Timothy Bowman and Mark Connelly
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199542789
- eISBN:
- 9780191741401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542789.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
Despite the entente cordiale and secret staff talks with the French, the role of the British army prior to the First World War remained unclear. For the regular army much of its recruiting, ...
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Despite the entente cordiale and secret staff talks with the French, the role of the British army prior to the First World War remained unclear. For the regular army much of its recruiting, dispositions, and training was decided by the need to find a large garrison for India. The auxiliary forces, while reformed and rather more efficient post 1908, were committed only to Home Defence and, in any case, remained under strength and poorly trained. The mobilization of the army in 1914 relied on a large number of reservists to bring even the original British Expeditionary Force up to strength. While the OTC could be seen as vindicating itself during the Great War prior to August 1914, it provided pitifully few officers to either the regular army or auxiliary forces.Less
Despite the entente cordiale and secret staff talks with the French, the role of the British army prior to the First World War remained unclear. For the regular army much of its recruiting, dispositions, and training was decided by the need to find a large garrison for India. The auxiliary forces, while reformed and rather more efficient post 1908, were committed only to Home Defence and, in any case, remained under strength and poorly trained. The mobilization of the army in 1914 relied on a large number of reservists to bring even the original British Expeditionary Force up to strength. While the OTC could be seen as vindicating itself during the Great War prior to August 1914, it provided pitifully few officers to either the regular army or auxiliary forces.
Paola Monachesi
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199274758
- eISBN:
- 9780191705908
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274758.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This book explores the interface between syntax and the other components of the grammar, particularly phonology, morphology, and argument structure. It contains case studies, on subjects such as ...
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This book explores the interface between syntax and the other components of the grammar, particularly phonology, morphology, and argument structure. It contains case studies, on subjects such as clitics and complex predicates (auxiliary and modal verbs) in Romance and grounding theoretical analysis in constant exemplification. It shows that a careful analysis of their properties can lead to a better understanding of the interaction of the various components of the grammar. The syntactic properties of clitics are considered in relation to their phonological and morphological characteristic. The properties of auxiliary verbs are analysed from the perspective of the interface between argument structure and syntactic structure. Modal verbs are examined at the interface between syntax and phonology. The analyses of clitics and auxiliaries shed new light on the link between Romanian and Balkan/Slavic.Less
This book explores the interface between syntax and the other components of the grammar, particularly phonology, morphology, and argument structure. It contains case studies, on subjects such as clitics and complex predicates (auxiliary and modal verbs) in Romance and grounding theoretical analysis in constant exemplification. It shows that a careful analysis of their properties can lead to a better understanding of the interaction of the various components of the grammar. The syntactic properties of clitics are considered in relation to their phonological and morphological characteristic. The properties of auxiliary verbs are analysed from the perspective of the interface between argument structure and syntactic structure. Modal verbs are examined at the interface between syntax and phonology. The analyses of clitics and auxiliaries shed new light on the link between Romanian and Balkan/Slavic.
Paola Monachesi
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199274758
- eISBN:
- 9780191705908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274758.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter discusses the interface between syntax and argument structure. It considers a case study of a particular kind of complex predicate, that is, Romance auxiliaries. It focuses on Romanian ...
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This chapter discusses the interface between syntax and argument structure. It considers a case study of a particular kind of complex predicate, that is, Romance auxiliaries. It focuses on Romanian auxiliaries, whose properties are compared with those of Italian, French, and Portuguese auxiliaries on one hand, and with those of Bulgarian and Macedonian auxiliaries on the other. The chapter proposes that an appropriate labor division between syntactic structure and argument structure can manage the idiosyncratic behavior of Romance tense auxiliaries, which has the status of simple clitics. It considers the role of argument structure in dealing with clitic climbing and argues whether syntax exists as an autonomous module of the grammar or whether it acts merely as an interface between form and meaning.Less
This chapter discusses the interface between syntax and argument structure. It considers a case study of a particular kind of complex predicate, that is, Romance auxiliaries. It focuses on Romanian auxiliaries, whose properties are compared with those of Italian, French, and Portuguese auxiliaries on one hand, and with those of Bulgarian and Macedonian auxiliaries on the other. The chapter proposes that an appropriate labor division between syntactic structure and argument structure can manage the idiosyncratic behavior of Romance tense auxiliaries, which has the status of simple clitics. It considers the role of argument structure in dealing with clitic climbing and argues whether syntax exists as an autonomous module of the grammar or whether it acts merely as an interface between form and meaning.
Alfred Michael Hirt
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199572878
- eISBN:
- 9780191721885
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572878.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
Roman army officers and soldiers are documented in varying functions at imperial mines and quarries. From inscribed stone monuments set up at quarries and from labels on quarried blocks it emerges ...
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Roman army officers and soldiers are documented in varying functions at imperial mines and quarries. From inscribed stone monuments set up at quarries and from labels on quarried blocks it emerges that centurions were transfered across the whole empire to take charge of particular quarrying operations. This chapter explores these particular practices and shines a light on the role the emperor plays in providing technical experts to extractive operations. Set aside these ‘specialists’ (who gained their experience during numerous provincial building ventures in which the Roman army assisted), the main job of soldiers in quarries was to provide security and, on occasion, auxiliary administrative services.Less
Roman army officers and soldiers are documented in varying functions at imperial mines and quarries. From inscribed stone monuments set up at quarries and from labels on quarried blocks it emerges that centurions were transfered across the whole empire to take charge of particular quarrying operations. This chapter explores these particular practices and shines a light on the role the emperor plays in providing technical experts to extractive operations. Set aside these ‘specialists’ (who gained their experience during numerous provincial building ventures in which the Roman army assisted), the main job of soldiers in quarries was to provide security and, on occasion, auxiliary administrative services.
Theodore Markopoulos
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199539857
- eISBN:
- 9780191716317
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539857.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Historical Linguistics
This book investigates the development of three future‐referring constructions in Greek, namely “μέλλω / œχω / θέλω + Infinitive / complement clause” in the classical (5th–4th c. BC), the ...
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This book investigates the development of three future‐referring constructions in Greek, namely “μέλλω / œχω / θέλω + Infinitive / complement clause” in the classical (5th–4th c. BC), the Hellenistic–Roman (3rd c. BC–4th c. AD), the Early Medieval (5th–10th c. AD), and the Late Medieval period (11th–15th c. AD). Despite their co‐occurrence in all these periods, it is shown for the first time that these constructions were increasingly differentiated in terms of their semantic, syntactic, and sociolinguistic properties. The analysis sheds new light on these developments, since large parts are based on hitherto unknown material, drawn especially from papyri and non‐literary documents. The investigation is based on the functional–typological perspective of grammaticalization, and it pays particular attention to a variety of—often neglected—factors, such as language contact. The typological predictions concerning future‐referring forms are found lacking in some respects, and various modifications are proposed accordingly.Less
This book investigates the development of three future‐referring constructions in Greek, namely “μέλλω / œχω / θέλω + Infinitive / complement clause” in the classical (5th–4th c. BC), the Hellenistic–Roman (3rd c. BC–4th c. AD), the Early Medieval (5th–10th c. AD), and the Late Medieval period (11th–15th c. AD). Despite their co‐occurrence in all these periods, it is shown for the first time that these constructions were increasingly differentiated in terms of their semantic, syntactic, and sociolinguistic properties. The analysis sheds new light on these developments, since large parts are based on hitherto unknown material, drawn especially from papyri and non‐literary documents. The investigation is based on the functional–typological perspective of grammaticalization, and it pays particular attention to a variety of—often neglected—factors, such as language contact. The typological predictions concerning future‐referring forms are found lacking in some respects, and various modifications are proposed accordingly.
Stephen Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279906
- eISBN:
- 9780191707131
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279906.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
This book is about the grammar of clitics. It considers all points of view, including their phonology and syntax and relation to morphology. In the process, it deals with the relation of second ...
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This book is about the grammar of clitics. It considers all points of view, including their phonology and syntax and relation to morphology. In the process, it deals with the relation of second position clitics to verb-second phenomena in Germanic and other languages, the grammar of contracted auxiliary verbs in English, noun incorporation constructions, and several other much discussed topics in grammar. The book includes analyses of a number of particular languages, and some of these — such as Kwakw'ala (nullKwakiutlnull) and Surmiran Rumantsch — are based on the author's own field research. The study of clitics has broad implications for a general understanding of sentence structure in natural language.Less
This book is about the grammar of clitics. It considers all points of view, including their phonology and syntax and relation to morphology. In the process, it deals with the relation of second position clitics to verb-second phenomena in Germanic and other languages, the grammar of contracted auxiliary verbs in English, noun incorporation constructions, and several other much discussed topics in grammar. The book includes analyses of a number of particular languages, and some of these — such as Kwakw'ala (nullKwakiutlnull) and Surmiran Rumantsch — are based on the author's own field research. The study of clitics has broad implications for a general understanding of sentence structure in natural language.
Theodore Markopoulos
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199539857
- eISBN:
- 9780191716317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539857.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Historical Linguistics
The investigation of the future‐referring constructions follows the functional–typological framework of grammaticalization. This first chapter discusses some basic principles of the framework, and ...
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The investigation of the future‐referring constructions follows the functional–typological framework of grammaticalization. This first chapter discusses some basic principles of the framework, and highlights the reasons why it is chosen over the generative grammar paradigm. It also introduces the notion of Auxiliary Verb Construction (AVC), which will be employed in the analysis of the future‐referring constructions (FCs), instead of the misty notion of “periphrasis”. Finally, it illustrates the reason why such a study was clearly missing from the literature on the history of the Greek language.Less
The investigation of the future‐referring constructions follows the functional–typological framework of grammaticalization. This first chapter discusses some basic principles of the framework, and highlights the reasons why it is chosen over the generative grammar paradigm. It also introduces the notion of Auxiliary Verb Construction (AVC), which will be employed in the analysis of the future‐referring constructions (FCs), instead of the misty notion of “periphrasis”. Finally, it illustrates the reason why such a study was clearly missing from the literature on the history of the Greek language.
A. M. Devine and Laurence D. Stephens
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195181685
- eISBN:
- 9780199789146
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181685.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter starts with an analysis of factors responsible for verbs in nonfinal positions, including polarity focus, theticity, discourse cohesion operators, and raising to topic. The second half ...
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This chapter starts with an analysis of factors responsible for verbs in nonfinal positions, including polarity focus, theticity, discourse cohesion operators, and raising to topic. The second half of the chapter covers the copula, the auxiliary, and the existential.Less
This chapter starts with an analysis of factors responsible for verbs in nonfinal positions, including polarity focus, theticity, discourse cohesion operators, and raising to topic. The second half of the chapter covers the copula, the auxiliary, and the existential.
Stephen R. Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199279906
- eISBN:
- 9780191707131
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279906.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
To say that one sense of the term ‘clitic’ is to be identified with the phonology of the relevant elements does not, of course, actually provide in itself a theory of that dimension. In fact, the ...
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To say that one sense of the term ‘clitic’ is to be identified with the phonology of the relevant elements does not, of course, actually provide in itself a theory of that dimension. In fact, the phonology of cliticization is closely bound up with the nature and status of the much broader theory of prosodic structure in language, and we can only understand phonological clitics by placing their behaviour within this larger context. This chapter outlines a view of prosodic categories and their relations within the framework of Optimality Theory, and uses it to arrive at a characterization of the phonology of clitics, especially (but not exclusively) in English. It is argued that the properties of English reduced auxiliaries do indeed fall within a phonological account, and thus that there is no obstacle to calling them ‘simple’ clitics in the technical sense, despite the complexities of their behaviour.Less
To say that one sense of the term ‘clitic’ is to be identified with the phonology of the relevant elements does not, of course, actually provide in itself a theory of that dimension. In fact, the phonology of cliticization is closely bound up with the nature and status of the much broader theory of prosodic structure in language, and we can only understand phonological clitics by placing their behaviour within this larger context. This chapter outlines a view of prosodic categories and their relations within the framework of Optimality Theory, and uses it to arrive at a characterization of the phonology of clitics, especially (but not exclusively) in English. It is argued that the properties of English reduced auxiliaries do indeed fall within a phonological account, and thus that there is no obstacle to calling them ‘simple’ clitics in the technical sense, despite the complexities of their behaviour.
Patrick Dattalo
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195378351
- eISBN:
- 9780199864645
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378351.003.0003
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter describes the following alternatives and complements to RS in terms of their assumptions, implementations, strengths, and weaknesses: (1) randomization tests; (2) multiple imputation; ...
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This chapter describes the following alternatives and complements to RS in terms of their assumptions, implementations, strengths, and weaknesses: (1) randomization tests; (2) multiple imputation; and (3) mean-score logistic regression. Randomization tests are statistical alternatives to RS. Multiple imputation is a statistical supplement RS. Mean-score logistic regression is a statistical alternative or supplement to RS.Less
This chapter describes the following alternatives and complements to RS in terms of their assumptions, implementations, strengths, and weaknesses: (1) randomization tests; (2) multiple imputation; and (3) mean-score logistic regression. Randomization tests are statistical alternatives to RS. Multiple imputation is a statistical supplement RS. Mean-score logistic regression is a statistical alternative or supplement to RS.
Ronald K. S. Macaulay
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195173819
- eISBN:
- 9780199788361
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173819.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter examines the use of modal auxiliaries. There are few social class differences, but some age and gender differences. Females are responsible for the majority of epistemic uses of modals. ...
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This chapter examines the use of modal auxiliaries. There are few social class differences, but some age and gender differences. Females are responsible for the majority of epistemic uses of modals. The adolescents use modal auxiliaries more frequently than the adults. Variation in the use of modals seems to depend more on topic rather than on any social factors.Less
This chapter examines the use of modal auxiliaries. There are few social class differences, but some age and gender differences. Females are responsible for the majority of epistemic uses of modals. The adolescents use modal auxiliaries more frequently than the adults. Variation in the use of modals seems to depend more on topic rather than on any social factors.
Matthew Flinders
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199271597
- eISBN:
- 9780191709234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271597.003.0012
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
Although other countries generally require special majorities, popular referendums or other safeguards to ensure that the constitution remains protected from day‐to‐day partisan manipulation, the ...
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Although other countries generally require special majorities, popular referendums or other safeguards to ensure that the constitution remains protected from day‐to‐day partisan manipulation, the constitution of the United Kingdom is notable due to the absence of these auxiliary precautions. New Labour did little to dilute their capacity in terms of constitutional amendment.Less
Although other countries generally require special majorities, popular referendums or other safeguards to ensure that the constitution remains protected from day‐to‐day partisan manipulation, the constitution of the United Kingdom is notable due to the absence of these auxiliary precautions. New Labour did little to dilute their capacity in terms of constitutional amendment.
Alexander V. Prusin
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199297535
- eISBN:
- 9780191594328
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199297535.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History, Political History
The chapter focuses on the attitudes of the local population during the Holocaust in the borderlands. Although the German invasion provided the over‐all institutional and psychological framework for ...
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The chapter focuses on the attitudes of the local population during the Holocaust in the borderlands. Although the German invasion provided the over‐all institutional and psychological framework for the genocide, it was the actions of the local collaborators that contributed to its totality. Local volunteers constituted a fraction of the populations in which they lived, but their involvement cut across social status, educational level, creed, and age and entailed a variety of motives, from ideological motivation to greed and sadism.Less
The chapter focuses on the attitudes of the local population during the Holocaust in the borderlands. Although the German invasion provided the over‐all institutional and psychological framework for the genocide, it was the actions of the local collaborators that contributed to its totality. Local volunteers constituted a fraction of the populations in which they lived, but their involvement cut across social status, educational level, creed, and age and entailed a variety of motives, from ideological motivation to greed and sadism.
D. Gary Miller
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199583430
- eISBN:
- 9780191595288
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199583430.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics
Do underwent four main structural reanalyses. The first (merger in v) took do from a causative verb to a factual/evidential auxiliary. There was also a semantically empty variant ...
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Do underwent four main structural reanalyses. The first (merger in v) took do from a causative verb to a factual/evidential auxiliary. There was also a semantically empty variant that became more frequent as V‐to‐T movement was gradually lost over the period from c15 to ca.1730. The second reanalysis was to an interrogative marker [ca.1600]. Initially, do occurred only in questions with evidential semantics, but in yes‐no questions had multiple motivations. The third reanalysis was to Cinque's highest Mood/Modal categories (epistemic, evidential, evaluative, and speech act). The fourth reanalysis was restriction to verum focus and Force/Illocution (Mood speech act). All of these changes illustrate reanalysis to higher functional positions, in this case to the highest universal functional categories proposed by Rizzi and Cinque.Less
Do underwent four main structural reanalyses. The first (merger in v) took do from a causative verb to a factual/evidential auxiliary. There was also a semantically empty variant that became more frequent as V‐to‐T movement was gradually lost over the period from c15 to ca.1730. The second reanalysis was to an interrogative marker [ca.1600]. Initially, do occurred only in questions with evidential semantics, but in yes‐no questions had multiple motivations. The third reanalysis was to Cinque's highest Mood/Modal categories (epistemic, evidential, evaluative, and speech act). The fourth reanalysis was restriction to verum focus and Force/Illocution (Mood speech act). All of these changes illustrate reanalysis to higher functional positions, in this case to the highest universal functional categories proposed by Rizzi and Cinque.
Matthew S. Seligmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199574032
- eISBN:
- 9780191741432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574032.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
It is generally assumed that, because Admiral Tirpitz oversaw the building of a fleet of battleships rather than cruisers, the German navy was so permeated by the dogma of decisive battle that, in ...
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It is generally assumed that, because Admiral Tirpitz oversaw the building of a fleet of battleships rather than cruisers, the German navy was so permeated by the dogma of decisive battle that, in its pre-war planning, it paid little thought to prospects of waging commerce warfare (guerre de course) against Britain. In fact, the German Admiralty Staff was very much alive to Britain's vulnerability to the interdiction of its trade. Having few overseas cruisers to use to attack British commerce, the Admiralty Staff looked for an alternative. It decided that civilian merchant vessels, if armed on the high seas and converted into auxiliary cruisers, would be most suitable. As is shown in this chapter, beginning in 1902 and developing progressively thereafter, the Admiralty Staff formulated ever more detailed plans for carrying out such an assault, using ever greater numbers of fast steamers.Less
It is generally assumed that, because Admiral Tirpitz oversaw the building of a fleet of battleships rather than cruisers, the German navy was so permeated by the dogma of decisive battle that, in its pre-war planning, it paid little thought to prospects of waging commerce warfare (guerre de course) against Britain. In fact, the German Admiralty Staff was very much alive to Britain's vulnerability to the interdiction of its trade. Having few overseas cruisers to use to attack British commerce, the Admiralty Staff looked for an alternative. It decided that civilian merchant vessels, if armed on the high seas and converted into auxiliary cruisers, would be most suitable. As is shown in this chapter, beginning in 1902 and developing progressively thereafter, the Admiralty Staff formulated ever more detailed plans for carrying out such an assault, using ever greater numbers of fast steamers.
Matthew S. Seligmann
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199574032
- eISBN:
- 9780191741432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574032.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
This chapter focuses on the Second International Peace Conference at The Hague in 1907 and the London Maritime Conference of 1909. While both of these conferences were intended ostensibly to ...
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This chapter focuses on the Second International Peace Conference at The Hague in 1907 and the London Maritime Conference of 1909. While both of these conferences were intended ostensibly to ameliorate the brutality of modern conflict by codifying the laws of war, serendipitously they also provided the British government with an exceptional opportunity to neutralize the threat from German liners. If the delegates from the assembled countries could be persuaded to limit the right of converting merchantmen into men-of-war, Germany's ability to use this weapon would be circumscribed. Consequently, at the instigation of Admiral Slade, the Admiralty mounted a sustained campaign at both conferences for major restrictions on the laws governing the conversion of merchantmen into warships on the high seas. Unsurprisingly, these proposals encountered fierce resistance from the German delegates and ultimately failed. Nevertheless, this was not for want of trying.Less
This chapter focuses on the Second International Peace Conference at The Hague in 1907 and the London Maritime Conference of 1909. While both of these conferences were intended ostensibly to ameliorate the brutality of modern conflict by codifying the laws of war, serendipitously they also provided the British government with an exceptional opportunity to neutralize the threat from German liners. If the delegates from the assembled countries could be persuaded to limit the right of converting merchantmen into men-of-war, Germany's ability to use this weapon would be circumscribed. Consequently, at the instigation of Admiral Slade, the Admiralty mounted a sustained campaign at both conferences for major restrictions on the laws governing the conversion of merchantmen into warships on the high seas. Unsurprisingly, these proposals encountered fierce resistance from the German delegates and ultimately failed. Nevertheless, this was not for want of trying.
Sophie Repp
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199543601
- eISBN:
- 9780191715587
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199543601.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Theoretical Linguistics
Chapter 3 investigates the narrow‐scope readings and the various environments they occur in (coordinations with contrastive but auxiliary gapping, gapping with a focus particle in the second ...
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Chapter 3 investigates the narrow‐scope readings and the various environments they occur in (coordinations with contrastive but auxiliary gapping, gapping with a focus particle in the second conjunct). It proposes that gapping is subject to the principle of balanced contrast, which is why narrow‐scope readings arise.Less
Chapter 3 investigates the narrow‐scope readings and the various environments they occur in (coordinations with contrastive but auxiliary gapping, gapping with a focus particle in the second conjunct). It proposes that gapping is subject to the principle of balanced contrast, which is why narrow‐scope readings arise.
Timothy Bowman and Mark Connelly
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199542789
- eISBN:
- 9780191741401
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542789.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
This chapter explores the British army's most pressing task throughout the period 1902–14, garrisoning the British Empire. In particular, it focuses upon the role of the West African Frontier Force ...
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This chapter explores the British army's most pressing task throughout the period 1902–14, garrisoning the British Empire. In particular, it focuses upon the role of the West African Frontier Force and King's African Rifles, exploring their development and the impact it had on officers’ career development. It shows how the harsh conditions of West Africa in particular often deeply affected the mental and physical health of officers. It also looks at conditions in imperial garrisons, particularly India, and their impact on training and preparation for war. The chapter also explores the influence of imperial service on concepts of identity and status.Less
This chapter explores the British army's most pressing task throughout the period 1902–14, garrisoning the British Empire. In particular, it focuses upon the role of the West African Frontier Force and King's African Rifles, exploring their development and the impact it had on officers’ career development. It shows how the harsh conditions of West Africa in particular often deeply affected the mental and physical health of officers. It also looks at conditions in imperial garrisons, particularly India, and their impact on training and preparation for war. The chapter also explores the influence of imperial service on concepts of identity and status.
Jaume Mateu
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199560547
- eISBN:
- 9780191721267
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560547.003.0011
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Historical Linguistics
Gradience has often been identified as an important factor of linguistic change. A lexical‐syntactic explanation of Sorace's (2000, 2004) gradients in auxiliary selection with intransitive verbs is ...
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Gradience has often been identified as an important factor of linguistic change. A lexical‐syntactic explanation of Sorace's (2000, 2004) gradients in auxiliary selection with intransitive verbs is provided. Of particular interest here are the gradience factors involved in the replacement of BE by HAVE in Old Catalan and Old Spanish.Less
Gradience has often been identified as an important factor of linguistic change. A lexical‐syntactic explanation of Sorace's (2000, 2004) gradients in auxiliary selection with intransitive verbs is provided. Of particular interest here are the gradience factors involved in the replacement of BE by HAVE in Old Catalan and Old Spanish.
Roberto S. Mariano and Bryan W. Brown
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195057720
- eISBN:
- 9780199854967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195057720.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
Stochastic simulations of nonlinear dynamic econometric models have been used in various ways in the past. This chapter discusses how stochastic simulations can be exploited to develop appropriate ...
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Stochastic simulations of nonlinear dynamic econometric models have been used in various ways in the past. This chapter discusses how stochastic simulations can be exploited to develop appropriate system-specification tests for nonlinear systems. The approach is through auxiliary regressions of stochastic simulation errors to develop asymptotically valid significance tests of the predictive performance of the model. The first section discusses Adrian Pagan's critique of the use of simulations in testing nonlinear models for misspecification. The related issue of the informational content of multi-period-ahead predictions is also analyzed in this section. The stochastic simulations that it uses to form the prediction-based tests and their basic asymptotic properties are reviewed in the second section. The last section then develops the auxiliary regressions leading to our prediction-based tests.Less
Stochastic simulations of nonlinear dynamic econometric models have been used in various ways in the past. This chapter discusses how stochastic simulations can be exploited to develop appropriate system-specification tests for nonlinear systems. The approach is through auxiliary regressions of stochastic simulation errors to develop asymptotically valid significance tests of the predictive performance of the model. The first section discusses Adrian Pagan's critique of the use of simulations in testing nonlinear models for misspecification. The related issue of the informational content of multi-period-ahead predictions is also analyzed in this section. The stochastic simulations that it uses to form the prediction-based tests and their basic asymptotic properties are reviewed in the second section. The last section then develops the auxiliary regressions leading to our prediction-based tests.
