Iris Marion Young
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195161922
- eISBN:
- 9780199786664
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195161920.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
These essays describe diverse aspects of women’s lived body experience in modern Western societies. They combine theoretical description of experience with normative evaluation of the unjust ...
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These essays describe diverse aspects of women’s lived body experience in modern Western societies. They combine theoretical description of experience with normative evaluation of the unjust constraints on freedom and opportunity that continue to burden many women. The lead essay rethinks the purpose of the category of “gender” for feminist theory, after important debates have questioned its usefulness. Other essays include reflection on the meaning of being at home and the need for privacy in old age residencies. Aspects of the experience of women and girls that have received little attention even in feminist theory are analyzed, such as the sexuality of breasts, or menstruation as punctuation in a woman’s life story. The phenomenology of moving in a pregnant body and the tactile pleasures of clothing are also considered.Less
These essays describe diverse aspects of women’s lived body experience in modern Western societies. They combine theoretical description of experience with normative evaluation of the unjust constraints on freedom and opportunity that continue to burden many women. The lead essay rethinks the purpose of the category of “gender” for feminist theory, after important debates have questioned its usefulness. Other essays include reflection on the meaning of being at home and the need for privacy in old age residencies. Aspects of the experience of women and girls that have received little attention even in feminist theory are analyzed, such as the sexuality of breasts, or menstruation as punctuation in a woman’s life story. The phenomenology of moving in a pregnant body and the tactile pleasures of clothing are also considered.
Debra L. Dodson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780198296744
- eISBN:
- 9780191603709
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296746.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Women’s health policy united women across party lines in the 103rd and yielded numerous victories. These successes continued a trend established in earlier Congresses and, relatively speaking, would ...
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Women’s health policy united women across party lines in the 103rd and yielded numerous victories. These successes continued a trend established in earlier Congresses and, relatively speaking, would not come under attack in the 104th when almost every other political gain previously made by women was vulnerable. As such, juxtaposition of women’s health case studies with the reproductive rights case studies allows us to go once again beyond the simple question of ‘Do women make a difference?’ to explore not only how the confluence of individual, institutional, and cultural factors gives meaning to gender and shapes the probabilistic relationship between descriptive and substantive representation of women over time and across policy areas, but also to suggest strategies for advancing substantive representation regardless of women’s proportional presence. The results illustrate the value of diversity and suggest strategies that can sustain unity amid diversity. They suggest that in addition to increasing women’s presence, substantive representation of women will be facilitated by raising the gender consciousness of women in the mass public, by reinforcing awareness (and fear) of the gender gap, and by women’s advancement within the institutional hierarchy. In short, even with a ‘mom and apple pie’ issue, making a difference requires efforts by women inside the Congress to put matters on the agenda and the mobilization of women outside the institution to give legitimacy and political teeth to demands that challenge masculinist values.Less
Women’s health policy united women across party lines in the 103rd and yielded numerous victories. These successes continued a trend established in earlier Congresses and, relatively speaking, would not come under attack in the 104th when almost every other political gain previously made by women was vulnerable. As such, juxtaposition of women’s health case studies with the reproductive rights case studies allows us to go once again beyond the simple question of ‘Do women make a difference?’ to explore not only how the confluence of individual, institutional, and cultural factors gives meaning to gender and shapes the probabilistic relationship between descriptive and substantive representation of women over time and across policy areas, but also to suggest strategies for advancing substantive representation regardless of women’s proportional presence. The results illustrate the value of diversity and suggest strategies that can sustain unity amid diversity. They suggest that in addition to increasing women’s presence, substantive representation of women will be facilitated by raising the gender consciousness of women in the mass public, by reinforcing awareness (and fear) of the gender gap, and by women’s advancement within the institutional hierarchy. In short, even with a ‘mom and apple pie’ issue, making a difference requires efforts by women inside the Congress to put matters on the agenda and the mobilization of women outside the institution to give legitimacy and political teeth to demands that challenge masculinist values.
Mary Briody Mahowald
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195176179
- eISBN:
- 9780199786558
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195176170.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
Cases illustrating variables that arise in the health care of women who are HIV positive or have AIDS, women with breast or gynecological cancer, and the use of hormone replacement therapy for ...
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Cases illustrating variables that arise in the health care of women who are HIV positive or have AIDS, women with breast or gynecological cancer, and the use of hormone replacement therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms are presented. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of women as patients.Less
Cases illustrating variables that arise in the health care of women who are HIV positive or have AIDS, women with breast or gynecological cancer, and the use of hormone replacement therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms are presented. For each topic, empirical and theoretical factors are discussed from an “egalitarian perspective” that imputes privileged status to the standpoint of women as patients.
Thomas R. Nevin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195307214
- eISBN:
- 9780199785032
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195307216.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter focuses on the life of Thérèse's mother, Zélie, who died of breast cancer. She was an inspiration to Thérèse who, within Carmel, had not only the maternal load of training novices but ...
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This chapter focuses on the life of Thérèse's mother, Zélie, who died of breast cancer. She was an inspiration to Thérèse who, within Carmel, had not only the maternal load of training novices but undertook on her own to approach and deal with a few Carmelites who were standoffish or unsociable. Zélie continued posthumously as mother to Thérèse through the stories Thérèse heard and the saved letters she read while writing her first manuscript.Less
This chapter focuses on the life of Thérèse's mother, Zélie, who died of breast cancer. She was an inspiration to Thérèse who, within Carmel, had not only the maternal load of training novices but undertook on her own to approach and deal with a few Carmelites who were standoffish or unsociable. Zélie continued posthumously as mother to Thérèse through the stories Thérèse heard and the saved letters she read while writing her first manuscript.
Frank Graziano
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195171303
- eISBN:
- 9780199785193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171303.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
This chapter explores the devotion to Difunta Correa, a prominent folk saint in western Argentina. It examines myth development, particularly in relation to Difunta Correa’s miraculous breast; ...
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This chapter explores the devotion to Difunta Correa, a prominent folk saint in western Argentina. It examines myth development, particularly in relation to Difunta Correa’s miraculous breast; religious tourism; penance; relation to the Catholic Church; and contemporary devotion to Difunta Correa at her shrine complex in San Juan.Less
This chapter explores the devotion to Difunta Correa, a prominent folk saint in western Argentina. It examines myth development, particularly in relation to Difunta Correa’s miraculous breast; religious tourism; penance; relation to the Catholic Church; and contemporary devotion to Difunta Correa at her shrine complex in San Juan.
Iris Marion Young
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195161922
- eISBN:
- 9780199786664
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195161920.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This essay explores some aspects of the cultural construction of breasts in a male-dominated society, seeking a positive women’s voice for breasted experience. It begins with a discussion of the ...
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This essay explores some aspects of the cultural construction of breasts in a male-dominated society, seeking a positive women’s voice for breasted experience. It begins with a discussion of the dominant culture’s objectification of breasts. Relying on Irigaray’s suggestive ideas about women’s sexuality and an alternative metaphysics not constructed around the concept of object, an experience of breast movement and sensitivity from the point of view of the female subject is presented. It asks how women’s breasts might be experienced in the absence of an objectifying male gaze, and discusses how breasts are a scandal for patriarchy because they disrupt the border between motherhood and sexuality. Finally, the question of objectification is revisited through reflections on a woman’s encounter with the surgeon’s knife at her breast.Less
This essay explores some aspects of the cultural construction of breasts in a male-dominated society, seeking a positive women’s voice for breasted experience. It begins with a discussion of the dominant culture’s objectification of breasts. Relying on Irigaray’s suggestive ideas about women’s sexuality and an alternative metaphysics not constructed around the concept of object, an experience of breast movement and sensitivity from the point of view of the female subject is presented. It asks how women’s breasts might be experienced in the absence of an objectifying male gaze, and discusses how breasts are a scandal for patriarchy because they disrupt the border between motherhood and sexuality. Finally, the question of objectification is revisited through reflections on a woman’s encounter with the surgeon’s knife at her breast.
Diana Kuh and Rebecca Hardy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780192632890
- eISBN:
- 9780191723629
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192632890.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
How far is the health of middle-aged and older women shaped by biological, social, and psychological processes that begin in pre-natal development, childhood, adolescence, or early adult life? Do ...
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How far is the health of middle-aged and older women shaped by biological, social, and psychological processes that begin in pre-natal development, childhood, adolescence, or early adult life? Do health risks gradually accumulate over the life course or do experiences as a child and young adult have interactive effects on health in midlife and beyond? Are women now reaching middle age in better health than those from previous generations? This book reviews the latest scientific evidence on biological and social factors at each stage of life that have long-term effects on reproductive outcomes, breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, musculoskeletal ageing, depression, body weight, and body dissatisfaction. There is growing evidence that the sources of risk to physical and mental health occur across the course of life, not just in adult life, and in some instances reach right back to pre-natal development, or the previous generation. Contributors in this book draw on their varied expertise in epidemiology, endocrinology, physiology, developmental psychology, sociology, and anthropology to identify the pathways that link early life experiences, reproductive events, adult lifestyle and lifetime socio-economic circumstances to later health. This book looks for connections between development and ageing, and between the childhood and adult social environment.Less
How far is the health of middle-aged and older women shaped by biological, social, and psychological processes that begin in pre-natal development, childhood, adolescence, or early adult life? Do health risks gradually accumulate over the life course or do experiences as a child and young adult have interactive effects on health in midlife and beyond? Are women now reaching middle age in better health than those from previous generations? This book reviews the latest scientific evidence on biological and social factors at each stage of life that have long-term effects on reproductive outcomes, breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, musculoskeletal ageing, depression, body weight, and body dissatisfaction. There is growing evidence that the sources of risk to physical and mental health occur across the course of life, not just in adult life, and in some instances reach right back to pre-natal development, or the previous generation. Contributors in this book draw on their varied expertise in epidemiology, endocrinology, physiology, developmental psychology, sociology, and anthropology to identify the pathways that link early life experiences, reproductive events, adult lifestyle and lifetime socio-economic circumstances to later health. This book looks for connections between development and ageing, and between the childhood and adult social environment.
A. C. Davison, Yadolah Dodge, and N. Wermuth (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198566540
- eISBN:
- 9780191718038
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566540.001.0001
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
Sir David Cox is among the most important statisticians of the past half-century, making pioneering and highly influential contributions to a wide range of topics in statistics and applied ...
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Sir David Cox is among the most important statisticians of the past half-century, making pioneering and highly influential contributions to a wide range of topics in statistics and applied probability. This book contains summaries of the invited talks at a meeting held at the University of Neuchâtel in July 2004 to celebrate David Cox’s 80th birthday. The chapters describe current developments across a wide range of topics, ranging from statistical theory and methods, through applied probability and modelling, to applications in areas including finance, epidemiology, hydrology, medicine, and social science. The book contains chapters by numerous well-known statisticians. It provides a summary of current thinking across a wide front by leading statistical thinkers.Less
Sir David Cox is among the most important statisticians of the past half-century, making pioneering and highly influential contributions to a wide range of topics in statistics and applied probability. This book contains summaries of the invited talks at a meeting held at the University of Neuchâtel in July 2004 to celebrate David Cox’s 80th birthday. The chapters describe current developments across a wide range of topics, ranging from statistical theory and methods, through applied probability and modelling, to applications in areas including finance, epidemiology, hydrology, medicine, and social science. The book contains chapters by numerous well-known statisticians. It provides a summary of current thinking across a wide front by leading statistical thinkers.
Margaret Lock
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691149783
- eISBN:
- 9781400848461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691149783.003.0008
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter begins with a brief consideration of the anthropological literature on divination. This is followed by a condensed discussion composed primarily of ethnographic research findings about ...
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This chapter begins with a brief consideration of the anthropological literature on divination. This is followed by a condensed discussion composed primarily of ethnographic research findings about the responses of individuals and their families to genetic testing for single gene disorders such as Huntington disease and to genetic testing for breast cancer. Throughout the analysis, the concepts of genetic body, geneticization, and biosociality are introduced. The chapter also presents an account of a National Institutes of Health randomized trial carried out with individuals whose families have one or more members diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD), and who have undergone genotyping for the susceptibility gene APOE. The findings in this account represent the first extensive analysis of the responses of individuals undergoing testing for a susceptibility gene.Less
This chapter begins with a brief consideration of the anthropological literature on divination. This is followed by a condensed discussion composed primarily of ethnographic research findings about the responses of individuals and their families to genetic testing for single gene disorders such as Huntington disease and to genetic testing for breast cancer. Throughout the analysis, the concepts of genetic body, geneticization, and biosociality are introduced. The chapter also presents an account of a National Institutes of Health randomized trial carried out with individuals whose families have one or more members diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD), and who have undergone genotyping for the susceptibility gene APOE. The findings in this account represent the first extensive analysis of the responses of individuals undergoing testing for a susceptibility gene.
Sara Booth (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198530756
- eISBN:
- 9780191730481
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198530756.001.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This is the fourth volume in an international, multi-contributed series aimed at providing practical, clinical guidance on how to deal with difficult symptoms related to specific cancer sites. In it, ...
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This is the fourth volume in an international, multi-contributed series aimed at providing practical, clinical guidance on how to deal with difficult symptoms related to specific cancer sites. In it, the editors bring together palliative care with oncological treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer. The book is presented in a user-friendly handbook format, with the use of tables and algorithms to ensure that it is portable, accessible, and can be read and referred to on, or before going to, the ward, or before a domiciliary visit. Specialists in palliative care and oncology settings, working in the acute sector and in hospices, will find the book useful. It will also appeal to consultants as well as specialist registrars, clinical nurse specialists, and nurse practitioners in palliative care and oncology. The Palliative Care Consultations series is primarily aimed at individuals working in an acute hospital cancer centre and/or tertiary referral centre. The books are designed to give the busy clinician advice on clinical problems, both those rarely encountered and those that are very common but difficult. The volumes are site-specific and each encompasses a review of oncological or haemato-oncological management of advanced disease with symptom-control advice.Less
This is the fourth volume in an international, multi-contributed series aimed at providing practical, clinical guidance on how to deal with difficult symptoms related to specific cancer sites. In it, the editors bring together palliative care with oncological treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer. The book is presented in a user-friendly handbook format, with the use of tables and algorithms to ensure that it is portable, accessible, and can be read and referred to on, or before going to, the ward, or before a domiciliary visit. Specialists in palliative care and oncology settings, working in the acute sector and in hospices, will find the book useful. It will also appeal to consultants as well as specialist registrars, clinical nurse specialists, and nurse practitioners in palliative care and oncology. The Palliative Care Consultations series is primarily aimed at individuals working in an acute hospital cancer centre and/or tertiary referral centre. The books are designed to give the busy clinician advice on clinical problems, both those rarely encountered and those that are very common but difficult. The volumes are site-specific and each encompasses a review of oncological or haemato-oncological management of advanced disease with symptom-control advice.
Günter P. Wagner
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691156460
- eISBN:
- 9781400851461
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691156460.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter deals with amniote skin characters such as scales, feathers, and hair. One of the key novelties of vertebrates is their skin. Vertebrate skin is unique among metazoans in at least two ...
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This chapter deals with amniote skin characters such as scales, feathers, and hair. One of the key novelties of vertebrates is their skin. Vertebrate skin is unique among metazoans in at least two respects. First, vertebrates are the only phylum for which the body is completely covered by a multilayered epidermal cover. Second, the vertebrate skin is a composite structure comprising the epidermis and the dermis. The chapter first examines the developmental evolution of skin and skin appendages in amniotes before discussing mammalian skin derivatives including hairs and breasts. It then considers the evolution of bird skin from scales into feathers and concludes by explaining the origin of feathers.Less
This chapter deals with amniote skin characters such as scales, feathers, and hair. One of the key novelties of vertebrates is their skin. Vertebrate skin is unique among metazoans in at least two respects. First, vertebrates are the only phylum for which the body is completely covered by a multilayered epidermal cover. Second, the vertebrate skin is a composite structure comprising the epidermis and the dermis. The chapter first examines the developmental evolution of skin and skin appendages in amniotes before discussing mammalian skin derivatives including hairs and breasts. It then considers the evolution of bird skin from scales into feathers and concludes by explaining the origin of feathers.
Peter Hoskin and Wendy Makin
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192628114
- eISBN:
- 9780191730115
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192628114.003.0009
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Pain Management and Palliative Pharmacology
This chapter discusses one of the most fatal diseases common to women, breast cancer. In the United Kingdom, breast cancer is responsible for the deaths of over 15,000 annually. Over 90 per cent of ...
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This chapter discusses one of the most fatal diseases common to women, breast cancer. In the United Kingdom, breast cancer is responsible for the deaths of over 15,000 annually. Over 90 per cent of the breast carcinoma arises from the epithelium of the terminal duct and lobule. In this chapter, the emphasis is on the identifiable causes of invasive carcinoma of the breast. The chapter also provides an outline review of the treatment approaches employed in the early and late periods of the disease.Less
This chapter discusses one of the most fatal diseases common to women, breast cancer. In the United Kingdom, breast cancer is responsible for the deaths of over 15,000 annually. Over 90 per cent of the breast carcinoma arises from the epithelium of the terminal duct and lobule. In this chapter, the emphasis is on the identifiable causes of invasive carcinoma of the breast. The chapter also provides an outline review of the treatment approaches employed in the early and late periods of the disease.
Handel Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450938
- eISBN:
- 9780801466007
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450938.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
In 2009, an influential panel of medical experts ignited a controversy when they recommended that most women should not begin routine mammograms to screen for breast cancer until the age of fifty, ...
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In 2009, an influential panel of medical experts ignited a controversy when they recommended that most women should not begin routine mammograms to screen for breast cancer until the age of fifty, reversing guidelines they had issued just seven years before when they recommended forty as the optimal age to start getting mammograms. While some praised the new recommendation as sensible given the smaller benefit women under fifty derive from mammography, many women's groups, health care advocates, and individual women saw the guidelines as privileging financial considerations over women's health and a setback to decades-long efforts to reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer. This book notes that this episode was only the most recent controversy in the turbulent history of mammography since its introduction in the early 1970s. The book shows how pivotal decisions made during mammography's initial launch made it all but inevitable that the test would be contentious. It describes how, at several key points in its history, the emphasis on mammography screening as a fundamental aspect of women's preventive health care coincided with social and political developments, from the women's movement in the early 1970s to breast cancer activism in the 1980s and 1990s. At the same time, aggressive promotion of mammography made the screening tool the cornerstone of a huge new industry. The book addresses both the benefits and risks of mammography, charting debates that have weighed the early detection of aggressively malignant tumors against unnecessary treatments resulting from the identification of slow-growing and non-life-threatening cancers.Less
In 2009, an influential panel of medical experts ignited a controversy when they recommended that most women should not begin routine mammograms to screen for breast cancer until the age of fifty, reversing guidelines they had issued just seven years before when they recommended forty as the optimal age to start getting mammograms. While some praised the new recommendation as sensible given the smaller benefit women under fifty derive from mammography, many women's groups, health care advocates, and individual women saw the guidelines as privileging financial considerations over women's health and a setback to decades-long efforts to reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer. This book notes that this episode was only the most recent controversy in the turbulent history of mammography since its introduction in the early 1970s. The book shows how pivotal decisions made during mammography's initial launch made it all but inevitable that the test would be contentious. It describes how, at several key points in its history, the emphasis on mammography screening as a fundamental aspect of women's preventive health care coincided with social and political developments, from the women's movement in the early 1970s to breast cancer activism in the 1980s and 1990s. At the same time, aggressive promotion of mammography made the screening tool the cornerstone of a huge new industry. The book addresses both the benefits and risks of mammography, charting debates that have weighed the early detection of aggressively malignant tumors against unnecessary treatments resulting from the identification of slow-growing and non-life-threatening cancers.
Andrea Pusic, Rachel Bell, and Diana Harcourt
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199238361
- eISBN:
- 9780191730290
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199238361.003.0023
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine Research
Mastectomy can have devastating affects on a patient's body image, sexuality, and view of herself as a woman. The decision to have a breast reconstruction can be difficult for women who are already ...
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Mastectomy can have devastating affects on a patient's body image, sexuality, and view of herself as a woman. The decision to have a breast reconstruction can be difficult for women who are already dealing with a cancer diagnosis. The plastic surgeon plays an important role in helping patients with decision-making and needs to recognize that clear communication during consultations can impact on patient's satisfaction with the outcome of reconstruction, perhaps even more than what happens in the operating room. This chapter discusses current breast reconstruction techniques (breast implants or use of the patient's own tissue), issues surrounding the timing of reconstruction and provides some examples of helpful statements to use with patients. For non-plastic surgeons involved in the care of breast cancer patients, this information may provide a solid foundation to facilitate individual patient counselling and support. The impact of breast reconstruction on quality of life and how patient expectations may shape perceptions of outcome are also examined.Less
Mastectomy can have devastating affects on a patient's body image, sexuality, and view of herself as a woman. The decision to have a breast reconstruction can be difficult for women who are already dealing with a cancer diagnosis. The plastic surgeon plays an important role in helping patients with decision-making and needs to recognize that clear communication during consultations can impact on patient's satisfaction with the outcome of reconstruction, perhaps even more than what happens in the operating room. This chapter discusses current breast reconstruction techniques (breast implants or use of the patient's own tissue), issues surrounding the timing of reconstruction and provides some examples of helpful statements to use with patients. For non-plastic surgeons involved in the care of breast cancer patients, this information may provide a solid foundation to facilitate individual patient counselling and support. The impact of breast reconstruction on quality of life and how patient expectations may shape perceptions of outcome are also examined.
F. E. Peters
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199747467
- eISBN:
- 9780199894796
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199747467.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter flows from the proposition that critical history attempts to apply criteria of facticity to literary texts and that redaction criticism in particular looks for traces of editorial ...
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This chapter flows from the proposition that critical history attempts to apply criteria of facticity to literary texts and that redaction criticism in particular looks for traces of editorial activity — redactional fingerprints — on the work. Two cases in point: the Gospels’ Infancy Narratives dealing with Jesus’ birth and early years and the parallel passages in Muhammad’s Life concerning the Prophet’s earliest years in Mecca. Both the supernatural elements and the tendentiousness in the texts indicate that in both instances the reader is in the presence of myth and legend rather than history.Less
This chapter flows from the proposition that critical history attempts to apply criteria of facticity to literary texts and that redaction criticism in particular looks for traces of editorial activity — redactional fingerprints — on the work. Two cases in point: the Gospels’ Infancy Narratives dealing with Jesus’ birth and early years and the parallel passages in Muhammad’s Life concerning the Prophet’s earliest years in Mecca. Both the supernatural elements and the tendentiousness in the texts indicate that in both instances the reader is in the presence of myth and legend rather than history.
Martin Laird
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199267996
- eISBN:
- 9780191601576
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199267995.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
Discusses how knowledge of God works in Gregory. While God is beyond the grasp of comprehension, soul unites with God in the unknowing of faith. Faith yet gives something to the mind.
Discusses how knowledge of God works in Gregory. While God is beyond the grasp of comprehension, soul unites with God in the unknowing of faith. Faith yet gives something to the mind.
Handel Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450938
- eISBN:
- 9780801466007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450938.003.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to chronicle the often turbulent history of screening mammography since its introduction in the early 1970s. The book makes five key ...
More
This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to chronicle the often turbulent history of screening mammography since its introduction in the early 1970s. The book makes five key points. First, it shows how pivotal decisions during the initial roll-out of mammography made it all but inevitable that the test would never be far from controversy. Second, the book describes how, at several key points in its history, the establishment of a culture of mammography screening was greatly aided by concurrent social and political forces and movements. Third, the book illustrates how politics came to dominate the debate, eventually achieving primacy over science itself. Fourth, it describes the collateral economy that developed around screening.Less
This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to chronicle the often turbulent history of screening mammography since its introduction in the early 1970s. The book makes five key points. First, it shows how pivotal decisions during the initial roll-out of mammography made it all but inevitable that the test would never be far from controversy. Second, the book describes how, at several key points in its history, the establishment of a culture of mammography screening was greatly aided by concurrent social and political forces and movements. Third, the book illustrates how politics came to dominate the debate, eventually achieving primacy over science itself. Fourth, it describes the collateral economy that developed around screening.
Siân Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199560424
- eISBN:
- 9780191741814
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560424.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Cultural History
The Rolands’ only child, Eudora, is born in Amiens in 1781. Mme Roland's devotion to breast-feeding is well attested, but this chapter goes in detail into Eudora's upbringing, in which both parents ...
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The Rolands’ only child, Eudora, is born in Amiens in 1781. Mme Roland's devotion to breast-feeding is well attested, but this chapter goes in detail into Eudora's upbringing, in which both parents are deeply concerned. During his wife's long visit to Paris in 1784 Jean-Marie cares for the child as his many unpublished letters relate. The couple try to handle childcare and their daughter's education while both are busy in writing and research, a dilemma faced by academic couples in later ages.Less
The Rolands’ only child, Eudora, is born in Amiens in 1781. Mme Roland's devotion to breast-feeding is well attested, but this chapter goes in detail into Eudora's upbringing, in which both parents are deeply concerned. During his wife's long visit to Paris in 1784 Jean-Marie cares for the child as his many unpublished letters relate. The couple try to handle childcare and their daughter's education while both are busy in writing and research, a dilemma faced by academic couples in later ages.
Sheila Delany
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109887
- eISBN:
- 9780199855216
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109887.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
The chapter discusses the lives of the last three saints in Bokenham's Legendary—St. Lucy, St. Agatha, and St. Elizabeth. In this grouping, symbolisms of the breast, genital, and gut as they relate ...
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The chapter discusses the lives of the last three saints in Bokenham's Legendary—St. Lucy, St. Agatha, and St. Elizabeth. In this grouping, symbolisms of the breast, genital, and gut as they relate to the lives of the martyrs in focus are discussed in detail. In these narratives, Bokenham uses grotesque imagery to sever base fetishes from the body and replaces them with a functional, cleansing connection to a Christian imperative. Aside from achieving immortality in spirit and in writing, the chapter also acknowledges the generative quality of sainthood in that it is also believed capable of imbuing its devotees with the same spiritual grace. That the subjects of the narrative are women also allude to this “creative” force. In the concluding sections, the chapter cites various symbolisms and influences in Bokenham's work that exhibit his Augustinian beliefs and roots.Less
The chapter discusses the lives of the last three saints in Bokenham's Legendary—St. Lucy, St. Agatha, and St. Elizabeth. In this grouping, symbolisms of the breast, genital, and gut as they relate to the lives of the martyrs in focus are discussed in detail. In these narratives, Bokenham uses grotesque imagery to sever base fetishes from the body and replaces them with a functional, cleansing connection to a Christian imperative. Aside from achieving immortality in spirit and in writing, the chapter also acknowledges the generative quality of sainthood in that it is also believed capable of imbuing its devotees with the same spiritual grace. That the subjects of the narrative are women also allude to this “creative” force. In the concluding sections, the chapter cites various symbolisms and influences in Bokenham's work that exhibit his Augustinian beliefs and roots.
Areti Lagiou and Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199566655
- eISBN:
- 9780191594410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566655.003.0028
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter reviews studies on the link between smoking and breast cancer. There is little evidence that passive smoking increases the risk of breast cancer, although this possibility cannot be ...
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This chapter reviews studies on the link between smoking and breast cancer. There is little evidence that passive smoking increases the risk of breast cancer, although this possibility cannot be rejected. The problem reflects the more general issue of distinguishing a null association from a weakly positive one on the basis of epidemiological evidence alone. With respect to active smoking, the overall epidemiological evidence is weak. There are findings, however, suggestive of interaction of this exposure with early age at exposure and nulliparity, when the mammary gland is not adequately differentiated. There are also reports that active smoking modifies the spectrum of p53 mutations in breast tumours and interacts with particular genetic polymorphisms. These findings cannot be explained by simple forms of selection or information bias but they may still reflect chance or selective reporting. If they were to be replicated and further supported by epidemiological results, these results would indicate that active smoking does affect breast cancer risk. At this stage, and if one were to adopt the International Agency for Research on Cancer terminology concerning the evaluation of carcinogenicity, the likely verdict on active smoking in relation to breast cancer risk would be that it is a ‘possible’ carcinogen.Less
This chapter reviews studies on the link between smoking and breast cancer. There is little evidence that passive smoking increases the risk of breast cancer, although this possibility cannot be rejected. The problem reflects the more general issue of distinguishing a null association from a weakly positive one on the basis of epidemiological evidence alone. With respect to active smoking, the overall epidemiological evidence is weak. There are findings, however, suggestive of interaction of this exposure with early age at exposure and nulliparity, when the mammary gland is not adequately differentiated. There are also reports that active smoking modifies the spectrum of p53 mutations in breast tumours and interacts with particular genetic polymorphisms. These findings cannot be explained by simple forms of selection or information bias but they may still reflect chance or selective reporting. If they were to be replicated and further supported by epidemiological results, these results would indicate that active smoking does affect breast cancer risk. At this stage, and if one were to adopt the International Agency for Research on Cancer terminology concerning the evaluation of carcinogenicity, the likely verdict on active smoking in relation to breast cancer risk would be that it is a ‘possible’ carcinogen.
