Heinrich Schenker
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195151510
- eISBN:
- 9780199871582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151510.003.0009
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
This chapter recommends tempo modifications, for instance a certain pushing ahead/holding back, to create the illusion of a strict tempo. Many examples elucidate this; that it must not happen in a ...
More
This chapter recommends tempo modifications, for instance a certain pushing ahead/holding back, to create the illusion of a strict tempo. Many examples elucidate this; that it must not happen in a haphazard, willful manner is clarified by examples in which strict regularity has to be maintained. Lingering on the first notes of a new rhythmic pattern, alla breve, and accents on weak beats are all discussed in detail. The distinction is clearly drawn between rhythm, meter, and tempo.Less
This chapter recommends tempo modifications, for instance a certain pushing ahead/holding back, to create the illusion of a strict tempo. Many examples elucidate this; that it must not happen in a haphazard, willful manner is clarified by examples in which strict regularity has to be maintained. Lingering on the first notes of a new rhythmic pattern, alla breve, and accents on weak beats are all discussed in detail. The distinction is clearly drawn between rhythm, meter, and tempo.
John J. Videler
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299928
- eISBN:
- 9780191714924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299928.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
Birds are pilot and aircraft in one. Experiments using kestrels kept as falconry birds and flown under controlled conditions indoors to investigate flight strategies are discussed. The effects of ...
More
Birds are pilot and aircraft in one. Experiments using kestrels kept as falconry birds and flown under controlled conditions indoors to investigate flight strategies are discussed. The effects of distance and body mass on the flight plan and kinematics from take-off, through cruising stage to landing, are shown. Separate paragraphs treat average wing beat kinematics during steady flight in 3-D and provide details occurring during single wing beats. The existence of general kinematic rules applicable to birds is disputed. Hovering and windhovering techniques are described in detail. Energy saving flight modes (intermittent and formation flight, hang-gliding, dynamic-, gust- and thermal-soaring, sweeping flight) are explained and discussed. The limited detailed knowledge of manoeuvring flight is summarized. The airspeeds of free flying birds are difficult to estimate, most species cruise between 6 and 16 m/s; speeds are not dominated by size.Less
Birds are pilot and aircraft in one. Experiments using kestrels kept as falconry birds and flown under controlled conditions indoors to investigate flight strategies are discussed. The effects of distance and body mass on the flight plan and kinematics from take-off, through cruising stage to landing, are shown. Separate paragraphs treat average wing beat kinematics during steady flight in 3-D and provide details occurring during single wing beats. The existence of general kinematic rules applicable to birds is disputed. Hovering and windhovering techniques are described in detail. Energy saving flight modes (intermittent and formation flight, hang-gliding, dynamic-, gust- and thermal-soaring, sweeping flight) are explained and discussed. The limited detailed knowledge of manoeuvring flight is summarized. The airspeeds of free flying birds are difficult to estimate, most species cruise between 6 and 16 m/s; speeds are not dominated by size.
John J. Videler
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299928
- eISBN:
- 9780191714924
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299928.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
Movements of the skeleton of a starling in flight visualized with high speed X-ray film techniques provide 3-D insight on internal wing beat dynamics. The timing of electrical activities (EMGs) of ...
More
Movements of the skeleton of a starling in flight visualized with high speed X-ray film techniques provide 3-D insight on internal wing beat dynamics. The timing of electrical activities (EMGs) of the larger flight muscles in flight is presented in relation to the different phases of the wing beat cycle. The pectoralis is responsible for the downstroke of the wing and for forward rotation (pronation) of the humerus. Forces are measured directly at the insertion on the deltopectoral crest, allowing mechanical power estimates in flight at different speeds. The supracoracoideus muscle is not only involved in powering the upstroke, but also plays an important role in the backward rotation (supination) of the wings. The timing of EMG activity in tail muscles during walking and flight reveals complex kinematic patterns. The relationship with force production remains unclear. Measurements of pressure changes in the anterior air sacs reveal a complex relationship with respiration.Less
Movements of the skeleton of a starling in flight visualized with high speed X-ray film techniques provide 3-D insight on internal wing beat dynamics. The timing of electrical activities (EMGs) of the larger flight muscles in flight is presented in relation to the different phases of the wing beat cycle. The pectoralis is responsible for the downstroke of the wing and for forward rotation (pronation) of the humerus. Forces are measured directly at the insertion on the deltopectoral crest, allowing mechanical power estimates in flight at different speeds. The supracoracoideus muscle is not only involved in powering the upstroke, but also plays an important role in the backward rotation (supination) of the wings. The timing of EMG activity in tail muscles during walking and flight reveals complex kinematic patterns. The relationship with force production remains unclear. Measurements of pressure changes in the anterior air sacs reveal a complex relationship with respiration.
Josephine Nock-Hee Park
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195332735
- eISBN:
- 9780199868148
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332735.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, American, 20th Century Literature
This chapter examines Gary Snyder's interest in the Far East as a mode of reclaiming a native sense of America. The fifties counterculture turned to the Orient in search of a subterranean America, ...
More
This chapter examines Gary Snyder's interest in the Far East as a mode of reclaiming a native sense of America. The fifties counterculture turned to the Orient in search of a subterranean America, and Snyder's advocacy of Zen presented a vision of the nation as a sacred environment. Snyder combined religious and environmental aims in a unified attempt to become an American bard, and this chapter considers the structure and durability of his cultural creation.Less
This chapter examines Gary Snyder's interest in the Far East as a mode of reclaiming a native sense of America. The fifties counterculture turned to the Orient in search of a subterranean America, and Snyder's advocacy of Zen presented a vision of the nation as a sacred environment. Snyder combined religious and environmental aims in a unified attempt to become an American bard, and this chapter considers the structure and durability of his cultural creation.
Justin London
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195160819
- eISBN:
- 9780199786763
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195160819.003.0003
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
The “speed limits” for meter are explored, as elucidated by previous research on rhythmic perception, production, and discrimination. This includes studies of subjective rhythmization, melody ...
More
The “speed limits” for meter are explored, as elucidated by previous research on rhythmic perception, production, and discrimination. This includes studies of subjective rhythmization, melody recognition, rhythmic production, and the psychological present. Metric Entrainment can only occur with periodicities in range from (approximately) 100ms to 5-6 seconds. Within this range, we may grasp a sense of beat (also known as pulse or tactus) in a sub-range of 200-250ms to about 1.5 seconds (240-40 beats/minute), and we prefer to hear beats in the range of 500-700ms (120-86 beats/minute). Thus, very rapid periodicities are almost automatically heard as subdivisions of a slower beat. As the tempo of a melody or rhythm changes, there may be changes in the perception of the perceived beat, as these limits give rise to floor and ceiling effects for rhythmic perception and cognition.Less
The “speed limits” for meter are explored, as elucidated by previous research on rhythmic perception, production, and discrimination. This includes studies of subjective rhythmization, melody recognition, rhythmic production, and the psychological present. Metric Entrainment can only occur with periodicities in range from (approximately) 100ms to 5-6 seconds. Within this range, we may grasp a sense of beat (also known as pulse or tactus) in a sub-range of 200-250ms to about 1.5 seconds (240-40 beats/minute), and we prefer to hear beats in the range of 500-700ms (120-86 beats/minute). Thus, very rapid periodicities are almost automatically heard as subdivisions of a slower beat. As the tempo of a melody or rhythm changes, there may be changes in the perception of the perceived beat, as these limits give rise to floor and ceiling effects for rhythmic perception and cognition.
Amanda Porterfield
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195131376
- eISBN:
- 9780199834570
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195131371.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Buddhism emerged as an important component of American culture in the late twentieth century. New laws lifting restrictions on Asian immigrants contributed to this development, as did changes in ...
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Buddhism emerged as an important component of American culture in the late twentieth century. New laws lifting restrictions on Asian immigrants contributed to this development, as did changes in American intellectual life that led more Americans than ever before to become predisposed toward Buddhist ideas about selfhood. Buddhist ideas had been present in America since the mid‐nineteenth century, but not until the writings of D.T. Suzuki and the Beat poets in the 1950s did these ideas catch hold as antidotes to the materialism and individualism of American culture. This chapter shows how Buddhist ideas of emptiness, nondualism, and no‐self contributed to the development of American psychology and popular culture, and also how American psychology and popular culture revised and redirected these Buddhist ideas.Less
Buddhism emerged as an important component of American culture in the late twentieth century. New laws lifting restrictions on Asian immigrants contributed to this development, as did changes in American intellectual life that led more Americans than ever before to become predisposed toward Buddhist ideas about selfhood. Buddhist ideas had been present in America since the mid‐nineteenth century, but not until the writings of D.T. Suzuki and the Beat poets in the 1950s did these ideas catch hold as antidotes to the materialism and individualism of American culture. This chapter shows how Buddhist ideas of emptiness, nondualism, and no‐self contributed to the development of American psychology and popular culture, and also how American psychology and popular culture revised and redirected these Buddhist ideas.
Williams Martin
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083491
- eISBN:
- 9780199853205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083491.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
Earl Hines was one of the few contemporary pianists who molded the history of jazz music. In a cold Friday evening in 1964, Earl Hines performed the first on a multiple series of concerts held at ...
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Earl Hines was one of the few contemporary pianists who molded the history of jazz music. In a cold Friday evening in 1964, Earl Hines performed the first on a multiple series of concerts held at Broadway's Little Theatre. The concert was a success and the start of arguably the greatest comeback in the history of jazz. He was featured on an influential profile by Whitney Balliett as a famous jazz performer. He was chosen to represent the United States on a visit to Soviet Republic. And he was enacted in Down Beat's Jazz “Hall of Fame”, joining other famous musicians such as Charlie Parker, Duke Ellington, Count Basic, Coleman Hawkins, and Louis Armstrong.Less
Earl Hines was one of the few contemporary pianists who molded the history of jazz music. In a cold Friday evening in 1964, Earl Hines performed the first on a multiple series of concerts held at Broadway's Little Theatre. The concert was a success and the start of arguably the greatest comeback in the history of jazz. He was featured on an influential profile by Whitney Balliett as a famous jazz performer. He was chosen to represent the United States on a visit to Soviet Republic. And he was enacted in Down Beat's Jazz “Hall of Fame”, joining other famous musicians such as Charlie Parker, Duke Ellington, Count Basic, Coleman Hawkins, and Louis Armstrong.
Williams Martin
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083491
- eISBN:
- 9780199853205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083491.003.0038
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
“The Unique Thelonius Monk” received excellent reviews. Nat Hentoff in “Down Beat” gave it “four and a half stars” because Monk remains “one of the insatiably, irrepressibly, and valuably individual ...
More
“The Unique Thelonius Monk” received excellent reviews. Nat Hentoff in “Down Beat” gave it “four and a half stars” because Monk remains “one of the insatiably, irrepressibly, and valuably individual jazzmen in our era.” He “has an intense sense of drama (not melodrama) that can create a reflectively dissonant, almost hypnotic mood . . . and a sharply knifed penchant for shaping and reshaping a few key phrases into a hail of plunging aural mobiles.” Whitney Balliett from “The Saturday Review” called it “an essential record”. He said: “Monk's style—loose, almost diffident dissonances, wry single-note lines, a laggard-like beat—is easily plumbed. Here he winds his way . . . keeping the melody always just below the surface and embellishing it more than reworking its chords. . . .”Less
“The Unique Thelonius Monk” received excellent reviews. Nat Hentoff in “Down Beat” gave it “four and a half stars” because Monk remains “one of the insatiably, irrepressibly, and valuably individual jazzmen in our era.” He “has an intense sense of drama (not melodrama) that can create a reflectively dissonant, almost hypnotic mood . . . and a sharply knifed penchant for shaping and reshaping a few key phrases into a hail of plunging aural mobiles.” Whitney Balliett from “The Saturday Review” called it “an essential record”. He said: “Monk's style—loose, almost diffident dissonances, wry single-note lines, a laggard-like beat—is easily plumbed. Here he winds his way . . . keeping the melody always just below the surface and embellishing it more than reworking its chords. . . .”
Williams Martin
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195083491
- eISBN:
- 9780199853205
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195083491.003.0054
- Subject:
- Music, Popular
The Beatles were't likely to be reviewed in “Down Beat” magazine, and after contemplating what a distinct decline this would be to the readers, the author decided to provide impressions of how the ...
More
The Beatles were't likely to be reviewed in “Down Beat” magazine, and after contemplating what a distinct decline this would be to the readers, the author decided to provide impressions of how the next Beatles LP—whatever it might contain and whenever it might appear—might be received elsewhere by other commentators. Many had noticed that, with the rising popularity of coffeehouse “folk” singers, certain of the more established jazz journalists had turned their notice to the trend. Whatever their reviews may have revealed about it, they seemed to reveal something about our jazz writers. This chapter talks about an imaginary review of some of Bob Dylan's previous LPs.Less
The Beatles were't likely to be reviewed in “Down Beat” magazine, and after contemplating what a distinct decline this would be to the readers, the author decided to provide impressions of how the next Beatles LP—whatever it might contain and whenever it might appear—might be received elsewhere by other commentators. Many had noticed that, with the rising popularity of coffeehouse “folk” singers, certain of the more established jazz journalists had turned their notice to the trend. Whatever their reviews may have revealed about it, they seemed to reveal something about our jazz writers. This chapter talks about an imaginary review of some of Bob Dylan's previous LPs.
Laurence Coupe
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719071126
- eISBN:
- 9781781702079
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719071126.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This book reveals the ideas behind the Beat vision that influenced the Beat sound of the songwriters who followed on from them. Having explored the thinking of Alan Watts, who coined the term ‘Beat ...
More
This book reveals the ideas behind the Beat vision that influenced the Beat sound of the songwriters who followed on from them. Having explored the thinking of Alan Watts, who coined the term ‘Beat Zen’, and who influenced the counterculture that emerged out of the Beat movement, it celebrates Jack Kerouac as a writer in pursuit of a ‘beatific’ vision. On this basis, the book goes on to explain the relevance of Kerouac and his friends Allen Ginsberg and Gary Snyder to songwriters who emerged in the 1960s. Not only are detailed readings of the lyrics of the Beatles and of Dylan given, but the range and depth of the Beat legacy within popular song is indicated by way of an overview of some important innovators: Jim Morrison, Joni Mitchell, Leonard Cohen, Donovan, the Incredible String Band, Van Morrison and Nick Drake.Less
This book reveals the ideas behind the Beat vision that influenced the Beat sound of the songwriters who followed on from them. Having explored the thinking of Alan Watts, who coined the term ‘Beat Zen’, and who influenced the counterculture that emerged out of the Beat movement, it celebrates Jack Kerouac as a writer in pursuit of a ‘beatific’ vision. On this basis, the book goes on to explain the relevance of Kerouac and his friends Allen Ginsberg and Gary Snyder to songwriters who emerged in the 1960s. Not only are detailed readings of the lyrics of the Beatles and of Dylan given, but the range and depth of the Beat legacy within popular song is indicated by way of an overview of some important innovators: Jim Morrison, Joni Mitchell, Leonard Cohen, Donovan, the Incredible String Band, Van Morrison and Nick Drake.
Coleman Julie
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199567256
- eISBN:
- 9780191595073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567256.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics, Lexicography
Slang only becomes associated with young people in general during the period covered by this volume. The production of dictionaries of youth slang was fuelled by fears of juvenile delinquency and by ...
More
Slang only becomes associated with young people in general during the period covered by this volume. The production of dictionaries of youth slang was fuelled by fears of juvenile delinquency and by the influence of ‘black’ music on white teenagers. However, many glossaries of youth slang from this period were produced as tools in marketing and advertising campaigns.Less
Slang only becomes associated with young people in general during the period covered by this volume. The production of dictionaries of youth slang was fuelled by fears of juvenile delinquency and by the influence of ‘black’ music on white teenagers. However, many glossaries of youth slang from this period were produced as tools in marketing and advertising campaigns.
Derek Attridge
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199681242
- eISBN:
- 9780191761553
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199681242.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry, Criticism/Theory
The contemporary reader of English poetry is able to take pleasure in the sounds and movements of the English language in works written over the past eight centuries, and to find poems that convey ...
More
The contemporary reader of English poetry is able to take pleasure in the sounds and movements of the English language in works written over the past eight centuries, and to find poems that convey powerful emotions and vivid images from this entire period. This book investigates the ways in which poets have exploited the resources of the language as a spoken medium—its characteristic rhythms, its phonetic qualities, its deployment of syntax—to write verse that continues to move and delight. The chapters in the first of the two parts examine a number of issues relating to poetic form: the resurgence of interest in formal questions in recent years, the role of syntactic phrasing in the operation of poetry, the function of rhyme, and the relation between sound and sense. The second part is concerned with rhythm and metre, explaining and demonstrating ‘beat prosody’ as a tool of poetic antaalysis, and discussing three major traditions in English versification: the free four-beat form used in much popular verse, the controlled power of the iambic pentameter, and the twentieth-century invention of free verse. All these topics are discussed by means of particular case studies, from the metrical form of a thirteenth-century lyric to uses of sound in recent poetry. Among the many poets whose work is considered are Spenser, Milton, Dryden, Keats, Tennyson, Hardy, Yeats, Frost, Ashbery, Hill, Plath, Paterson, and Prynne. Drawing on Derek Attridge’s thirty-five years of engagement with the forms of poetry, this volume provides extensive evidence of the importance of close attention to the moving and sounding of language in the poems we enjoy.Less
The contemporary reader of English poetry is able to take pleasure in the sounds and movements of the English language in works written over the past eight centuries, and to find poems that convey powerful emotions and vivid images from this entire period. This book investigates the ways in which poets have exploited the resources of the language as a spoken medium—its characteristic rhythms, its phonetic qualities, its deployment of syntax—to write verse that continues to move and delight. The chapters in the first of the two parts examine a number of issues relating to poetic form: the resurgence of interest in formal questions in recent years, the role of syntactic phrasing in the operation of poetry, the function of rhyme, and the relation between sound and sense. The second part is concerned with rhythm and metre, explaining and demonstrating ‘beat prosody’ as a tool of poetic antaalysis, and discussing three major traditions in English versification: the free four-beat form used in much popular verse, the controlled power of the iambic pentameter, and the twentieth-century invention of free verse. All these topics are discussed by means of particular case studies, from the metrical form of a thirteenth-century lyric to uses of sound in recent poetry. Among the many poets whose work is considered are Spenser, Milton, Dryden, Keats, Tennyson, Hardy, Yeats, Frost, Ashbery, Hill, Plath, Paterson, and Prynne. Drawing on Derek Attridge’s thirty-five years of engagement with the forms of poetry, this volume provides extensive evidence of the importance of close attention to the moving and sounding of language in the poems we enjoy.
Jane Naomi Iwamura
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199738601
- eISBN:
- 9780199894604
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199738601.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
1950s mass media representations of D.T. Suzuki and the American “Zen Boom” are the focus of this chapter. The specific way that Suzuki is portrayed—as engaging, yet ineffable Oriental—and the medium ...
More
1950s mass media representations of D.T. Suzuki and the American “Zen Boom” are the focus of this chapter. The specific way that Suzuki is portrayed—as engaging, yet ineffable Oriental—and the medium in which these depictions first appear—the fashion magazine—mark Eastern spirituality as a “stylized religion” and consumable object. The various “characters” that emerge in the unfolding of Zen Buddhism mid-century are explored: Alan Watts and Jack Kerouac as Suzuki’s most famous pupils and spiritual heirs; Arthur Koestler as Zen’s skeptical critic and; Mihoko Okamura, Suzuki’s long-time assistant, who figures the problematic representation of Asian Americans in the scheme of American conceptions of Asian religions. These real-life personalities and the debates and drama that ensue over Zen’s legitimacy and significance prefigure and establish a Virtual Orientalist narrative that is still popular today.Less
1950s mass media representations of D.T. Suzuki and the American “Zen Boom” are the focus of this chapter. The specific way that Suzuki is portrayed—as engaging, yet ineffable Oriental—and the medium in which these depictions first appear—the fashion magazine—mark Eastern spirituality as a “stylized religion” and consumable object. The various “characters” that emerge in the unfolding of Zen Buddhism mid-century are explored: Alan Watts and Jack Kerouac as Suzuki’s most famous pupils and spiritual heirs; Arthur Koestler as Zen’s skeptical critic and; Mihoko Okamura, Suzuki’s long-time assistant, who figures the problematic representation of Asian Americans in the scheme of American conceptions of Asian religions. These real-life personalities and the debates and drama that ensue over Zen’s legitimacy and significance prefigure and establish a Virtual Orientalist narrative that is still popular today.
Justin London
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199744374
- eISBN:
- 9780199949632
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744374.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, Psychology of Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
The “speed limits” for meter are explored, as elucidated by previous research on rhythmic perception, production, and discrimination. This includes studies of subjective rhythmization, melody ...
More
The “speed limits” for meter are explored, as elucidated by previous research on rhythmic perception, production, and discrimination. This includes studies of subjective rhythmization, melody recognition, rhythmic production, and the psychological present. Metric Entrainment can only occur with periodicities in range from (approximately) 100ms to 5-6 seconds. Within this range, we may grasp a sense of beat (also known as pulse or tactus) in a sub-range of 200-250ms to about 1.5 seconds (240-40 beats/minute), and we prefer to hear beats in the range of 500-700ms (120-86 beats/minute). Thus, very rapid periodicities are almost automatically heard as subdivisions of a slower beat. As the tempo of a melody or rhythm changes, there may be changes in the perception of the perceived beat, as these limits give rise to floor and ceiling effects for rhythmic perception and cognition.Less
The “speed limits” for meter are explored, as elucidated by previous research on rhythmic perception, production, and discrimination. This includes studies of subjective rhythmization, melody recognition, rhythmic production, and the psychological present. Metric Entrainment can only occur with periodicities in range from (approximately) 100ms to 5-6 seconds. Within this range, we may grasp a sense of beat (also known as pulse or tactus) in a sub-range of 200-250ms to about 1.5 seconds (240-40 beats/minute), and we prefer to hear beats in the range of 500-700ms (120-86 beats/minute). Thus, very rapid periodicities are almost automatically heard as subdivisions of a slower beat. As the tempo of a melody or rhythm changes, there may be changes in the perception of the perceived beat, as these limits give rise to floor and ceiling effects for rhythmic perception and cognition.
Laurence Coupe
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719071126
- eISBN:
- 9781781702079
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719071126.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter reviews the lessons on the ‘Beat’ – or ‘beatific’ – vision that was discussed in the previous chapters. It examines the relationship between the fifties writers and the sixties ...
More
This chapter reviews the lessons on the ‘Beat’ – or ‘beatific’ – vision that was discussed in the previous chapters. It examines the relationship between the fifties writers and the sixties songwriters, emphasising the power of popular song to make complex religious philosophies accessible and to make the spiritual dimension of existence seem immediate. The chapter also discusses the tensions that existed within the Beatles and Bob Dylan.Less
This chapter reviews the lessons on the ‘Beat’ – or ‘beatific’ – vision that was discussed in the previous chapters. It examines the relationship between the fifties writers and the sixties songwriters, emphasising the power of popular song to make complex religious philosophies accessible and to make the spiritual dimension of existence seem immediate. The chapter also discusses the tensions that existed within the Beatles and Bob Dylan.
Wesley G. Skogan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195154580
- eISBN:
- 9780199944033
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154580.003.0022
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
A central feature of community policing is the breadth and variety of avenues it provides for citizen participation. The public may be expected to be proactive—to act independently on behalf of the ...
More
A central feature of community policing is the breadth and variety of avenues it provides for citizen participation. The public may be expected to be proactive—to act independently on behalf of the community by getting involved in problem-solving projects. These self-help initiatives can range from Saturday-morning alley cleanups to marches confronting drug dealers or street prostitutes. This chapter focuses on citizen involvement in Chicago's community-policing program, CAPS (Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy), which envisioned an extensive role for the public in its operations. The city's model called for neighborhood residents to help identify problems and formulate solutions to them. They were also called upon to play an active role in solving these problems. In Chicago's plan, beat meetings are the most important mechanism for building and sustaining close relationships between police and the public. Television played little role in encouraging Chicagoans to attend the meetings.Less
A central feature of community policing is the breadth and variety of avenues it provides for citizen participation. The public may be expected to be proactive—to act independently on behalf of the community by getting involved in problem-solving projects. These self-help initiatives can range from Saturday-morning alley cleanups to marches confronting drug dealers or street prostitutes. This chapter focuses on citizen involvement in Chicago's community-policing program, CAPS (Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy), which envisioned an extensive role for the public in its operations. The city's model called for neighborhood residents to help identify problems and formulate solutions to them. They were also called upon to play an active role in solving these problems. In Chicago's plan, beat meetings are the most important mechanism for building and sustaining close relationships between police and the public. Television played little role in encouraging Chicagoans to attend the meetings.
Wesley G. Skogan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195154580
- eISBN:
- 9780199944033
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154580.003.0030
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
In Chicago's community-policing model, beat meetings are the vehicle for grassroots consultation and collaboration between police and the community. At the meetings, the two sides are to come ...
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In Chicago's community-policing model, beat meetings are the vehicle for grassroots consultation and collaboration between police and the community. At the meetings, the two sides are to come together to identify local priorities, discuss how both police and residents can best address them, and review their progress in doing so. This chapter explores two questions: Who is “the community” that is being represented? How well are they represented? The possibility that CAPS (Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy) participants would be unrepresentative of the community was encouraged by the way in which Chicago resolved the potentially complicated question of “Who is the community?” The chapter examines the relationship between the demographic representation of beats and the background of those who attend the meetings, including homeowners and Latinos. There was a limited correspondence between residents' views of crime and those of beat-meeting participants.Less
In Chicago's community-policing model, beat meetings are the vehicle for grassroots consultation and collaboration between police and the community. At the meetings, the two sides are to come together to identify local priorities, discuss how both police and residents can best address them, and review their progress in doing so. This chapter explores two questions: Who is “the community” that is being represented? How well are they represented? The possibility that CAPS (Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy) participants would be unrepresentative of the community was encouraged by the way in which Chicago resolved the potentially complicated question of “Who is the community?” The chapter examines the relationship between the demographic representation of beats and the background of those who attend the meetings, including homeowners and Latinos. There was a limited correspondence between residents' views of crime and those of beat-meeting participants.
Thomas G. Paterson
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195101201
- eISBN:
- 9780199854189
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195101201.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Today they stand as enemies, but in the 1950s, few countries were as closely intertwined as Cuba and the United States. Thousands of Americans (including Ernest Hemingway and Errol Flynn) lived on ...
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Today they stand as enemies, but in the 1950s, few countries were as closely intertwined as Cuba and the United States. Thousands of Americans (including Ernest Hemingway and Errol Flynn) lived on the island, and, in the United States, dancehalls swayed to the mambo beat. The strong-arm Batista regime depended on Washington's support, and it invited American gangsters like Meyer Lansky to build fancy casinos for U.S. tourists. Major league scouts searched for Cuban talent: The New York Giants even offered a contract to a young pitcher named Fidel Castro. In 1955, Castro did come to the United States, but not for baseball: He toured the country to raise money for a revolution. This book tells the story of the love-hate relationship that has grown between Cuba and the USA, from Castro's early fund-raising tours in the USA to support his revolution to Eisenhower's failed efforts to maintain support for Batista.Less
Today they stand as enemies, but in the 1950s, few countries were as closely intertwined as Cuba and the United States. Thousands of Americans (including Ernest Hemingway and Errol Flynn) lived on the island, and, in the United States, dancehalls swayed to the mambo beat. The strong-arm Batista regime depended on Washington's support, and it invited American gangsters like Meyer Lansky to build fancy casinos for U.S. tourists. Major league scouts searched for Cuban talent: The New York Giants even offered a contract to a young pitcher named Fidel Castro. In 1955, Castro did come to the United States, but not for baseball: He toured the country to raise money for a revolution. This book tells the story of the love-hate relationship that has grown between Cuba and the USA, from Castro's early fund-raising tours in the USA to support his revolution to Eisenhower's failed efforts to maintain support for Batista.
Lucy Bending
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198187172
- eISBN:
- 9780191674648
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198187172.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This final chapter revisits the subject of the first: the relationship of inflicted pain to punishment. It deals more fully with the question of class ...
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This final chapter revisits the subject of the first: the relationship of inflicted pain to punishment. It deals more fully with the question of class and the ability to sustain a beating with honour, but this in itself raises the question of whether such beatings should be endured at all.Less
This final chapter revisits the subject of the first: the relationship of inflicted pain to punishment. It deals more fully with the question of class and the ability to sustain a beating with honour, but this in itself raises the question of whether such beatings should be endured at all.
David Stephen Calonne
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781496831859
- eISBN:
- 9781496831903
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496831859.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
Robert Crumb: Literature, Autobiography, and the Quest for Self is the first monograph to explore the intersection between Crumb’s love of literature, his search for the meaning of life and the ways ...
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Robert Crumb: Literature, Autobiography, and the Quest for Self is the first monograph to explore the intersection between Crumb’s love of literature, his search for the meaning of life and the ways he connects his own autobiography with the themes of the writers he has admired. Crumb’s comics from the beginning reflected the fact that he was a voracious reader from childhood and perused a variety of authors including Charles Dickens, J.D. Salinger, and, during his adolescence, Beat writers like Jack Kerouac. He was profoundly influenced by music, especially the blues, and the ecstatic power of music appears in his artwork throughout his career. The first chapter explores the ways Robert Crumb illustrates works by William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, and Charles Bukowski. The book continues with individual chapters devoted to Crumb’s illustrations of biographies of blues musicians Jelly Roll Morton and Charley Patton; Philip K. Dick; Jean-Paul Sartre; Franz Kafka; and concludes with an exploration of Crumb’s illustrations to the book of Genesis. In all his drawings accompanying literary texts, Crumb returns to a number of key themes regarding his personal spiritual quest such as suffering and existential solitude; the search for romantic and sexual love; the impact of entheogens such as LSD on his quest for answers to his cosmic questions. We discover that Crumb gradually embraces a mysticism rooted in his studies of Gnosticism. In the final chapter on the book of Genesis, readers may observe the ways Crumb continues his critique of monotheistic religion in a variety of subtle ways. Robert Crumb: Literature, Autobiography, and the Quest for Self concludes with an Epilogue which discusses Crumb’s present-day life in France and the ways he has continued to engage with spiritual and philosophical themes in his later work.Less
Robert Crumb: Literature, Autobiography, and the Quest for Self is the first monograph to explore the intersection between Crumb’s love of literature, his search for the meaning of life and the ways he connects his own autobiography with the themes of the writers he has admired. Crumb’s comics from the beginning reflected the fact that he was a voracious reader from childhood and perused a variety of authors including Charles Dickens, J.D. Salinger, and, during his adolescence, Beat writers like Jack Kerouac. He was profoundly influenced by music, especially the blues, and the ecstatic power of music appears in his artwork throughout his career. The first chapter explores the ways Robert Crumb illustrates works by William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, and Charles Bukowski. The book continues with individual chapters devoted to Crumb’s illustrations of biographies of blues musicians Jelly Roll Morton and Charley Patton; Philip K. Dick; Jean-Paul Sartre; Franz Kafka; and concludes with an exploration of Crumb’s illustrations to the book of Genesis. In all his drawings accompanying literary texts, Crumb returns to a number of key themes regarding his personal spiritual quest such as suffering and existential solitude; the search for romantic and sexual love; the impact of entheogens such as LSD on his quest for answers to his cosmic questions. We discover that Crumb gradually embraces a mysticism rooted in his studies of Gnosticism. In the final chapter on the book of Genesis, readers may observe the ways Crumb continues his critique of monotheistic religion in a variety of subtle ways. Robert Crumb: Literature, Autobiography, and the Quest for Self concludes with an Epilogue which discusses Crumb’s present-day life in France and the ways he has continued to engage with spiritual and philosophical themes in his later work.
