Robert C. Fuller
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195369175
- eISBN:
- 9780199871186
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369175.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Pain and illness often register cultural dysfunction. For this reason, bodily pain frequently motivates radical efforts toward cultural and theological reconstruction. This chapter demonstrates the ...
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Pain and illness often register cultural dysfunction. For this reason, bodily pain frequently motivates radical efforts toward cultural and theological reconstruction. This chapter demonstrates the role that bodily illness plays in stimulating religious reconstructions of reality by examining how the radical theological agendas advanced by metaphysical healing groups have been rooted in the private experience of the body and its afflictions.Less
Pain and illness often register cultural dysfunction. For this reason, bodily pain frequently motivates radical efforts toward cultural and theological reconstruction. This chapter demonstrates the role that bodily illness plays in stimulating religious reconstructions of reality by examining how the radical theological agendas advanced by metaphysical healing groups have been rooted in the private experience of the body and its afflictions.
Jennifer A. Glancy
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195328158
- eISBN:
- 9780199777143
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328158.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History, Early Christian Studies
Focusing on a single passage of a single early Christian text, chapter 2 situates the body language of 2 Corinthians 11:23–25 in the wider context of the corporal habitus of the early Roman Empire. ...
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Focusing on a single passage of a single early Christian text, chapter 2 situates the body language of 2 Corinthians 11:23–25 in the wider context of the corporal habitus of the early Roman Empire. While a man might well boast of war wounds, a whipping was an event that emasculated a man. Humiliation rather than honor accompanied beatings of the kind Paul endured. The chapter argues that by pointing to his own storytelling body, Paul claims his dubious corporal knowledge as a source of improbable power. Because Paul perceives that his corporal knowledge of repeated violation unites him with Jesus, he is able to position his abject body as a token of his authority. Ultimately, however, the example of Paul’s storytelling body fails to disrupt the habituation of early Christian bodies by Roman norms.Less
Focusing on a single passage of a single early Christian text, chapter 2 situates the body language of 2 Corinthians 11:23–25 in the wider context of the corporal habitus of the early Roman Empire. While a man might well boast of war wounds, a whipping was an event that emasculated a man. Humiliation rather than honor accompanied beatings of the kind Paul endured. The chapter argues that by pointing to his own storytelling body, Paul claims his dubious corporal knowledge as a source of improbable power. Because Paul perceives that his corporal knowledge of repeated violation unites him with Jesus, he is able to position his abject body as a token of his authority. Ultimately, however, the example of Paul’s storytelling body fails to disrupt the habituation of early Christian bodies by Roman norms.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0020
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses the importance of the clarity of affective communication. It describes the case of Safra, a psychologist who had chosen to work with support groups for cancer victims, and who ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of the clarity of affective communication. It describes the case of Safra, a psychologist who had chosen to work with support groups for cancer victims, and who had come to the author for supervision. The chapter discusses the author's realization of Safra's message through her body language. It explains that paying attention to body language can offer an invaluable window into what a person is really communicating.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of the clarity of affective communication. It describes the case of Safra, a psychologist who had chosen to work with support groups for cancer victims, and who had come to the author for supervision. The chapter discusses the author's realization of Safra's message through her body language. It explains that paying attention to body language can offer an invaluable window into what a person is really communicating.
Adam G. Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199546626
- eISBN:
- 9780191720208
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199546626.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
From de Beauvoir to Wittig, Friedan and Millett to Butler, radical feminist theory has for many years ironically manifested a somatophobic strain. The separation of gender from sex has resulted in an ...
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From de Beauvoir to Wittig, Friedan and Millett to Butler, radical feminist theory has for many years ironically manifested a somatophobic strain. The separation of gender from sex has resulted in an anthropological rupture in which the flesh is either marginalized or politicized — in either case, divested of its personalistic and semitive status. By contrast, the personalist philosophy of Lublin Thomism brings together realist metaphysics, biblical nuptuality, and gender complementarity in a perspective that affirms the full creative potential, and revelatory trajectory, of both and each of the sexes.Less
From de Beauvoir to Wittig, Friedan and Millett to Butler, radical feminist theory has for many years ironically manifested a somatophobic strain. The separation of gender from sex has resulted in an anthropological rupture in which the flesh is either marginalized or politicized — in either case, divested of its personalistic and semitive status. By contrast, the personalist philosophy of Lublin Thomism brings together realist metaphysics, biblical nuptuality, and gender complementarity in a perspective that affirms the full creative potential, and revelatory trajectory, of both and each of the sexes.
S. Craig Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199216840
- eISBN:
- 9780191712043
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216840.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
In most human societies, individuals compare between numerous potential mates. Recent research on biological determinants of mate preferences explores the idea that attractive physical ...
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In most human societies, individuals compare between numerous potential mates. Recent research on biological determinants of mate preferences explores the idea that attractive physical characteristics might be cues of underlying good genes. The first half of this chapter summarises this work on physical cues of mate quality, including facial, bodily, vocal and olfactory traits. The second half of the chapter speculates on how broad principles that arise out of this research might be directly transposed to understand potential good-gene effects on behaviour and ‘body language’. Reliability of behavioural cues betraying mate quality is likely to determine how far biological interpretations on behaviour can be applied, and an outline for how researchers might tackle this issue is proposed.Less
In most human societies, individuals compare between numerous potential mates. Recent research on biological determinants of mate preferences explores the idea that attractive physical characteristics might be cues of underlying good genes. The first half of this chapter summarises this work on physical cues of mate quality, including facial, bodily, vocal and olfactory traits. The second half of the chapter speculates on how broad principles that arise out of this research might be directly transposed to understand potential good-gene effects on behaviour and ‘body language’. Reliability of behavioural cues betraying mate quality is likely to determine how far biological interpretations on behaviour can be applied, and an outline for how researchers might tackle this issue is proposed.
Lynne Dale Halamish and Doron Hermoni
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195325379
- eISBN:
- 9780199999811
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325379.003.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine and Older People
This chapter discusses the importance of talking to children about death in the context of palliative care. It describes the author's experience in inviting a seven-year-old child in a medical class ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of talking to children about death in the context of palliative care. It describes the author's experience in inviting a seven-year-old child in a medical class for an interview about death, explaining that the class was surprised about the child's knowledge about death and that the interview was designed to help break the taboo of speaking to children about death. The chapter suggests that during such an interview it is important to pay attention to the way a child gives an answer, both verbally and affectively or through his body language.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of talking to children about death in the context of palliative care. It describes the author's experience in inviting a seven-year-old child in a medical class for an interview about death, explaining that the class was surprised about the child's knowledge about death and that the interview was designed to help break the taboo of speaking to children about death. The chapter suggests that during such an interview it is important to pay attention to the way a child gives an answer, both verbally and affectively or through his body language.
Christopher B. Balme
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198184447
- eISBN:
- 9780191674266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198184447.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
This chapter deals primarily with dance and movement. It focuses on the different aspects of the kinetic body, the body in motion, particularly the textual aspects of dance. The kinetic art of ...
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This chapter deals primarily with dance and movement. It focuses on the different aspects of the kinetic body, the body in motion, particularly the textual aspects of dance. The kinetic art of syncretic theatre is by no means exclusively danced art. There are numerous other forms of body language and kinetic expression which are culturally coded and incorporated into theatrical texts. This chapter analyses other forms of kinetic communication such as gesture and sign language and discusses the crucial importance of non-verbal performance devices. Examples are drawn from South African township theatre, from Aboriginal drama, from a play by Asif Currimbhoy, The Dumb Dancer, and from Wole Soyinka's play Death and the King's Horseman.Less
This chapter deals primarily with dance and movement. It focuses on the different aspects of the kinetic body, the body in motion, particularly the textual aspects of dance. The kinetic art of syncretic theatre is by no means exclusively danced art. There are numerous other forms of body language and kinetic expression which are culturally coded and incorporated into theatrical texts. This chapter analyses other forms of kinetic communication such as gesture and sign language and discusses the crucial importance of non-verbal performance devices. Examples are drawn from South African township theatre, from Aboriginal drama, from a play by Asif Currimbhoy, The Dumb Dancer, and from Wole Soyinka's play Death and the King's Horseman.
Simon Palfrey
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198186892
- eISBN:
- 9780191674600
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198186892.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Shakespeare Studies
This chapter examines the politics and body language in William Shakespeare's romance Cymbeline. It suggests that Shakespeare's romances play off conventional uses of political analogy, twisting and ...
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This chapter examines the politics and body language in William Shakespeare's romance Cymbeline. It suggests that Shakespeare's romances play off conventional uses of political analogy, twisting and dilating them into surprising forms. It also highlights the influence of contemporary political situation on Shakespeare's experimental, decentred, figurative process of character construction. It also discusses the significance of Cloten's duel with the other characters of the play.Less
This chapter examines the politics and body language in William Shakespeare's romance Cymbeline. It suggests that Shakespeare's romances play off conventional uses of political analogy, twisting and dilating them into surprising forms. It also highlights the influence of contemporary political situation on Shakespeare's experimental, decentred, figurative process of character construction. It also discusses the significance of Cloten's duel with the other characters of the play.
ADRIAN DAVIES
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208204
- eISBN:
- 9780191677953
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208204.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, History of Religion
This chapter discusses how the responses to Quakers' body language reveal a great deal about general attitudes to civility and bodily control at ...
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This chapter discusses how the responses to Quakers' body language reveal a great deal about general attitudes to civility and bodily control at that time. Friends' unusual body language is an important factor in providing an explanation on the hostility they encountered in local society. Much advice was given about the correct use of the physical body during the early modern period. The principal method of acknowledging the status of life of an individual was through the medium of the physical body. The bodily style of Quakers was related to Friends' experience of spiritual rebirth and the path to heavenly perfection.Less
This chapter discusses how the responses to Quakers' body language reveal a great deal about general attitudes to civility and bodily control at that time. Friends' unusual body language is an important factor in providing an explanation on the hostility they encountered in local society. Much advice was given about the correct use of the physical body during the early modern period. The principal method of acknowledging the status of life of an individual was through the medium of the physical body. The bodily style of Quakers was related to Friends' experience of spiritual rebirth and the path to heavenly perfection.
Ivor J. Davidson
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199245789
- eISBN:
- 9780191601453
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199245789.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
By the late 380s, Ambrose had emerged, to some extent, from the struggle to assert his authority that had marked his earlier years as bishop, though he still had enemies. De officiis is intended as a ...
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By the late 380s, Ambrose had emerged, to some extent, from the struggle to assert his authority that had marked his earlier years as bishop, though he still had enemies. De officiis is intended as a moral manifesto for this social context. It contains practical advice on ‘seemly’ behaviour, including speech, body language, attitudes, and actions, and on the importance of controlling the passions through reason. There is a strong emphasis on charity and on self–denial, including sexual abstinence. It is seen as vital for the church to present a convincing appearance to a watching world.Less
By the late 380s, Ambrose had emerged, to some extent, from the struggle to assert his authority that had marked his earlier years as bishop, though he still had enemies. De officiis is intended as a moral manifesto for this social context. It contains practical advice on ‘seemly’ behaviour, including speech, body language, attitudes, and actions, and on the importance of controlling the passions through reason. There is a strong emphasis on charity and on self–denial, including sexual abstinence. It is seen as vital for the church to present a convincing appearance to a watching world.
Justin Amery, Gillian Chowns, Julia Downing, Eunice Garanganga, Linda Ganca, and Susie Lapwood
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199567966
- eISBN:
- 9780191730566
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567966.003.0002
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Paediatric Palliative Medicine, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
This chapter notes that children speak three languages: body language, play language and spoken language. Talk does not solve all problems, but without talk, people are limited in their ability to ...
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This chapter notes that children speak three languages: body language, play language and spoken language. Talk does not solve all problems, but without talk, people are limited in their ability to help. The best way to find out what a child understands and believes is to ask the child. The discussion suggests that one should not underestimate a child: the evidence is that children usually know and understand a great deal more than parents or health workers think. Children who have long-term life-limiting illness generally go through various stages of understanding of illness, death, and dying, but the most important factor in a child's understanding is the child's own experience. It is also immoral, unethical, and legally culpable for a health worker to withhold the truth from children and families who want to hear it.Less
This chapter notes that children speak three languages: body language, play language and spoken language. Talk does not solve all problems, but without talk, people are limited in their ability to help. The best way to find out what a child understands and believes is to ask the child. The discussion suggests that one should not underestimate a child: the evidence is that children usually know and understand a great deal more than parents or health workers think. Children who have long-term life-limiting illness generally go through various stages of understanding of illness, death, and dying, but the most important factor in a child's understanding is the child's own experience. It is also immoral, unethical, and legally culpable for a health worker to withhold the truth from children and families who want to hear it.
Karmen Mackendrick
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823224067
- eISBN:
- 9780823235902
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823224067.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
This chapter discusses fold. As words touch the skin, bodies too enfold language. Fold is a figure of desire. Language and flesh are mutually implicated, folded up together as ...
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This chapter discusses fold. As words touch the skin, bodies too enfold language. Fold is a figure of desire. Language and flesh are mutually implicated, folded up together as well. The chapter discusses that both may be theorized in the figure of the fold. In looking at body and language in terms of the fold, four attributes emerge as being of particular importance: exploration, articulation, enwrapping, and repetition.Less
This chapter discusses fold. As words touch the skin, bodies too enfold language. Fold is a figure of desire. Language and flesh are mutually implicated, folded up together as well. The chapter discusses that both may be theorized in the figure of the fold. In looking at body and language in terms of the fold, four attributes emerge as being of particular importance: exploration, articulation, enwrapping, and repetition.
Karmen Mackendrick
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823224067
- eISBN:
- 9780823235902
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823224067.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
This introductory chapter discusses the Continental and analytic philosophy theory of humanities which are the body and language. Language and body most certainly do not stay ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the Continental and analytic philosophy theory of humanities which are the body and language. Language and body most certainly do not stay together and are framed from desire and limit. The chapter explains that Language's physicality can impose itself and it touches the reader or listener, but it does not take hold, it does not force. The limit of body and language affects how we think, and think of, our own selves.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the Continental and analytic philosophy theory of humanities which are the body and language. Language and body most certainly do not stay together and are framed from desire and limit. The chapter explains that Language's physicality can impose itself and it touches the reader or listener, but it does not take hold, it does not force. The limit of body and language affects how we think, and think of, our own selves.
Beatrice de Gelder
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780195374346
- eISBN:
- 9780190265441
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374346.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Social Psychology
Body language is a powerful means of communication. This book deals with how bodies play a role in the expression and perception of emotions. There are many similarities between faces and bodies, but ...
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Body language is a powerful means of communication. This book deals with how bodies play a role in the expression and perception of emotions. There are many similarities between faces and bodies, but to understand how bodies function in communication the differences may be more important than the similarities. The book discusses the neural basis and the temporal processing signatures of emotional body language and our current understanding of the neuropsychology of emotional face and body disorders. What is the influence of the natural and social context, of movement and prosody, on the perception of body expressions? How do facial and bodily expression interact? Body language is perceived even with limited attention and reduced visual awareness, as studies with patients show. What is the nature of emotional experience, and how does it relate to awareness? Are there also important gender and cultural differences in emotional body language as found for facial expressions? Are some cultures less expressive in their body language? From physical bodies the book proceeds to discuss virtual bodies, avatars, and robots. How do we feel about nonhuman bodies like avatars or robots? What role does emotional body language play in social interaction? The research on emotional body language show that emotions are tools for adaptive action, and we should consider social abilities as abilities to anticipate, to predict interactions with real, imagined, and virtual others.Less
Body language is a powerful means of communication. This book deals with how bodies play a role in the expression and perception of emotions. There are many similarities between faces and bodies, but to understand how bodies function in communication the differences may be more important than the similarities. The book discusses the neural basis and the temporal processing signatures of emotional body language and our current understanding of the neuropsychology of emotional face and body disorders. What is the influence of the natural and social context, of movement and prosody, on the perception of body expressions? How do facial and bodily expression interact? Body language is perceived even with limited attention and reduced visual awareness, as studies with patients show. What is the nature of emotional experience, and how does it relate to awareness? Are there also important gender and cultural differences in emotional body language as found for facial expressions? Are some cultures less expressive in their body language? From physical bodies the book proceeds to discuss virtual bodies, avatars, and robots. How do we feel about nonhuman bodies like avatars or robots? What role does emotional body language play in social interaction? The research on emotional body language show that emotions are tools for adaptive action, and we should consider social abilities as abilities to anticipate, to predict interactions with real, imagined, and virtual others.
SUSAN GUETTEL COLE
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235441
- eISBN:
- 9780520929326
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235441.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter investigates the distinctions of gender in ritual practice and while demonstrating that women's ritual efforts were focused on reproduction and the health of the family, argues that ...
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This chapter investigates the distinctions of gender in ritual practice and while demonstrating that women's ritual efforts were focused on reproduction and the health of the family, argues that requirements of purity narrowed the range of female performance. It also discusses how anxieties about reproduction encouraged Hippocratic theorists to account for reproductive success or failure in terms of a relationship between the hydrology of the local landscape and the relative moisture of female bodies. Women were classified with polluting animals because they could not control the natural processes of their bodies. Body language and ritual gesture are described. Pindar's nickname for the Pythia was “Delphic Bee,” a metaphor that also called attention to the harsh sound of her voice, reputedly projected through her body by will of the god and through no act of her own.Less
This chapter investigates the distinctions of gender in ritual practice and while demonstrating that women's ritual efforts were focused on reproduction and the health of the family, argues that requirements of purity narrowed the range of female performance. It also discusses how anxieties about reproduction encouraged Hippocratic theorists to account for reproductive success or failure in terms of a relationship between the hydrology of the local landscape and the relative moisture of female bodies. Women were classified with polluting animals because they could not control the natural processes of their bodies. Body language and ritual gesture are described. Pindar's nickname for the Pythia was “Delphic Bee,” a metaphor that also called attention to the harsh sound of her voice, reputedly projected through her body by will of the god and through no act of her own.
Elisabeth Oberzaucher and Karl Grammer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199231751
- eISBN:
- 9780191696527
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231751.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
This chapter introduces motion quality as an analog signal in communication. It begins with an overview of the history of motion research, and then introduces a communication model that goes beyond ...
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This chapter introduces motion quality as an analog signal in communication. It begins with an overview of the history of motion research, and then introduces a communication model that goes beyond signal ‘ping-pong’ theories, based on the evolutionary constraints of communication. Finally, it presents empirical studies on motion quality and the expressiveness of body motions demonstrating that body language is not easily disguised. These studies interpret the ability of humans to analyse other people's body language as a tool to identify honest signaling and to detect cheaters.Less
This chapter introduces motion quality as an analog signal in communication. It begins with an overview of the history of motion research, and then introduces a communication model that goes beyond signal ‘ping-pong’ theories, based on the evolutionary constraints of communication. Finally, it presents empirical studies on motion quality and the expressiveness of body motions demonstrating that body language is not easily disguised. These studies interpret the ability of humans to analyse other people's body language as a tool to identify honest signaling and to detect cheaters.
Beatrice de Gelder
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780195374346
- eISBN:
- 9780190265441
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374346.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Social Psychology
Humans continuously and automatically absorb a wide range of social signals, and the brain is always dealing with these signals at various levels of processing. Emotional signals seem to be prime ...
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Humans continuously and automatically absorb a wide range of social signals, and the brain is always dealing with these signals at various levels of processing. Emotional signals seem to be prime candidates for being prioritized and receiving further treatment. This chapter asks how language and bodily expressions are related and whether there is there a syntax and a phonology of body language. It discusses mirror neurons, the social mirror, action mirroring, and the listener’s access to linguistic intentions. It reviews the various conceptual frameworks on these issues, their critiques, and some alternatives. It also discusses motor contagion and emotion contagion as well as reflection-based and decision-like actions.Less
Humans continuously and automatically absorb a wide range of social signals, and the brain is always dealing with these signals at various levels of processing. Emotional signals seem to be prime candidates for being prioritized and receiving further treatment. This chapter asks how language and bodily expressions are related and whether there is there a syntax and a phonology of body language. It discusses mirror neurons, the social mirror, action mirroring, and the listener’s access to linguistic intentions. It reviews the various conceptual frameworks on these issues, their critiques, and some alternatives. It also discusses motor contagion and emotion contagion as well as reflection-based and decision-like actions.
Anne Schmidt
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199655731
- eISBN:
- 9780191757662
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199655731.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter examines continuity and change in the knowledge about emotional expression stored in encyclopedias from the early eighteenth to early twenty-first centuries, including shifts in ...
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This chapter examines continuity and change in the knowledge about emotional expression stored in encyclopedias from the early eighteenth to early twenty-first centuries, including shifts in theoretical concepts, leading disciplines, and central figures of the debates. From the beginning, visual images were central to the representation of this knowledge, and the science of emotion drew on knowledge from the field of artistic representation, and vice versa. Furthermore, from the eighteenth century onwards, debates revolved around the issue of nature versus nurture, the question of whether emotional expression was ‘natural’ or (at least in part) also cultural.Less
This chapter examines continuity and change in the knowledge about emotional expression stored in encyclopedias from the early eighteenth to early twenty-first centuries, including shifts in theoretical concepts, leading disciplines, and central figures of the debates. From the beginning, visual images were central to the representation of this knowledge, and the science of emotion drew on knowledge from the field of artistic representation, and vice versa. Furthermore, from the eighteenth century onwards, debates revolved around the issue of nature versus nurture, the question of whether emotional expression was ‘natural’ or (at least in part) also cultural.
Ian Bogost
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780816699117
- eISBN:
- 9781452952406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816699117.003.0011
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter looks at the idea that because games are objects that we touch and manipulate, sometimes their tactility matters most. It focuses on gestural interfaces, such as Wii. It argues that even ...
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This chapter looks at the idea that because games are objects that we touch and manipulate, sometimes their tactility matters most. It focuses on gestural interfaces, such as Wii. It argues that even if physical realism might offer a promising direction for gestural interfaces, it is a value that conceals an important truth: in ordinary experience, gestures not only perform actions but also convey meaning. It discusses the importance of body language, and how perhaps the success of games is to be found not in ever-better accelerometers and infrared sensors but in the way they invite players to respond to them. It uses the game Train by Brenda Romero as an example of when games can make the inspiration of particular player movements their primary purpose, rather than a mere instrument for superficial realism.Less
This chapter looks at the idea that because games are objects that we touch and manipulate, sometimes their tactility matters most. It focuses on gestural interfaces, such as Wii. It argues that even if physical realism might offer a promising direction for gestural interfaces, it is a value that conceals an important truth: in ordinary experience, gestures not only perform actions but also convey meaning. It discusses the importance of body language, and how perhaps the success of games is to be found not in ever-better accelerometers and infrared sensors but in the way they invite players to respond to them. It uses the game Train by Brenda Romero as an example of when games can make the inspiration of particular player movements their primary purpose, rather than a mere instrument for superficial realism.
Marc Marschark, Harry G. Lang, and John A. Albertini
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780195310702
- eISBN:
- 9780197562468
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780195310702.003.0008
- Subject:
- Education, Teaching of Specific Groups and Special Educational Needs
Parents, siblings, and others provide young children with a context in which development occurs and supports and promotes early learning. In this chapter, we consider the roles of various ...
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Parents, siblings, and others provide young children with a context in which development occurs and supports and promotes early learning. In this chapter, we consider the roles of various individuals and early interventions in social, language, and cognitive development before children enter school. Because most deaf children are born to nonsigning, hearing parents, communication in the home is given special consideration, particularly with regard to the kinds of information and experience that contribute to those domains. We also consider the importance of implicit instruction in relation to fostering educational readiness and the potential effects on long-term academic achievement and personal growth. Parents will encounter both opportunities and challenges in raising a deaf child, and research has demonstrated a variety of ways in which they can optimize their child’s development. Therefore, we devote some space to describing the field on which early development takes place. Most important, we will see the importance of deaf children having early access to language, social interaction, and experiential diversity. Because most cases of deafness are not hereditary, many deaf children will have congenital or early-onset hearing losses that are totally unexpected (and usually unrecognized for some time) by their parents. Some of those children will be considered at risk at birth because of the maternal, fetal, or neonatal medical problems that contributed to their hearing losses. Beyond the consequences of initial medical difficulties, factors related to prenatal or postnatal hearing loss may well influence the quantity or quality of interactions the infant has with others in the environment during the first few months. These earliest influences, and their effects, can have ever-widening consequences for development over the first months and years of life. Even before birth, sounds perceived from within the womb can influence the course of development. Early in the last trimester of pregnancy, a fetus will rotate and adopt a new position with the head against the mother’s pelvis. Most fetuses already have considerable responsiveness to sound at this point and can perceive the mother’s voice and heartbeat through bone conduction (Als et al., 1979).
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Parents, siblings, and others provide young children with a context in which development occurs and supports and promotes early learning. In this chapter, we consider the roles of various individuals and early interventions in social, language, and cognitive development before children enter school. Because most deaf children are born to nonsigning, hearing parents, communication in the home is given special consideration, particularly with regard to the kinds of information and experience that contribute to those domains. We also consider the importance of implicit instruction in relation to fostering educational readiness and the potential effects on long-term academic achievement and personal growth. Parents will encounter both opportunities and challenges in raising a deaf child, and research has demonstrated a variety of ways in which they can optimize their child’s development. Therefore, we devote some space to describing the field on which early development takes place. Most important, we will see the importance of deaf children having early access to language, social interaction, and experiential diversity. Because most cases of deafness are not hereditary, many deaf children will have congenital or early-onset hearing losses that are totally unexpected (and usually unrecognized for some time) by their parents. Some of those children will be considered at risk at birth because of the maternal, fetal, or neonatal medical problems that contributed to their hearing losses. Beyond the consequences of initial medical difficulties, factors related to prenatal or postnatal hearing loss may well influence the quantity or quality of interactions the infant has with others in the environment during the first few months. These earliest influences, and their effects, can have ever-widening consequences for development over the first months and years of life. Even before birth, sounds perceived from within the womb can influence the course of development. Early in the last trimester of pregnancy, a fetus will rotate and adopt a new position with the head against the mother’s pelvis. Most fetuses already have considerable responsiveness to sound at this point and can perceive the mother’s voice and heartbeat through bone conduction (Als et al., 1979).
