Amy C. Steinbugler
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199743551
- eISBN:
- 9780199979370
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199743551.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter moves the focus from the internal dynamics of the relationship into the realm of identity. It introduces the fourth and final type of racework: boundary work. Boundary work helps ...
More
This chapter moves the focus from the internal dynamics of the relationship into the realm of identity. It introduces the fourth and final type of racework: boundary work. Boundary work helps individuals reshape the meanings of social identities, especially when these identities are subordinated. The chapter begins by examining the exclusionary and inclusionary boundary work that interracial partners use to separate themselves as individuals from particular interracial stereotypes. It then shifts the analysis to “couple identity” to explore how partners construct interracial intimacy more broadly. It explains how study participants frame the significance of race in their own relationships. Their perspectives range from colorblind to race-conscious, with an intermediate stance that incorporates elements of each. The last section of the chapter considers how sexuality affects interpretations of interracial intimacy. It discusses how heterosexuality functions as a symbolic resource for straight couples, allowing them to deflect stereotypes of deviance and to practice boundary work by blurring distinctions between themselves and same-race couples, whose relationships are generally regarded as positive, healthy, and legitimate. Lesbian and gay Black/White couples, on the other hand, experience sexuality not as a resource, but rather as an identity that intersects with interraciality in multiple, sometimes contradictory, ways.Less
This chapter moves the focus from the internal dynamics of the relationship into the realm of identity. It introduces the fourth and final type of racework: boundary work. Boundary work helps individuals reshape the meanings of social identities, especially when these identities are subordinated. The chapter begins by examining the exclusionary and inclusionary boundary work that interracial partners use to separate themselves as individuals from particular interracial stereotypes. It then shifts the analysis to “couple identity” to explore how partners construct interracial intimacy more broadly. It explains how study participants frame the significance of race in their own relationships. Their perspectives range from colorblind to race-conscious, with an intermediate stance that incorporates elements of each. The last section of the chapter considers how sexuality affects interpretations of interracial intimacy. It discusses how heterosexuality functions as a symbolic resource for straight couples, allowing them to deflect stereotypes of deviance and to practice boundary work by blurring distinctions between themselves and same-race couples, whose relationships are generally regarded as positive, healthy, and legitimate. Lesbian and gay Black/White couples, on the other hand, experience sexuality not as a resource, but rather as an identity that intersects with interraciality in multiple, sometimes contradictory, ways.
Colleen Derkatch
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226345840
- eISBN:
- 9780226345987
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226345987.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This book investigates scientific studies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as episodes of scientific boundary work that shift, and then seek to fix, the boundaries between what counts ...
More
This book investigates scientific studies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as episodes of scientific boundary work that shift, and then seek to fix, the boundaries between what counts as proper medical science and what does not. Drawing on scholarship in rhetoric of science and medicine and science and technology studies, it shows how biomedicine itself responds to challenges both to its borders and its social and epistemic authority. Set against the backdrop of evidence-based medicine, it examines the rhetorical constituents of biomedical boundary work by analyzing a set of CAM-themed issues of the journals of the American Medical Association from 1998 and related textual artifacts. To answer the key question, “How does the notion of evidence determine the boundaries of biomedicine, from expert to public contexts?” the book examines the theme issues and related medical and public discourse to illuminate how members of a culturally dominant profession evaluate medical therapies in the face of disciplinary unrest, both within and beyond the borders of their profession. The chapters move from contexts internal to medicine to those external, mapping, sequentially, the historical-professional, epistemological, clinical, and popular dimensions of biomedical boundary work. The book provides a more nuanced, stratified account of the rhetorical negotiation of medical and scientific boundaries. Its main claim is that, despite the willingness of many medical researchers and practitioners to elide distinctions between mainstream and alternative medicine, this research on CAM, and its related activities (publication, clinical practice), ultimately strengthen those distinctions and expand science’s authority in medicine.Less
This book investigates scientific studies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as episodes of scientific boundary work that shift, and then seek to fix, the boundaries between what counts as proper medical science and what does not. Drawing on scholarship in rhetoric of science and medicine and science and technology studies, it shows how biomedicine itself responds to challenges both to its borders and its social and epistemic authority. Set against the backdrop of evidence-based medicine, it examines the rhetorical constituents of biomedical boundary work by analyzing a set of CAM-themed issues of the journals of the American Medical Association from 1998 and related textual artifacts. To answer the key question, “How does the notion of evidence determine the boundaries of biomedicine, from expert to public contexts?” the book examines the theme issues and related medical and public discourse to illuminate how members of a culturally dominant profession evaluate medical therapies in the face of disciplinary unrest, both within and beyond the borders of their profession. The chapters move from contexts internal to medicine to those external, mapping, sequentially, the historical-professional, epistemological, clinical, and popular dimensions of biomedical boundary work. The book provides a more nuanced, stratified account of the rhetorical negotiation of medical and scientific boundaries. Its main claim is that, despite the willingness of many medical researchers and practitioners to elide distinctions between mainstream and alternative medicine, this research on CAM, and its related activities (publication, clinical practice), ultimately strengthen those distinctions and expand science’s authority in medicine.
Diane Vaughan
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- May 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780226796406
- eISBN:
- 9780226796543
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226796543.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
Dead Reckoning is an early marine navigational term referring to the prediction of the position of an object in space and time by deduction, without benefit of direct observation or evidence. This ...
More
Dead Reckoning is an early marine navigational term referring to the prediction of the position of an object in space and time by deduction, without benefit of direct observation or evidence. This book explores dead reckoning in air traffic control in the early twentieth century. The air traffic control system has an extraordinary track record for getting things right. What makes this system so safe, or is it? – and, what is it that air traffic controllers do that technology can’t replace? Controllers work in a large complex organizational system vulnerable to an ever-changing institutional environment. As a result, air traffic controllers’ work also changes in response to economic conditions, technological innovation, and public and political pressure, often increasing risk. Dead Reckoning explores the changing nature of work over time. The ethnography narrows in on controllers and their technologies as they move aircraft across the boundaries of sky and ground. It shows how skill is embedded in individuals and workgroups but also how the institutional system in which they live and with which they must interact shapes their work. Routinely, controllers combine their technologies of coordination and control with dead reckoning – interpretive work, ethnocognition, and boundary work – supplying the resilience that provides the dynamic flexibility of the system’s parts and therefore, safety and system persistence. Even as the book warns about complex organizational systems and the liabilities of technological and organizational innovations, it shows the kinds of problem-solving solutions that evolve over time and the importance of people.Less
Dead Reckoning is an early marine navigational term referring to the prediction of the position of an object in space and time by deduction, without benefit of direct observation or evidence. This book explores dead reckoning in air traffic control in the early twentieth century. The air traffic control system has an extraordinary track record for getting things right. What makes this system so safe, or is it? – and, what is it that air traffic controllers do that technology can’t replace? Controllers work in a large complex organizational system vulnerable to an ever-changing institutional environment. As a result, air traffic controllers’ work also changes in response to economic conditions, technological innovation, and public and political pressure, often increasing risk. Dead Reckoning explores the changing nature of work over time. The ethnography narrows in on controllers and their technologies as they move aircraft across the boundaries of sky and ground. It shows how skill is embedded in individuals and workgroups but also how the institutional system in which they live and with which they must interact shapes their work. Routinely, controllers combine their technologies of coordination and control with dead reckoning – interpretive work, ethnocognition, and boundary work – supplying the resilience that provides the dynamic flexibility of the system’s parts and therefore, safety and system persistence. Even as the book warns about complex organizational systems and the liabilities of technological and organizational innovations, it shows the kinds of problem-solving solutions that evolve over time and the importance of people.
Phaedra Daipha
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226298542
- eISBN:
- 9780226298719
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226298719.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
Centered on the unfolding and eventual closure of a recent, highly contentious operational transition at the NWS, this chapter introduces readers to the institutionalized environment in which NWS ...
More
Centered on the unfolding and eventual closure of a recent, highly contentious operational transition at the NWS, this chapter introduces readers to the institutionalized environment in which NWS forecasters operate today, and to the operational philosophy, technologies, and identity politics through which its logic becomes articulated on the ground. The aim is to provide a balanced perspective on how institutional forces can, and cannot, structure decision-making in action. Attention is drawn to the typically invisible but profound role of technical standards and knowledge infrastructures for forging a community of practice. The argument is richly fleshed out through the experiences, practices, and points of view of meteorologists working at one forecasting office of the NWS.Less
Centered on the unfolding and eventual closure of a recent, highly contentious operational transition at the NWS, this chapter introduces readers to the institutionalized environment in which NWS forecasters operate today, and to the operational philosophy, technologies, and identity politics through which its logic becomes articulated on the ground. The aim is to provide a balanced perspective on how institutional forces can, and cannot, structure decision-making in action. Attention is drawn to the typically invisible but profound role of technical standards and knowledge infrastructures for forging a community of practice. The argument is richly fleshed out through the experiences, practices, and points of view of meteorologists working at one forecasting office of the NWS.
Christopher Hall and Stef Slembrouck
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781447356639
- eISBN:
- 9781447356677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447356639.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
The chapter describes how information sharing and multi-agency coordination is established as a central concern of child protection policy and procedure in England. It looks at Core Group Meetings as ...
More
The chapter describes how information sharing and multi-agency coordination is established as a central concern of child protection policy and procedure in England. It looks at Core Group Meetings as the ‘control room’ of multi-agency work. The analysis draws on framing and boundary work to explore how professionals from different agencies contribute to multi-agency meetings and examines the activities of the chair in terms of framing turns and topics. It demonstrates how different professionals ensure that their presence is established in the meeting. The conclusion is that managing professional contributions involves complex boundary work by all participants.Less
The chapter describes how information sharing and multi-agency coordination is established as a central concern of child protection policy and procedure in England. It looks at Core Group Meetings as the ‘control room’ of multi-agency work. The analysis draws on framing and boundary work to explore how professionals from different agencies contribute to multi-agency meetings and examines the activities of the chair in terms of framing turns and topics. It demonstrates how different professionals ensure that their presence is established in the meeting. The conclusion is that managing professional contributions involves complex boundary work by all participants.
Julie Thompson Klein
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- August 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197571149
- eISBN:
- 9780197571187
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197571149.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
Beyond Interdisciplinarity examines the broadening meaning, heterogeneity, and boundary work of interdisciplinarity. It includes both crossdisciplinary work (encompassing multi-, inter-, and ...
More
Beyond Interdisciplinarity examines the broadening meaning, heterogeneity, and boundary work of interdisciplinarity. It includes both crossdisciplinary work (encompassing multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary forms) as well as cross-sector work (spanning disciplines, fields, professions, government and industry, and communities in the North and South). Part I defines boundary work, discourses of interdisciplinarity, and the nature of interdisciplinary fields and interdisciplines. Part II examines dynamics of working across boundaries, including communicating, collaborating, and learning in research projects and programs, with a closing chapter on failing and succeeding along with gateways to literature and other resources. The conceptual framework is based on an ecology of spatializing practices in transaction spaces, including trading zones and communities of practice. Boundary objects, boundary agents, and boundary organizations play a vital role in brokering differences for platforming change in contexts ranging from small projects to new fields to international initiatives. Translation, interlanguage, and a communication boundary space are vital to achieving intersubjectivity and collective identity, fostering not only pragmatics of negotiation and integration but also reflexivity, transactivity, and co-production of knowledge with stakeholders beyond the academy. Rhetorics of holism and synthesis compete with instrumentalities of problem solving and innovation as well as transgressive critique. Yet typical warrants today include complexity, contextualization, collaboration, and socially robust knowledge. The book also emphasizes the roles of contextualization and historical change while accounting for the shifting relationship of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity, the ascendancy of transdisciplinarity, and intersections with other constructs, including Mode 2 knowledge production, convergence, team science, and postdisciplinarity.Less
Beyond Interdisciplinarity examines the broadening meaning, heterogeneity, and boundary work of interdisciplinarity. It includes both crossdisciplinary work (encompassing multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary forms) as well as cross-sector work (spanning disciplines, fields, professions, government and industry, and communities in the North and South). Part I defines boundary work, discourses of interdisciplinarity, and the nature of interdisciplinary fields and interdisciplines. Part II examines dynamics of working across boundaries, including communicating, collaborating, and learning in research projects and programs, with a closing chapter on failing and succeeding along with gateways to literature and other resources. The conceptual framework is based on an ecology of spatializing practices in transaction spaces, including trading zones and communities of practice. Boundary objects, boundary agents, and boundary organizations play a vital role in brokering differences for platforming change in contexts ranging from small projects to new fields to international initiatives. Translation, interlanguage, and a communication boundary space are vital to achieving intersubjectivity and collective identity, fostering not only pragmatics of negotiation and integration but also reflexivity, transactivity, and co-production of knowledge with stakeholders beyond the academy. Rhetorics of holism and synthesis compete with instrumentalities of problem solving and innovation as well as transgressive critique. Yet typical warrants today include complexity, contextualization, collaboration, and socially robust knowledge. The book also emphasizes the roles of contextualization and historical change while accounting for the shifting relationship of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity, the ascendancy of transdisciplinarity, and intersections with other constructs, including Mode 2 knowledge production, convergence, team science, and postdisciplinarity.
Hedwig Fraunhofer
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474467438
- eISBN:
- 9781474491051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467438.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter offers a descriptive reading of Artaud’s most famous play, The Cenci (1935), that respects the materiality and temporality of Artaud’s text, while also including a discussion of the ...
More
This chapter offers a descriptive reading of Artaud’s most famous play, The Cenci (1935), that respects the materiality and temporality of Artaud’s text, while also including a discussion of the play’s sparse production history. Breaking down immunitarian walls between self and other, Artaud’s theatre of cruelty provides a performative assemblage of human and nonhuman actors or actants, (human) spectators, non-verbal theatrical tools, and forces and energies that transverses the binary distinction between materiality and mind, aesthetic perception and meaning. Together with Brechtian theatre and the theatre of the absurd, Artaud’s use of space and the mythical and ritual dimension of his theatrical vision constitute the end of “fourth-wall realism,” prefiguring the postdramatic, “dialogue-less” theatre of the 1960s to 90s. Inspiring Deleuze’s view of art, Artaud’s theatre brings us to the limits of what our embodied selves can endure and to the limits of representation, opening the horizon of death. In this sense, as the experience of limits, theatre is again what theatre scholar Una Chaudhuri calls “boundary work”.Less
This chapter offers a descriptive reading of Artaud’s most famous play, The Cenci (1935), that respects the materiality and temporality of Artaud’s text, while also including a discussion of the play’s sparse production history. Breaking down immunitarian walls between self and other, Artaud’s theatre of cruelty provides a performative assemblage of human and nonhuman actors or actants, (human) spectators, non-verbal theatrical tools, and forces and energies that transverses the binary distinction between materiality and mind, aesthetic perception and meaning. Together with Brechtian theatre and the theatre of the absurd, Artaud’s use of space and the mythical and ritual dimension of his theatrical vision constitute the end of “fourth-wall realism,” prefiguring the postdramatic, “dialogue-less” theatre of the 1960s to 90s. Inspiring Deleuze’s view of art, Artaud’s theatre brings us to the limits of what our embodied selves can endure and to the limits of representation, opening the horizon of death. In this sense, as the experience of limits, theatre is again what theatre scholar Una Chaudhuri calls “boundary work”.
Hedwig Fraunhofer
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474467438
- eISBN:
- 9781474491051
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467438.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
Inspired by the work of Niels Bohr, the quantum physicist and philosopher Karen Barad refers to apparatuses as “device[s] for making and remaking boundaries”. Although theatrical performances are not ...
More
Inspired by the work of Niels Bohr, the quantum physicist and philosopher Karen Barad refers to apparatuses as “device[s] for making and remaking boundaries”. Although theatrical performances are not necessarily the same as the performative enactments Barad describes, theatre as an apparatus is in a prime position for such boundary work. This book has specifically followed how the modern stage has generated and challenged the immunitary, biopolitical boundaries of nineteenth and twentieth century European society. Given that Bruno Latour as well has advised us to think of objects not in terms of substances but rather as performances, theatre is in a more than advantageous position to benefit from the insights of the recent material turn in philosophy and culture– and the material turn from theatre.Less
Inspired by the work of Niels Bohr, the quantum physicist and philosopher Karen Barad refers to apparatuses as “device[s] for making and remaking boundaries”. Although theatrical performances are not necessarily the same as the performative enactments Barad describes, theatre as an apparatus is in a prime position for such boundary work. This book has specifically followed how the modern stage has generated and challenged the immunitary, biopolitical boundaries of nineteenth and twentieth century European society. Given that Bruno Latour as well has advised us to think of objects not in terms of substances but rather as performances, theatre is in a more than advantageous position to benefit from the insights of the recent material turn in philosophy and culture– and the material turn from theatre.
Steven M. Ortiz
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780252043161
- eISBN:
- 9780252052040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252043161.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sport and Leisure
This chapter identifies and examines personal and occupational realities that strongly influence the sport marriage and the wives’ lived experience. Key concepts emerging from the research are ...
More
This chapter identifies and examines personal and occupational realities that strongly influence the sport marriage and the wives’ lived experience. Key concepts emerging from the research are introduced: the spoiled athlete syndrome, motherization, boundary work, the virgin-prostitute syndrome, organizational dominance, an institutionalized brotherhood, and a culture of infidelity. It discusses the wife’s internalization of a “we” partnership and the couple’s construction of marital teamwork, an arrangement that usually benefits the husbands rather than the wives. It describes a hierarchy of wives that mirrors the husbands’ team and occupational status and the institutional brotherhood of teammates that strongly influences the husbands’ interpretations of masculinity, normalizes male dominance, and sanctions the husbands’ extramarital activities. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implicit marital bargain between couples in most sport marriages.Less
This chapter identifies and examines personal and occupational realities that strongly influence the sport marriage and the wives’ lived experience. Key concepts emerging from the research are introduced: the spoiled athlete syndrome, motherization, boundary work, the virgin-prostitute syndrome, organizational dominance, an institutionalized brotherhood, and a culture of infidelity. It discusses the wife’s internalization of a “we” partnership and the couple’s construction of marital teamwork, an arrangement that usually benefits the husbands rather than the wives. It describes a hierarchy of wives that mirrors the husbands’ team and occupational status and the institutional brotherhood of teammates that strongly influences the husbands’ interpretations of masculinity, normalizes male dominance, and sanctions the husbands’ extramarital activities. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implicit marital bargain between couples in most sport marriages.
Susanne Schmidt
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226686851
- eISBN:
- 9780226686998
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226686998.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
For all the success, Passages was not to everybody’s liking—and if Sheehy’s feminist framework and engagement with social science made her concept of midlife crisis popular, they also constituted a ...
More
For all the success, Passages was not to everybody’s liking—and if Sheehy’s feminist framework and engagement with social science made her concept of midlife crisis popular, they also constituted a critical target. The most influential criticism came from psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychoanalysts. Rather than rejecting the idea of middle life reinvention, they appropriated and reversed it. Chapter 5 makes visible the anti-feminist politics that motivated the redefinition of the midlife crisis and shows how the notion of popularization was weaponized to silence Sheehy. In the wake of Passages, the psychologist Daniel Levinson and the psychiatrists George Vaillant and Roger Gould advanced a male-centered definition of midlife rejuvenation that echoed Playboy fantasies and barred women from changing their lives. Demarcating “professional” from “popularized” science allowed them not just to discredit Sheehy’s authority, as other instruments of boundary work would have done; it also created expert competence over a concept of popular culture: Levinson, Vaillant, and Gould cast Sheehy’s bestseller as a watered-down version of their own research. This was successful: anti-feminism was allowed to parade as better science and the term “midlife crisis” was now primarily connected to men and corroborated, rather than abolished, traditional gender hierarchies.Less
For all the success, Passages was not to everybody’s liking—and if Sheehy’s feminist framework and engagement with social science made her concept of midlife crisis popular, they also constituted a critical target. The most influential criticism came from psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychoanalysts. Rather than rejecting the idea of middle life reinvention, they appropriated and reversed it. Chapter 5 makes visible the anti-feminist politics that motivated the redefinition of the midlife crisis and shows how the notion of popularization was weaponized to silence Sheehy. In the wake of Passages, the psychologist Daniel Levinson and the psychiatrists George Vaillant and Roger Gould advanced a male-centered definition of midlife rejuvenation that echoed Playboy fantasies and barred women from changing their lives. Demarcating “professional” from “popularized” science allowed them not just to discredit Sheehy’s authority, as other instruments of boundary work would have done; it also created expert competence over a concept of popular culture: Levinson, Vaillant, and Gould cast Sheehy’s bestseller as a watered-down version of their own research. This was successful: anti-feminism was allowed to parade as better science and the term “midlife crisis” was now primarily connected to men and corroborated, rather than abolished, traditional gender hierarchies.
Susan Greenhalgh
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520253384
- eISBN:
- 9780520941267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520253384.003.0006
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter focuses on the “scientific revolution” in Chengdu. The discussion begins with the immediate political context, and emphasizes the urgent need of the population officials for new ...
More
This chapter focuses on the “scientific revolution” in Chengdu. The discussion begins with the immediate political context, and emphasizes the urgent need of the population officials for new techniques and rationales, as well as the inability of China's social scientists to provide them. Next, it studies the rhetorical boundary work where natural scientists separate their science from the present social science of population. The chapter then discusses in detail the boundary work of scientists, and demonstrates how they placed their science outside Maoist politics and Marxist ideology. It also records the positive response of the new science of population by China's population officials.Less
This chapter focuses on the “scientific revolution” in Chengdu. The discussion begins with the immediate political context, and emphasizes the urgent need of the population officials for new techniques and rationales, as well as the inability of China's social scientists to provide them. Next, it studies the rhetorical boundary work where natural scientists separate their science from the present social science of population. The chapter then discusses in detail the boundary work of scientists, and demonstrates how they placed their science outside Maoist politics and Marxist ideology. It also records the positive response of the new science of population by China's population officials.
Fredrik Meiton
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520295889
- eISBN:
- 9780520968486
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520295889.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
Chapter 3 focuses on the electrification of Jaffa, the first practical step in Rutenberg’s countrywide electrification scheme. For the Palestinians, electrification helped constitute Palestine, ...
More
Chapter 3 focuses on the electrification of Jaffa, the first practical step in Rutenberg’s countrywide electrification scheme. For the Palestinians, electrification helped constitute Palestine, conceptually and materially, as an object of national politics. The tactics that the nationalist movement adopted began from a technological fact, namely the young electric grid’s vulnerability to sabotage, which the Palestinians used to gain purchase for their political demands. Rutenberg countered with boundary work. He denied the political quality of his work, endeavored to align his project with a free-market rationale, and emphasized the technological exigency that supposedly governed the grid’s development. In so doing, he managed to characterize Palestinian opposition as politically motivated, in contrast to his own scientific posture.Less
Chapter 3 focuses on the electrification of Jaffa, the first practical step in Rutenberg’s countrywide electrification scheme. For the Palestinians, electrification helped constitute Palestine, conceptually and materially, as an object of national politics. The tactics that the nationalist movement adopted began from a technological fact, namely the young electric grid’s vulnerability to sabotage, which the Palestinians used to gain purchase for their political demands. Rutenberg countered with boundary work. He denied the political quality of his work, endeavored to align his project with a free-market rationale, and emphasized the technological exigency that supposedly governed the grid’s development. In so doing, he managed to characterize Palestinian opposition as politically motivated, in contrast to his own scientific posture.
Hjalmar Fors
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226194998
- eISBN:
- 9780226195049
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226195049.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This is a book about how the modern notion of materiality was established during the period c. 1680-1760. It studies what natural philosophers engaged in chemistry and mineralogy said about phenomena ...
More
This is a book about how the modern notion of materiality was established during the period c. 1680-1760. It studies what natural philosophers engaged in chemistry and mineralogy said about phenomena such as witchcraft, trolls and subtle matters, and relates this discourse to their innovations in matter theory. In this way it takes the debate about Enlightenment, which has mostly been confined to fields such as the history of philosophy, theology and physics, into a new arena. It shows how alchemists, chemists, mineralogists, assayers and mining officials contributed to enlightenment discourse about matter by defining some objects as natural and others as out of the ordinary and probably non-existant. It pins an important epistemological change in European culture to the emerging notion that metals should be considered elemental substances, or basic building blocks of matter. It also shows the importance of circulation between different regions and social groups for the production of knowledge about nature. Finally, it introduces one of the most productive contact zones with regards to chymistry, mineralogy and mining knowledge in late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe: the Bureau of Mines (Bergskollegium) of the Swedish state. Its focus on the Bureau’s role in transnational knowledge exchanges opens up new perspectives on the relationship between science and the central philosophical debates of the late seventeenth- and eighteenth century.Less
This is a book about how the modern notion of materiality was established during the period c. 1680-1760. It studies what natural philosophers engaged in chemistry and mineralogy said about phenomena such as witchcraft, trolls and subtle matters, and relates this discourse to their innovations in matter theory. In this way it takes the debate about Enlightenment, which has mostly been confined to fields such as the history of philosophy, theology and physics, into a new arena. It shows how alchemists, chemists, mineralogists, assayers and mining officials contributed to enlightenment discourse about matter by defining some objects as natural and others as out of the ordinary and probably non-existant. It pins an important epistemological change in European culture to the emerging notion that metals should be considered elemental substances, or basic building blocks of matter. It also shows the importance of circulation between different regions and social groups for the production of knowledge about nature. Finally, it introduces one of the most productive contact zones with regards to chymistry, mineralogy and mining knowledge in late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe: the Bureau of Mines (Bergskollegium) of the Swedish state. Its focus on the Bureau’s role in transnational knowledge exchanges opens up new perspectives on the relationship between science and the central philosophical debates of the late seventeenth- and eighteenth century.
Andrew Chadwick
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199759477
- eISBN:
- 9780199345113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199759477.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Chapters 8 and 9 employ an ethnographic approach to explore in more detail the hybrid media system's evolving norms. Here the context switches back to Britain and the analysis draws upon evidence the ...
More
Chapters 8 and 9 employ an ethnographic approach to explore in more detail the hybrid media system's evolving norms. Here the context switches back to Britain and the analysis draws upon evidence the author gathered from insider interviews in 2010, 2011, and 2012 with those working in a range of organizations at the heart of Britain's media-politics nexus in London. Chapter 8 draws upon fieldwork among journalists; program-makers and editors working in radio, television, newspaper, magazine, and news agency organizations; independent bloggers; and senior regulatory staff at the Office of Communications (OFCOM) and the Press Complaints Commission (PCC). This ethnography reveals much boundary-drawing, boundary-blurring, and boundary-crossing, as the logics of older and newer media interact, compete, and coevolve.Less
Chapters 8 and 9 employ an ethnographic approach to explore in more detail the hybrid media system's evolving norms. Here the context switches back to Britain and the analysis draws upon evidence the author gathered from insider interviews in 2010, 2011, and 2012 with those working in a range of organizations at the heart of Britain's media-politics nexus in London. Chapter 8 draws upon fieldwork among journalists; program-makers and editors working in radio, television, newspaper, magazine, and news agency organizations; independent bloggers; and senior regulatory staff at the Office of Communications (OFCOM) and the Press Complaints Commission (PCC). This ethnography reveals much boundary-drawing, boundary-blurring, and boundary-crossing, as the logics of older and newer media interact, compete, and coevolve.
Karen Throsby
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719099625
- eISBN:
- 9781526114976
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099625.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This chapter explores the ways in which the boundaries of authentic swimming are negotiated and maintained. Drawing on case studies of contested marathon swims, the chapter focuses on the necessary ...
More
This chapter explores the ways in which the boundaries of authentic swimming are negotiated and maintained. Drawing on case studies of contested marathon swims, the chapter focuses on the necessary arbitrariness of the rules and the centrality of ‘respect’ to the construction of authenticity. The chapter argues that the ongoing boundary work of defining and authorising marathon swimming is both an inward and outward-facing task that attempts to shore up the boundaries of legitimate marathon swimming and distinguish it from related and intersecting (sub) worlds. This demonstrates the ways in which the work of becoming a marathon swimmer is never only about the embodied transformations discussed in earlier chapters, or a completed swim, but is also about the overt performance of a set of values.Less
This chapter explores the ways in which the boundaries of authentic swimming are negotiated and maintained. Drawing on case studies of contested marathon swims, the chapter focuses on the necessary arbitrariness of the rules and the centrality of ‘respect’ to the construction of authenticity. The chapter argues that the ongoing boundary work of defining and authorising marathon swimming is both an inward and outward-facing task that attempts to shore up the boundaries of legitimate marathon swimming and distinguish it from related and intersecting (sub) worlds. This demonstrates the ways in which the work of becoming a marathon swimmer is never only about the embodied transformations discussed in earlier chapters, or a completed swim, but is also about the overt performance of a set of values.
Michael A. Haedicke
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780804795906
- eISBN:
- 9780804798730
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804795906.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
The finalization of the National Organic Program (NOP) accelerated the growth of the organic market. This chapter unpacks related changes that have occurred in the post-NOP period. First, it ...
More
The finalization of the National Organic Program (NOP) accelerated the growth of the organic market. This chapter unpacks related changes that have occurred in the post-NOP period. First, it describes the erosion of economic and organizational partitions between the organic foods sector and the mainstream food industry through a process that is labeled convergence, paying special attention to organic foods retailing. It then argues that newly arrived sector members have transposed cultural schemas from the mainstream business world to organize their work in the organic sector. This has elaborated expansionary understandings by (1) providing a moral justification for market growth, (2) contributing to the marginalization of countercultural businesses and critical activists through boundary work, and (3) relegating consumers to the role of purchasers by encouraging their exclusion from discussions related to organic regulations.Less
The finalization of the National Organic Program (NOP) accelerated the growth of the organic market. This chapter unpacks related changes that have occurred in the post-NOP period. First, it describes the erosion of economic and organizational partitions between the organic foods sector and the mainstream food industry through a process that is labeled convergence, paying special attention to organic foods retailing. It then argues that newly arrived sector members have transposed cultural schemas from the mainstream business world to organize their work in the organic sector. This has elaborated expansionary understandings by (1) providing a moral justification for market growth, (2) contributing to the marginalization of countercultural businesses and critical activists through boundary work, and (3) relegating consumers to the role of purchasers by encouraging their exclusion from discussions related to organic regulations.
Colleen Derkatch
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226345840
- eISBN:
- 9780226345987
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226345987.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter examines scientific boundary work in popular reporting on biomedical research on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), particularly a special report in Newsweek magazine on the ...
More
This chapter examines scientific boundary work in popular reporting on biomedical research on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), particularly a special report in Newsweek magazine on the “new science of alternative medicine.” It articulates a rhetoric of popular medicine vis-à-vis theoretical models of popular science developed in rhetoric, discourse studies, and social studies of science to argue that health reporting is both typical of and exceptional in science reporting: it is typical because medicine’s research values, generic forms, and institutional structures are closely aligned with those of science, yet it is exceptional because members of the public are significantly more invested as a rhetorical audience of medical reporting, due both to their own bodily experience and expertise, and to their need for health information. The chapter argues that CAM research demonstrates the bidirectional nature of science reporting, in contrast to the unidirectional model proposed by earlier theorists, because the major push for CAM research was motivated, in the first instance, by overwhelming public interest in and use of CAM therapies.Less
This chapter examines scientific boundary work in popular reporting on biomedical research on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), particularly a special report in Newsweek magazine on the “new science of alternative medicine.” It articulates a rhetoric of popular medicine vis-à-vis theoretical models of popular science developed in rhetoric, discourse studies, and social studies of science to argue that health reporting is both typical of and exceptional in science reporting: it is typical because medicine’s research values, generic forms, and institutional structures are closely aligned with those of science, yet it is exceptional because members of the public are significantly more invested as a rhetorical audience of medical reporting, due both to their own bodily experience and expertise, and to their need for health information. The chapter argues that CAM research demonstrates the bidirectional nature of science reporting, in contrast to the unidirectional model proposed by earlier theorists, because the major push for CAM research was motivated, in the first instance, by overwhelming public interest in and use of CAM therapies.
Fran Wasoff and Sarah Cunningham-Burley
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861346438
- eISBN:
- 9781447302292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861346438.003.0015
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter concludes the book, providing perspectives on social policies and families. It notes that the Centre for Research on Families and Relationships (CRFR) is committed to building links ...
More
This chapter concludes the book, providing perspectives on social policies and families. It notes that the Centre for Research on Families and Relationships (CRFR) is committed to building links between academic research, policy and practice. The theme of boundaries offers one way to capture the fluidity of ‘families and relationships’ and the concept of boundary work to embed such conceptualisations within the practical realities of ‘doing family and relationships’, family practices and practices of intimacy and friendship. The chapter also discusses boundaries as a conceptual device, boundaries and boundary work in a policy context.Less
This chapter concludes the book, providing perspectives on social policies and families. It notes that the Centre for Research on Families and Relationships (CRFR) is committed to building links between academic research, policy and practice. The theme of boundaries offers one way to capture the fluidity of ‘families and relationships’ and the concept of boundary work to embed such conceptualisations within the practical realities of ‘doing family and relationships’, family practices and practices of intimacy and friendship. The chapter also discusses boundaries as a conceptual device, boundaries and boundary work in a policy context.
Hjalmar Fors
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226194998
- eISBN:
- 9780226195049
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226195049.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter provides an overview of the book and maps out the central theoretical issues that it addresses. The book proceeds from a conceptual framework developed as the strong programme of the ...
More
This chapter provides an overview of the book and maps out the central theoretical issues that it addresses. The book proceeds from a conceptual framework developed as the strong programme of the sociology of knowledge. Furthermore, it relies on Thomas Gieryn’s notion of boundary work, and adapts it to Enlightenment science. This chapter also presents a critique of the center-periphery model of knowledge exchange between different regions, and delineates a theoretical framework that enables discussions of late seventeenth- and eighteenth century production of knowledge as a consequence of Europe-wide knowledge circulation.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the book and maps out the central theoretical issues that it addresses. The book proceeds from a conceptual framework developed as the strong programme of the sociology of knowledge. Furthermore, it relies on Thomas Gieryn’s notion of boundary work, and adapts it to Enlightenment science. This chapter also presents a critique of the center-periphery model of knowledge exchange between different regions, and delineates a theoretical framework that enables discussions of late seventeenth- and eighteenth century production of knowledge as a consequence of Europe-wide knowledge circulation.
Hjalmar Fors
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780226194998
- eISBN:
- 9780226195049
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226195049.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter studies how the new chemists dealt with those objects of knowledge that were now out of bounds. Through active boundary-work, belief in e. g., trolls and the efficacy of magic and ...
More
This chapter studies how the new chemists dealt with those objects of knowledge that were now out of bounds. Through active boundary-work, belief in e. g., trolls and the efficacy of magic and transmutation was transposed onto foreigners and ethnic minorities, women and artisanal craftsmen. The chapter also examines some beliefs and practices, associated with spirits and subtle matters, that remained within the permissible discourse of eighteenth century natural philosophy. It also examines what happened when skeptics finally came out in the open. Regardless of whether the doubts concerned magic, alchemy, religious enthusiasm, the supernatural or simply metaphysics, doubts were now put forward openly. However, the eighteenth century’s turn towards skepticism was a highly localized phenomena, and as such limited to certain individuals, groups, and social exchanges. Nevertheless, by the 1760s enlightened debates in Protestant Europe began to enter a more assertive and aggressive stage. These developments, in conjunction with the spread of Kantian philosophy, would turn the chapter on many of the issues and considerations that engaged the protagonists of this book.Less
This chapter studies how the new chemists dealt with those objects of knowledge that were now out of bounds. Through active boundary-work, belief in e. g., trolls and the efficacy of magic and transmutation was transposed onto foreigners and ethnic minorities, women and artisanal craftsmen. The chapter also examines some beliefs and practices, associated with spirits and subtle matters, that remained within the permissible discourse of eighteenth century natural philosophy. It also examines what happened when skeptics finally came out in the open. Regardless of whether the doubts concerned magic, alchemy, religious enthusiasm, the supernatural or simply metaphysics, doubts were now put forward openly. However, the eighteenth century’s turn towards skepticism was a highly localized phenomena, and as such limited to certain individuals, groups, and social exchanges. Nevertheless, by the 1760s enlightened debates in Protestant Europe began to enter a more assertive and aggressive stage. These developments, in conjunction with the spread of Kantian philosophy, would turn the chapter on many of the issues and considerations that engaged the protagonists of this book.
