Malcolm Ausden
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198568728
- eISBN:
- 9780191717529
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568728.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the management of open bodies of water and wetlands on seasonally or permanently waterlogged soil. It concentrates on freshwater habitats, but briefly discusses management of ...
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This chapter discusses the management of open bodies of water and wetlands on seasonally or permanently waterlogged soil. It concentrates on freshwater habitats, but briefly discusses management of brackish habitats, such as coastal grazing marshes, where they form a continuum with freshwater ones. Topics covered include principles of manipulating water levels, water quality, methods of improving the value of deep water bodies (>1 m) and large, shallow (less than about 1 m) for wildlife; temporary pools, permanent ponds and water-filled ditches, rivers, swamps and fens, bogs, wet scrub, wet woodland, wet grasslands.Less
This chapter discusses the management of open bodies of water and wetlands on seasonally or permanently waterlogged soil. It concentrates on freshwater habitats, but briefly discusses management of brackish habitats, such as coastal grazing marshes, where they form a continuum with freshwater ones. Topics covered include principles of manipulating water levels, water quality, methods of improving the value of deep water bodies (>1 m) and large, shallow (less than about 1 m) for wildlife; temporary pools, permanent ponds and water-filled ditches, rivers, swamps and fens, bogs, wet scrub, wet woodland, wet grasslands.
T. C. Smout
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748635139
- eISBN:
- 9780748651375
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635139.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Peatland is abundant with as much as 1.6 million hectares of the resource in the United Kingdom. Some of this, like the fens of Cambridgeshire and Yorkshire, have over the centuries been largely ...
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Peatland is abundant with as much as 1.6 million hectares of the resource in the United Kingdom. Some of this, like the fens of Cambridgeshire and Yorkshire, have over the centuries been largely drained and turned into good agricultural land. Much, however, remains wetland. Blanket mire (also known as blanket bog) covers about a million hectares of Scotland. Raised bog, those remarkable domed structures of peat and sphagnum moss that receive all their moisture directly from the air rather than from streams running into them, cover a much smaller area, cover only about 27,000 hectares in Scotland. Of all this, little is unmodified by man, though much can still be classified as semi-natural. Only 9 per cent of the Scottish raised bogs and 11 per cent of the total UK mires even approach a pristine state. Cut, drained, planted, bulldozed away, mires, fens and bogs have attracted the attention of people from time immemorial.Less
Peatland is abundant with as much as 1.6 million hectares of the resource in the United Kingdom. Some of this, like the fens of Cambridgeshire and Yorkshire, have over the centuries been largely drained and turned into good agricultural land. Much, however, remains wetland. Blanket mire (also known as blanket bog) covers about a million hectares of Scotland. Raised bog, those remarkable domed structures of peat and sphagnum moss that receive all their moisture directly from the air rather than from streams running into them, cover a much smaller area, cover only about 27,000 hectares in Scotland. Of all this, little is unmodified by man, though much can still be classified as semi-natural. Only 9 per cent of the Scottish raised bogs and 11 per cent of the total UK mires even approach a pristine state. Cut, drained, planted, bulldozed away, mires, fens and bogs have attracted the attention of people from time immemorial.
Håkan Rydin and John K. Jeglum
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198528722
- eISBN:
- 9780191728211
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528722.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter provides the reader with an understanding of the main terms and concepts used in peatland science, and a general appreciation of the main peatland habitats. This provides a basic ...
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This chapter provides the reader with an understanding of the main terms and concepts used in peatland science, and a general appreciation of the main peatland habitats. This provides a basic language of peatlands which, even if not universally agreed upon, will define the usage for this book. The distinction between wetland, peatland and mire is clarified, and the main peatland classes — marsh, swamp, fen, bog — are described. The main environmental gradients — wetness, aeration, pH and nutrient availability — are introduced. The roles of microtopographic variation and the bog-poor fen-rich fen gradient are presented as a basis for vegetation differentiation and classification. A basic distinction is made between ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peatlands.Less
This chapter provides the reader with an understanding of the main terms and concepts used in peatland science, and a general appreciation of the main peatland habitats. This provides a basic language of peatlands which, even if not universally agreed upon, will define the usage for this book. The distinction between wetland, peatland and mire is clarified, and the main peatland classes — marsh, swamp, fen, bog — are described. The main environmental gradients — wetness, aeration, pH and nutrient availability — are introduced. The roles of microtopographic variation and the bog-poor fen-rich fen gradient are presented as a basis for vegetation differentiation and classification. A basic distinction is made between ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peatlands.
Håkan Rydin and John K. Jeglum
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198528722
- eISBN:
- 9780191728211
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528722.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Understanding the hydrology is fundamental for understanding peatland habitats, and this chapter considers both the quantitative and qualitative (chemical) aspects of water in peatlands. It describes ...
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Understanding the hydrology is fundamental for understanding peatland habitats, and this chapter considers both the quantitative and qualitative (chemical) aspects of water in peatlands. It describes how depth to the water table (DWT) governs vegetational physiognomy, plant occurrence, and growth. Hydraulic conductivity is an important concept affecting the water flow in the peat; and how the conductivity is related to degree of decomposition (humification) of the peat, is discussed. Variation in hydraulic conductivity is a basis for the separation in bogs between an upper, aerated ‘active layer’ (acrotelm) and the lower, constantly anoxic ‘inactive layer’ (catotelm). The water balance of a peatland is an accounting of the inputs, outputs and storage of water. The variation in water chemistry (with a focus on pH, calcium content, and electric conductivity) in peatlands is discussed, and methods for measurement introduced.Less
Understanding the hydrology is fundamental for understanding peatland habitats, and this chapter considers both the quantitative and qualitative (chemical) aspects of water in peatlands. It describes how depth to the water table (DWT) governs vegetational physiognomy, plant occurrence, and growth. Hydraulic conductivity is an important concept affecting the water flow in the peat; and how the conductivity is related to degree of decomposition (humification) of the peat, is discussed. Variation in hydraulic conductivity is a basis for the separation in bogs between an upper, aerated ‘active layer’ (acrotelm) and the lower, constantly anoxic ‘inactive layer’ (catotelm). The water balance of a peatland is an accounting of the inputs, outputs and storage of water. The variation in water chemistry (with a focus on pH, calcium content, and electric conductivity) in peatlands is discussed, and methods for measurement introduced.
Håkan Rydin and John K. Jeglum
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198528722
- eISBN:
- 9780191728211
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528722.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter presents the latest estimates of areas of peatland in the world. Global peatlands estimates have been increasing as more and better inventory results become available. The estimate of ...
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This chapter presents the latest estimates of areas of peatland in the world. Global peatlands estimates have been increasing as more and better inventory results become available. The estimate of peatland is currently about 3% of the globe’s total land area. The leading countries in total peatland area are Russia, Canada, and the USA. Very high percentages of peatland coverage are seen in the Falkland Islands, Finland, and Estonia. Large areas of peatland have been drained or altered for agriculture, forestry, and peat harvesting. The major state factors controlling distribution are climate, relief, parent material, biota, and time. A brief global survey of the peatlands of the world is given. Three detailed treatments of quite dissimilar peatlands from the southern Hemisphere are described: peatlands in Tierra del Fuego, restiad bogs in New Zealand, and tropical peat swamps of southeast Asia.Less
This chapter presents the latest estimates of areas of peatland in the world. Global peatlands estimates have been increasing as more and better inventory results become available. The estimate of peatland is currently about 3% of the globe’s total land area. The leading countries in total peatland area are Russia, Canada, and the USA. Very high percentages of peatland coverage are seen in the Falkland Islands, Finland, and Estonia. Large areas of peatland have been drained or altered for agriculture, forestry, and peat harvesting. The major state factors controlling distribution are climate, relief, parent material, biota, and time. A brief global survey of the peatlands of the world is given. Three detailed treatments of quite dissimilar peatlands from the southern Hemisphere are described: peatlands in Tierra del Fuego, restiad bogs in New Zealand, and tropical peat swamps of southeast Asia.
R. E. Glasscock
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199539703
- eISBN:
- 9780191701184
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539703.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter discusses the following: medieval climate; landforms; woodlands; peat bogs; field systems; population; rural settlements; the medieval house; towns; trade; and size of towns.
This chapter discusses the following: medieval climate; landforms; woodlands; peat bogs; field systems; population; rural settlements; the medieval house; towns; trade; and size of towns.
David R. Foster
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780300179385
- eISBN:
- 9780300186772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300179385.003.0003
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
For more than a century, scientists have analyzed bog and pond sediments to reconstruct past environmental changes and ecosystems. This chapter discusses the process of coring lake muds and using the ...
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For more than a century, scientists have analyzed bog and pond sediments to reconstruct past environmental changes and ecosystems. This chapter discusses the process of coring lake muds and using the records that emerge from these to reconstruct the historical dynamics of the forest environment and vegetation. It also discusses how data from land surveys and field studies of old-growth forests and tree rings yield insights into the composition and structure of forest vegetation from the time of European arrival forward.Less
For more than a century, scientists have analyzed bog and pond sediments to reconstruct past environmental changes and ecosystems. This chapter discusses the process of coring lake muds and using the records that emerge from these to reconstruct the historical dynamics of the forest environment and vegetation. It also discusses how data from land surveys and field studies of old-growth forests and tree rings yield insights into the composition and structure of forest vegetation from the time of European arrival forward.
Jorge A. Jiménez
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226121505
- eISBN:
- 9780226121642
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226121642.003.0020
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Costa Rica has a high diversity of freshwater wetlands, ranging from the highland peat bogs in the mountainous Talamanca’s and the marshes of the Pacific lowlands to the often seasonal swamps ...
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Costa Rica has a high diversity of freshwater wetlands, ranging from the highland peat bogs in the mountainous Talamanca’s and the marshes of the Pacific lowlands to the often seasonal swamps dominated by palms and other forest trees thriving along the coasts. However, most of the available information on these wetlands is restricted to descriptive studies in which plant-species lists and forest structure information dominate, with studies on their ecological or functional aspects mostly absent. When faunistic elements are listed, most fauna cited is not restricted to marsh or swamp ecosystems, and even knowledge on the total extent of these ecosystem is highly fragmentary and controversial. In this chapter, the author provides a review of our best understanding of Costa Rica’s marshes, highland bogs, palm swamps and forest swamps. He provides general descriptions, including geographical information and size estimations, as well as an overview of the various ecosystems, with an emphasis on the species of flora and fauna that are unique to each one. The chapter ends with a discussion of wetland conservation and the threats that these ecosystems face, using the history of the Palo Verde marshes as a case study to demonstrate the challenges of wetland restoration.Less
Costa Rica has a high diversity of freshwater wetlands, ranging from the highland peat bogs in the mountainous Talamanca’s and the marshes of the Pacific lowlands to the often seasonal swamps dominated by palms and other forest trees thriving along the coasts. However, most of the available information on these wetlands is restricted to descriptive studies in which plant-species lists and forest structure information dominate, with studies on their ecological or functional aspects mostly absent. When faunistic elements are listed, most fauna cited is not restricted to marsh or swamp ecosystems, and even knowledge on the total extent of these ecosystem is highly fragmentary and controversial. In this chapter, the author provides a review of our best understanding of Costa Rica’s marshes, highland bogs, palm swamps and forest swamps. He provides general descriptions, including geographical information and size estimations, as well as an overview of the various ecosystems, with an emphasis on the species of flora and fauna that are unique to each one. The chapter ends with a discussion of wetland conservation and the threats that these ecosystems face, using the history of the Palo Verde marshes as a case study to demonstrate the challenges of wetland restoration.
Brain Boyd
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231158572
- eISBN:
- 9780231530293
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231158572.003.0025
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter examines the precision of Vladimir Nabokov's allusions and patterns in Ada, along with their ethical, psychological, and epistemological implications. It discusses three unlikely pieces ...
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This chapter examines the precision of Vladimir Nabokov's allusions and patterns in Ada, along with their ethical, psychological, and epistemological implications. It discusses three unlikely pieces of fluff and straw, whose appeal lay partly in their unlikeliness and whose dates belong to the years immediately before Nabokov began writing Ada. In particular, it considers Nabokov's discovery of the Dutch meaning of “veen” and rediscovery of the Dutch surnames Veen and Van Veen in Double-Barrel, a 1964 detective novel by Nicolas Freeling, as well as his establishment of Van and Ada Veen as “children of Venus.” It also looks at the motif of peat, bog, marsh in the name of Villa Venus and especially in the Dutch name of the Veens. Finally, the chapter analyzes the doubling and imitation that pervade Ada and the way this complicates the novel's myths of love.Less
This chapter examines the precision of Vladimir Nabokov's allusions and patterns in Ada, along with their ethical, psychological, and epistemological implications. It discusses three unlikely pieces of fluff and straw, whose appeal lay partly in their unlikeliness and whose dates belong to the years immediately before Nabokov began writing Ada. In particular, it considers Nabokov's discovery of the Dutch meaning of “veen” and rediscovery of the Dutch surnames Veen and Van Veen in Double-Barrel, a 1964 detective novel by Nicolas Freeling, as well as his establishment of Van and Ada Veen as “children of Venus.” It also looks at the motif of peat, bog, marsh in the name of Villa Venus and especially in the Dutch name of the Veens. Finally, the chapter analyzes the doubling and imitation that pervade Ada and the way this complicates the novel's myths of love.
Allan Blackstock
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719085185
- eISBN:
- 9781781705001
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085185.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter draws together the various themes of the book. It examines why Richardson did not begin publishing until he was over sixty, then authored over fifty titles. It concludes that a desire to ...
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This chapter draws together the various themes of the book. It examines why Richardson did not begin publishing until he was over sixty, then authored over fifty titles. It concludes that a desire to rehabilitate his class and his country after the Union was crucial. His friendship with the English MP George Bellas Greeenough was also important providing an entree into the wider world of metropolitan publishing. The dynamics of this friendship between an older and a younger man reveal that it was mutually beneficial, with Greeenough receiving a, informed commentary on Irish matters from an Irishman. Richardson's opposition to the Irish Bog Commission and his pamphlets on inland navigation are found to derive from the same patriotic detestation of jobbery as informed his fiorin campaign. It is argued that the fiorin campaign's eventual failure and Richardson's subsequent denigration by Victorian agriculturalists obscure his real historical importance as a unique provincial voice from post-Union Ireland.Less
This chapter draws together the various themes of the book. It examines why Richardson did not begin publishing until he was over sixty, then authored over fifty titles. It concludes that a desire to rehabilitate his class and his country after the Union was crucial. His friendship with the English MP George Bellas Greeenough was also important providing an entree into the wider world of metropolitan publishing. The dynamics of this friendship between an older and a younger man reveal that it was mutually beneficial, with Greeenough receiving a, informed commentary on Irish matters from an Irishman. Richardson's opposition to the Irish Bog Commission and his pamphlets on inland navigation are found to derive from the same patriotic detestation of jobbery as informed his fiorin campaign. It is argued that the fiorin campaign's eventual failure and Richardson's subsequent denigration by Victorian agriculturalists obscure his real historical importance as a unique provincial voice from post-Union Ireland.
Caroline Earwood
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780859893893
- eISBN:
- 9781781380529
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780859893893.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
In Britain and, to a lesser extent, in Ireland, wetlands conducive to the preservation of organic remains have not been ideal human settlement, with the exception of the lake dwellings characteristic ...
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In Britain and, to a lesser extent, in Ireland, wetlands conducive to the preservation of organic remains have not been ideal human settlement, with the exception of the lake dwellings characteristic of early historic Ireland. Wood has been preserved in a variety of different environments, including true wetlands and locally waterlogged soils that are widely distributed throughout Britain and Ireland. The environment in which wooden artefacts were lost, discarded, or deposited reflects their use and the societies that used them and thus may hold clues about the age of the artefacts, particularly those excavated from bogs. The pattern of land use and exploitation of peat exerted the strongest influence on the distribution of wooden finds in Britain and Ireland. This chapter focuses on the distribution, deposition, preservation, and recovery of wooden artefacts in prehistoric Britain and Ireland.Less
In Britain and, to a lesser extent, in Ireland, wetlands conducive to the preservation of organic remains have not been ideal human settlement, with the exception of the lake dwellings characteristic of early historic Ireland. Wood has been preserved in a variety of different environments, including true wetlands and locally waterlogged soils that are widely distributed throughout Britain and Ireland. The environment in which wooden artefacts were lost, discarded, or deposited reflects their use and the societies that used them and thus may hold clues about the age of the artefacts, particularly those excavated from bogs. The pattern of land use and exploitation of peat exerted the strongest influence on the distribution of wooden finds in Britain and Ireland. This chapter focuses on the distribution, deposition, preservation, and recovery of wooden artefacts in prehistoric Britain and Ireland.
John Dennison
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198739197
- eISBN:
- 9780191802331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739197.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
With the outbreak of widespread sectarian violence in 1969, Heaney’s inherited interest in the restorative function of poetry becomes an urgent, first-hand concern. Over the next five years, the ...
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With the outbreak of widespread sectarian violence in 1969, Heaney’s inherited interest in the restorative function of poetry becomes an urgent, first-hand concern. Over the next five years, the Romantic and modernist voices of his education come to inform an unstable amalgam of early poetics, dominated by the notion of poems as culturally restorative and trans-historical ‘elements of continuity’; here, the mythopoetic bog-people poems, with their supposed archetypal patterns, prove paradigmatic. But this emphasis stands in tension with a growing association of historical, public life with a state of unremitting violence; at points, it appears that Heaney’s adequate, restorative poem might in fact be a natural, authentic expression of history’s recurrent violence, an association which directly threatens the poet’s faith in poetry’s moral function. As a result, Heaney turns towards a revised conception of the poetry as an adequation of life, and a dualism of poetry and history.Less
With the outbreak of widespread sectarian violence in 1969, Heaney’s inherited interest in the restorative function of poetry becomes an urgent, first-hand concern. Over the next five years, the Romantic and modernist voices of his education come to inform an unstable amalgam of early poetics, dominated by the notion of poems as culturally restorative and trans-historical ‘elements of continuity’; here, the mythopoetic bog-people poems, with their supposed archetypal patterns, prove paradigmatic. But this emphasis stands in tension with a growing association of historical, public life with a state of unremitting violence; at points, it appears that Heaney’s adequate, restorative poem might in fact be a natural, authentic expression of history’s recurrent violence, an association which directly threatens the poet’s faith in poetry’s moral function. As a result, Heaney turns towards a revised conception of the poetry as an adequation of life, and a dualism of poetry and history.
Håkan Rydin and John K. Jeglum
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199602995
- eISBN:
- 9780191810138
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199602995.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter focuses on the distribution of peatlands around the world, including the tropics and the southern hemisphere. It first presents estimates of peatland areas for thirty-six countries with ...
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This chapter focuses on the distribution of peatlands around the world, including the tropics and the southern hemisphere. It first presents estimates of peatland areas for thirty-six countries with at least 6,000 square kilometers of peatland before turning to peatland areas used for agriculture, forestry, and peat harvesting. It then provides a brief overview of peatlands of the world and describes peatlands in Tierra del Fuego as well as restiad bogs in New Zealand. It also considers tropical peatlands in south-east Asia.Less
This chapter focuses on the distribution of peatlands around the world, including the tropics and the southern hemisphere. It first presents estimates of peatland areas for thirty-six countries with at least 6,000 square kilometers of peatland before turning to peatland areas used for agriculture, forestry, and peat harvesting. It then provides a brief overview of peatlands of the world and describes peatlands in Tierra del Fuego as well as restiad bogs in New Zealand. It also considers tropical peatlands in south-east Asia.
Catherine Owen Koning, Sharon M. Ashworth, and Catherine Owen Koning
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226554211
- eISBN:
- 9780226554495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226554495.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
Bogs and fens are peatlands, which have different water sources and ecological development. Researchers use cues from the vegetation zonation and species to understand the hydrology, history and ...
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Bogs and fens are peatlands, which have different water sources and ecological development. Researchers use cues from the vegetation zonation and species to understand the hydrology, history and ecology of peatlands. Bogs require cool, damp climates and low-nutrient, acidic water, which slow decomposition thus preserving the remains of plants, wildlife and humans. Bog plants get most of their water from precipitation, which is acidic and low in nutrients. The ecosystem engineers of the bog are species of Sphagnum moss, which alter the hydrology and chemistry. Sphagnum mosses have structural adaptations and mutualistic microbial relationships to assist in their dominance of the bog. Other bog plants have adaptations to deal with low nutrients and high acid, such as carnivory and evergreen leaves. A fen is a peatland fed by groundwater, precipitation and often surface water. A fen may develop into a bog over time. The type of fen depends on the water sources, but most have less acid and more minerals than bogs. Fens may harbor rare plant species, but are vulnerable to nutrient pollution, climate change and groundwater diversion. Some of the most diverse fens are isolated from surface water and thus may receive less legal protection.Less
Bogs and fens are peatlands, which have different water sources and ecological development. Researchers use cues from the vegetation zonation and species to understand the hydrology, history and ecology of peatlands. Bogs require cool, damp climates and low-nutrient, acidic water, which slow decomposition thus preserving the remains of plants, wildlife and humans. Bog plants get most of their water from precipitation, which is acidic and low in nutrients. The ecosystem engineers of the bog are species of Sphagnum moss, which alter the hydrology and chemistry. Sphagnum mosses have structural adaptations and mutualistic microbial relationships to assist in their dominance of the bog. Other bog plants have adaptations to deal with low nutrients and high acid, such as carnivory and evergreen leaves. A fen is a peatland fed by groundwater, precipitation and often surface water. A fen may develop into a bog over time. The type of fen depends on the water sources, but most have less acid and more minerals than bogs. Fens may harbor rare plant species, but are vulnerable to nutrient pollution, climate change and groundwater diversion. Some of the most diverse fens are isolated from surface water and thus may receive less legal protection.
Catherine Owen Koning, Sharon M. Ashworth, and Catherine Owen Koning
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226554211
- eISBN:
- 9780226554495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226554495.003.0010
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
A wetland biologist comes across a rare orchid in an area destined to host a driveway rather than wetland habitat and dreads speaking to the impatient home builders. Those who study and work in ...
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A wetland biologist comes across a rare orchid in an area destined to host a driveway rather than wetland habitat and dreads speaking to the impatient home builders. Those who study and work in wetlands often adopt one close to their hearts and build a sustainable community around its protection. This chapter compiles a number of such stories. Friends of Volo Bog has worked with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources since 1984 to provide extensive opportunities for members of the public to explore and appreciate the bog all year round. In Wisconsin, the Friends of Pheasant Branch familiarized themselves with the mundane and byzantine language of permitting, sewer installation, and the law in order to protect a spring-laced wetland. Every summer the Wetlands Institute of Stone Harbor, New Jersey hosts groups of volunteers that help release baby diamondback terrapins to the ocean. Humans are ethically bound and evolutionarily inclined to care for all pieces of this planet, and we have faith that our hearts are big enough and our minds are sharp enough to rise to the tasks before us.Less
A wetland biologist comes across a rare orchid in an area destined to host a driveway rather than wetland habitat and dreads speaking to the impatient home builders. Those who study and work in wetlands often adopt one close to their hearts and build a sustainable community around its protection. This chapter compiles a number of such stories. Friends of Volo Bog has worked with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources since 1984 to provide extensive opportunities for members of the public to explore and appreciate the bog all year round. In Wisconsin, the Friends of Pheasant Branch familiarized themselves with the mundane and byzantine language of permitting, sewer installation, and the law in order to protect a spring-laced wetland. Every summer the Wetlands Institute of Stone Harbor, New Jersey hosts groups of volunteers that help release baby diamondback terrapins to the ocean. Humans are ethically bound and evolutionarily inclined to care for all pieces of this planet, and we have faith that our hearts are big enough and our minds are sharp enough to rise to the tasks before us.
