Elizabeth Popp Berman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691147086
- eISBN:
- 9781400840472
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691147086.003.0004
- Subject:
- Education, Higher Education
This chapter examines the development of a new market-logic practice in academic science, namely faculty entrepreneurship in the biosciences. It begins by reviewing the origins of this practice, then ...
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This chapter examines the development of a new market-logic practice in academic science, namely faculty entrepreneurship in the biosciences. It begins by reviewing the origins of this practice, then tracks its early development as well as limits to its growth and spread. It then goes on to examine policy decisions that removed these limits and replaced them with incentives, and considers how political concern with the economic impact of innovation contributed to these decisions. The chapter concludes with a look at the subsequent takeoff of this practice, followed by a discussion of the conditions that appear to have been necessary for this takeoff to occur.Less
This chapter examines the development of a new market-logic practice in academic science, namely faculty entrepreneurship in the biosciences. It begins by reviewing the origins of this practice, then tracks its early development as well as limits to its growth and spread. It then goes on to examine policy decisions that removed these limits and replaced them with incentives, and considers how political concern with the economic impact of innovation contributed to these decisions. The chapter concludes with a look at the subsequent takeoff of this practice, followed by a discussion of the conditions that appear to have been necessary for this takeoff to occur.
Carrie Friese
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814729083
- eISBN:
- 9780814729090
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814729083.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
The natural world is marked by an ever-increasing loss of varied habitats, a growing number of species extinctions, and a full range of new kinds of dilemmas posed by global warming. At the same ...
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The natural world is marked by an ever-increasing loss of varied habitats, a growing number of species extinctions, and a full range of new kinds of dilemmas posed by global warming. At the same time, humans are also working to actively shape this natural world through contemporary bioscience and biotechnology. This book posits that cloned endangered animals in zoos sit at the apex of these two trends, as humans seek a scientific solution to environmental crisis. Often fraught with controversy, cloning technologies significantly affect our conceptualizations of and engagements with wildlife and nature. By studying animals at different locations, the book explores the human practices surrounding the cloning of endangered animals. Ultimately, the book concludes that the act of recalibrating nature through science is what most disturbs us about cloning animals in captivity, revealing that debates over cloning become, in the end, a site of political struggle between different human groups. Moreover, the book explores the implications of the social role that animals at the zoo play in the first place—how they are viewed, consumed, and used by humans for our own needs. A unique study uniting sociology and the study of science and technology, the book demonstrates just how much bioscience reproduces and changes our ideas about the meaning of life itself.Less
The natural world is marked by an ever-increasing loss of varied habitats, a growing number of species extinctions, and a full range of new kinds of dilemmas posed by global warming. At the same time, humans are also working to actively shape this natural world through contemporary bioscience and biotechnology. This book posits that cloned endangered animals in zoos sit at the apex of these two trends, as humans seek a scientific solution to environmental crisis. Often fraught with controversy, cloning technologies significantly affect our conceptualizations of and engagements with wildlife and nature. By studying animals at different locations, the book explores the human practices surrounding the cloning of endangered animals. Ultimately, the book concludes that the act of recalibrating nature through science is what most disturbs us about cloning animals in captivity, revealing that debates over cloning become, in the end, a site of political struggle between different human groups. Moreover, the book explores the implications of the social role that animals at the zoo play in the first place—how they are viewed, consumed, and used by humans for our own needs. A unique study uniting sociology and the study of science and technology, the book demonstrates just how much bioscience reproduces and changes our ideas about the meaning of life itself.
Jim Tomlinson and Christopher A. Whatley (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781845860905
- eISBN:
- 9781474406031
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781845860905.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Scottish Studies
This book traces the process of industrial decline in Dundee from the Victorian era onwards and the social and political reverberations of this decline. It is a story of urban transformation, and how ...
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This book traces the process of industrial decline in Dundee from the Victorian era onwards and the social and political reverberations of this decline. It is a story of urban transformation, and how this impacted on jobs, the physical environment, social life, culture and politics. The book details how, as the Victorian era drew to a close, Dundee was the world's jute manufacturing capital — ‘Juteopolis’. It shows that behind this success was a harsh working environment, low wages, abysmal living conditions, and appalling social distress, especially for the industry's predominantly female workforce. The book shows how, as Juteopolis waned, a new Dundee came into being. It concludes by detailing how, in the later twentieth century, Dundee proclaimed itself Scotland's ‘City of Discovery’ and how biosciences and computer games are what many people now associate with the city.Less
This book traces the process of industrial decline in Dundee from the Victorian era onwards and the social and political reverberations of this decline. It is a story of urban transformation, and how this impacted on jobs, the physical environment, social life, culture and politics. The book details how, as the Victorian era drew to a close, Dundee was the world's jute manufacturing capital — ‘Juteopolis’. It shows that behind this success was a harsh working environment, low wages, abysmal living conditions, and appalling social distress, especially for the industry's predominantly female workforce. The book shows how, as Juteopolis waned, a new Dundee came into being. It concludes by detailing how, in the later twentieth century, Dundee proclaimed itself Scotland's ‘City of Discovery’ and how biosciences and computer games are what many people now associate with the city.
Paul Rabinow and Gaymon Bennett
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262012621
- eISBN:
- 9780262255301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012621.003.0014
- Subject:
- Biology, Bioethics
This chapter explores the two main existing modes in which professional ethicists interface with the scientific, regulatory, and policymaking communities, and advocates adopting a new, third mode of ...
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This chapter explores the two main existing modes in which professional ethicists interface with the scientific, regulatory, and policymaking communities, and advocates adopting a new, third mode of interaction that is especially appropriate for synthetic biology. It analyzes the existing modes of interaction and engagement between and among the human sciences, the biosciences, ethics, and organizational forms. It examines three predominant modes of engagement: the representation of technical experts, the facilitation of “science and society,” as well as inquiry and equipment. This chapter is oriented toward understanding how potentially viable design strategies emerge, how these strategies might inform synthetic biology, and what efforts are undertaken to integrate them into a comprehensive approach to the near future.Less
This chapter explores the two main existing modes in which professional ethicists interface with the scientific, regulatory, and policymaking communities, and advocates adopting a new, third mode of interaction that is especially appropriate for synthetic biology. It analyzes the existing modes of interaction and engagement between and among the human sciences, the biosciences, ethics, and organizational forms. It examines three predominant modes of engagement: the representation of technical experts, the facilitation of “science and society,” as well as inquiry and equipment. This chapter is oriented toward understanding how potentially viable design strategies emerge, how these strategies might inform synthetic biology, and what efforts are undertaken to integrate them into a comprehensive approach to the near future.
Christine Hauskeller
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262012621
- eISBN:
- 9780262255301
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262012621.003.0016
- Subject:
- Biology, Bioethics
This chapter reviews some product-directed aims of protocell research and describes which ethical issues are likely to be the most salient to the governance of protocell science. It argues that the ...
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This chapter reviews some product-directed aims of protocell research and describes which ethical issues are likely to be the most salient to the governance of protocell science. It argues that the most significant issues are the risk of destroying natural environments and threats to human lives from medical and weaponry use, familiar problems of bioscience that are already on the agenda of ethical and regulatory discourses. It then analyzes the epistemic aims of the field and the socially controversial questions to which protocell research is expected to deliver answers. This chapter suggests that serious ethical problems accompany bioscientific invention. It shows that protocell science opens the door for discussion among science, philosophy, and the general public.Less
This chapter reviews some product-directed aims of protocell research and describes which ethical issues are likely to be the most salient to the governance of protocell science. It argues that the most significant issues are the risk of destroying natural environments and threats to human lives from medical and weaponry use, familiar problems of bioscience that are already on the agenda of ethical and regulatory discourses. It then analyzes the epistemic aims of the field and the socially controversial questions to which protocell research is expected to deliver answers. This chapter suggests that serious ethical problems accompany bioscientific invention. It shows that protocell science opens the door for discussion among science, philosophy, and the general public.
Anju Mary Paul
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198815273
- eISBN:
- 9780191853029
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0013
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Economy
Postdoctoral training is now essential for an academic career in the life sciences. As Asian research universities invest in improving their infrastructure and funding, Asian-born aspiring ...
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Postdoctoral training is now essential for an academic career in the life sciences. As Asian research universities invest in improving their infrastructure and funding, Asian-born aspiring bioscientists now have a destination choice to make between the West and Asia for their postdoctoral training. This chapter highlights the role played by Asia-based scientists (many of whom are returned migrants from the West) in mediating their students’ understanding of the relative merits of these different destination options. Interviews with eighty-two Asian-born, Western-trained bioscientists who have since returned to Asia to work in Singapore, India, China, or Taiwan, reveal that these scientists still recommend postdoctoral training in the West, though they increasingly recommend doctoral training in Asia, leading to hybrid training pathways. These findings demonstrate the ongoing (though narrowing) gap between Western and Asian scientific research structures, particularly in terms of status, networking opportunities, and research cultures.Less
Postdoctoral training is now essential for an academic career in the life sciences. As Asian research universities invest in improving their infrastructure and funding, Asian-born aspiring bioscientists now have a destination choice to make between the West and Asia for their postdoctoral training. This chapter highlights the role played by Asia-based scientists (many of whom are returned migrants from the West) in mediating their students’ understanding of the relative merits of these different destination options. Interviews with eighty-two Asian-born, Western-trained bioscientists who have since returned to Asia to work in Singapore, India, China, or Taiwan, reveal that these scientists still recommend postdoctoral training in the West, though they increasingly recommend doctoral training in Asia, leading to hybrid training pathways. These findings demonstrate the ongoing (though narrowing) gap between Western and Asian scientific research structures, particularly in terms of status, networking opportunities, and research cultures.
