantial barbarian social stratum.Less
Historians of the ancient states of the north coast of the Black Sea were often faced by the challenge on how to estimate the presence of barbarians in the populations of early communities. Although it is generally understood that there was indeed a presence of barbarians in the early Mediterranean communities, the problem is there is no systematic means to gain material remains that may shed light on the numbers and social-ethnic characteristics of such non-Greek components. Although attempts have been made to generalize the existence of barbarians through archaeological evidence, such methods have failed due to lack of firm methodology. This chapter examines cities wherein the barbarian cultural level cannot be clearly established. It focuses on the two aspects of the issue of barbarian presence in Olbia. It examines the artefacts and assemblages, and how much materials can attest the presence of such ethnicities in Olbia. This qualitative approach examines the presence of dug-out dwelling places, handmade potteries, burial practices, jewellery and prosopography. The second aspect uses a quantitative approach which examines the statistics and percentages of particular ethnicities in Olbia. In these considerations and examinations, no objective criteria that would establish the number of barbarians in Olbia have been established. Although specific cultural features may be connected with the barbarians, they are otherwise represented slightly and in a fragmented fashion which nullifies the argument that Olbia contained substantial barbarian social stratum.
Ralph Houlbrooke
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208761
- eISBN:
- 9780191678134
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208761.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
This chapter discusses burials and commemoration of the dead between the 15th and 18th centuries. It was a Christian duty to bury the bodies of the dead. ...
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This chapter discusses burials and commemoration of the dead between the 15th and 18th centuries. It was a Christian duty to bury the bodies of the dead. Early medieval Church councils forbade burial inside the church, except to members of the clergy and important lay people, such as monarchs, founders, and patrons. Gradually, however, this prohibition was relaxed, partly in order to raise money for church funds. The commemoration of individuals by means of funeral monuments never died out entirely during the Middle Ages but it was relatively rare until after c.1100. Three main developments may be discerned during the following seven centuries: a gradual downwards diffusion of the practice of erecting monuments from the uppermost ranks of society to its middling strata; the increasing importance of commemoration, as distinct from the encouragement of intercession, as a function of monuments; and a long-term shift of emphasis from the visual representation of the deceased to the epitaph.Less
This chapter discusses burials and commemoration of the dead between the 15th and 18th centuries. It was a Christian duty to bury the bodies of the dead. Early medieval Church councils forbade burial inside the church, except to members of the clergy and important lay people, such as monarchs, founders, and patrons. Gradually, however, this prohibition was relaxed, partly in order to raise money for church funds. The commemoration of individuals by means of funeral monuments never died out entirely during the Middle Ages but it was relatively rare until after c.1100. Three main developments may be discerned during the following seven centuries: a gradual downwards diffusion of the practice of erecting monuments from the uppermost ranks of society to its middling strata; the increasing importance of commemoration, as distinct from the encouragement of intercession, as a function of monuments; and a long-term shift of emphasis from the visual representation of the deceased to the epitaph.
Michael Kammen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226423296
- eISBN:
- 9780226423326
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226423326.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This book reveals a treasure trove of fascinating, surprising, and occasionally gruesome stories of exhumation and reburial throughout American history. Taking us to the contested grave sites of such ...
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This book reveals a treasure trove of fascinating, surprising, and occasionally gruesome stories of exhumation and reburial throughout American history. Taking us to the contested grave sites of such figures as Sitting Bull, John Paul Jones, Frank Lloyd Wright, Daniel Boone, Jefferson Davis, and even Abraham Lincoln, the book explores how complicated interactions of regional pride, shifting reputations, and evolving burial practices led to public and often emotional battles over the final resting places of famous figures. Grave-robbing, skull-fondling, cases of mistaken identity, and the financial lures of cemetery tourism all come into play as the book delves deeply into this little-known—yet surprisingly persistent—aspect of American history. Simultaneously insightful and interesting, masterly and macabre, this book reminds us that the stories of American history do not always end when the key players pass on. Rather, the battle—over reputations, interpretations, and, last but far from least, possession of the remains themselves—is often just beginning.Less
This book reveals a treasure trove of fascinating, surprising, and occasionally gruesome stories of exhumation and reburial throughout American history. Taking us to the contested grave sites of such figures as Sitting Bull, John Paul Jones, Frank Lloyd Wright, Daniel Boone, Jefferson Davis, and even Abraham Lincoln, the book explores how complicated interactions of regional pride, shifting reputations, and evolving burial practices led to public and often emotional battles over the final resting places of famous figures. Grave-robbing, skull-fondling, cases of mistaken identity, and the financial lures of cemetery tourism all come into play as the book delves deeply into this little-known—yet surprisingly persistent—aspect of American history. Simultaneously insightful and interesting, masterly and macabre, this book reminds us that the stories of American history do not always end when the key players pass on. Rather, the battle—over reputations, interpretations, and, last but far from least, possession of the remains themselves—is often just beginning.
Carrie L. Sulosky Weaver
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061122
- eISBN:
- 9780813051406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061122.003.0001
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Chapter 1 is devoted to background and contextual material. It provides an overview of death rituals and burial practices in the Greek world, which includes customs derived from the mainland as well ...
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Chapter 1 is devoted to background and contextual material. It provides an overview of death rituals and burial practices in the Greek world, which includes customs derived from the mainland as well as the colonies. Special attention is given to the topics of funerary rituals, festivals of the dead and beliefs in the afterlife.Less
Chapter 1 is devoted to background and contextual material. It provides an overview of death rituals and burial practices in the Greek world, which includes customs derived from the mainland as well as the colonies. Special attention is given to the topics of funerary rituals, festivals of the dead and beliefs in the afterlife.
Jon B. Hageman
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813062518
- eISBN:
- 9780813051154
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062518.003.0009
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter describes the creation of ancestors in imagery and changing burial patterns in Preclassic Maya farming villages. Referencing the large corpus of Maya art and epigraphy, the chapter ...
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This chapter describes the creation of ancestors in imagery and changing burial patterns in Preclassic Maya farming villages. Referencing the large corpus of Maya art and epigraphy, the chapter traces how symbols were later used by Classic Maya kings to appropriate ancestral powers and to institutionalize and legitimize their rule through communication and physical contact with previous kings. Commoner ancestral symbols differ in meaning from their royal counterparts and may have implications for our understanding of ancient Maya gender.Less
This chapter describes the creation of ancestors in imagery and changing burial patterns in Preclassic Maya farming villages. Referencing the large corpus of Maya art and epigraphy, the chapter traces how symbols were later used by Classic Maya kings to appropriate ancestral powers and to institutionalize and legitimize their rule through communication and physical contact with previous kings. Commoner ancestral symbols differ in meaning from their royal counterparts and may have implications for our understanding of ancient Maya gender.
Giancarlo Marcone
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813062785
- eISBN:
- 9780813051703
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062785.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Drawing from ethnohistorical sources, many Andean scholars have modeled Inca expansion as a highly ritualized political process, with feasting and ritual performance as its principal components. This ...
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Drawing from ethnohistorical sources, many Andean scholars have modeled Inca expansion as a highly ritualized political process, with feasting and ritual performance as its principal components. This model was long projected onto all Andean societies on the assumption that feasting activities were similarly important and played similar political roles across societies over time. Other voices have proposed that burial practices and ancestor veneration were also of central political importance in the Andean states’ expansionist projects. Ancestor veneration was thought to be the ideological base that upheld these entire systems. Increasingly, however, new voices are proposing that ancestor veneration and burial practices need to be understood in relation to feasting practices. It is only in this relational way that we can fully understand their political and social meanings. In chapter 5, Flores proposes that this is particularly true in cases where local communities interact with expansionist polities. He argues, based on evidence from Lote B, a small rural settlement in the Lurín Valley, that the increase of feasting activities is related to the suppression of funerary practices or vice-versa. This inverse correlation not only informs us about the nature of an expansionist project but also about the compromise that takes place between local communities and expansionist polities in turn.Less
Drawing from ethnohistorical sources, many Andean scholars have modeled Inca expansion as a highly ritualized political process, with feasting and ritual performance as its principal components. This model was long projected onto all Andean societies on the assumption that feasting activities were similarly important and played similar political roles across societies over time. Other voices have proposed that burial practices and ancestor veneration were also of central political importance in the Andean states’ expansionist projects. Ancestor veneration was thought to be the ideological base that upheld these entire systems. Increasingly, however, new voices are proposing that ancestor veneration and burial practices need to be understood in relation to feasting practices. It is only in this relational way that we can fully understand their political and social meanings. In chapter 5, Flores proposes that this is particularly true in cases where local communities interact with expansionist polities. He argues, based on evidence from Lote B, a small rural settlement in the Lurín Valley, that the increase of feasting activities is related to the suppression of funerary practices or vice-versa. This inverse correlation not only informs us about the nature of an expansionist project but also about the compromise that takes place between local communities and expansionist polities in turn.
Erica Hill and Jon B. Hageman
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813062518
- eISBN:
- 9780813051154
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062518.003.0002
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter provides an overview of archaeological approaches to ancestor veneration in the past. Two major works (by Patricia McAnany and Mary Helms) moved the study of ancestors beyond the ...
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This chapter provides an overview of archaeological approaches to ancestor veneration in the past. Two major works (by Patricia McAnany and Mary Helms) moved the study of ancestors beyond the processual insights of Arthur Saxe and Lynne Goldstein and laid the conceptual foundations for more nuanced and ethnographically informed work of the twenty-first century. The chapter reviews the ways in which archaeologists have identified and studied ancient ancestors in China and Europe, and discusses Whitley’s charge that there are “too many ancestors” in the British Neolithic. Finally, the chapter outlines the kinds of archaeological evidence that have been used to identify ancestors in the archaeological record and to reconstruct the roles of ancestors in past societies. These lines of evidence include funerary remains and burial practices; archaeological features and landscapes; representational imagery; and documentary sources.Less
This chapter provides an overview of archaeological approaches to ancestor veneration in the past. Two major works (by Patricia McAnany and Mary Helms) moved the study of ancestors beyond the processual insights of Arthur Saxe and Lynne Goldstein and laid the conceptual foundations for more nuanced and ethnographically informed work of the twenty-first century. The chapter reviews the ways in which archaeologists have identified and studied ancient ancestors in China and Europe, and discusses Whitley’s charge that there are “too many ancestors” in the British Neolithic. Finally, the chapter outlines the kinds of archaeological evidence that have been used to identify ancestors in the archaeological record and to reconstruct the roles of ancestors in past societies. These lines of evidence include funerary remains and burial practices; archaeological features and landscapes; representational imagery; and documentary sources.
Mark Michael Rowe
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226730134
- eISBN:
- 9780226730165
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226730165.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter moves outside the idiom of Buddhist graves and memorials to consider the scattering of ashes, an innovative burial practice that began around the same time as eternal memorial graves. ...
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This chapter moves outside the idiom of Buddhist graves and memorials to consider the scattering of ashes, an innovative burial practice that began around the same time as eternal memorial graves. Despite that fact that more than 99 percent of all Japanese are cremated today, scattering is still a very recent and controversial practice. After tracing the modern development of scattering and the civic group that has been instrumental in its promotion, this chapter will explore a wide range of responses and consider what further insights they may offer into the relationship between Buddhist doctrine, families, and burial. It is also shown here that despite demographic, household, and economic shifts weakening the hold of temples on Japanese deathways, Buddhist identity in Japan is still intimately connected to the central role of temple priests in mortuary rites.Less
This chapter moves outside the idiom of Buddhist graves and memorials to consider the scattering of ashes, an innovative burial practice that began around the same time as eternal memorial graves. Despite that fact that more than 99 percent of all Japanese are cremated today, scattering is still a very recent and controversial practice. After tracing the modern development of scattering and the civic group that has been instrumental in its promotion, this chapter will explore a wide range of responses and consider what further insights they may offer into the relationship between Buddhist doctrine, families, and burial. It is also shown here that despite demographic, household, and economic shifts weakening the hold of temples on Japanese deathways, Buddhist identity in Japan is still intimately connected to the central role of temple priests in mortuary rites.
Sarah Lynn Lopez
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226105130
- eISBN:
- 9780226202952
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226202952.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This chapter examines the material culture of aging and death for migrants facing “retirement,” whose years working to remit are behind them. Migrants live in the U.S. with persistent questions about ...
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This chapter examines the material culture of aging and death for migrants facing “retirement,” whose years working to remit are behind them. Migrants live in the U.S. with persistent questions about if and when they will “return” to their hometowns. In anticipation of return, some are building old age homes in Mexico. Examining emigrants’ construction of an asilo anciano (old age home) in Los Guajes in preparation for their retirement in Mexico exposes the Mexican state’s ambivalence regarding its responsibility toward emigrants who can no longer work. This chapter argues that long-distance building practices require an expanded notion of the public to include new administrative capacities and services that care for norteños now integral to the community but physically absent from it.Less
This chapter examines the material culture of aging and death for migrants facing “retirement,” whose years working to remit are behind them. Migrants live in the U.S. with persistent questions about if and when they will “return” to their hometowns. In anticipation of return, some are building old age homes in Mexico. Examining emigrants’ construction of an asilo anciano (old age home) in Los Guajes in preparation for their retirement in Mexico exposes the Mexican state’s ambivalence regarding its responsibility toward emigrants who can no longer work. This chapter argues that long-distance building practices require an expanded notion of the public to include new administrative capacities and services that care for norteños now integral to the community but physically absent from it.
Michael Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226491820
- eISBN:
- 9780226492018
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226492018.003.0014
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Theory and Practice
The author discusses the burial practices and funerary rites of the Kuranko.
The author discusses the burial practices and funerary rites of the Kuranko.
Jody Joy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199567959
- eISBN:
- 9780191804410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199567959.003.0021
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
Mirror burials have been viewed as the female equivalent to male warrior burials. As mirrors were relatively rare until modern times and often impressive objects, they have been seen as indicators of ...
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Mirror burials have been viewed as the female equivalent to male warrior burials. As mirrors were relatively rare until modern times and often impressive objects, they have been seen as indicators of status and mirror burials are most often interpreted as the graves of wealthy or high-status women. However, recent data has shown that this dominant interpretation may be overly simplistic; that it does not reflect diversity in the burial data. As a regional case study of later Iron Age burial practice, this chapter reinterprets the archaeological evidence. It suggests that people were buried with elaborate objects such as mirrors for multiple reasons and that mirrors were not just a passive reflection of status. These objects played an active role in graves in the creation and reformulation of identity in the later Iron Age.Less
Mirror burials have been viewed as the female equivalent to male warrior burials. As mirrors were relatively rare until modern times and often impressive objects, they have been seen as indicators of status and mirror burials are most often interpreted as the graves of wealthy or high-status women. However, recent data has shown that this dominant interpretation may be overly simplistic; that it does not reflect diversity in the burial data. As a regional case study of later Iron Age burial practice, this chapter reinterprets the archaeological evidence. It suggests that people were buried with elaborate objects such as mirrors for multiple reasons and that mirrors were not just a passive reflection of status. These objects played an active role in graves in the creation and reformulation of identity in the later Iron Age.
Joanne M. A. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190926069
- eISBN:
- 9780190926090
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190926069.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical, Ancient Religions
The goal of this volume is to generate discussion on the variability in burial practices in Greece during the Late Bronze Age (LBA) and to create a more nuanced understanding of the society by ...
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The goal of this volume is to generate discussion on the variability in burial practices in Greece during the Late Bronze Age (LBA) and to create a more nuanced understanding of the society by bringing together a group of scholars who are either excavating newly discovered tombs or reexamining older excavations of LBA tombs. The data from these recent excavations and renewed studies suggest that the patterns of burial may contain more variety than has been recognized in earlier scholarship, and indicate the need for a detailed comparison of these burial practices combined with a synthetic comparative study of the tombs. Attention to variations in the mortuary practices can enrich current understanding of the range of connections between tombs and their respective communities, adding nuance to accepted interpretations of the LBA mortuary customs and their related societies. With variability in local burial practices as their initial commonality, broader themes and topics were revealed in the chapters assembled in this volume, including the rich connection between tombs and the political economy; their role in power and identity creation; the differences between palaces and second-order sites; the changing focus and identity of the various communities throughout the LBA; the combination of older more traditional practices with new ones in the tombs; social differences between genders; and varied emphasis on family lines.Less
The goal of this volume is to generate discussion on the variability in burial practices in Greece during the Late Bronze Age (LBA) and to create a more nuanced understanding of the society by bringing together a group of scholars who are either excavating newly discovered tombs or reexamining older excavations of LBA tombs. The data from these recent excavations and renewed studies suggest that the patterns of burial may contain more variety than has been recognized in earlier scholarship, and indicate the need for a detailed comparison of these burial practices combined with a synthetic comparative study of the tombs. Attention to variations in the mortuary practices can enrich current understanding of the range of connections between tombs and their respective communities, adding nuance to accepted interpretations of the LBA mortuary customs and their related societies. With variability in local burial practices as their initial commonality, broader themes and topics were revealed in the chapters assembled in this volume, including the rich connection between tombs and the political economy; their role in power and identity creation; the differences between palaces and second-order sites; the changing focus and identity of the various communities throughout the LBA; the combination of older more traditional practices with new ones in the tombs; social differences between genders; and varied emphasis on family lines.
Greg Johnson
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226248479
- eISBN:
- 9780226248646
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226248646.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Using the legal battles surrounding care for ancestors in Hawaiˋi, Johnson queries whether a focus on the politics of religious freedom actually disenfranchises marginalized groups whose religious ...
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Using the legal battles surrounding care for ancestors in Hawaiˋi, Johnson queries whether a focus on the politics of religious freedom actually disenfranchises marginalized groups whose religious practices have long been considered suspect by the mainstream.Less
Using the legal battles surrounding care for ancestors in Hawaiˋi, Johnson queries whether a focus on the politics of religious freedom actually disenfranchises marginalized groups whose religious practices have long been considered suspect by the mainstream.
Jonathan Strauss
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780823251322
- eISBN:
- 9780823252954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251322.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Mythology and Folklore
The introduction traces the relations between burial practices and the rise of the polis in ancient Greece to show that the creation of the city-state was accompanied by an exclusion of dead bodies ...
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The introduction traces the relations between burial practices and the rise of the polis in ancient Greece to show that the creation of the city-state was accompanied by an exclusion of dead bodies from urban zones. The city, it seems, was grounded in the difference between life and death. The chapter also describes the importance of tragedies to the civic life of fifth-century Athens, since they were spectacles that staged the state's origins and pondered the legitimacy of its legal structures. In a dissimulated way, the status of the individual and the value of his or her private life played a crucial role in these deliberations. Sophocles's Antigone exemplifies these issues, and to better understand the relations between tragedy, the city, death, and individual life, we should consider not only the play and its historical context, but also the long and rich history of its exegesis, especially in the wake of Hegel's pivotal analysis.Less
The introduction traces the relations between burial practices and the rise of the polis in ancient Greece to show that the creation of the city-state was accompanied by an exclusion of dead bodies from urban zones. The city, it seems, was grounded in the difference between life and death. The chapter also describes the importance of tragedies to the civic life of fifth-century Athens, since they were spectacles that staged the state's origins and pondered the legitimacy of its legal structures. In a dissimulated way, the status of the individual and the value of his or her private life played a crucial role in these deliberations. Sophocles's Antigone exemplifies these issues, and to better understand the relations between tragedy, the city, death, and individual life, we should consider not only the play and its historical context, but also the long and rich history of its exegesis, especially in the wake of Hegel's pivotal analysis.
Sevi Triantaphyllou and Stelios Andreou
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190926069
- eISBN:
- 9780190926090
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190926069.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical, Ancient Religions
Burial practices in Late Bronze Age Macedonia do not manifest particularly elaborate traits in terms of grave architecture and prestigious items accompanying the dead. In contrast to practices in the ...
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Burial practices in Late Bronze Age Macedonia do not manifest particularly elaborate traits in terms of grave architecture and prestigious items accompanying the dead. In contrast to practices in the southern mainland, local communities adopted subtler and less homogeneous forms of treating the deceased in an attempt to signify their particular identities in the cultural, political, and symbolic landscape. Recent research has established a special focus on descent in extramural cemeteries, such as the cist grave cemetery with multiple burials at Spathes on Mount Olympus, the tumuli of Western Macedonia and Southern Pieria, the burial enclosures of Faia Petra, and the tumuli at Exochi and Potamoi in Eastern Macedonia. In Central Macedonia, on the other hand, where tell settlements dominate the natural and symbolic landscape, burial practices possess a less prominent place in the social space. The dominant trait here seems to be the absence of formal mortuary practices. Burials may occur within the settlement without special care regarding the treatment of the dead, but with a desire to mark out the links of the deceased with particular residential groups. The handling of death in Late Bronze Age Macedonia emerges therefore as a powerful practice, which was manipulated in different modes by the living communities in order to claim a diverse set of social identities and significant properties in the diverse cultural landscape and the varied political scenery of the area.Less
Burial practices in Late Bronze Age Macedonia do not manifest particularly elaborate traits in terms of grave architecture and prestigious items accompanying the dead. In contrast to practices in the southern mainland, local communities adopted subtler and less homogeneous forms of treating the deceased in an attempt to signify their particular identities in the cultural, political, and symbolic landscape. Recent research has established a special focus on descent in extramural cemeteries, such as the cist grave cemetery with multiple burials at Spathes on Mount Olympus, the tumuli of Western Macedonia and Southern Pieria, the burial enclosures of Faia Petra, and the tumuli at Exochi and Potamoi in Eastern Macedonia. In Central Macedonia, on the other hand, where tell settlements dominate the natural and symbolic landscape, burial practices possess a less prominent place in the social space. The dominant trait here seems to be the absence of formal mortuary practices. Burials may occur within the settlement without special care regarding the treatment of the dead, but with a desire to mark out the links of the deceased with particular residential groups. The handling of death in Late Bronze Age Macedonia emerges therefore as a powerful practice, which was manipulated in different modes by the living communities in order to claim a diverse set of social identities and significant properties in the diverse cultural landscape and the varied political scenery of the area.
Gregory Shushan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- August 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190872472
- eISBN:
- 9780190872502
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190872472.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
There are very few examples of African near-death experiences (NDEs) or statements that afterlife beliefs were grounded in them. This corresponds to beliefs that often bore few similarities to NDEs, ...
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There are very few examples of African near-death experiences (NDEs) or statements that afterlife beliefs were grounded in them. This corresponds to beliefs that often bore few similarities to NDEs, a scarcity of relevant myths, and revitalization movements that lacked any significant relationship to NDEs. Instead, there were many myths explaining why people do not return from death; beliefs in the continued presence of ancestor spirits on Earth, and fear of their potential malevolent influence; shamanic practices that focused on possession and sorcery rather than soul travel; negative attitudes toward death, the dead, and the possibility of their return; burial practices that would not have facilitated revival; and simply a lack of interest in otherworldly afterlife speculations. When such beliefs were found, however, they did bear similarities to NDEs, perhaps indicating distant cultural memories of such experiences.Less
There are very few examples of African near-death experiences (NDEs) or statements that afterlife beliefs were grounded in them. This corresponds to beliefs that often bore few similarities to NDEs, a scarcity of relevant myths, and revitalization movements that lacked any significant relationship to NDEs. Instead, there were many myths explaining why people do not return from death; beliefs in the continued presence of ancestor spirits on Earth, and fear of their potential malevolent influence; shamanic practices that focused on possession and sorcery rather than soul travel; negative attitudes toward death, the dead, and the possibility of their return; burial practices that would not have facilitated revival; and simply a lack of interest in otherworldly afterlife speculations. When such beliefs were found, however, they did bear similarities to NDEs, perhaps indicating distant cultural memories of such experiences.
Robert G. Morkot
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9789774166181
- eISBN:
- 9781617975448
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774166181.003.0002
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Kushite rule in Thebes lasted from 750 BC to 656 BC, and saw the revival of its fortunes in what was an era of turmoil and division in Egypt. Looking at structures of power and religious hierarchies, ...
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Kushite rule in Thebes lasted from 750 BC to 656 BC, and saw the revival of its fortunes in what was an era of turmoil and division in Egypt. Looking at structures of power and religious hierarchies, this chapter points to a religious renaissance that focussed on the cult of Amun. It also sheds light on building works, architecture, and burial practices of the Kushites.Less
Kushite rule in Thebes lasted from 750 BC to 656 BC, and saw the revival of its fortunes in what was an era of turmoil and division in Egypt. Looking at structures of power and religious hierarchies, this chapter points to a religious renaissance that focussed on the cult of Amun. It also sheds light on building works, architecture, and burial practices of the Kushites.
