Jairam Ramesh
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199457526
- eISBN:
- 9780199085255
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199457526.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
In the concluding chapter the author summarizes the powerful message of this book—that environment matters and it matters here and now for us. He states the reasons as to why sustainable development ...
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In the concluding chapter the author summarizes the powerful message of this book—that environment matters and it matters here and now for us. He states the reasons as to why sustainable development is not a luxury but an overriding necessity for India. The four main reasons are India’s rising population, India’s vulnerabilities to climate change, environment becoming a public health concern and environmentalism in India is ‘livelihood environmentalism’ not middle-class ‘lifestyle environmentalism’. The aim is to create a balance in which concerns of ecological security and other needs, such as economic growth, are met in a manner that neither is put at a great disadvantage. He advocates making laws pragmatic. Adhering to rules, regulations, and laws is imperative and cannot be taken for granted.Less
In the concluding chapter the author summarizes the powerful message of this book—that environment matters and it matters here and now for us. He states the reasons as to why sustainable development is not a luxury but an overriding necessity for India. The four main reasons are India’s rising population, India’s vulnerabilities to climate change, environment becoming a public health concern and environmentalism in India is ‘livelihood environmentalism’ not middle-class ‘lifestyle environmentalism’. The aim is to create a balance in which concerns of ecological security and other needs, such as economic growth, are met in a manner that neither is put at a great disadvantage. He advocates making laws pragmatic. Adhering to rules, regulations, and laws is imperative and cannot be taken for granted.
Markus Lampe and Paul Sharp
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226549507
- eISBN:
- 9780226549644
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226549644.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
Denmark today is one of the richest, most equal, and happiest societies in the world. This book explores the roots of Danish development beyond its remarkable export success in the nineteenth ...
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Denmark today is one of the richest, most equal, and happiest societies in the world. This book explores the roots of Danish development beyond its remarkable export success in the nineteenth century, when Danish butter and bacon rapidly gained a strong foothold on international markets, based largely on a large number of peasant-owned cooperatives. These became cornerstones of Danish national identity, and remain at the core of Denmark’s reputation for having experienced a socially and economically balanced path to modern economic growth. This book re-examines the roots of this success, emphasizing that it was only possible thanks to more than a century of agricultural innovation by elites. From the late eighteenth century, large landowners – often immigrants – took advantage of agrarian reforms to import and adapt new practices in crop rotation and animal husbandry from outside the kingdom, initially by hiring specialist administrators and skilled dairywomen from abroad. Then, as international markets integrated after the Napoleonic Wars, this existing cluster intensified efforts to take advantage of increased market access, developing a variety of important innovations, including new techniques for production, breeding, marketing, and information-gathering. The reputation, technologies and institutions established by the elites were then able to spread to much wider segments of the rural population when the steam-driven cream separator, a centrifuge, allowed for the centralized production of high quality butter from dispersed small producers. Peasants then organized in cooperatives, extending export-oriented dairying, and laying the foundations of balanced economic development at the national level.Less
Denmark today is one of the richest, most equal, and happiest societies in the world. This book explores the roots of Danish development beyond its remarkable export success in the nineteenth century, when Danish butter and bacon rapidly gained a strong foothold on international markets, based largely on a large number of peasant-owned cooperatives. These became cornerstones of Danish national identity, and remain at the core of Denmark’s reputation for having experienced a socially and economically balanced path to modern economic growth. This book re-examines the roots of this success, emphasizing that it was only possible thanks to more than a century of agricultural innovation by elites. From the late eighteenth century, large landowners – often immigrants – took advantage of agrarian reforms to import and adapt new practices in crop rotation and animal husbandry from outside the kingdom, initially by hiring specialist administrators and skilled dairywomen from abroad. Then, as international markets integrated after the Napoleonic Wars, this existing cluster intensified efforts to take advantage of increased market access, developing a variety of important innovations, including new techniques for production, breeding, marketing, and information-gathering. The reputation, technologies and institutions established by the elites were then able to spread to much wider segments of the rural population when the steam-driven cream separator, a centrifuge, allowed for the centralized production of high quality butter from dispersed small producers. Peasants then organized in cooperatives, extending export-oriented dairying, and laying the foundations of balanced economic development at the national level.
Markus Lampe and Paul Sharp
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226549507
- eISBN:
- 9780226549644
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226549644.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
We present the case of Denmark and provide our motivation for investigating the emergence of the Danish dairy industry, as well as a general motivation in the context of Danish and international ...
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We present the case of Denmark and provide our motivation for investigating the emergence of the Danish dairy industry, as well as a general motivation in the context of Danish and international history and for today. Our main question is how hundreds of cooperative butter factories could have spread so rapidly within just a few years in the 1880s. We explain that the answer can only be found by looking at the century or more prior to this. We explain how the owners of large landed estates were vital to this process, place their agricultural reforms and increasing specialization in animal production into the international context of the time, and relate this to other literature on the role of large landowners for development, which has not often been seen as positive. We also connect our narrative to work on the reasons for the emergence of cooperatives, and the role of agriculture for development. We demonstrate that butter turned out to be an economically advantageous product to specialize in, compared to some other commodities. Finally, we provide an overview of the structure of the book.Less
We present the case of Denmark and provide our motivation for investigating the emergence of the Danish dairy industry, as well as a general motivation in the context of Danish and international history and for today. Our main question is how hundreds of cooperative butter factories could have spread so rapidly within just a few years in the 1880s. We explain that the answer can only be found by looking at the century or more prior to this. We explain how the owners of large landed estates were vital to this process, place their agricultural reforms and increasing specialization in animal production into the international context of the time, and relate this to other literature on the role of large landowners for development, which has not often been seen as positive. We also connect our narrative to work on the reasons for the emergence of cooperatives, and the role of agriculture for development. We demonstrate that butter turned out to be an economically advantageous product to specialize in, compared to some other commodities. Finally, we provide an overview of the structure of the book.