Germaine Halegoua
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479839216
- eISBN:
- 9781479829101
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479839216.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
The Digital City focuses on the interface of people, urban place, and the role that digital media play in placemaking endeavors. Critics have understood digital media as forces that alienate and ...
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The Digital City focuses on the interface of people, urban place, and the role that digital media play in placemaking endeavors. Critics have understood digital media as forces that alienate and disembed users from space and place. This book argues that the exact opposite processes are observable: many different actors are consciously and habitually using digital technologies to re-embed themselves within urban space. Five case studies from cities around the world illustrate the concept of “re-placeing” by showing how different populations employ urban broadband networks, social and locative media platforms, digital navigation technologies, smart cities, and creative placemaking initiatives to reproduce abstract urban spaces as inhabited places with deep meanings and emotional attachments. Through clear and accessible language and timely narratives of everyday urban life, the author argues that a sense of place is integral to understanding contemporary relationships with digital media while highlighting our own awareness of the places where we find ourselves and where our technologies find and place us. Through ethnographic and discourse analysis of everyday digital media practices and technologies, this book expands practical and theoretical understandings of the ways urban planners envision and plan connected cities, the role of urban communities in shaping and interpreting digital architectures, and the tales of the city produced through mobile and web-based platforms. Digital connectivity is reshaping the city and the ways we navigate through it and belong within it. How this happens and the types of places we produce within these networked environments are what this book addresses.Less
The Digital City focuses on the interface of people, urban place, and the role that digital media play in placemaking endeavors. Critics have understood digital media as forces that alienate and disembed users from space and place. This book argues that the exact opposite processes are observable: many different actors are consciously and habitually using digital technologies to re-embed themselves within urban space. Five case studies from cities around the world illustrate the concept of “re-placeing” by showing how different populations employ urban broadband networks, social and locative media platforms, digital navigation technologies, smart cities, and creative placemaking initiatives to reproduce abstract urban spaces as inhabited places with deep meanings and emotional attachments. Through clear and accessible language and timely narratives of everyday urban life, the author argues that a sense of place is integral to understanding contemporary relationships with digital media while highlighting our own awareness of the places where we find ourselves and where our technologies find and place us. Through ethnographic and discourse analysis of everyday digital media practices and technologies, this book expands practical and theoretical understandings of the ways urban planners envision and plan connected cities, the role of urban communities in shaping and interpreting digital architectures, and the tales of the city produced through mobile and web-based platforms. Digital connectivity is reshaping the city and the ways we navigate through it and belong within it. How this happens and the types of places we produce within these networked environments are what this book addresses.
Alnoor Bhimani (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199283361
- eISBN:
- 9780191712623
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283361.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Over the past decade, management accounting has seen changes not just within existing domains of the field but has also witnessed extensions outside its established realms of activity. Wider systemic ...
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Over the past decade, management accounting has seen changes not just within existing domains of the field but has also witnessed extensions outside its established realms of activity. Wider systemic transformations including changes in political regimes, novel conceptions of management controls, the impact of globalizing forces on commercial affairs, shifts in notions of effective knowledge management, governance and ethics, and technological advances, including the rise of broadband, have all impacted management accounting endeavours. The field is as fast changing as it has ever been. This book captures key facets of current thoughts, concerns, and issues in management accounting. The book consists of eighteen chapters. The topic areas covered in some chapters reflect established management accounting topics such as budgeting and responsibility accounting, contract theory analysis, contingency frameworks, performance measurement systems and strategic cost management which are considered within the perspective of changing concerns facing modern organizations and present day management thought. Other chapters deal with newly emerging concerns in management accounting, including network relations, integrated cost management systems, knowledge management pursuits, environmental management accounting and accounting and digitization. Each chapter encompasses discussions of basic premises complemented by insights from modern day practice, research, and thought.Less
Over the past decade, management accounting has seen changes not just within existing domains of the field but has also witnessed extensions outside its established realms of activity. Wider systemic transformations including changes in political regimes, novel conceptions of management controls, the impact of globalizing forces on commercial affairs, shifts in notions of effective knowledge management, governance and ethics, and technological advances, including the rise of broadband, have all impacted management accounting endeavours. The field is as fast changing as it has ever been. This book captures key facets of current thoughts, concerns, and issues in management accounting. The book consists of eighteen chapters. The topic areas covered in some chapters reflect established management accounting topics such as budgeting and responsibility accounting, contract theory analysis, contingency frameworks, performance measurement systems and strategic cost management which are considered within the perspective of changing concerns facing modern organizations and present day management thought. Other chapters deal with newly emerging concerns in management accounting, including network relations, integrated cost management systems, knowledge management pursuits, environmental management accounting and accounting and digitization. Each chapter encompasses discussions of basic premises complemented by insights from modern day practice, research, and thought.
Varadharajan Sridhar (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198075530
- eISBN:
- 9780199081042
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075530.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This book discusses the innovations in the telecom industry in India. It specifically describes the sub-segments of Indian telecom, providing insights into critical technology, market, and regulatory ...
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This book discusses the innovations in the telecom industry in India. It specifically describes the sub-segments of Indian telecom, providing insights into critical technology, market, and regulatory issues. It also demonstrates how the triad of technology, regulation, and policy can help optimize the critical factors for enabling growth of the sub-sector. In 1999, the revenue sharing regime was introduced for cellular mobile services and the New Telecom Policy 1999 was announced by the Government of India. From then on, it has been a dream run for telecom in the country, though with regulatory and policy fluctuations, and associated development of appropriate strategies by the concerned entities. There are innovations each minute in telecom and the industry evolves and morphs continuously.Less
This book discusses the innovations in the telecom industry in India. It specifically describes the sub-segments of Indian telecom, providing insights into critical technology, market, and regulatory issues. It also demonstrates how the triad of technology, regulation, and policy can help optimize the critical factors for enabling growth of the sub-sector. In 1999, the revenue sharing regime was introduced for cellular mobile services and the New Telecom Policy 1999 was announced by the Government of India. From then on, it has been a dream run for telecom in the country, though with regulatory and policy fluctuations, and associated development of appropriate strategies by the concerned entities. There are innovations each minute in telecom and the industry evolves and morphs continuously.
Eric Harwit
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199233748
- eISBN:
- 9780191715556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233748.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter considers several dimensions of China's Internet. It begins by examining other national models of Internet development. It then assesses the Chinese government's role in building and ...
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This chapter considers several dimensions of China's Internet. It begins by examining other national models of Internet development. It then assesses the Chinese government's role in building and managing the network, introducing Internet service companies, and overseeing the growth of mainly private content providers. While the chapter considers issues of censorship and control in a way similar to earlier studies noted above, it also highlights the dilemma the government faces of larger economic benefit in the face of potential political challenges. It details major developments in e-commerce from the 1990s to the mid-2000s. The chapter also notes the evolving demographics of network users, and assesses how ‘netizen’ profiles shaped usage patterns. It concludes that despite a desire to control Internet content, the government was firm in its intent to see the network expand and become an important part of the Chinese economy and society.Less
This chapter considers several dimensions of China's Internet. It begins by examining other national models of Internet development. It then assesses the Chinese government's role in building and managing the network, introducing Internet service companies, and overseeing the growth of mainly private content providers. While the chapter considers issues of censorship and control in a way similar to earlier studies noted above, it also highlights the dilemma the government faces of larger economic benefit in the face of potential political challenges. It details major developments in e-commerce from the 1990s to the mid-2000s. The chapter also notes the evolving demographics of network users, and assesses how ‘netizen’ profiles shaped usage patterns. It concludes that despite a desire to control Internet content, the government was firm in its intent to see the network expand and become an important part of the Chinese economy and society.
Eric Harwit
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199233748
- eISBN:
- 9780191715556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199233748.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter first puts the case of China's ‘digital divide’ in a comparative development context, and considers past studies of the importance of telecommunications spread to areas of low ...
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This chapter first puts the case of China's ‘digital divide’ in a comparative development context, and considers past studies of the importance of telecommunications spread to areas of low penetration. It then turns its attention to China, and examines the ways urban and rural communications systems have expanded over the past several decades. The chapter indicates that government leaders and institutions have goals for developing the industry that may not necessarily take into account the broader needs of all sectors of society. They have generally put revenue collection ahead of equitable access. Education officials, however, have made some progress in spreading availability of data networks. The chapter then considers newer technologies of data communication, and assesses problems related to equitable access to China's Internet. It concludes that government policies have brought somewhat mixed results, but that new technologies may help to bridge the digital divide.Less
This chapter first puts the case of China's ‘digital divide’ in a comparative development context, and considers past studies of the importance of telecommunications spread to areas of low penetration. It then turns its attention to China, and examines the ways urban and rural communications systems have expanded over the past several decades. The chapter indicates that government leaders and institutions have goals for developing the industry that may not necessarily take into account the broader needs of all sectors of society. They have generally put revenue collection ahead of equitable access. Education officials, however, have made some progress in spreading availability of data networks. The chapter then considers newer technologies of data communication, and assesses problems related to equitable access to China's Internet. It concludes that government policies have brought somewhat mixed results, but that new technologies may help to bridge the digital divide.
Steven Bauer, David Clark, and William Lehr
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823251834
- eISBN:
- 9780823268955
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251834.003.0003
- Subject:
- Information Science, Information Science
This chapter explains the importance of traffic data in providing a richer picture of the overall state of broadband networks. It begins with an overview of what traffic data is generally available ...
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This chapter explains the importance of traffic data in providing a richer picture of the overall state of broadband networks. It begins with an overview of what traffic data is generally available in networks, how this data may prove important in answering questions that are relevant to the entire community of stakeholders, and why collecting the data and making it more generally available is challenging. It then considers how data focused on broadband availability and on adoption metrics is becoming less informative as broadband penetration rises, and that network traffic data will be central to understanding and answering many of the questions relating to the health of the broadband access market. To answer these questions, it will be helpful to learn more about the distribution of usage across the user population, the characteristics of users that participate during peak periods of network congestion, and the variance in usage and how it differs by type of user. The chapter concludes with a discussion of open research questions and some of the interesting research efforts that have been initiated in recent years.Less
This chapter explains the importance of traffic data in providing a richer picture of the overall state of broadband networks. It begins with an overview of what traffic data is generally available in networks, how this data may prove important in answering questions that are relevant to the entire community of stakeholders, and why collecting the data and making it more generally available is challenging. It then considers how data focused on broadband availability and on adoption metrics is becoming less informative as broadband penetration rises, and that network traffic data will be central to understanding and answering many of the questions relating to the health of the broadband access market. To answer these questions, it will be helpful to learn more about the distribution of usage across the user population, the characteristics of users that participate during peak periods of network congestion, and the variance in usage and how it differs by type of user. The chapter concludes with a discussion of open research questions and some of the interesting research efforts that have been initiated in recent years.
Sangwon Lee and Justin S. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823251834
- eISBN:
- 9780823268955
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251834.003.0004
- Subject:
- Information Science, Information Science
This chapter focuses on the adoption factors of ubiquitous broadband that includes both fixed and mobile technologies. It first considers how both fixed and mobile broadband networks are increasingly ...
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This chapter focuses on the adoption factors of ubiquitous broadband that includes both fixed and mobile technologies. It first considers how both fixed and mobile broadband networks are increasingly recognized as indicators of the knowledge economy, and how technological innovation and higher bandwidth enable entry into the era of ubiquitous broadband access. It then emphasizes the importance of successful diffusion of fixed and mobile broadband for the provision of advanced Internet Protocol-based services such as VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) mobile television, and 4G applications. It also presents the results of regression analysis suggesting that network competition between fixed and mobile broadband, platform competition in fixed broadband markets, and the multiple standardization policy in mobile markets are all significant factors of ubiquitous broadband adoption and deployment. Finally, it discusses the moral and ethical considerations underlying the social justification for government policy promoting access to information and communication technology.Less
This chapter focuses on the adoption factors of ubiquitous broadband that includes both fixed and mobile technologies. It first considers how both fixed and mobile broadband networks are increasingly recognized as indicators of the knowledge economy, and how technological innovation and higher bandwidth enable entry into the era of ubiquitous broadband access. It then emphasizes the importance of successful diffusion of fixed and mobile broadband for the provision of advanced Internet Protocol-based services such as VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) mobile television, and 4G applications. It also presents the results of regression analysis suggesting that network competition between fixed and mobile broadband, platform competition in fixed broadband markets, and the multiple standardization policy in mobile markets are all significant factors of ubiquitous broadband adoption and deployment. Finally, it discusses the moral and ethical considerations underlying the social justification for government policy promoting access to information and communication technology.
Varadharajan Sridhar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198075530
- eISBN:
- 9780199081042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075530.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter addresses the different stages of spectrum allocation in India, including the recently concluded third-generation and broadband wireless spectrum. Auctioning scarce spectrum, de-linking ...
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This chapter addresses the different stages of spectrum allocation in India, including the recently concluded third-generation and broadband wireless spectrum. Auctioning scarce spectrum, de-linking licence from spectrum, stricter criteria for allocation of spectrum and introduction of third-generation and broadband wireless access are the four stages of management of spectrum in the country. Subscriber-based Criterion (SBC) methodology for additional spectrum allocation should be dispensed with and a market-oriented approach to spectrum allocation such as auction should be instituted. Uniformity of annual spectrum charges across all frequency bands and technologies would facilitate change of use and effective use of allocated spectrum. The Unified Access Service (UAS) allows the licensee to provide access services using non-spectrum-related technologies such as wire-line service as well. The introduction of trading/sharing/mergers needs to be accompanied by several policy measures designed to allow the process of consolidation to take place in an equitable, efficient, and transparent manner.Less
This chapter addresses the different stages of spectrum allocation in India, including the recently concluded third-generation and broadband wireless spectrum. Auctioning scarce spectrum, de-linking licence from spectrum, stricter criteria for allocation of spectrum and introduction of third-generation and broadband wireless access are the four stages of management of spectrum in the country. Subscriber-based Criterion (SBC) methodology for additional spectrum allocation should be dispensed with and a market-oriented approach to spectrum allocation such as auction should be instituted. Uniformity of annual spectrum charges across all frequency bands and technologies would facilitate change of use and effective use of allocated spectrum. The Unified Access Service (UAS) allows the licensee to provide access services using non-spectrum-related technologies such as wire-line service as well. The introduction of trading/sharing/mergers needs to be accompanied by several policy measures designed to allow the process of consolidation to take place in an equitable, efficient, and transparent manner.
Varadharajan Sridhar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198075530
- eISBN:
- 9780199081042
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075530.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter explores in detail the Internet service evolution in India starting with the erstwhile monopoly provisioning by the government operator. It explains the restrictions on Internet service ...
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This chapter explores in detail the Internet service evolution in India starting with the erstwhile monopoly provisioning by the government operator. It explains the restrictions on Internet service provisioning and the development in the broadband infrastructure in the country and the associated policy initiatives. The Basic Telecom Operators (BTOs) had an edge over the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in providing bundled Internet services. As per the ISP guidelines, the Internet Telephony Service Providers (ITSPs) were not allowed to deploy media gateways in India due to restricted internet telephony. In India, the National Internet Exchange of India resolves domain name disputes involving the in domain. Restrictions in the form of network neutrality may prevent deployment and further adoption of wireless broadband and mobile Internet. Internet access through the broadband network is still very limited in India. It is hoped that Internet services in India will pick up in the coming years.Less
This chapter explores in detail the Internet service evolution in India starting with the erstwhile monopoly provisioning by the government operator. It explains the restrictions on Internet service provisioning and the development in the broadband infrastructure in the country and the associated policy initiatives. The Basic Telecom Operators (BTOs) had an edge over the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in providing bundled Internet services. As per the ISP guidelines, the Internet Telephony Service Providers (ITSPs) were not allowed to deploy media gateways in India due to restricted internet telephony. In India, the National Internet Exchange of India resolves domain name disputes involving the in domain. Restrictions in the form of network neutrality may prevent deployment and further adoption of wireless broadband and mobile Internet. Internet access through the broadband network is still very limited in India. It is hoped that Internet services in India will pick up in the coming years.
Michael Tracey
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198159254
- eISBN:
- 9780191673573
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159254.003.0014
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
The most obvious evidence of troubled times is the stark fact that governments, in country after country, have introduced new policies which at a minimum make life difficult for the public ...
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The most obvious evidence of troubled times is the stark fact that governments, in country after country, have introduced new policies which at a minimum make life difficult for the public broadcaster. Equally worrying is the case when public broadcasters act as gravediggers to their own funeral by acknowledging in almost welcoming terms that their share of total viewing will inevitably dwindle. The decade prior to the publication of this book was, for the reasons already explained, truly awful for the public broadcasting community. A conclusion then can be drawn about the new communications. Its very nature constitutes a fundamental taking apart of that sense of the collective which is a precondition for the continuity of public service broadcasting. It is a concept which is perhaps better ‘felt’ than articulated. A sense of the corrosive influence of the main currents of popular culture and a broadband culture can and will do nothing but encourage these tendencies.Less
The most obvious evidence of troubled times is the stark fact that governments, in country after country, have introduced new policies which at a minimum make life difficult for the public broadcaster. Equally worrying is the case when public broadcasters act as gravediggers to their own funeral by acknowledging in almost welcoming terms that their share of total viewing will inevitably dwindle. The decade prior to the publication of this book was, for the reasons already explained, truly awful for the public broadcasting community. A conclusion then can be drawn about the new communications. Its very nature constitutes a fundamental taking apart of that sense of the collective which is a precondition for the continuity of public service broadcasting. It is a concept which is perhaps better ‘felt’ than articulated. A sense of the corrosive influence of the main currents of popular culture and a broadband culture can and will do nothing but encourage these tendencies.
William Lehr
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029407
- eISBN:
- 9780262331166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029407.003.0003
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Programming Languages
The Internet is evolving from a best-effort, unregulated, data transport network overlaid on the legacy telephone network (or PSTN) into the global platform (the new PSTN) for a much more complex ...
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The Internet is evolving from a best-effort, unregulated, data transport network overlaid on the legacy telephone network (or PSTN) into the global platform (the new PSTN) for a much more complex array of computing, storage and data transport services (the Internet Cloud). Policymakers confront numerous questions in crafting an appropriate market-based regulatory framework to protect the public interest with respect to the Internet's new role as essential socio-economic infrastructure. This chapter discusses the technical, business, and policy trends driving this transition, with special focus on the complex challenge of ensuring reliability in the Internet cloud.Less
The Internet is evolving from a best-effort, unregulated, data transport network overlaid on the legacy telephone network (or PSTN) into the global platform (the new PSTN) for a much more complex array of computing, storage and data transport services (the Internet Cloud). Policymakers confront numerous questions in crafting an appropriate market-based regulatory framework to protect the public interest with respect to the Internet's new role as essential socio-economic infrastructure. This chapter discusses the technical, business, and policy trends driving this transition, with special focus on the complex challenge of ensuring reliability in the Internet cloud.
Peter F. Cowhey and Jonathan D. Aronson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262012850
- eISBN:
- 9780262255066
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012850.001.0001
- Subject:
- Information Science, Communications
Innovation in information and communication technology (ICT) fuels the growth of the global economy. How ICT markets evolve depends on politics and policy, and since the 1950s, periodic overhauls of ...
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Innovation in information and communication technology (ICT) fuels the growth of the global economy. How ICT markets evolve depends on politics and policy, and since the 1950s, periodic overhauls of ICT policy have transformed competition and innovation. For example, in the 1980s and the 1990s, a revolution in communication policy (the introduction of sweeping competition) also transformed the information market. Today, the diffusion of Internet, wireless, and broadband technology; growing modularity in the design of technologies; distributed computing infrastructures; and rapidly changing business models signal another shift. This pathbreaking examination of ICT from a political economy perspective argues that continued rapid innovation and economic growth require new approaches in global governance which will reconcile diverse interests and enable competition to flourish. The authors (two of whom were architects of international ICT policy reforms in the 1990s) discuss this crucial turning point in both theoretical and practical terms.Less
Innovation in information and communication technology (ICT) fuels the growth of the global economy. How ICT markets evolve depends on politics and policy, and since the 1950s, periodic overhauls of ICT policy have transformed competition and innovation. For example, in the 1980s and the 1990s, a revolution in communication policy (the introduction of sweeping competition) also transformed the information market. Today, the diffusion of Internet, wireless, and broadband technology; growing modularity in the design of technologies; distributed computing infrastructures; and rapidly changing business models signal another shift. This pathbreaking examination of ICT from a political economy perspective argues that continued rapid innovation and economic growth require new approaches in global governance which will reconcile diverse interests and enable competition to flourish. The authors (two of whom were architects of international ICT policy reforms in the 1990s) discuss this crucial turning point in both theoretical and practical terms.
Dal Yong Jin
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262014762
- eISBN:
- 9780262289511
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014762.001.0001
- Subject:
- Computer Science, Game Studies
In South Korea, online gaming is a cultural phenomenon. Games are broadcast on television, professional gamers are celebrities, and youth culture is often identified with online gaming. Uniquely in ...
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In South Korea, online gaming is a cultural phenomenon. Games are broadcast on television, professional gamers are celebrities, and youth culture is often identified with online gaming. Uniquely in the online games market, Korea not only dominates the local market but has also made its mark globally. This book examines the rapid growth of this industry from a political economy perspective, discussing it in social, cultural, and economic terms. Korea has the largest percentage of broadband subscribers of any country in the world, and Koreans spend increasing amounts of time and money on Internet-based games. Online gaming has become a mode of socializing—a channel for human relationships. The Korean online game industry has been a pioneer in software development and eSports (electronic sports and leagues). The book discusses the policies of the Korean government that encouraged the development of online gaming both as a cutting-edge business and as a cultural touchstone; the impact of economic globalization; the relationship between online games and Korean society; and the future of the industry. It examines the rise of Korean online games in the global marketplace, the emergence of eSport as a youth culture phenomenon, the working conditions of professional gamers, the role of game fans as consumers, how Korea’s local online game industry has become global, and whether these emerging firms have challenged the West’s dominance in global markets.Less
In South Korea, online gaming is a cultural phenomenon. Games are broadcast on television, professional gamers are celebrities, and youth culture is often identified with online gaming. Uniquely in the online games market, Korea not only dominates the local market but has also made its mark globally. This book examines the rapid growth of this industry from a political economy perspective, discussing it in social, cultural, and economic terms. Korea has the largest percentage of broadband subscribers of any country in the world, and Koreans spend increasing amounts of time and money on Internet-based games. Online gaming has become a mode of socializing—a channel for human relationships. The Korean online game industry has been a pioneer in software development and eSports (electronic sports and leagues). The book discusses the policies of the Korean government that encouraged the development of online gaming both as a cutting-edge business and as a cultural touchstone; the impact of economic globalization; the relationship between online games and Korean society; and the future of the industry. It examines the rise of Korean online games in the global marketplace, the emergence of eSport as a youth culture phenomenon, the working conditions of professional gamers, the role of game fans as consumers, how Korea’s local online game industry has become global, and whether these emerging firms have challenged the West’s dominance in global markets.
Jordi Gual and Sandra Jódar-Rosell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199566358
- eISBN:
- 9780191722790
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566358.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare, International
This chapter provides a review of the telecommunications policy of the European Union. It discusses the motivations for the Commission's regulatory choices and provides some evidence on their ...
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This chapter provides a review of the telecommunications policy of the European Union. It discusses the motivations for the Commission's regulatory choices and provides some evidence on their performance. It finds that the outcome of the first regulatory period varied significantly between member states, reflecting the numerous implementation choices that were left at their consideration. The recent reform of the regulation addresses some of the past shortcomings, placing competition policy at the heart of the new regulatory framework. In so doing, the Commission intends to implement an evolving framework, in line with the convergence process, and a consistent application of rules across countries. Nevertheless, the new framework still poses some risks for technological neutrality.Less
This chapter provides a review of the telecommunications policy of the European Union. It discusses the motivations for the Commission's regulatory choices and provides some evidence on their performance. It finds that the outcome of the first regulatory period varied significantly between member states, reflecting the numerous implementation choices that were left at their consideration. The recent reform of the regulation addresses some of the past shortcomings, placing competition policy at the heart of the new regulatory framework. In so doing, the Commission intends to implement an evolving framework, in line with the convergence process, and a consistent application of rules across countries. Nevertheless, the new framework still poses some risks for technological neutrality.
Catherine Middleton
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823251834
- eISBN:
- 9780823268955
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251834.003.0001
- Subject:
- Information Science, Information Science
This chapter considers what needs to be measured when it comes to Internet and broadband access and how to measure it. Around the world, claims that broadband infrastructure is central to the ...
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This chapter considers what needs to be measured when it comes to Internet and broadband access and how to measure it. Around the world, claims that broadband infrastructure is central to the development of the knowledge economy are becoming indisputable. However, a gap exists between the discourses linking broadband deployment with the development of a knowledge-based society and the ability to deliver the desired outcomes. The chapter assesses existing information society measures like the International Telecommunication Union's ICT Development Index and the World Economic Forum's Networked Readiness Index, suggesting that while they provide a useful starting point for comparing national information and communications technology (ICT) indicators, they fail to offer sufficiently detailed metrics upon which to formulate policy related to the development and use of broadband networks. It proposes more nuanced approaches to understanding whether, and how, citizens actually benefit from access to broadband technologies, and offers suggestions for the development of new, policy-relevant metrics of ICT usage.Less
This chapter considers what needs to be measured when it comes to Internet and broadband access and how to measure it. Around the world, claims that broadband infrastructure is central to the development of the knowledge economy are becoming indisputable. However, a gap exists between the discourses linking broadband deployment with the development of a knowledge-based society and the ability to deliver the desired outcomes. The chapter assesses existing information society measures like the International Telecommunication Union's ICT Development Index and the World Economic Forum's Networked Readiness Index, suggesting that while they provide a useful starting point for comparing national information and communications technology (ICT) indicators, they fail to offer sufficiently detailed metrics upon which to formulate policy related to the development and use of broadband networks. It proposes more nuanced approaches to understanding whether, and how, citizens actually benefit from access to broadband technologies, and offers suggestions for the development of new, policy-relevant metrics of ICT usage.
Jorge Reina Schement
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823251834
- eISBN:
- 9780823268955
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251834.003.0006
- Subject:
- Information Science, Information Science
This chapter discusses access to broadband services within the context of democracy. It argues that the roots of information policy can be found in the implied social contract between governments and ...
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This chapter discusses access to broadband services within the context of democracy. It argues that the roots of information policy can be found in the implied social contract between governments and the governed and describes a new social contract relevant for the information age. It begins with an overview of the tradition of access to communication within the American commitment to the trinity of opportunity, participation and prosperity, followed by a discussion of the goals of Universal Service policy mandated by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. It then considers the 4 Cs of access that allow communities to exploit the benefits of broadband access: connectivity, capability, content, and context. It also examines trends in household broadband adoption in the United States and proposed remedies for connecting a large population. Finally, it assesses the implications of universal service policy for policy makers.Less
This chapter discusses access to broadband services within the context of democracy. It argues that the roots of information policy can be found in the implied social contract between governments and the governed and describes a new social contract relevant for the information age. It begins with an overview of the tradition of access to communication within the American commitment to the trinity of opportunity, participation and prosperity, followed by a discussion of the goals of Universal Service policy mandated by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. It then considers the 4 Cs of access that allow communities to exploit the benefits of broadband access: connectivity, capability, content, and context. It also examines trends in household broadband adoption in the United States and proposed remedies for connecting a large population. Finally, it assesses the implications of universal service policy for policy makers.
Amit M. Schejter
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823251834
- eISBN:
- 9780823268955
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251834.003.0007
- Subject:
- Information Science, Information Science
This chapter denounces the hypercommercialization of the information network and its control by private interests using the marketplace metaphor. It argues that government policy should adopt a ...
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This chapter denounces the hypercommercialization of the information network and its control by private interests using the marketplace metaphor. It argues that government policy should adopt a justice-based metaphor instead, and focus on quantifying the amount of democratic opportunity created, after reaching consensus on the definition of democratic participation. The chapter begins with an overview of broadband Internet within the context of democracy and its importance in the promotion of social and democratic goals before offering an alternative theoretical framework for evaluating the “success” of broadband policy and creating a measure for “democratic capacity.” It then introduces a vision of broadband as an essential facilitator of democratic discourse and considers some recent attempts made by governments to rethink “development” in non-economic terms. Finally, it discusses the non-economic goals set by the National Broadband Plan in comparison with its quantifiable goals.Less
This chapter denounces the hypercommercialization of the information network and its control by private interests using the marketplace metaphor. It argues that government policy should adopt a justice-based metaphor instead, and focus on quantifying the amount of democratic opportunity created, after reaching consensus on the definition of democratic participation. The chapter begins with an overview of broadband Internet within the context of democracy and its importance in the promotion of social and democratic goals before offering an alternative theoretical framework for evaluating the “success” of broadband policy and creating a measure for “democratic capacity.” It then introduces a vision of broadband as an essential facilitator of democratic discourse and considers some recent attempts made by governments to rethink “development” in non-economic terms. Finally, it discusses the non-economic goals set by the National Broadband Plan in comparison with its quantifiable goals.
Suresh Kotha and Sandip Basu
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199590179
- eISBN:
- 9780191724893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590179.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business
In this chapter, Suresh Kotha and Sandip Basu describe the effects of recent technological changes on retailing, in particular the development of the Internet and of overnight delivery services. The ...
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In this chapter, Suresh Kotha and Sandip Basu describe the effects of recent technological changes on retailing, in particular the development of the Internet and of overnight delivery services. The Internet and online retailing have given rise to new retailing formats for selling traditional products, such as in the case of Amazon.com and books. In addition, these new technologies have generated new forms of market making. One of the best and most successful examples is eBay.com, which brings together millions of buyers and sellers in a cyber marketplace. Online shopping has also impacted on incumbent retailers, whether they see the Internet as just another marketing channel or a new approach to retailing. Some existing retailers, such as Wal-Mart, are trying largely to use an online presence to leverage their physical assets, but that could change in the future. Online retailers are still in the process of discovering what works and what does not, although it appears that the current global recession has substantially increased people’s willingness to buy and sell online. Broadband connectivity has given a major boost to online retailing. The next stage, just beginning to emerge, may be global online retailing. Finally, the easy availability of information on the Internet, especially with the development of sophisticated search engines, such as Google, has helped create more knowledgeable consumers. Even if they do not buy online, by using the Internet, many consumers now are much better informed than in the past. When potential customers who have searched on the Internet come into automobile dealerships, for instance, they may literally know as much about the car models and pricing as the salesperson.Less
In this chapter, Suresh Kotha and Sandip Basu describe the effects of recent technological changes on retailing, in particular the development of the Internet and of overnight delivery services. The Internet and online retailing have given rise to new retailing formats for selling traditional products, such as in the case of Amazon.com and books. In addition, these new technologies have generated new forms of market making. One of the best and most successful examples is eBay.com, which brings together millions of buyers and sellers in a cyber marketplace. Online shopping has also impacted on incumbent retailers, whether they see the Internet as just another marketing channel or a new approach to retailing. Some existing retailers, such as Wal-Mart, are trying largely to use an online presence to leverage their physical assets, but that could change in the future. Online retailers are still in the process of discovering what works and what does not, although it appears that the current global recession has substantially increased people’s willingness to buy and sell online. Broadband connectivity has given a major boost to online retailing. The next stage, just beginning to emerge, may be global online retailing. Finally, the easy availability of information on the Internet, especially with the development of sophisticated search engines, such as Google, has helped create more knowledgeable consumers. Even if they do not buy online, by using the Internet, many consumers now are much better informed than in the past. When potential customers who have searched on the Internet come into automobile dealerships, for instance, they may literally know as much about the car models and pricing as the salesperson.
Daniel C. O'Neill
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9789888455966
- eISBN:
- 9789888455461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888455966.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter first provides an overview of the history of Sino-Philippine relations, noting the strong improvement during Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s term as president from 2001-2010. It uses each ...
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This chapter first provides an overview of the history of Sino-Philippine relations, noting the strong improvement during Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s term as president from 2001-2010. It uses each president’s annual State of the Nation Address (SONA) as well as data on the number of state visits to and from China to illustrate the relative strength of these relations over time. The chapter then provides evidence that, despite much closer relations with the Arroyo administration, major investments from China agreed to by Arroyo were halted due to strong domestic opposition. Given the Philippine’s relatively democratic institutions, opposition in the courts, the legislature, the media, and civil society was able to force the administration to halt these Chinese projects and end efforts at cooperation between the two governments in the South China Sea. The chapter also presents the Philippines case against Chinese claims and activities in the South China Sea before the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, which the Philippines instituted partially due to the inability of ASEAN to act collectively regarding the disputes. It concludes by noting efforts of Rodrigo Duterte’s administration to improve relations with China but suggests that these too may be hampered by domestic political opposition.Less
This chapter first provides an overview of the history of Sino-Philippine relations, noting the strong improvement during Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s term as president from 2001-2010. It uses each president’s annual State of the Nation Address (SONA) as well as data on the number of state visits to and from China to illustrate the relative strength of these relations over time. The chapter then provides evidence that, despite much closer relations with the Arroyo administration, major investments from China agreed to by Arroyo were halted due to strong domestic opposition. Given the Philippine’s relatively democratic institutions, opposition in the courts, the legislature, the media, and civil society was able to force the administration to halt these Chinese projects and end efforts at cooperation between the two governments in the South China Sea. The chapter also presents the Philippines case against Chinese claims and activities in the South China Sea before the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, which the Philippines instituted partially due to the inability of ASEAN to act collectively regarding the disputes. It concludes by noting efforts of Rodrigo Duterte’s administration to improve relations with China but suggests that these too may be hampered by domestic political opposition.
Omneia Helmy
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789774164941
- eISBN:
- 9781617971068
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774164941.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter presents the recent developments in the ICT sector and asserts that it could be an important driver of economic growth in Egypt's real GDP, employment, investment, international trade, ...
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This chapter presents the recent developments in the ICT sector and asserts that it could be an important driver of economic growth in Egypt's real GDP, employment, investment, international trade, and government revenues.Less
This chapter presents the recent developments in the ICT sector and asserts that it could be an important driver of economic growth in Egypt's real GDP, employment, investment, international trade, and government revenues.
