Tim Bayne
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199215386
- eISBN:
- 9780191594786
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215386.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, General
One of the features of consciousness that has been largely overlooked in recent treatments of the topic is its unity. What is the unity of consciousness? To what degree might consciousness be ...
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One of the features of consciousness that has been largely overlooked in recent treatments of the topic is its unity. What is the unity of consciousness? To what degree might consciousness be unified? And what implications might the unity of consciousness have for our conception of consciousness and the self? Drawing on philosophy, psychology and neuroscience, this book presents answers to these questions. The first part of the book develops a conception of the unity of consciousness according to which a subject has a unified conscious if and only if it has a single conscious state that subsumes each and every one of its conscious states. This conception of the unity of consciousness gives rise to the unity thesis—the claim that consciousness in human beings is necessarily unified. The second part of the volume examines the plausibility of the unity thesis. The book develops a model for evaluating the unity thesis and then goes on to apply this model to a wide range of syndromes—such as anosognosia, the hidden observer in hypnosis, and the split‐brain syndrome—in which the unity of consciousness is often said to breakdown. In each case the evidence in favour of disunity models is found wanting. The final third of the volume examines points of contact between the unity of consciousness on the one hand and theories of theories of consciousness, the sense of embodiment, and accounts of the self on the other.Less
One of the features of consciousness that has been largely overlooked in recent treatments of the topic is its unity. What is the unity of consciousness? To what degree might consciousness be unified? And what implications might the unity of consciousness have for our conception of consciousness and the self? Drawing on philosophy, psychology and neuroscience, this book presents answers to these questions. The first part of the book develops a conception of the unity of consciousness according to which a subject has a unified conscious if and only if it has a single conscious state that subsumes each and every one of its conscious states. This conception of the unity of consciousness gives rise to the unity thesis—the claim that consciousness in human beings is necessarily unified. The second part of the volume examines the plausibility of the unity thesis. The book develops a model for evaluating the unity thesis and then goes on to apply this model to a wide range of syndromes—such as anosognosia, the hidden observer in hypnosis, and the split‐brain syndrome—in which the unity of consciousness is often said to breakdown. In each case the evidence in favour of disunity models is found wanting. The final third of the volume examines points of contact between the unity of consciousness on the one hand and theories of theories of consciousness, the sense of embodiment, and accounts of the self on the other.
Vlatko Vedral
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199215706
- eISBN:
- 9780191706783
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215706.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
In addition to treating quantum communication, entanglement, error correction, and algorithms in great depth, this book also addresses a number of interesting miscellaneous topics, such as Maxwell's ...
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In addition to treating quantum communication, entanglement, error correction, and algorithms in great depth, this book also addresses a number of interesting miscellaneous topics, such as Maxwell's demon, Landauer's erasure, the Bekenstein bound, and Caratheodory's treatment of the second law of thermodynamics. All mathematical derivations are based on clear physical pictures which make even the most involved results — such as the Holevo bound — look comprehensible and transparent. Quantum information is a fascinating topic precisely because it shows that the laws of information processing are actually dependent on the laws of physics. However, it is also very interesting to see that information theory has something to teach us about physics. Both of these directions are discussed throughout the book. Other topics covered in the book are quantum mechanics, measures of quantum entanglement, general conditions of quantum error correction, pure state entanglement and Pauli matrices, pure states and Bell's inequalities, and computational complexity of quantum algorithms.Less
In addition to treating quantum communication, entanglement, error correction, and algorithms in great depth, this book also addresses a number of interesting miscellaneous topics, such as Maxwell's demon, Landauer's erasure, the Bekenstein bound, and Caratheodory's treatment of the second law of thermodynamics. All mathematical derivations are based on clear physical pictures which make even the most involved results — such as the Holevo bound — look comprehensible and transparent. Quantum information is a fascinating topic precisely because it shows that the laws of information processing are actually dependent on the laws of physics. However, it is also very interesting to see that information theory has something to teach us about physics. Both of these directions are discussed throughout the book. Other topics covered in the book are quantum mechanics, measures of quantum entanglement, general conditions of quantum error correction, pure state entanglement and Pauli matrices, pure states and Bell's inequalities, and computational complexity of quantum algorithms.
Roger M. Barker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199576814
- eISBN:
- 9780191722509
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576814.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, International Business, Corporate Governance and Accountability
A variety of statistical robustness tests confirm that the conclusions of Chapter 6 are not sensitive to the inclusion of particular countries or observations in the data set, or the choice of ...
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A variety of statistical robustness tests confirm that the conclusions of Chapter 6 are not sensitive to the inclusion of particular countries or observations in the data set, or the choice of individual control variables. The reestimation of the model in terms of first‐differences (i.e., a dynamic model specification) also gives rise to consistent results.Less
A variety of statistical robustness tests confirm that the conclusions of Chapter 6 are not sensitive to the inclusion of particular countries or observations in the data set, or the choice of individual control variables. The reestimation of the model in terms of first‐differences (i.e., a dynamic model specification) also gives rise to consistent results.
George J. Mailath and Larry Samuelson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300796
- eISBN:
- 9780199783700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300796.003.0008
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter uses the tools developed in Chapter 7 to bound the set of equilibrium payoffs for a repeated game, based on decomposing payoffs on half spaces. These bounds imply a lack of efficiency ...
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This chapter uses the tools developed in Chapter 7 to bound the set of equilibrium payoffs for a repeated game, based on decomposing payoffs on half spaces. These bounds imply a lack of efficiency for games with binding moral hazard. Extensive illustrations are provided, primarily with the prisoners’ dilemma.Less
This chapter uses the tools developed in Chapter 7 to bound the set of equilibrium payoffs for a repeated game, based on decomposing payoffs on half spaces. These bounds imply a lack of efficiency for games with binding moral hazard. Extensive illustrations are provided, primarily with the prisoners’ dilemma.
George J. Mailath and Larry Samuelson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195300796
- eISBN:
- 9780199783700
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300796.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter introduces the adverse-selection approach to reputations. The chapter considers a long-lived player facing a sequence of short-lived players. If there is some (perhaps very small) chance ...
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This chapter introduces the adverse-selection approach to reputations. The chapter considers a long-lived player facing a sequence of short-lived players. If there is some (perhaps very small) chance that the long-lived players is a commitment (or action) type, then the payoff for a sufficiently patient long-lived player (in any Nash equilibrium of the repeated game) must be close to the payoff he would receive if he was known to be that commitment type (the Stackelberg payoff). This result is established for perfect monitoring games using arguments based on Bayes’ rule and for imperfect monitoring games using martingale arguments (merging). A characterization of asymptotic play shows that for imperfect monitoring games, reputations are temporary.Less
This chapter introduces the adverse-selection approach to reputations. The chapter considers a long-lived player facing a sequence of short-lived players. If there is some (perhaps very small) chance that the long-lived players is a commitment (or action) type, then the payoff for a sufficiently patient long-lived player (in any Nash equilibrium of the repeated game) must be close to the payoff he would receive if he was known to be that commitment type (the Stackelberg payoff). This result is established for perfect monitoring games using arguments based on Bayes’ rule and for imperfect monitoring games using martingale arguments (merging). A characterization of asymptotic play shows that for imperfect monitoring games, reputations are temporary.
Michele Goodwin
David E. Guinn (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195178739
- eISBN:
- 9780199784943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195178734.003.0018
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
The domains of religious doctrine and practice provide ground for double bind analysis, particularly as applied to race, religion, and bioethics. In these spheres, reconciling church doctrine with ...
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The domains of religious doctrine and practice provide ground for double bind analysis, particularly as applied to race, religion, and bioethics. In these spheres, reconciling church doctrine with social or medical practice is often challenging; the demands from each sphere are unique and sometimes irreconcilable. This chapter uses double bind theory as a framework to engage in a dialogue concerning race, religion, and bioethics. It offers a dialogue that scrutinizes conservative religious thought in what is colloquially known as the “black church” regarding the challenges of medical ethics and race.Less
The domains of religious doctrine and practice provide ground for double bind analysis, particularly as applied to race, religion, and bioethics. In these spheres, reconciling church doctrine with social or medical practice is often challenging; the demands from each sphere are unique and sometimes irreconcilable. This chapter uses double bind theory as a framework to engage in a dialogue concerning race, religion, and bioethics. It offers a dialogue that scrutinizes conservative religious thought in what is colloquially known as the “black church” regarding the challenges of medical ethics and race.
Mike Finnis
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780198509776
- eISBN:
- 9780191709180
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198509776.001.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Atomic, Laser, and Optical Physics
There is a continuing growth of interest in the computer simulation of materials at the atomic scale, using a variety of academic and commercial computer programs. In all such programs there is some ...
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There is a continuing growth of interest in the computer simulation of materials at the atomic scale, using a variety of academic and commercial computer programs. In all such programs there is some physical model of the interatomic forces. For a student or researcher, the basis of such models is often shrouded in mystery. It is usually unclear how well founded they are, since it is hard to find a discussion of the physical assumptions that have been made in their construction. The lack of clear understanding of the scope and limitations of a given model may lead to its innocent misuse, resulting either in unfair criticism of the model or in the dissemination of nonsensical results. In this book, models of interatomic forces are derived from a common physical basis, namely the density functional theory. The book includes the detailed derivation of pairwise potentials in simple metals, tight-binding models from the simplest to the most sophisticated (self-consistent) kind, and ionic models. It provides a critical appreciation of the broad range of models in current use, and provides the tools for understanding other variants that are described in the literature. Some of the material is new, and some pointers are given to possible future avenues of model development.Less
There is a continuing growth of interest in the computer simulation of materials at the atomic scale, using a variety of academic and commercial computer programs. In all such programs there is some physical model of the interatomic forces. For a student or researcher, the basis of such models is often shrouded in mystery. It is usually unclear how well founded they are, since it is hard to find a discussion of the physical assumptions that have been made in their construction. The lack of clear understanding of the scope and limitations of a given model may lead to its innocent misuse, resulting either in unfair criticism of the model or in the dissemination of nonsensical results. In this book, models of interatomic forces are derived from a common physical basis, namely the density functional theory. The book includes the detailed derivation of pairwise potentials in simple metals, tight-binding models from the simplest to the most sophisticated (self-consistent) kind, and ionic models. It provides a critical appreciation of the broad range of models in current use, and provides the tools for understanding other variants that are described in the literature. Some of the material is new, and some pointers are given to possible future avenues of model development.
Torbjörn Bergman
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198297840
- eISBN:
- 9780191602016
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019829784X.003.0020
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
While far from perfect, for much of the post-war period the Swedish chain of democratic delegation and accountability has not been affected by serious agency problems. Fierce electoral competition ...
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While far from perfect, for much of the post-war period the Swedish chain of democratic delegation and accountability has not been affected by serious agency problems. Fierce electoral competition between two clearly defined blocs and two alternative visions of society allowed voters to be reasonably sure that elections would impact on the direction of national politics. At the same time, the minority status of most cabinets allowed for moderation in policy decisions. Since the late 1980s, however, Swedish politicians have increasingly been faced with distrust, lower electoral turnout, and a loss of party members. It is possible that the growing discrepancy between de facto power relations and the ideal-typical Constitution contributes to a declining popular trust in politicians and political parties.Less
While far from perfect, for much of the post-war period the Swedish chain of democratic delegation and accountability has not been affected by serious agency problems. Fierce electoral competition between two clearly defined blocs and two alternative visions of society allowed voters to be reasonably sure that elections would impact on the direction of national politics. At the same time, the minority status of most cabinets allowed for moderation in policy decisions. Since the late 1980s, however, Swedish politicians have increasingly been faced with distrust, lower electoral turnout, and a loss of party members. It is possible that the growing discrepancy between de facto power relations and the ideal-typical Constitution contributes to a declining popular trust in politicians and political parties.
Charles Taylor
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294962
- eISBN:
- 9780191598708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294964.003.0018
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
There is a way of going about arbitrating a difference, not by finding a procedural principle, which will adjudicate it once and for all, but by confronting the identity needs and the demands of ...
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There is a way of going about arbitrating a difference, not by finding a procedural principle, which will adjudicate it once and for all, but by confronting the identity needs and the demands of faith and principle that are here in confrontation, and trying to come to some defensible accommodation. One can say that, if the proponents of school prayer had had the sense to stop being Christians, and to redefine themselves as agnostic Kantians, they would have seen that they were being equally respected, qua rational agents, or life-plan choosers–but to take that as a modality of respect in a plural society sounds more like a bad joke than like good political philosophy. There are deep reasons in epistemology, and a theory of human agency and freedom, to go for a procedural ethics and politics, but the nature of the debate, in which the second Rawls is a key figure, was meant to bypass metaphysics and to bracket the deep theories of epistemology and anthropology. A subgroup which is not listened to, is in some respects excluded from the “nation,” but by this same token, it is no longer bound by the will of that nation. What Foucault defined as the only really healthy mode of identity formation, the definition of self in the aesthetic dimension, was a completely solo operation, the achievement of lone virtuosi, who could learn from each other, but did not need to associate with each other; one could not be farther removed from the Herder–Humboldt perspective, which may be the only perspective from which one can distinguish destructive from creative modes of multiculturalism.Less
There is a way of going about arbitrating a difference, not by finding a procedural principle, which will adjudicate it once and for all, but by confronting the identity needs and the demands of faith and principle that are here in confrontation, and trying to come to some defensible accommodation. One can say that, if the proponents of school prayer had had the sense to stop being Christians, and to redefine themselves as agnostic Kantians, they would have seen that they were being equally respected, qua rational agents, or life-plan choosers–but to take that as a modality of respect in a plural society sounds more like a bad joke than like good political philosophy. There are deep reasons in epistemology, and a theory of human agency and freedom, to go for a procedural ethics and politics, but the nature of the debate, in which the second Rawls is a key figure, was meant to bypass metaphysics and to bracket the deep theories of epistemology and anthropology. A subgroup which is not listened to, is in some respects excluded from the “nation,” but by this same token, it is no longer bound by the will of that nation. What Foucault defined as the only really healthy mode of identity formation, the definition of self in the aesthetic dimension, was a completely solo operation, the achievement of lone virtuosi, who could learn from each other, but did not need to associate with each other; one could not be farther removed from the Herder–Humboldt perspective, which may be the only perspective from which one can distinguish destructive from creative modes of multiculturalism.
Sydney D. Bailey and Sam Daws
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198280736
- eISBN:
- 9780191598746
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198280734.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Looks at voting at the UN Security Council. The introduction makes the point that a proposal (or draft resolution) may be submitted by any member/s of the Council (known as the sponsor or ...
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Looks at voting at the UN Security Council. The introduction makes the point that a proposal (or draft resolution) may be submitted by any member/s of the Council (known as the sponsor or co‐sponsors), and that a member of the UN who is not a member of the Council may also submit a proposal, but it will only be put to the vote at the request of a Council member. A procedural motion or draft resolution may be withdrawn at any time as long as no vote has been taken on it, unless it has more than one sponsor, in which case a vote may be required. The first two sections of the chapter discuss procedural motions and substantive decisions, and the next section discusses the veto (as implied by Article 27 of the Charter), and includes tables giving details of all vetoes cast from 1946 to mid 1997. The following two sections discuss the double veto (examples are given) and the ‘hidden veto’, and the remaining sections discuss abstentions (with examples), absence, non‐participation in the vote, consensus and unanimity (details are tabulated of Council resolutions adopted ‘without a vote’ or ‘by consensus’), and when decisions are binding.Less
Looks at voting at the UN Security Council. The introduction makes the point that a proposal (or draft resolution) may be submitted by any member/s of the Council (known as the sponsor or co‐sponsors), and that a member of the UN who is not a member of the Council may also submit a proposal, but it will only be put to the vote at the request of a Council member. A procedural motion or draft resolution may be withdrawn at any time as long as no vote has been taken on it, unless it has more than one sponsor, in which case a vote may be required. The first two sections of the chapter discuss procedural motions and substantive decisions, and the next section discusses the veto (as implied by Article 27 of the Charter), and includes tables giving details of all vetoes cast from 1946 to mid 1997. The following two sections discuss the double veto (examples are given) and the ‘hidden veto’, and the remaining sections discuss abstentions (with examples), absence, non‐participation in the vote, consensus and unanimity (details are tabulated of Council resolutions adopted ‘without a vote’ or ‘by consensus’), and when decisions are binding.
JAN TERJE FAARLUND
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199235599
- eISBN:
- 9780191709401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235599.003.0011
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter deals with various kinds of antecedent–anaphor relationships. Binding is as usual subject to c-command, but various functional categories can be binders: besides subjects, also dative ...
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This chapter deals with various kinds of antecedent–anaphor relationships. Binding is as usual subject to c-command, but various functional categories can be binders: besides subjects, also dative and accusative objects.Less
This chapter deals with various kinds of antecedent–anaphor relationships. Binding is as usual subject to c-command, but various functional categories can be binders: besides subjects, also dative and accusative objects.
Johan Rooryck and Guido Vanden Wyngaerd
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199691326
- eISBN:
- 9780191731785
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199691326.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This book adopts the strong Minimalist thesis that grammar contains no rules or principles specifically designed to account for anaphors and pronouns. Lexically, anaphors have unvalued φ-features, ...
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This book adopts the strong Minimalist thesis that grammar contains no rules or principles specifically designed to account for anaphors and pronouns. Lexically, anaphors have unvalued φ-features, which need to be valued under Agree. This leads to the novel assumption that anaphors c-command their antecedents. This idea underlies the analysis of both simplex and complex reflexives. Simplex reflexives are merged in a configuration of inalienable possession, with the simplex reflexive c-commanding its antecedent inside a possessive small clause. Self-reflexives share the syntax of self-intensifiers and floating quantifiers, raising to a vP-adjoined position to c-command their antecedents. In contrast to anaphors, pronouns have lexically valued φ-features. Postsyntactic lexical insertion accounts for absence of Principle B effects observed in many languages. The behaviour of pronouns and self-forms in snake-sentences is related to the nature of the Axpart projection of the locative preposition. Semantically, the difference between simplex and complex reflexives derives from the way they refer to spatiotemporal stages of their antecedents.Less
This book adopts the strong Minimalist thesis that grammar contains no rules or principles specifically designed to account for anaphors and pronouns. Lexically, anaphors have unvalued φ-features, which need to be valued under Agree. This leads to the novel assumption that anaphors c-command their antecedents. This idea underlies the analysis of both simplex and complex reflexives. Simplex reflexives are merged in a configuration of inalienable possession, with the simplex reflexive c-commanding its antecedent inside a possessive small clause. Self-reflexives share the syntax of self-intensifiers and floating quantifiers, raising to a vP-adjoined position to c-command their antecedents. In contrast to anaphors, pronouns have lexically valued φ-features. Postsyntactic lexical insertion accounts for absence of Principle B effects observed in many languages. The behaviour of pronouns and self-forms in snake-sentences is related to the nature of the Axpart projection of the locative preposition. Semantically, the difference between simplex and complex reflexives derives from the way they refer to spatiotemporal stages of their antecedents.
Dinah Shelton (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199270989
- eISBN:
- 9780191707704
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270989.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This book evaluates the impact on state behaviour of international norms adopted in forms that are not legally binding. The use of such ‘soft law’ has increased dramatically with the proliferation of ...
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This book evaluates the impact on state behaviour of international norms adopted in forms that are not legally binding. The use of such ‘soft law’ has increased dramatically with the proliferation of international organizations. Whether and how such norms can be used effectively to supplement or substitute for legally binding obligations forms the heart of this discussion. The study examines four areas of international law: human rights, the environment, arms control, and trade and finance. For each area, they assess the use of non-binding norms and ask whether such norms engender state compliance. More generally, the discussion also addresses the nature of international law and the role of non-binding norms in the international legal system.Less
This book evaluates the impact on state behaviour of international norms adopted in forms that are not legally binding. The use of such ‘soft law’ has increased dramatically with the proliferation of international organizations. Whether and how such norms can be used effectively to supplement or substitute for legally binding obligations forms the heart of this discussion. The study examines four areas of international law: human rights, the environment, arms control, and trade and finance. For each area, they assess the use of non-binding norms and ask whether such norms engender state compliance. More generally, the discussion also addresses the nature of international law and the role of non-binding norms in the international legal system.
Peter W. Culicover and Ray Jackendoff
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199271092
- eISBN:
- 9780191709418
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271092.003.0010
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter focuses on some phenomena concerning the coding of coreference relations with reflexive pronouns. The issue is the choice between the two following positions: syntactic binding where ...
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This chapter focuses on some phenomena concerning the coding of coreference relations with reflexive pronouns. The issue is the choice between the two following positions: syntactic binding where coreference relations are coded by coindexation in syntax (redundantly with the semantics, where coreference is necessarily theory and semantic + interface theory, where coreference relations are coded in semantics alone) and where the possibility of binding is conditioned by some combination of semantic and syntactic structural conditions (the latter including the Grammatical Function tier). It is argued that the latter approach is correct.Less
This chapter focuses on some phenomena concerning the coding of coreference relations with reflexive pronouns. The issue is the choice between the two following positions: syntactic binding where coreference relations are coded by coindexation in syntax (redundantly with the semantics, where coreference is necessarily theory and semantic + interface theory, where coreference relations are coded in semantics alone) and where the possibility of binding is conditioned by some combination of semantic and syntactic structural conditions (the latter including the Grammatical Function tier). It is argued that the latter approach is correct.
Vlatko Vedral
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199215706
- eISBN:
- 9780191706783
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215706.003.0014
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This book has discussed the foundations of quantum information science as well as the relationship between physics and information theory in general. It has considered the quantum equivalents of the ...
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This book has discussed the foundations of quantum information science as well as the relationship between physics and information theory in general. It has considered the quantum equivalents of the Shannon coding and channel capacity theorems. The von Neumann entropy plays a role analogous to the Shannon entropy, and the Holevo bound is the analogue of Shannon's mutual information used to quantify the capacity of a classical channel. Quantum systems can process information more efficiently than classical systems in a number of different ways. Quantum teleportation and quantum dense coding can be performed using quantum entanglement. Entanglement is an excess of correlations that can exist in quantum physics and is impossible to reproduce classically (with what is termed “separable” states). The book has also demonstrated how to discriminate entangled from separable states using entanglement witnesses, as well as how to quantify entanglement, and looked at quantum computation and quantum algorithms.Less
This book has discussed the foundations of quantum information science as well as the relationship between physics and information theory in general. It has considered the quantum equivalents of the Shannon coding and channel capacity theorems. The von Neumann entropy plays a role analogous to the Shannon entropy, and the Holevo bound is the analogue of Shannon's mutual information used to quantify the capacity of a classical channel. Quantum systems can process information more efficiently than classical systems in a number of different ways. Quantum teleportation and quantum dense coding can be performed using quantum entanglement. Entanglement is an excess of correlations that can exist in quantum physics and is impossible to reproduce classically (with what is termed “separable” states). The book has also demonstrated how to discriminate entangled from separable states using entanglement witnesses, as well as how to quantify entanglement, and looked at quantum computation and quantum algorithms.
Jiang Wu
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231171601
- eISBN:
- 9780231540193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231171601.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
Chapter 1 offers an overview of the canon in history and the basic knowledge about the Chinese canon to orient the reader.
Chapter 1 offers an overview of the canon in history and the basic knowledge about the Chinese canon to orient the reader.
Lokke Moerel
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199662913
- eISBN:
- 9780191746208
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199662913.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This chapter presents the overall conclusions, looking at issues relating to Binding Corporate Rules, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Data Protection Regulation. It provides recommendations and ...
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This chapter presents the overall conclusions, looking at issues relating to Binding Corporate Rules, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Data Protection Regulation. It provides recommendations and gives an evaluation of the research objectives and hypotheses.Less
This chapter presents the overall conclusions, looking at issues relating to Binding Corporate Rules, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Data Protection Regulation. It provides recommendations and gives an evaluation of the research objectives and hypotheses.
Raymond P. Scheindlin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195315424
- eISBN:
- 9780199872039
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195315424.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Nine poems describe Halevi’s ocean voyage and his mental state during its course. They display his ambivalence between missing his family and longing for his goal; his fear that the Holy Land will ...
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Nine poems describe Halevi’s ocean voyage and his mental state during its course. They display his ambivalence between missing his family and longing for his goal; his fear that the Holy Land will not be a sufficient compensation for his losses; and his resolve to put himself fully into God’s hands. Several poems describe storms at sea, the terror they instill, and the opportunity they afford to put one’s trust of God to the test. The final poem is a hymn of thanksgiving for a safe arrival, probably written not on conclusion of the voyage but in anticipation of its successful conclusion.Less
Nine poems describe Halevi’s ocean voyage and his mental state during its course. They display his ambivalence between missing his family and longing for his goal; his fear that the Holy Land will not be a sufficient compensation for his losses; and his resolve to put himself fully into God’s hands. Several poems describe storms at sea, the terror they instill, and the opportunity they afford to put one’s trust of God to the test. The final poem is a hymn of thanksgiving for a safe arrival, probably written not on conclusion of the voyage but in anticipation of its successful conclusion.
Ian J. Bateman, Ian H. Langford, and Jon Rasbash
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199248919
- eISBN:
- 9780191595950
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199248915.003.0015
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) or willingness‐to‐accept (WTA) question is the central focus of any contingent evaluation (CV) exercise, and is the point at which the valuation being sought is elicited. ...
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The willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) or willingness‐to‐accept (WTA) question is the central focus of any contingent evaluation (CV) exercise, and is the point at which the valuation being sought is elicited. However, a review of the literature reveals a variety of methods for asking such questions, and in this chapter results are presented from a study examining the impact of varying the elicitation method for WTP responses, and the results show that each is open to criticism. Five approaches are assessed: open‐ended, single‐bound dichotomous‐choice, double‐bound dichotomous‐choice, triple‐bound dichotomous‐choice, and iterative bidding. Particular attention is paid to the dichotomous‐choice approaches, which are dominant in recent literature.Less
The willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) or willingness‐to‐accept (WTA) question is the central focus of any contingent evaluation (CV) exercise, and is the point at which the valuation being sought is elicited. However, a review of the literature reveals a variety of methods for asking such questions, and in this chapter results are presented from a study examining the impact of varying the elicitation method for WTP responses, and the results show that each is open to criticism. Five approaches are assessed: open‐ended, single‐bound dichotomous‐choice, double‐bound dichotomous‐choice, triple‐bound dichotomous‐choice, and iterative bidding. Particular attention is paid to the dichotomous‐choice approaches, which are dominant in recent literature.
Pavel Gregoric
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199277377
- eISBN:
- 9780191707537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199277377.003.0012
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
This chapter looks at Aristotle's notion of simultaneous perception as a distinct perceptual function of the common sense, a function that has a parallel in contemporary psychology and neuroscience. ...
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This chapter looks at Aristotle's notion of simultaneous perception as a distinct perceptual function of the common sense, a function that has a parallel in contemporary psychology and neuroscience. In an aporetic discussion in De Sensu 7, Aristotle first works towards the conclusion that there can be no simultaneous perception of two distinct special perceptibles, especially if they are different in kind (heterogeneous), e.g. white and sweet. Having posed the problem, he solves it by introducing a higher-order perceptual power to which two special perceptibles can be present simultaneously and which can differentiate between them, and that power is the common sense. Although this solution is geared to the case of heterogeneous special perceptibles, Aristotle seems to think that it can be extended to the case of homogeneous special perceptibles, e.g. white and black, although in this passage he does not explain how. Less
This chapter looks at Aristotle's notion of simultaneous perception as a distinct perceptual function of the common sense, a function that has a parallel in contemporary psychology and neuroscience. In an aporetic discussion in De Sensu 7, Aristotle first works towards the conclusion that there can be no simultaneous perception of two distinct special perceptibles, especially if they are different in kind (heterogeneous), e.g. white and sweet. Having posed the problem, he solves it by introducing a higher-order perceptual power to which two special perceptibles can be present simultaneously and which can differentiate between them, and that power is the common sense. Although this solution is geared to the case of heterogeneous special perceptibles, Aristotle seems to think that it can be extended to the case of homogeneous special perceptibles, e.g. white and black, although in this passage he does not explain how.
