Clive Brown
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198161653
- eISBN:
- 9780191716263
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198161653.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Despite the continuing interest in historically informed vocal and instrumental performance practice, the relationship between a composer's notation and the sounds it was intended to elicit remains ...
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Despite the continuing interest in historically informed vocal and instrumental performance practice, the relationship between a composer's notation and the sounds it was intended to elicit remains problematic. Early recordings reveal a strikingly different sound and style from modern practice, and written sources indicate that earlier practice was even more radically different. This book looks beyond modern responses to the notation in an attempt to understand how Classical and Romantic composers may have expected to hear their music realized in performance. Theories of accentuation and their relationship to practice are discussed in relation to the notation of accents and dynamics. Similarly, articulation and phrasing are examined in theory and practice as well as in relation to composers' articulation markings and slurs. String bowing is treated as a special case, since detailed bowing instructions provide particularly important evidence of the difference between historical and current practice. Aspects of tempo are covered in detail in four chapters: evolving tempo conventions, the impact of the metronome, the range of meanings of tempo terms, the practices of particular composers, and various types of tempo modification are examined. Changing attitudes to embellishment, ornamentation, and improvization during the period are discussed in general; and individual chapters examine particular issues relating to appoggiaturas, trills, turns and other ornaments, vibrato, and portamento. A final section deals with the fermata, recitative, arpeggiation in keyboard playing; the variable dot of prolongation and other aspects of rhythmic flexibility; and the conventions of ‘heavy’ and ‘light’ performance.Less
Despite the continuing interest in historically informed vocal and instrumental performance practice, the relationship between a composer's notation and the sounds it was intended to elicit remains problematic. Early recordings reveal a strikingly different sound and style from modern practice, and written sources indicate that earlier practice was even more radically different. This book looks beyond modern responses to the notation in an attempt to understand how Classical and Romantic composers may have expected to hear their music realized in performance. Theories of accentuation and their relationship to practice are discussed in relation to the notation of accents and dynamics. Similarly, articulation and phrasing are examined in theory and practice as well as in relation to composers' articulation markings and slurs. String bowing is treated as a special case, since detailed bowing instructions provide particularly important evidence of the difference between historical and current practice. Aspects of tempo are covered in detail in four chapters: evolving tempo conventions, the impact of the metronome, the range of meanings of tempo terms, the practices of particular composers, and various types of tempo modification are examined. Changing attitudes to embellishment, ornamentation, and improvization during the period are discussed in general; and individual chapters examine particular issues relating to appoggiaturas, trills, turns and other ornaments, vibrato, and portamento. A final section deals with the fermata, recitative, arpeggiation in keyboard playing; the variable dot of prolongation and other aspects of rhythmic flexibility; and the conventions of ‘heavy’ and ‘light’ performance.
Clive Brown
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198161653
- eISBN:
- 9780191716263
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198161653.003.0008
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
Knowledge of bowing techniques and the ways in which they were used casts valuable light on attitudes towards articulation in general. This chapter discusses changing designs of bow and the ...
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Knowledge of bowing techniques and the ways in which they were used casts valuable light on attitudes towards articulation in general. This chapter discusses changing designs of bow and the repertoire of bow strokes typical of particular times, places, and players. The predominant use of the upper half of the bow for short notes is considered in relation to Wilhelm Cramer's popularization of a very short springing stroke in the middle of the bow, which was fashionable for a while before being eclipsed by the ascendancy of the Viotti School in the early 19th century. The implications of terms such as a punta d'arco, détaché, and the techniques associated with slurred staccato, sautillé, and spiccato are investigated. The German approach and that of the emerging ‘Franco-Belgian’ school diverged significantly during the course of the 19th century.Less
Knowledge of bowing techniques and the ways in which they were used casts valuable light on attitudes towards articulation in general. This chapter discusses changing designs of bow and the repertoire of bow strokes typical of particular times, places, and players. The predominant use of the upper half of the bow for short notes is considered in relation to Wilhelm Cramer's popularization of a very short springing stroke in the middle of the bow, which was fashionable for a while before being eclipsed by the ascendancy of the Viotti School in the early 19th century. The implications of terms such as a punta d'arco, détaché, and the techniques associated with slurred staccato, sautillé, and spiccato are investigated. The German approach and that of the emerging ‘Franco-Belgian’ school diverged significantly during the course of the 19th century.
Emily Greenwood
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199575244
- eISBN:
- 9780191722189
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575244.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
The starting point for this chapter is Antonio Benítez‐Rojo's concept of the ‘path of words’ to explain the repetition of motifs in travel writers who undertake the same journeys. This repetitive ...
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The starting point for this chapter is Antonio Benítez‐Rojo's concept of the ‘path of words’ to explain the repetition of motifs in travel writers who undertake the same journeys. This repetitive path of words is an important route for the introduction of classical motifs into modern Caribbean literature. The chapter studies the constant return to Greece in Patrick Leigh Fermor's The Traveller's Tree: A Journey through the Caribbean Islands (1950), and contrasts Fermor's neo‐Hellenic analogies with J. A. Froude's notorious Homeric analogy in The English in the West Indies, or The Bow of Ulysses (1887). One of the legacies of these travel accounts is that the Caribbean is represented as an accident of Greece, a curious ‘other’ Mediterranean. Since both Froude and Fermor's accounts appeal to Homer's Odyssey as a legitimizing text for their travel accounts, the second section explores Derek Walcott's fashioning of a New World Odyssey that writes back to Froude and Fermor, and shares tropes with other responses to The Odyssey in the Caribbean.Less
The starting point for this chapter is Antonio Benítez‐Rojo's concept of the ‘path of words’ to explain the repetition of motifs in travel writers who undertake the same journeys. This repetitive path of words is an important route for the introduction of classical motifs into modern Caribbean literature. The chapter studies the constant return to Greece in Patrick Leigh Fermor's The Traveller's Tree: A Journey through the Caribbean Islands (1950), and contrasts Fermor's neo‐Hellenic analogies with J. A. Froude's notorious Homeric analogy in The English in the West Indies, or The Bow of Ulysses (1887). One of the legacies of these travel accounts is that the Caribbean is represented as an accident of Greece, a curious ‘other’ Mediterranean. Since both Froude and Fermor's accounts appeal to Homer's Odyssey as a legitimizing text for their travel accounts, the second section explores Derek Walcott's fashioning of a New World Odyssey that writes back to Froude and Fermor, and shares tropes with other responses to The Odyssey in the Caribbean.
Barbara Donagan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199285181
- eISBN:
- 9780191713668
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285181.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses weapons used in the English civil war. Civil war armies used a transitional mixture of firearms and ‘muscle-powered weapons’ ranging from heavy artillery to clubs. Even the bow ...
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This chapter discusses weapons used in the English civil war. Civil war armies used a transitional mixture of firearms and ‘muscle-powered weapons’ ranging from heavy artillery to clubs. Even the bow and arrow marginally survived this time, although these seem to have been most useful as a means of sending propaganda messages in and out of besieged strongholds. Officers carried pistols and swords, as did the cavalry, and royalist cavalry sometimes added a small pole-axe; dragoons — mounted foot soldiers on inferior horses — usually carried firelock muskets or carbines as well as swords; and foot regiments were composed of musketeers (normally with less advanced matchlock muskets) and pikemen, both of whom also carried swords. Homely weapons played a larger part early in the war than they did after it had settled down and supplies and logistics had improved.Less
This chapter discusses weapons used in the English civil war. Civil war armies used a transitional mixture of firearms and ‘muscle-powered weapons’ ranging from heavy artillery to clubs. Even the bow and arrow marginally survived this time, although these seem to have been most useful as a means of sending propaganda messages in and out of besieged strongholds. Officers carried pistols and swords, as did the cavalry, and royalist cavalry sometimes added a small pole-axe; dragoons — mounted foot soldiers on inferior horses — usually carried firelock muskets or carbines as well as swords; and foot regiments were composed of musketeers (normally with less advanced matchlock muskets) and pikemen, both of whom also carried swords. Homely weapons played a larger part early in the war than they did after it had settled down and supplies and logistics had improved.
John F. Kvach
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813144207
- eISBN:
- 9780813144481
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813144207.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Between 1846 and 1867 J. D. B. De Bow, the editor of De Bow’s Review, promoted agricultural reform, urbanization, industrialization, and commercial development in the nineteenth-century American ...
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Between 1846 and 1867 J. D. B. De Bow, the editor of De Bow’s Review, promoted agricultural reform, urbanization, industrialization, and commercial development in the nineteenth-century American South. His monthly journal appealed to thousands of antebellum southerners with similar interests in a modern market economy. His vision and his readers’ support of economic and social diversification predated the rhetoric of postbellum boosters who promised a “New South” after the Civil War. De Bow created an economic plan that resonated among urban, middle-class merchants and professionals, wealthy planters, and prominent industrialists. Like their postbellum counterparts, these antebellum innovators shared a similar message of hope for the future. De Bow successfully consolidated modern economic goals into a cohesive plan, and his reverence for past traditions helped legitimize the future transformation of the South. Although debates over slavery and sectionalism overwhelmed the original intent of the Review, he recovered his editorial balance after supporting secession and experiencing the misery of the Civil War. He rededicated himself to regional economic improvement and asked readers to help reintegrate the South back into the national economy. His comprehensive postwar plan for southern recovery came from his prewar editorial work. Although he died before the next generation of boosters began their public campaign for a New South, De Bow had made the first and most significant contribution to their New South Creed. His anticipation of a modern economy helped create hope for a New South long before the demise of the Old South.Less
Between 1846 and 1867 J. D. B. De Bow, the editor of De Bow’s Review, promoted agricultural reform, urbanization, industrialization, and commercial development in the nineteenth-century American South. His monthly journal appealed to thousands of antebellum southerners with similar interests in a modern market economy. His vision and his readers’ support of economic and social diversification predated the rhetoric of postbellum boosters who promised a “New South” after the Civil War. De Bow created an economic plan that resonated among urban, middle-class merchants and professionals, wealthy planters, and prominent industrialists. Like their postbellum counterparts, these antebellum innovators shared a similar message of hope for the future. De Bow successfully consolidated modern economic goals into a cohesive plan, and his reverence for past traditions helped legitimize the future transformation of the South. Although debates over slavery and sectionalism overwhelmed the original intent of the Review, he recovered his editorial balance after supporting secession and experiencing the misery of the Civil War. He rededicated himself to regional economic improvement and asked readers to help reintegrate the South back into the national economy. His comprehensive postwar plan for southern recovery came from his prewar editorial work. Although he died before the next generation of boosters began their public campaign for a New South, De Bow had made the first and most significant contribution to their New South Creed. His anticipation of a modern economy helped create hope for a New South long before the demise of the Old South.
Karel Butz
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190602888
- eISBN:
- 9780190052652
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190602888.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Performing Practice/Studies
Achieving Musical Success in the String Classroom describes the author’s pragmatic pedagogical approach toward developing complete musicianship in beginning through advanced-level string players by ...
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Achieving Musical Success in the String Classroom describes the author’s pragmatic pedagogical approach toward developing complete musicianship in beginning through advanced-level string players by incorporating the ideas of Mimi Zweig, Paul Rolland, and Shinichi Suzuki. The author’s philosophical assumptions are explained in regard to the structure and purpose of string teaching contributing to a high level of musical artistry among students. Introductory through advanced string concepts relating to instrument setup, posture, left- and right-hand development, music theory, aural skills, assessment procedures, imagery in playing, the development of individual practice and ensemble skills, and effective rehearsal strategies are explained in a sequential approach that benefits the classroom teacher and student. In addition, several score examples, sample lesson plans, and grading rubrics, as well as videos of the author demonstrating his pedagogical ideas and techniques with musicians, are included.Less
Achieving Musical Success in the String Classroom describes the author’s pragmatic pedagogical approach toward developing complete musicianship in beginning through advanced-level string players by incorporating the ideas of Mimi Zweig, Paul Rolland, and Shinichi Suzuki. The author’s philosophical assumptions are explained in regard to the structure and purpose of string teaching contributing to a high level of musical artistry among students. Introductory through advanced string concepts relating to instrument setup, posture, left- and right-hand development, music theory, aural skills, assessment procedures, imagery in playing, the development of individual practice and ensemble skills, and effective rehearsal strategies are explained in a sequential approach that benefits the classroom teacher and student. In addition, several score examples, sample lesson plans, and grading rubrics, as well as videos of the author demonstrating his pedagogical ideas and techniques with musicians, are included.
J. M. Beattie
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199695164
- eISBN:
- 9780191738746
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695164.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This is the first intensive study of the Bow Street runners, a group of men established by Henry Fielding, in the middle of the eighteenth century with the financial support of the government to ...
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This is the first intensive study of the Bow Street runners, a group of men established by Henry Fielding, in the middle of the eighteenth century with the financial support of the government to confront violent offenders on the streets and highways around London. They were developed over the following decades by his half‐brother, John Fielding, into what became a well-known and stable group of officers who acquired skill and expertise in investigating crime, tracking and arresting offenders, and in presenting evidence at the Old Bailey, the main criminal court in London. They were, I argue, detectives in all but name. At the same time, Fielding created a magistrates’ court that for the first time was open to the public at stated times every day. A second, intimately related theme in the book concerns attitudes and ideas about the policing of London more broadly, particularly from the 1780s, when the detective and prosecutorial work of the runners came to be increasingly opposed by arguments in favour of the prevention of crime by surveillance and other means. The last three chapters of the book continue to follow the runners’ work, but at the same time they are concerned with discussions of the larger structure of policing in London – in parliament, in the Home Office, and in the press. These discussions were to intensify after 1815, in the face of a sharp increase in criminal prosecutions. They led – in a far from straightforward way – to a fundamental reconstitution of the basis of policing in the capital by Robert Peel’s Metropolitan Police act of 1829. The runners were not immediately affected by the creation of the New Police, but indirectly it led to their disbandment a decade later.Less
This is the first intensive study of the Bow Street runners, a group of men established by Henry Fielding, in the middle of the eighteenth century with the financial support of the government to confront violent offenders on the streets and highways around London. They were developed over the following decades by his half‐brother, John Fielding, into what became a well-known and stable group of officers who acquired skill and expertise in investigating crime, tracking and arresting offenders, and in presenting evidence at the Old Bailey, the main criminal court in London. They were, I argue, detectives in all but name. At the same time, Fielding created a magistrates’ court that for the first time was open to the public at stated times every day. A second, intimately related theme in the book concerns attitudes and ideas about the policing of London more broadly, particularly from the 1780s, when the detective and prosecutorial work of the runners came to be increasingly opposed by arguments in favour of the prevention of crime by surveillance and other means. The last three chapters of the book continue to follow the runners’ work, but at the same time they are concerned with discussions of the larger structure of policing in London – in parliament, in the Home Office, and in the press. These discussions were to intensify after 1815, in the face of a sharp increase in criminal prosecutions. They led – in a far from straightforward way – to a fundamental reconstitution of the basis of policing in the capital by Robert Peel’s Metropolitan Police act of 1829. The runners were not immediately affected by the creation of the New Police, but indirectly it led to their disbandment a decade later.
J. M. Beattie
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199695164
- eISBN:
- 9780191738746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695164.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Examines the crime wave after the conclusion of a war in 1748, particularly the extent of violent offences on the streets of the capital and on the highways on the outskirts. The chapter goes on to ...
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Examines the crime wave after the conclusion of a war in 1748, particularly the extent of violent offences on the streets of the capital and on the highways on the outskirts. The chapter goes on to discuss Henry Fielding’s magisterial practice at his house in Bow Street and his ideas about the causes of crime and the need for a more effective response – principally more active prosecution. It explains the national government’s previous efforts to contain violence by paying large rewards for the conviction of felons, the failure of which led to the government’s agreement to supply Fielding with money to support the group of men he was assembling at his magisterial office to detect, prosecute, and give evidence against violent offenders.Less
Examines the crime wave after the conclusion of a war in 1748, particularly the extent of violent offences on the streets of the capital and on the highways on the outskirts. The chapter goes on to discuss Henry Fielding’s magisterial practice at his house in Bow Street and his ideas about the causes of crime and the need for a more effective response – principally more active prosecution. It explains the national government’s previous efforts to contain violence by paying large rewards for the conviction of felons, the failure of which led to the government’s agreement to supply Fielding with money to support the group of men he was assembling at his magisterial office to detect, prosecute, and give evidence against violent offenders.
J. M. Beattie
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199695164
- eISBN:
- 9780191738746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199695164.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter begins with an analysis of the financial support provided by the government for the policing work of the runners. The accounts of the office show the runners earning enough to provide ...
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This chapter begins with an analysis of the financial support provided by the government for the policing work of the runners. The accounts of the office show the runners earning enough to provide the foundation of an income that was supplemented by other sources, including private clients, an income that enabled many of them to enjoy long careers at Bow Street. Stability of tenure and long experience improved their detective skills, the subject of the second part of the chapter, which examines the way they went about their business, their collection of criminal information and use of informers. Finally, the chapter examines the dangers of the job, and the courage they not infrequently showed in making arrests and bringing accused offenders to Bow Street to be examined.Less
This chapter begins with an analysis of the financial support provided by the government for the policing work of the runners. The accounts of the office show the runners earning enough to provide the foundation of an income that was supplemented by other sources, including private clients, an income that enabled many of them to enjoy long careers at Bow Street. Stability of tenure and long experience improved their detective skills, the subject of the second part of the chapter, which examines the way they went about their business, their collection of criminal information and use of informers. Finally, the chapter examines the dangers of the job, and the courage they not infrequently showed in making arrests and bringing accused offenders to Bow Street to be examined.
Christopher Pincock
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199757107
- eISBN:
- 9780199932313
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199757107.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
Batterman has emphasized the importance of asymptotic explanation where the explanation involves taking limits. This chapter presents a detailed reconstruction of one such explanation. It involves ...
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Batterman has emphasized the importance of asymptotic explanation where the explanation involves taking limits. This chapter presents a detailed reconstruction of one such explanation. It involves the pattern of spacing of the supernumerary bows of a rainbow. Pincock essentially agrees with Batterman that this explanation is importantly different than some other kinds of explanation. Pincock tries to go further than Batterman in pinning down what beliefs about the rainbow are licensed by a form of inference to the best explanation. This illustrates a case of inference to the best explanation which involves mathematics, but which, in line with chapter 10, does not provide new evidence for the truth of mathematical claims.Less
Batterman has emphasized the importance of asymptotic explanation where the explanation involves taking limits. This chapter presents a detailed reconstruction of one such explanation. It involves the pattern of spacing of the supernumerary bows of a rainbow. Pincock essentially agrees with Batterman that this explanation is importantly different than some other kinds of explanation. Pincock tries to go further than Batterman in pinning down what beliefs about the rainbow are licensed by a form of inference to the best explanation. This illustrates a case of inference to the best explanation which involves mathematics, but which, in line with chapter 10, does not provide new evidence for the truth of mathematical claims.
Melissa Mueller
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226312958
- eISBN:
- 9780226313009
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226313009.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Plays and Playwrights: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Chapter 1 considers the uncanny agency of weapons in Sophocles’ Ajax, Sophocles’ Philoctetes, and Euripides’ Heracles. On stage, the sword cues audience awareness of the intertextual factors ...
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Chapter 1 considers the uncanny agency of weapons in Sophocles’ Ajax, Sophocles’ Philoctetes, and Euripides’ Heracles. On stage, the sword cues audience awareness of the intertextual factors conditioning the hero’s decision-making, forcing a reassessment of the Ajax’s rejection of suicide. His expressed desire to be rid of this weapon, which has brought him only pain and misfortune since the day he received it, gains in poignancy when Ajax is seen holding the weapon itself. A gift to Ajax originally from his enemy Hector, the sword continues to channel the animus of the unresolved duel they fought on Homer’s Trojan battlefield in the seventh book of the Iliad. The bow of Heracles in Philoctetes and the weapons in Euripides’ Heraclesprovide valuable comparanda for the animacy and entanglements of tragic weaponry.Less
Chapter 1 considers the uncanny agency of weapons in Sophocles’ Ajax, Sophocles’ Philoctetes, and Euripides’ Heracles. On stage, the sword cues audience awareness of the intertextual factors conditioning the hero’s decision-making, forcing a reassessment of the Ajax’s rejection of suicide. His expressed desire to be rid of this weapon, which has brought him only pain and misfortune since the day he received it, gains in poignancy when Ajax is seen holding the weapon itself. A gift to Ajax originally from his enemy Hector, the sword continues to channel the animus of the unresolved duel they fought on Homer’s Trojan battlefield in the seventh book of the Iliad. The bow of Heracles in Philoctetes and the weapons in Euripides’ Heraclesprovide valuable comparanda for the animacy and entanglements of tragic weaponry.
Mario Wiesendanger, Andreas Baader, and Oleg Kazennikov
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199298723
- eISBN:
- 9780191700903
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199298723.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology
Playing the violin requires exceptional skills in bowing and fingering and execution implies an exquisite temporal and ordinal precision of finger and bow movements, together with a fine-grained ...
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Playing the violin requires exceptional skills in bowing and fingering and execution implies an exquisite temporal and ordinal precision of finger and bow movements, together with a fine-grained force control. This chapter assesses the timing of inter-limb coordination during playing of a simple tune on the violin. It examines bow-fingering synchronization and investigates the forces that control tonal intensity as well as quick changes in intensity for accentuations of the melody. It concludes with the suggestion that even relatively simple musical sequences can reveal interesting principles of motor control, especially about inter-limb coordination and the kinetics of bowing.Less
Playing the violin requires exceptional skills in bowing and fingering and execution implies an exquisite temporal and ordinal precision of finger and bow movements, together with a fine-grained force control. This chapter assesses the timing of inter-limb coordination during playing of a simple tune on the violin. It examines bow-fingering synchronization and investigates the forces that control tonal intensity as well as quick changes in intensity for accentuations of the melody. It concludes with the suggestion that even relatively simple musical sequences can reveal interesting principles of motor control, especially about inter-limb coordination and the kinetics of bowing.
Stephen G. Craft
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813166353
- eISBN:
- 9780813166629
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813166353.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Chapter 13 examines how the Eisenhower administration handled U.S. foreign policy in east Asia following events such as Black Friday and the Girard case. Eisenhower recognized the need to placate ...
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Chapter 13 examines how the Eisenhower administration handled U.S. foreign policy in east Asia following events such as Black Friday and the Girard case. Eisenhower recognized the need to placate both foreign allies and voters at the same time, since many Americans opposed SOFAs and sought to pass legislation, such as the Bow Amendment, that would prohibit GIs from being tried in foreign courts. In an effort to ease tensions, he approved a plan that would determine the number of Americans living overseas, made plans to withdraw troops from Taiwan and Japan, and considered placing more tactical nuclear weapons abroad to compensate; yet these were all long-term solutions to immediate problems. To preserve integrity, Ike officially decided to hand Girard over to Japan, resulting in a heavy critique of his administration. Though Girard hired attorneys to contest the decision, the Supreme Court ultimately ruled that the U.S. was justified in waiving its jurisdiction. In November, Girard was found guilty by a Japanese court and given a three-year sentence. Despite the ruling, diplomatic immunity and the large number of military personnel abroad still remained important issues in the aftermath.Less
Chapter 13 examines how the Eisenhower administration handled U.S. foreign policy in east Asia following events such as Black Friday and the Girard case. Eisenhower recognized the need to placate both foreign allies and voters at the same time, since many Americans opposed SOFAs and sought to pass legislation, such as the Bow Amendment, that would prohibit GIs from being tried in foreign courts. In an effort to ease tensions, he approved a plan that would determine the number of Americans living overseas, made plans to withdraw troops from Taiwan and Japan, and considered placing more tactical nuclear weapons abroad to compensate; yet these were all long-term solutions to immediate problems. To preserve integrity, Ike officially decided to hand Girard over to Japan, resulting in a heavy critique of his administration. Though Girard hired attorneys to contest the decision, the Supreme Court ultimately ruled that the U.S. was justified in waiving its jurisdiction. In November, Girard was found guilty by a Japanese court and given a three-year sentence. Despite the ruling, diplomatic immunity and the large number of military personnel abroad still remained important issues in the aftermath.
PHILIP MURPHY
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205050
- eISBN:
- 9780191676475
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205050.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History
This chapter demonstrates that, from the beginning of 1961, the supporters of the Central African Federation within the Conservative Party were able to coordinate action amongst themselves and remain ...
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This chapter demonstrates that, from the beginning of 1961, the supporters of the Central African Federation within the Conservative Party were able to coordinate action amongst themselves and remain in close contact with the Federal government. Conservative political thought, the ‘right wing’ tendency, the Bow Group and the progressive tendency, as well as the EEC and immigration are explained in detail.Less
This chapter demonstrates that, from the beginning of 1961, the supporters of the Central African Federation within the Conservative Party were able to coordinate action amongst themselves and remain in close contact with the Federal government. Conservative political thought, the ‘right wing’ tendency, the Bow Group and the progressive tendency, as well as the EEC and immigration are explained in detail.
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199917600
- eISBN:
- 9780190607821
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917600.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Performing Practice/Studies
Yuri Yankelevich (1909–1973) was one of the most important and influential Russian violin teachers in the twentieth century. He taught at the Moscow Conservatory from 1936 to 1973 and produced an ...
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Yuri Yankelevich (1909–1973) was one of the most important and influential Russian violin teachers in the twentieth century. He taught at the Moscow Conservatory from 1936 to 1973 and produced an exceptional number of brilliant violinists including Viktor Tretyakov, Vladimir Spivakov, Mark Kopelman, Arkadi Futer, Nelli Shkolnikova, and many others. Translated from the original Russian, this book contains two of Yankelevich’s original methodological texts available to English readers for the first time. In “Setting up the Violin and Bow Hold” Yankelevich examines each element of positioning the right and left hands in the context of the past methodological literature and discusses how a good setup may create the most favorable conditions for eliminating tension and ensuring optimal playing movements. In “Shifting Positions in Conjunction with the Musical Goals of the Violinist” Yankelevich offers a thorough analysis of shifting based on a series of oscillographic readings. Yankelevich examines each shifting technique in light of how it may best serve the performer’s musical goals and provides practical suggestions based on his pedagogical practice. Additionally, the book includes an introduction detailing the background of this branch of the Russian Violin School and extended commentary on his teaching methods by Maya Glezarova and Vladimir Grigoryev. These commentaries illustrate Yankelevich’s analytical, integral, and psycho-physiological approach. Further resources and commentary from Yankelevich’s students are provided on the companion website.Less
Yuri Yankelevich (1909–1973) was one of the most important and influential Russian violin teachers in the twentieth century. He taught at the Moscow Conservatory from 1936 to 1973 and produced an exceptional number of brilliant violinists including Viktor Tretyakov, Vladimir Spivakov, Mark Kopelman, Arkadi Futer, Nelli Shkolnikova, and many others. Translated from the original Russian, this book contains two of Yankelevich’s original methodological texts available to English readers for the first time. In “Setting up the Violin and Bow Hold” Yankelevich examines each element of positioning the right and left hands in the context of the past methodological literature and discusses how a good setup may create the most favorable conditions for eliminating tension and ensuring optimal playing movements. In “Shifting Positions in Conjunction with the Musical Goals of the Violinist” Yankelevich offers a thorough analysis of shifting based on a series of oscillographic readings. Yankelevich examines each shifting technique in light of how it may best serve the performer’s musical goals and provides practical suggestions based on his pedagogical practice. Additionally, the book includes an introduction detailing the background of this branch of the Russian Violin School and extended commentary on his teaching methods by Maya Glezarova and Vladimir Grigoryev. These commentaries illustrate Yankelevich’s analytical, integral, and psycho-physiological approach. Further resources and commentary from Yankelevich’s students are provided on the companion website.
Knut Guettler and Susan Hallam
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195138108
- eISBN:
- 9780199849291
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138108.003.0019
- Subject:
- Music, Psychology of Music
Research on the physics of bowed stringed instruments can help the string teacher to explain the underlying acoustical phenomena and to develop corresponding pedagogical strategies. The first part of ...
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Research on the physics of bowed stringed instruments can help the string teacher to explain the underlying acoustical phenomena and to develop corresponding pedagogical strategies. The first part of this chapter surveys current and historical acoustical research, focusing on information that can be related to technique. It discusses not only the bowed attack with specific exercises to improve performance, but also other topics such as harmonics, rosin, timbre, and aspects of room acoustics during performance. This is followed by an overview of psychological research relating to the distinctive aspects of playing a bowed stringed instrument and the characteristics of string players. It considers the importance of well developed aural skills, practice, and conscientiousness on the part of the player to develop high levels of expertise. The need for the teacher to demonstrate and provide opportunities to develop aural schemata, and give detailed constructive feedback is also discussed.Less
Research on the physics of bowed stringed instruments can help the string teacher to explain the underlying acoustical phenomena and to develop corresponding pedagogical strategies. The first part of this chapter surveys current and historical acoustical research, focusing on information that can be related to technique. It discusses not only the bowed attack with specific exercises to improve performance, but also other topics such as harmonics, rosin, timbre, and aspects of room acoustics during performance. This is followed by an overview of psychological research relating to the distinctive aspects of playing a bowed stringed instrument and the characteristics of string players. It considers the importance of well developed aural skills, practice, and conscientiousness on the part of the player to develop high levels of expertise. The need for the teacher to demonstrate and provide opportunities to develop aural schemata, and give detailed constructive feedback is also discussed.
Donna T. Andrew and Randall McGowen
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520220621
- eISBN:
- 9780520923706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520220621.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter provides the biographies of the central characters: Daniel and Robert Perreau and Mrs. Rudd. It notes that during and immediately after their trials, the Perreaus and their witnesses ...
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This chapter provides the biographies of the central characters: Daniel and Robert Perreau and Mrs. Rudd. It notes that during and immediately after their trials, the Perreaus and their witnesses told of the fair promises that Mrs. Rudd had employed to secure their confidence. It reports that Mrs. Rudd offered such a tempting prospect of advancement that the Perreaus could be pardoned for naively acting as her agents. It further reports that they were dazzled when Mrs. Rudd spoke of how her relations and their connections were at work to set the brothers up as bankers, buy them a country estate, make Daniel a member of Parliament and a baronet. It observes that before the disclosures at Bow Street, the Perreaus stood at the center of one kind of London story; that of rapid economic success followed by increasing social and even political influence.Less
This chapter provides the biographies of the central characters: Daniel and Robert Perreau and Mrs. Rudd. It notes that during and immediately after their trials, the Perreaus and their witnesses told of the fair promises that Mrs. Rudd had employed to secure their confidence. It reports that Mrs. Rudd offered such a tempting prospect of advancement that the Perreaus could be pardoned for naively acting as her agents. It further reports that they were dazzled when Mrs. Rudd spoke of how her relations and their connections were at work to set the brothers up as bankers, buy them a country estate, make Daniel a member of Parliament and a baronet. It observes that before the disclosures at Bow Street, the Perreaus stood at the center of one kind of London story; that of rapid economic success followed by increasing social and even political influence.
John F. Kvach
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780813144207
- eISBN:
- 9780813144481
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813144207.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter examines the historical and historiographic legacy of J. D. B. De Bow and De Bow’s Review. De Bow’s antebellum editorial contributions created the foundation for a “New South” that ...
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This chapter examines the historical and historiographic legacy of J. D. B. De Bow and De Bow’s Review. De Bow’s antebellum editorial contributions created the foundation for a “New South” that historians often have attributed to southern boosters after the Civil War. De Bow urged antebellum southern readers to accept and invest in urban development, industrial growth, commercial prosperity, railroads, and scientific farming. This chapter corrects past historiographic oversights and mistakes by highlighting De Bow’s editorial contributions and contextualizing his ideas with his readers’ actions. Review readers become as important as De Bow because they offered him an outlet for new ideas and innovations.Less
This chapter examines the historical and historiographic legacy of J. D. B. De Bow and De Bow’s Review. De Bow’s antebellum editorial contributions created the foundation for a “New South” that historians often have attributed to southern boosters after the Civil War. De Bow urged antebellum southern readers to accept and invest in urban development, industrial growth, commercial prosperity, railroads, and scientific farming. This chapter corrects past historiographic oversights and mistakes by highlighting De Bow’s editorial contributions and contextualizing his ideas with his readers’ actions. Review readers become as important as De Bow because they offered him an outlet for new ideas and innovations.
J.E. Smyth
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124063
- eISBN:
- 9780813134765
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124063.003.0010
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter examines the historical films produced by David O. Selznick in the U.S. during the period from 1932 to 1937 that focused on Hollywood actors and actress. Selznick worked for MGM, ...
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This chapter examines the historical films produced by David O. Selznick in the U.S. during the period from 1932 to 1937 that focused on Hollywood actors and actress. Selznick worked for MGM, Paramount Pictures, RKO Pictures before founding his own Selznick International Pictures. His first film about Hollywood history was about the life and career of Clara Bow titled What Price Hollywood?. Another such film was A Star Is Born. Though it was a self-conscious composite biography, most 1937 viewers associated the character of Norman Maine, a fading alcoholic leading man, to actor John Gilbert who died of heart attack in January 1936.Less
This chapter examines the historical films produced by David O. Selznick in the U.S. during the period from 1932 to 1937 that focused on Hollywood actors and actress. Selznick worked for MGM, Paramount Pictures, RKO Pictures before founding his own Selznick International Pictures. His first film about Hollywood history was about the life and career of Clara Bow titled What Price Hollywood?. Another such film was A Star Is Born. Though it was a self-conscious composite biography, most 1937 viewers associated the character of Norman Maine, a fading alcoholic leading man, to actor John Gilbert who died of heart attack in January 1936.
Andrew Glazzard
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474431293
- eISBN:
- 9781474453769
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474431293.003.0018
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Holmes’s words to Watson at the end of ‘His Last Bow’ (1917) express an idea of warfare that sits uneasily with our contemporary perception of the First World War. Today we are accustomed to ...
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Holmes’s words to Watson at the end of ‘His Last Bow’ (1917) express an idea of warfare that sits uneasily with our contemporary perception of the First World War. Today we are accustomed to associate that war with the horrors of the Western Front: the battles of the Somme (1916) and Passchendaele (1917) loom large in our cultural memory as paradigms of unnecessary bloodshed and strategic incompetence. But this was not how Conan Doyle saw it – and he saw the Western Front at first hand, while both his brother, Brigadier-General Innes ‘Duff’ Doyle, and his son Kingsley were in the thick of the action. At the invitation of the War Office, Doyle toured the British, Italian and French Fronts in 1916, and the Australian Front in 1918, using his authority as Deputy Lieutenant of Surrey to don an improvised khaki uniform ‘which was something between that of a Colonel and Brigadier, with silver roses instead of stars or crowns upon the shoulder-states’.1Less
Holmes’s words to Watson at the end of ‘His Last Bow’ (1917) express an idea of warfare that sits uneasily with our contemporary perception of the First World War. Today we are accustomed to associate that war with the horrors of the Western Front: the battles of the Somme (1916) and Passchendaele (1917) loom large in our cultural memory as paradigms of unnecessary bloodshed and strategic incompetence. But this was not how Conan Doyle saw it – and he saw the Western Front at first hand, while both his brother, Brigadier-General Innes ‘Duff’ Doyle, and his son Kingsley were in the thick of the action. At the invitation of the War Office, Doyle toured the British, Italian and French Fronts in 1916, and the Australian Front in 1918, using his authority as Deputy Lieutenant of Surrey to don an improvised khaki uniform ‘which was something between that of a Colonel and Brigadier, with silver roses instead of stars or crowns upon the shoulder-states’.1
