Rebekah L. Miles
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195144161
- eISBN:
- 9780199834495
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195144163.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Feminist theologians have commonly identified Reinhold Niebuhr's Christian realism as a prime example of a patriarchal theological ethic that promotes domination. In this study, the author claims ...
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Feminist theologians have commonly identified Reinhold Niebuhr's Christian realism as a prime example of a patriarchal theological ethic that promotes domination. In this study, the author claims that Niebuhr's thought can be usefully appropriated and revised in service of a new ethic – a feminist Christian realism. This new ethic is offered as an answer to the loss of moral grounding and critical judgment within some North American feminist theologies. She contends that an increasingly radical feminist emphasis on divine immanence and human boundedness has undercut key assumptions upon which feminism rests. Niebuhr's realism, she believes, can be the source of a necessary correction. Feminist theologians. Miles argues, would be better served by using the categories of Christian realism to retrieve critically, a more positive understanding of divine transcendence and human self‐transcendence while maintaining their emphasis on human boundedness and divine presence. This position is developed by drawing together the contributions of Niebuhr, Rosemary Radford Ruether, and Sharon Welch (two prominent feminist theologians). Ruether's turn to creation and Welch's turn to community together provide an important corrective to Niebuhr's Christian realism.Less
Feminist theologians have commonly identified Reinhold Niebuhr's Christian realism as a prime example of a patriarchal theological ethic that promotes domination. In this study, the author claims that Niebuhr's thought can be usefully appropriated and revised in service of a new ethic – a feminist Christian realism. This new ethic is offered as an answer to the loss of moral grounding and critical judgment within some North American feminist theologies. She contends that an increasingly radical feminist emphasis on divine immanence and human boundedness has undercut key assumptions upon which feminism rests. Niebuhr's realism, she believes, can be the source of a necessary correction. Feminist theologians. Miles argues, would be better served by using the categories of Christian realism to retrieve critically, a more positive understanding of divine transcendence and human self‐transcendence while maintaining their emphasis on human boundedness and divine presence. This position is developed by drawing together the contributions of Niebuhr, Rosemary Radford Ruether, and Sharon Welch (two prominent feminist theologians). Ruether's turn to creation and Welch's turn to community together provide an important corrective to Niebuhr's Christian realism.
Juan Luis Vázquez
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198569039
- eISBN:
- 9780191717468
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198569039.003.0003
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Mathematical Physics
This chapter provides preliminary material on parabolic equations needed to develop the main theories of the book. It begins with a review of useful properties of quasilinear parabolic equations. ...
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This chapter provides preliminary material on parabolic equations needed to develop the main theories of the book. It begins with a review of useful properties of quasilinear parabolic equations. Section 3.2 is devoted to non-degenerate versions of the generalized PME that will be used in approximating the degenerate cases. Section 3.3 focuses on properties that are formally satisfied by the PME; they will be justified in later chapters and used in the constructions of the different theories. Finally, Section 3.4 reviews the properties of the most popular alternative formulations of the PME.Less
This chapter provides preliminary material on parabolic equations needed to develop the main theories of the book. It begins with a review of useful properties of quasilinear parabolic equations. Section 3.2 is devoted to non-degenerate versions of the generalized PME that will be used in approximating the degenerate cases. Section 3.3 focuses on properties that are formally satisfied by the PME; they will be justified in later chapters and used in the constructions of the different theories. Finally, Section 3.4 reviews the properties of the most popular alternative formulations of the PME.
Alfredo Bellen and Marino Zennaro
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198506546
- eISBN:
- 9780191709609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198506546.003.0009
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Numerical Analysis
This chapter provides some definitions and results on the contractivity, boundedness, and asymptotic stability of test equations chosen from suitable classes of DDEs and neutral DDEs, which are ...
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This chapter provides some definitions and results on the contractivity, boundedness, and asymptotic stability of test equations chosen from suitable classes of DDEs and neutral DDEs, which are useful for deriving numerical methods that preserve the same properties. Two main possible approaches are reported. One approach (stability for all delays or delay independent stability) involves finding conditions on the right-hand-side function such that the problem is stable for all or some classes of delays, typically for all constant delays. The other approach (stability for fixed delay or delay dependent stability) involves finding weaker conditions such that the desired stability property is guaranteed for specific delay.Less
This chapter provides some definitions and results on the contractivity, boundedness, and asymptotic stability of test equations chosen from suitable classes of DDEs and neutral DDEs, which are useful for deriving numerical methods that preserve the same properties. Two main possible approaches are reported. One approach (stability for all delays or delay independent stability) involves finding conditions on the right-hand-side function such that the problem is stable for all or some classes of delays, typically for all constant delays. The other approach (stability for fixed delay or delay dependent stability) involves finding weaker conditions such that the desired stability property is guaranteed for specific delay.
Juan Luis Vázquez
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199202973
- eISBN:
- 9780191707919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199202973.003.0007
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
This chapter continues the analysis of the functional properties of the evolution semigroup generated by the FDE on the critical line, i.e., when m < mc and p assumes the ...
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This chapter continues the analysis of the functional properties of the evolution semigroup generated by the FDE on the critical line, i.e., when m < mc and p assumes the critical value p* = n(1 - m)/2. The question addressed is boundedness, i.e., finding conditions on u0 under which function u(·, t) is bounded for all t > 0. The phenomenon of delayed regularity and immediate boundedness are discussed.Less
This chapter continues the analysis of the functional properties of the evolution semigroup generated by the FDE on the critical line, i.e., when m < mc and p assumes the critical value p* = n(1 - m)/2. The question addressed is boundedness, i.e., finding conditions on u0 under which function u(·, t) is bounded for all t > 0. The phenomenon of delayed regularity and immediate boundedness are discussed.
Kylie Richardson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199291960
- eISBN:
- 9780191710551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291960.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter illustrates that the instrumental versus case agreement opposition in depictive constructions in the East Slavic languages is directly linked to a grammatical aspectual contrast, namely ...
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This chapter illustrates that the instrumental versus case agreement opposition in depictive constructions in the East Slavic languages is directly linked to a grammatical aspectual contrast, namely an instrumental case marked predicate signals that the eventuality described by the predicate is bounded in time, whereas a predicate with case agreement signals that the eventuality is unbounded.Less
This chapter illustrates that the instrumental versus case agreement opposition in depictive constructions in the East Slavic languages is directly linked to a grammatical aspectual contrast, namely an instrumental case marked predicate signals that the eventuality described by the predicate is bounded in time, whereas a predicate with case agreement signals that the eventuality is unbounded.
Kylie Richardson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199291960
- eISBN:
- 9780191710551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291960.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter extends the link between grammatical aspect and the instrumental versus case agreement dichotomy on a predicate in the East Slavic languages to certain participle constructions in ...
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This chapter extends the link between grammatical aspect and the instrumental versus case agreement dichotomy on a predicate in the East Slavic languages to certain participle constructions in Russian and to copular constructions in the East Slavic languages in general. It also compares the syntax of copular constructions in Ukrainian with those in Belarusian, Russian, and Polish.Less
This chapter extends the link between grammatical aspect and the instrumental versus case agreement dichotomy on a predicate in the East Slavic languages to certain participle constructions in Russian and to copular constructions in the East Slavic languages in general. It also compares the syntax of copular constructions in Ukrainian with those in Belarusian, Russian, and Polish.
Rebekah L. Miles
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195144161
- eISBN:
- 9780199834495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195144163.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Because Reinhold Niebuhr has been so widely criticized by feminist theologians, a critical retrieval must first examine the extensive charges against him. To this end, this chapter outlines feminist ...
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Because Reinhold Niebuhr has been so widely criticized by feminist theologians, a critical retrieval must first examine the extensive charges against him. To this end, this chapter outlines feminist criticisms of Niebuhr and develops a framework for a feminist reappropriation of Niebuhr that takes into account these criticisms. It is suggested that feminist criticisms of Niebuhr's understanding of gender roles do not fundamentally challenge Niebuhr's model of the free and bound self (human self‐transcendence and boundedness). Indeed, these criticisms actually exemplify the need to recognize the moral significance of both our given bodily reality and our human freedom partially to transcend and transform that givenness. Niebuhr's understanding of human moral experience provides a framework for that recognition.Less
Because Reinhold Niebuhr has been so widely criticized by feminist theologians, a critical retrieval must first examine the extensive charges against him. To this end, this chapter outlines feminist criticisms of Niebuhr and develops a framework for a feminist reappropriation of Niebuhr that takes into account these criticisms. It is suggested that feminist criticisms of Niebuhr's understanding of gender roles do not fundamentally challenge Niebuhr's model of the free and bound self (human self‐transcendence and boundedness). Indeed, these criticisms actually exemplify the need to recognize the moral significance of both our given bodily reality and our human freedom partially to transcend and transform that givenness. Niebuhr's understanding of human moral experience provides a framework for that recognition.
Rebekah L. Miles
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195144161
- eISBN:
- 9780199834495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195144163.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter begins with Reinhold Niebuhr's claim that human experience is both bound and free (human boundedness and human self‐transcendence), and goes on to examine the broader ethical ...
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This chapter begins with Reinhold Niebuhr's claim that human experience is both bound and free (human boundedness and human self‐transcendence), and goes on to examine the broader ethical implications of this claim for feminist theologians and others. Though Niebuhr is drawn on as the primary resource for this position, the alternative offered is not simply Niebuhr dressed up in feminist vocabulary or feminism disguised by Niebuhrian concepts. Niebuhr's “hermeneutic of suspicion” creates a greater ambivalence about the moral status of the natural world and human communities than is necessary in a realist position. Instead, the alternative, a feminist Christian realism, accounts both for feminist criticisms of Niebuhr and for feminism's positive contributions to a realist ethic.Less
This chapter begins with Reinhold Niebuhr's claim that human experience is both bound and free (human boundedness and human self‐transcendence), and goes on to examine the broader ethical implications of this claim for feminist theologians and others. Though Niebuhr is drawn on as the primary resource for this position, the alternative offered is not simply Niebuhr dressed up in feminist vocabulary or feminism disguised by Niebuhrian concepts. Niebuhr's “hermeneutic of suspicion” creates a greater ambivalence about the moral status of the natural world and human communities than is necessary in a realist position. Instead, the alternative, a feminist Christian realism, accounts both for feminist criticisms of Niebuhr and for feminism's positive contributions to a realist ethic.
Rebekah L. Miles
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195144161
- eISBN:
- 9780199834495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195144163.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
An examination is made of Rosemary Radford Ruether's naturalist moral realism, whose naturalist, ecofeminist ethic locates both God (divine presence) and human norms in natural processes, ...
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An examination is made of Rosemary Radford Ruether's naturalist moral realism, whose naturalist, ecofeminist ethic locates both God (divine presence) and human norms in natural processes, particularly in evolution. Transcendence of immediate context and experience is possible through conscious participation in natural evolutionary development into the future. Ruether's moral realism is evident in her confidence that humans can know the good by looking to nature, including human nature, and this same confidence makes her an idealist about the potential to eliminate domination by creating new selves, theologies, and social structures. Moreover, Ruether's description of normative human nature focuses on boundedness to nature and the self's unique faculty of consciousness as an expression of nature; it does not include the human capacity for radical transcendence of or freedom over nature and consciousness. Thus, it is argued, Ruether offers grounding for moral norms in her naturalist moral realism, but she lacks a mechanism to judge those norms and to account for the resilience of human sin and the potential of human creativity to transmute nature.Less
An examination is made of Rosemary Radford Ruether's naturalist moral realism, whose naturalist, ecofeminist ethic locates both God (divine presence) and human norms in natural processes, particularly in evolution. Transcendence of immediate context and experience is possible through conscious participation in natural evolutionary development into the future. Ruether's moral realism is evident in her confidence that humans can know the good by looking to nature, including human nature, and this same confidence makes her an idealist about the potential to eliminate domination by creating new selves, theologies, and social structures. Moreover, Ruether's description of normative human nature focuses on boundedness to nature and the self's unique faculty of consciousness as an expression of nature; it does not include the human capacity for radical transcendence of or freedom over nature and consciousness. Thus, it is argued, Ruether offers grounding for moral norms in her naturalist moral realism, but she lacks a mechanism to judge those norms and to account for the resilience of human sin and the potential of human creativity to transmute nature.
Rebekah L. Miles
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195144161
- eISBN:
- 9780199834495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195144163.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This final chapter points toward an alternative position that critically retrieves the realisms of Rosemary Radford Ruether, Sharon Welch, and Reinhold Niebuhr, and finds a middle way between the ...
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This final chapter points toward an alternative position that critically retrieves the realisms of Rosemary Radford Ruether, Sharon Welch, and Reinhold Niebuhr, and finds a middle way between the idealistic realism about moral grounding found in Ruether and some early feminists, and the radically relative political realism of Welch and some other postmodern feminists. This alternative joins an appeal to human self‐transcendence and divine transcendence with an affirmation of human boundedness and divine presence. At the same time, it takes seriously, Ruether's turn to creation and Welch's turn to community. In this alternative model – a feminist Christian realism – the author hopes to maintain both substantive grounding for moral claims and critical judgment of them.Less
This final chapter points toward an alternative position that critically retrieves the realisms of Rosemary Radford Ruether, Sharon Welch, and Reinhold Niebuhr, and finds a middle way between the idealistic realism about moral grounding found in Ruether and some early feminists, and the radically relative political realism of Welch and some other postmodern feminists. This alternative joins an appeal to human self‐transcendence and divine transcendence with an affirmation of human boundedness and divine presence. At the same time, it takes seriously, Ruether's turn to creation and Welch's turn to community. In this alternative model – a feminist Christian realism – the author hopes to maintain both substantive grounding for moral claims and critical judgment of them.
W. M. Gorman
C. Blackorby and A. F. Shorrocks (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198285212
- eISBN:
- 9780191596322
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198285213.003.0018
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This is an unpublished paper on the problem of capital aggregation in vintage models, which was presented at the First World Congress of the Econometric Society in Rome in 1965. At the beginning of ...
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This is an unpublished paper on the problem of capital aggregation in vintage models, which was presented at the First World Congress of the Econometric Society in Rome in 1965. At the beginning of his investigation, Gorman set out the problem in the primal with constant‐returns‐to‐scale technologies, but after some work he recognized that the solution is related to a concept that he had encountered in differential geometry––the edge of regression, and this led him to reformulate the problem in the dual. The Appendix contains a very detailed treatment of duality and the relationship between production functions and profit functions (Gorman uses the negative of the profit function, which he calls the loss function. Theorem 1 (in the Appendix) is a general equivalence between production and profit functions, while Theorem 2 extends this to production functions with fixed factors and gross profit functions; this leaves, as is usual in these arguments, a certain asymmetry in the duality, as quantities are usually non‐negative whereas prices are positive. Theorem 3 uses a boundedness assumption to establish a full duality.Less
This is an unpublished paper on the problem of capital aggregation in vintage models, which was presented at the First World Congress of the Econometric Society in Rome in 1965. At the beginning of his investigation, Gorman set out the problem in the primal with constant‐returns‐to‐scale technologies, but after some work he recognized that the solution is related to a concept that he had encountered in differential geometry––the edge of regression, and this led him to reformulate the problem in the dual. The Appendix contains a very detailed treatment of duality and the relationship between production functions and profit functions (Gorman uses the negative of the profit function, which he calls the loss function. Theorem 1 (in the Appendix) is a general equivalence between production and profit functions, while Theorem 2 extends this to production functions with fixed factors and gross profit functions; this leaves, as is usual in these arguments, a certain asymmetry in the duality, as quantities are usually non‐negative whereas prices are positive. Theorem 3 uses a boundedness assumption to establish a full duality.
James Davidson
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198774037
- eISBN:
- 9780191596117
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198774036.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
This chapter begins with some fundamental ideas concerning random sequences, and related convergence concepts. It discusses the underlying probability model, and develops the idea of infinite ...
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This chapter begins with some fundamental ideas concerning random sequences, and related convergence concepts. It discusses the underlying probability model, and develops the idea of infinite dimensional Euclidean space and the associated Borel field, leading on to the Kolmogorov consistency theorem. The chapter concludes with consideration of uniform and limiting properties, including uniform boundedness and uniform integrability.Less
This chapter begins with some fundamental ideas concerning random sequences, and related convergence concepts. It discusses the underlying probability model, and develops the idea of infinite dimensional Euclidean space and the associated Borel field, leading on to the Kolmogorov consistency theorem. The chapter concludes with consideration of uniform and limiting properties, including uniform boundedness and uniform integrability.
Benjamin J. Kaplan
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202837
- eISBN:
- 9780191675546
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202837.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter examines Dutch Calvinists, the confessional nature of their piety, and the form of religious community they created as an expression of that piety. It discusses the five qualities ...
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This chapter examines Dutch Calvinists, the confessional nature of their piety, and the form of religious community they created as an expression of that piety. It discusses the five qualities associated with the confessional mode of piety: boundedness, uniformity, hierarchy, moral rigour, and theocracy. It argues that the main appeal of ‘discipline and order’ was that these were practical tools of great power for achieving religious reform; they also gave religious groups the strength to survive and compete in a divided, hostile world. More importantly, however, they addressed deep and widespread psychological needs.Less
This chapter examines Dutch Calvinists, the confessional nature of their piety, and the form of religious community they created as an expression of that piety. It discusses the five qualities associated with the confessional mode of piety: boundedness, uniformity, hierarchy, moral rigour, and theocracy. It argues that the main appeal of ‘discipline and order’ was that these were practical tools of great power for achieving religious reform; they also gave religious groups the strength to survive and compete in a divided, hostile world. More importantly, however, they addressed deep and widespread psychological needs.
STEPHEN WECHSLER
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199280445
- eISBN:
- 9780191712845
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199280445.003.0012
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter presents a novel semantic analysis of the English resultative construction that crucially models telicity (aspectual boundedness) in terms of the event-argument homomorphism model ...
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This chapter presents a novel semantic analysis of the English resultative construction that crucially models telicity (aspectual boundedness) in terms of the event-argument homomorphism model (Krifka 1998) rather than the commonly assumed result state model (Dowty 1979). This assumption, together with recent insights on the semantics of scalar adjectives (Hay et al. 1999; Kennedy 1999; Kennedy and McNally 1999), leads us to an explanation for a myriad of facts. Corpus data from Boas (2000) strongly support our conclusions. The central idea of this analysis is that resultatives involve an abstract ‘path’ argument corresponding to degrees along the scale denoted by the resultative predicate.Less
This chapter presents a novel semantic analysis of the English resultative construction that crucially models telicity (aspectual boundedness) in terms of the event-argument homomorphism model (Krifka 1998) rather than the commonly assumed result state model (Dowty 1979). This assumption, together with recent insights on the semantics of scalar adjectives (Hay et al. 1999; Kennedy 1999; Kennedy and McNally 1999), leads us to an explanation for a myriad of facts. Corpus data from Boas (2000) strongly support our conclusions. The central idea of this analysis is that resultatives involve an abstract ‘path’ argument corresponding to degrees along the scale denoted by the resultative predicate.
William Croft
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199248582
- eISBN:
- 9780191740657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248582.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, English Language
Chapter 3, “Change, boundedness and construal”, analyzes a number of grammatical aspect phenomena in terms of the two-dimensional model introduced in chapter 2. Events may be incremental or scalar in ...
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Chapter 3, “Change, boundedness and construal”, analyzes a number of grammatical aspect phenomena in terms of the two-dimensional model introduced in chapter 2. Events may be incremental or scalar in different ways, but all of them can be represented as a continuous scale on the q dimension. Events may be bounded on the q dimension (telicity), or on the t dimension, or on both. The alternative aspectual interpretations of the same event in different tense-aspect constructions can be accounted for by a small number of construal operations, including profile shift and scalar adjustment. The chapter concludes with brief analyses of aspect in Russian, specifically the contrast between Determinate and Indeterminate verbs of motion, and the contrast between Perfective and Imperfective aspectual forms.Less
Chapter 3, “Change, boundedness and construal”, analyzes a number of grammatical aspect phenomena in terms of the two-dimensional model introduced in chapter 2. Events may be incremental or scalar in different ways, but all of them can be represented as a continuous scale on the q dimension. Events may be bounded on the q dimension (telicity), or on the t dimension, or on both. The alternative aspectual interpretations of the same event in different tense-aspect constructions can be accounted for by a small number of construal operations, including profile shift and scalar adjustment. The chapter concludes with brief analyses of aspect in Russian, specifically the contrast between Determinate and Indeterminate verbs of motion, and the contrast between Perfective and Imperfective aspectual forms.
Robert Truswell
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199577774
- eISBN:
- 9780191725319
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577774.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Semantics and Pragmatics
This chapter describes the structure of core events. Core events are discrete perceptual units carved out of the continuous flow of happenings in the real world. A core event consists of two optional ...
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This chapter describes the structure of core events. Core events are discrete perceptual units carved out of the continuous flow of happenings in the real world. A core event consists of two optional subevents related by direct causation: a temporally extended, unbounded process, and a culmination, or instant of change. Neither discrete events nor direct causal relations are inherent in the happenings the chapter perceives. Instead, they arise through a pragmatic process of coarse-graining. This chapter also introduces Fodor's Generalization, that a single verb phrase describes a single event. This gives a heuristic linguistic test for when two subevents can form a macroevent: if two subevents related by a relation R can be described by a single verb phrase, then that relation must be sufficient for those two subevents to form a single macroevent. Such relations are called contingent relations.Less
This chapter describes the structure of core events. Core events are discrete perceptual units carved out of the continuous flow of happenings in the real world. A core event consists of two optional subevents related by direct causation: a temporally extended, unbounded process, and a culmination, or instant of change. Neither discrete events nor direct causal relations are inherent in the happenings the chapter perceives. Instead, they arise through a pragmatic process of coarse-graining. This chapter also introduces Fodor's Generalization, that a single verb phrase describes a single event. This gives a heuristic linguistic test for when two subevents can form a macroevent: if two subevents related by a relation R can be described by a single verb phrase, then that relation must be sufficient for those two subevents to form a single macroevent. Such relations are called contingent relations.
Martina Wiltschko
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199654277
- eISBN:
- 9780191746048
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654277.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter establishes that not all languages have a grammaticized mass/count distinction and consequently we have to distinguish between ontological properties associated with nouns and ...
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This chapter establishes that not all languages have a grammaticized mass/count distinction and consequently we have to distinguish between ontological properties associated with nouns and categorical properties associated with a functional category dominating these nouns. It is argued that the categorical properties associated with the mass/count distinction are tied to a functional category identified as nominal inner aspect. This category can host the feature responsible for the mass/count distinction (i.e, [± bounded]). It is further shown that languages lacking a categorical mass/count distinction come in at least two varieties. They can lack the functional category which may host the [±bounded] feature (Halkomelem). Alternatively, they can associated a different feature with inner aspect. In particular, it is shown that in Blackfoot [±animate] associates with inner aspect. Consequently, in this language, it is animacy, rather than mass/count which serves as the nominal classification device.Less
This chapter establishes that not all languages have a grammaticized mass/count distinction and consequently we have to distinguish between ontological properties associated with nouns and categorical properties associated with a functional category dominating these nouns. It is argued that the categorical properties associated with the mass/count distinction are tied to a functional category identified as nominal inner aspect. This category can host the feature responsible for the mass/count distinction (i.e, [± bounded]). It is further shown that languages lacking a categorical mass/count distinction come in at least two varieties. They can lack the functional category which may host the [±bounded] feature (Halkomelem). Alternatively, they can associated a different feature with inner aspect. In particular, it is shown that in Blackfoot [±animate] associates with inner aspect. Consequently, in this language, it is animacy, rather than mass/count which serves as the nominal classification device.
Karine Megerdoomian
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262062787
- eISBN:
- 9780262273152
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262062787.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics
This chapter examines the correlation between the noun phrase and the verb phrase by focusing on the morphological and semantic properties of Case and agreement in a number of languages including ...
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This chapter examines the correlation between the noun phrase and the verb phrase by focusing on the morphological and semantic properties of Case and agreement in a number of languages including Finnish, Scots Gaelic, and Eastern Armenian. Drawing on unpublished work of Jean-Roger Vergnaud, it argues that nominal and verbal phrases constitute a fixed set of primitive elements having a root, a category feature, and functional features of aspect and reference. The former functional feature is associated with an interpretation denoting “boundedness” while the latter is associated with an interpretation concerning “instantiation.” The chapter also discusses functional projections in the determiner phrase, checking relations and structural case, subjects, and Case marking in Eastern Armenian and Finnish.Less
This chapter examines the correlation between the noun phrase and the verb phrase by focusing on the morphological and semantic properties of Case and agreement in a number of languages including Finnish, Scots Gaelic, and Eastern Armenian. Drawing on unpublished work of Jean-Roger Vergnaud, it argues that nominal and verbal phrases constitute a fixed set of primitive elements having a root, a category feature, and functional features of aspect and reference. The former functional feature is associated with an interpretation denoting “boundedness” while the latter is associated with an interpretation concerning “instantiation.” The chapter also discusses functional projections in the determiner phrase, checking relations and structural case, subjects, and Case marking in Eastern Armenian and Finnish.
Leiba Rodman
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691161853
- eISBN:
- 9781400852741
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691161853.003.0010
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Algebra
This chapter studies matrices (or linear transformations) that are selfadjoint or skewadjoint with respect to a nondegenerate hermitian or skewhermitian inner product. As an application of the ...
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This chapter studies matrices (or linear transformations) that are selfadjoint or skewadjoint with respect to a nondegenerate hermitian or skewhermitian inner product. As an application of the canonical forms obtained in chapters 8 and 9, canonical forms for such matrices are derived in this chapter. Matrices that are skewadjoint with respect to skewhermitian inner products are known as Hamiltonian matrices; they play a key role in many applications such as linear control systems. The canonical forms reveal invariant Lagrangian subspaces; in particular, they give criteria for existence of such subspaces. Another application involves boundedness and stable boundedness of linear systems of differential equations with constant coefficients under suitable symmetry requirements.Less
This chapter studies matrices (or linear transformations) that are selfadjoint or skewadjoint with respect to a nondegenerate hermitian or skewhermitian inner product. As an application of the canonical forms obtained in chapters 8 and 9, canonical forms for such matrices are derived in this chapter. Matrices that are skewadjoint with respect to skewhermitian inner products are known as Hamiltonian matrices; they play a key role in many applications such as linear control systems. The canonical forms reveal invariant Lagrangian subspaces; in particular, they give criteria for existence of such subspaces. Another application involves boundedness and stable boundedness of linear systems of differential equations with constant coefficients under suitable symmetry requirements.
Camil Muscalu, Terence Tao, and Christoph Thiele
Charles Fefferman, Alexandru D. Ionescu, D. H. Phong, and Stephen Wainger (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159416
- eISBN:
- 9781400848935
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159416.003.0014
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Numerical Analysis
This chapter introduces two sets of theorems based on a study of the Littlewood–Paley boundedness properties of a tri-linear operator. It generalizes and proves similar estimates for multi-linear ...
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This chapter introduces two sets of theorems based on a study of the Littlewood–Paley boundedness properties of a tri-linear operator. It generalizes and proves similar estimates for multi-linear multipliers whose symbols are given by characteristic functions of simplexes of arbitrary length. The chapter introduces the so-called AKNS systems, which play an important role in nuclear physics, and describes their connection with certain operators. Then, the rest of the chapter is devoted to the proof of a third theorem, which has been derived from the first two. To conclude, the chapter also proves the “delicate Bessel” Lemma which plays an important role in the argument.Less
This chapter introduces two sets of theorems based on a study of the Littlewood–Paley boundedness properties of a tri-linear operator. It generalizes and proves similar estimates for multi-linear multipliers whose symbols are given by characteristic functions of simplexes of arbitrary length. The chapter introduces the so-called AKNS systems, which play an important role in nuclear physics, and describes their connection with certain operators. Then, the rest of the chapter is devoted to the proof of a third theorem, which has been derived from the first two. To conclude, the chapter also proves the “delicate Bessel” Lemma which plays an important role in the argument.
