Thomas A. Heberlein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199773329
- eISBN:
- 9780199979639
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199773329.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Psychology and Interaction
The environment, and how humans affect it, is more of a concern now than ever. We are constantly told that halting climate change requires raising awareness, changing attitudes, and finally altering ...
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The environment, and how humans affect it, is more of a concern now than ever. We are constantly told that halting climate change requires raising awareness, changing attitudes, and finally altering behaviors among the general public—and doing it fast. New information, attitudes, and actions, it is conventionally assumed, will necessarily follow one from the other. However, this approach ignores much of what is known about attitudes in general and environmental attitudes in particular—a huge gap lies between what we say and what we do. Solving environmental problems requires a scientific understanding of public attitudes. Like rocks in a swollen river, attitudes often lie beneath the surface—hard to see, and even harder to move or change. This book helps us read the water and negotiate its hidden obstacles, explaining what attitudes are, how they change and influence behavior. Rather than trying to change attitudes, we need to design solutions and policies with attitudes in mind. Heberlein illustrates these points by tracing the attitudes of the well-known environmentalist Aldo Leopold, while tying social psychology to real-world behaviors throughout the book. Bringing together theory and practice, this book provides a realistic understanding of why and how attitudes matter when it comes to environmental problems; and how, by balancing natural with social science, we can step back from false assumptions and unproductive, frustrating programs to work toward fostering successful, effective environmental action.Less
The environment, and how humans affect it, is more of a concern now than ever. We are constantly told that halting climate change requires raising awareness, changing attitudes, and finally altering behaviors among the general public—and doing it fast. New information, attitudes, and actions, it is conventionally assumed, will necessarily follow one from the other. However, this approach ignores much of what is known about attitudes in general and environmental attitudes in particular—a huge gap lies between what we say and what we do. Solving environmental problems requires a scientific understanding of public attitudes. Like rocks in a swollen river, attitudes often lie beneath the surface—hard to see, and even harder to move or change. This book helps us read the water and negotiate its hidden obstacles, explaining what attitudes are, how they change and influence behavior. Rather than trying to change attitudes, we need to design solutions and policies with attitudes in mind. Heberlein illustrates these points by tracing the attitudes of the well-known environmentalist Aldo Leopold, while tying social psychology to real-world behaviors throughout the book. Bringing together theory and practice, this book provides a realistic understanding of why and how attitudes matter when it comes to environmental problems; and how, by balancing natural with social science, we can step back from false assumptions and unproductive, frustrating programs to work toward fostering successful, effective environmental action.
Robert E. Goodin and Simon J. Niemeyer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199547944
- eISBN:
- 9780191720116
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547944.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Theory
Political deliberation involves both internal reflection and public discussion. The former might be far more important than implied by deliberative democrats' heavy emphasis the discursive component. ...
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Political deliberation involves both internal reflection and public discussion. The former might be far more important than implied by deliberative democrats' heavy emphasis the discursive component. Analysis of the deliberations of a citizen's jury on an Australian environmental issue shows jurors' attitudes changing more in response to the ‘informational’ phase of the jury proceedings involving a large degree of ‘deliberation within’ than during the formal ‘discussion’ phase. Various ways can be imagined for evoking internal reflection of that sort, even in mass political settings.Less
Political deliberation involves both internal reflection and public discussion. The former might be far more important than implied by deliberative democrats' heavy emphasis the discursive component. Analysis of the deliberations of a citizen's jury on an Australian environmental issue shows jurors' attitudes changing more in response to the ‘informational’ phase of the jury proceedings involving a large degree of ‘deliberation within’ than during the formal ‘discussion’ phase. Various ways can be imagined for evoking internal reflection of that sort, even in mass political settings.
Thomas A. Heberlein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199773329
- eISBN:
- 9780199979639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199773329.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Psychology and Interaction
This chapter examines how attitudes change. The first assumption of the cognitive fix is that attitudes must change in order to change behavior. Leopold’s attitude changed from wolf-hater to ...
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This chapter examines how attitudes change. The first assumption of the cognitive fix is that attitudes must change in order to change behavior. Leopold’s attitude changed from wolf-hater to wolf-lover. Bennington students’ attitudes became more liberal and these changes persisted for five decades. Public attitudes toward wolves and the environment have become more positive as older generations are replaced by new. But these changes all took time. Less well-developed attitudes can sometimes change quickly when linked to stronger, more central attitudes. This is where the media can play a role through framing. That attitudes can and do change does not necessarily mean we can change them whenever we choose.Less
This chapter examines how attitudes change. The first assumption of the cognitive fix is that attitudes must change in order to change behavior. Leopold’s attitude changed from wolf-hater to wolf-lover. Bennington students’ attitudes became more liberal and these changes persisted for five decades. Public attitudes toward wolves and the environment have become more positive as older generations are replaced by new. But these changes all took time. Less well-developed attitudes can sometimes change quickly when linked to stronger, more central attitudes. This is where the media can play a role through framing. That attitudes can and do change does not necessarily mean we can change them whenever we choose.
William J. McGuire
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195385540
- eISBN:
- 9780199869824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385540.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Three stages in the life of an artifact are (a) ignorance of its existence, (b) coping with the artifact, and (c) exploiting it for what it can tell us about human behavior. This chapter focuses on ...
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Three stages in the life of an artifact are (a) ignorance of its existence, (b) coping with the artifact, and (c) exploiting it for what it can tell us about human behavior. This chapter focuses on the subject's suspicions of the experimenter's intent, with special emphasis on strategies for recognizing, coping with, and exploiting this source of artifact.Less
Three stages in the life of an artifact are (a) ignorance of its existence, (b) coping with the artifact, and (c) exploiting it for what it can tell us about human behavior. This chapter focuses on the subject's suspicions of the experimenter's intent, with special emphasis on strategies for recognizing, coping with, and exploiting this source of artifact.
Thomas A. Heberlein
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199773329
- eISBN:
- 9780199979639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199773329.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Psychology and Interaction
This chapter presents the idea of three fixes for environmental problems and shows how attitudes are fundamental to each. Attitudes are most important for the cognitive fix that requires information ...
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This chapter presents the idea of three fixes for environmental problems and shows how attitudes are fundamental to each. Attitudes are most important for the cognitive fix that requires information to both change attitudes and make these new attitudes lead to pro-environmental behaviors. Technological fixes that change the environment directly and structural fixes that change the situation influencing human behavior must also be consistent with attitudes in order to be implemented. The scientific study of attitudes is hampered by their invisibility. To better understand them it is useful to think of attitudes like rocks in a river that we cannot see, but, rather, we must infer from the patterns in the water that runs over them. Aldo Leopold, the wildlife ecologist and environmentalist, is introduced as a case study to understand environmental attitudes, how they change, and what they have to do with behavior.Less
This chapter presents the idea of three fixes for environmental problems and shows how attitudes are fundamental to each. Attitudes are most important for the cognitive fix that requires information to both change attitudes and make these new attitudes lead to pro-environmental behaviors. Technological fixes that change the environment directly and structural fixes that change the situation influencing human behavior must also be consistent with attitudes in order to be implemented. The scientific study of attitudes is hampered by their invisibility. To better understand them it is useful to think of attitudes like rocks in a river that we cannot see, but, rather, we must infer from the patterns in the water that runs over them. Aldo Leopold, the wildlife ecologist and environmentalist, is introduced as a case study to understand environmental attitudes, how they change, and what they have to do with behavior.
Robert E. Lana
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195385540
- eISBN:
- 9780199869824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385540.003.0004
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter discusses research designs in which subjects are measured on the dependent variable before and after the treatment has been implemented, and the concern is that pretest measurement may ...
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This chapter discusses research designs in which subjects are measured on the dependent variable before and after the treatment has been implemented, and the concern is that pretest measurement may have sensitized the subjects so that they respond differently to the treatment than had they not been pretested.Less
This chapter discusses research designs in which subjects are measured on the dependent variable before and after the treatment has been implemented, and the concern is that pretest measurement may have sensitized the subjects so that they respond differently to the treatment than had they not been pretested.
Stephen Conway
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199254552
- eISBN:
- 9780191698231
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199254552.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter asks whether the experience of the American conflict altered British attitudes to war and to empire. In many senses the answer must be no, continuity is often the dominant impression. ...
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This chapter asks whether the experience of the American conflict altered British attitudes to war and to empire. In many senses the answer must be no, continuity is often the dominant impression. But in certain respects attitudes did change. The American war saw the first sustained and large-scale public criticism of the use of military force as an instrument of policy. While the criticism was directed, for the most part, at the justice and wisdom of fighting fellow subjects, rather than a genuine expression of hostility to war as such, it prepared the ground for the more clearly anti-war campaigns in the struggle against revolutionary and Napoleonic France. Attitudes to empire also underwent change. Opposition to the possession of overseas territories, while gaining converts in intellectual circles, remained very much a minority view, but the loss of America accentuated a process of change in the nature of the empire, and with this change came an important shift in public perceptions.Less
This chapter asks whether the experience of the American conflict altered British attitudes to war and to empire. In many senses the answer must be no, continuity is often the dominant impression. But in certain respects attitudes did change. The American war saw the first sustained and large-scale public criticism of the use of military force as an instrument of policy. While the criticism was directed, for the most part, at the justice and wisdom of fighting fellow subjects, rather than a genuine expression of hostility to war as such, it prepared the ground for the more clearly anti-war campaigns in the struggle against revolutionary and Napoleonic France. Attitudes to empire also underwent change. Opposition to the possession of overseas territories, while gaining converts in intellectual circles, remained very much a minority view, but the loss of America accentuated a process of change in the nature of the empire, and with this change came an important shift in public perceptions.
Patrick Fournier, Henk van der Kolk, R. Kenneth Carty, André Blais, and Jonathan Rose
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199567843
- eISBN:
- 9780191728655
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567843.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
During a long deliberative process, opinion stability is unlikely. This chapter documents the path taken by assembly members' views on electoral systems. It ascertains when preferences emerged, ...
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During a long deliberative process, opinion stability is unlikely. This chapter documents the path taken by assembly members' views on electoral systems. It ascertains when preferences emerged, whether they moved afterwards, how volatile they were, and whether the movement was steered by comprehensible factors. The chapter shows that the opinions of ordinary citizens directly involved in an extensive exercise of public decision-making do not evolve chaotically over time. Assembly members' views and preferences about electoral systems developed gradually as they were acquiring information about the various options. These attitudes then remained quite stable over the subsequent months. Very little aggregate or individual volatility characterized the consultation and deliberation phases.Less
During a long deliberative process, opinion stability is unlikely. This chapter documents the path taken by assembly members' views on electoral systems. It ascertains when preferences emerged, whether they moved afterwards, how volatile they were, and whether the movement was steered by comprehensible factors. The chapter shows that the opinions of ordinary citizens directly involved in an extensive exercise of public decision-making do not evolve chaotically over time. Assembly members' views and preferences about electoral systems developed gradually as they were acquiring information about the various options. These attitudes then remained quite stable over the subsequent months. Very little aggregate or individual volatility characterized the consultation and deliberation phases.
Peter Hart-Brinson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479800513
- eISBN:
- 9781479823949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479800513.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter analyzes the exceptional cases-the people who appear to contradict the predictions of generational theory with respect to their discourses and attitudes about gay marriage. Young ...
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This chapter analyzes the exceptional cases-the people who appear to contradict the predictions of generational theory with respect to their discourses and attitudes about gay marriage. Young conservatives who oppose gay marriage and old liberals who have always supported gay rights are parts of resistant subcultures that insulated them from generational change. Similarly, older liberals who changed their attitudes about gay marriage illuminate the process by which generational change can cause period effects. It is argued that these exceptions are compatible with generational theory because of the difference between the cohort and the generation.Less
This chapter analyzes the exceptional cases-the people who appear to contradict the predictions of generational theory with respect to their discourses and attitudes about gay marriage. Young conservatives who oppose gay marriage and old liberals who have always supported gay rights are parts of resistant subcultures that insulated them from generational change. Similarly, older liberals who changed their attitudes about gay marriage illuminate the process by which generational change can cause period effects. It is argued that these exceptions are compatible with generational theory because of the difference between the cohort and the generation.
Geoffrey Tweedale
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198288664
- eISBN:
- 9780191684623
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198288664.003.0100
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
In spite of how the share of world steel that Sheffield accounted for experienced a decline during the 1970s, the local economy proved to persist as the unemployment level of the city remained at a ...
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In spite of how the share of world steel that Sheffield accounted for experienced a decline during the 1970s, the local economy proved to persist as the unemployment level of the city remained at a level lower than the national average. However, in 1979, the manufacturing base of the Steel City began to shrink as about 20,000 jobs were lost. This significant change brought on a change in outlook not only for the industry, but also for the government. In this chapter, attention is drawn to how businessmen and various companies were able to respond to such sharp declines and changes. The chapter examines castings, special steels, cutlery and tools, forgings, and the other sectors of the industry while looking into the different strategies and changes of attitude experienced during the 1980s and the 1990s.Less
In spite of how the share of world steel that Sheffield accounted for experienced a decline during the 1970s, the local economy proved to persist as the unemployment level of the city remained at a level lower than the national average. However, in 1979, the manufacturing base of the Steel City began to shrink as about 20,000 jobs were lost. This significant change brought on a change in outlook not only for the industry, but also for the government. In this chapter, attention is drawn to how businessmen and various companies were able to respond to such sharp declines and changes. The chapter examines castings, special steels, cutlery and tools, forgings, and the other sectors of the industry while looking into the different strategies and changes of attitude experienced during the 1980s and the 1990s.
Donald P. Green and Janelle S. Wong
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335453
- eISBN:
- 9780199893904
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335453.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The contact hypothesis predicts that racial prejudice diminishes when whites and non-whites interact in a setting that fosters cooperation among people of equal status. This hypothesis has seldom, if ...
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The contact hypothesis predicts that racial prejudice diminishes when whites and non-whites interact in a setting that fosters cooperation among people of equal status. This hypothesis has seldom, if ever, been tested using randomized experimentation outside the laboratory. This chapter reports the results of a randomized field experiment in which white students were randomly assigned to Outward Bound two- and three-week wilderness courses. In the control group, all the students in each course were non-Hispanic whites. In the treatment group, most of the students were non-Hispanic whites, but at least three of the participants were African-Americans. One month after completing the course, the white participants were interviewed by telephone. As expected, the group that experienced a racially heterogeneous environment expressed greater levels of tolerance than the control group. Although these findings require replication, the research design provides a template for future field-experiments examining the validity of the contact hypothesis.Less
The contact hypothesis predicts that racial prejudice diminishes when whites and non-whites interact in a setting that fosters cooperation among people of equal status. This hypothesis has seldom, if ever, been tested using randomized experimentation outside the laboratory. This chapter reports the results of a randomized field experiment in which white students were randomly assigned to Outward Bound two- and three-week wilderness courses. In the control group, all the students in each course were non-Hispanic whites. In the treatment group, most of the students were non-Hispanic whites, but at least three of the participants were African-Americans. One month after completing the course, the white participants were interviewed by telephone. As expected, the group that experienced a racially heterogeneous environment expressed greater levels of tolerance than the control group. Although these findings require replication, the research design provides a template for future field-experiments examining the validity of the contact hypothesis.
Paolo Dardanelli
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719070808
- eISBN:
- 9781781701393
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719070808.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This book is an in-depth comparative study of Scottish devolution and an analysis of the impact of the European dimension. With a focus on the periods leading up to the referendums in 1979 and 1997, ...
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This book is an in-depth comparative study of Scottish devolution and an analysis of the impact of the European dimension. With a focus on the periods leading up to the referendums in 1979 and 1997, it investigates positions and strategies of political parties and interest groups, and how these influenced constitutional preferences at mass level and, ultimately, the referendum results themselves. Based on analysis of an extensive body of quantitative and qualitative sources, the book builds an argument which challenges the widespread thesis that support for devolution was a consequence of Conservative rule between 1979 and 1997. It shows that the decisive factors were changing attitudes to independence and the role of the European dimension in shaping them.Less
This book is an in-depth comparative study of Scottish devolution and an analysis of the impact of the European dimension. With a focus on the periods leading up to the referendums in 1979 and 1997, it investigates positions and strategies of political parties and interest groups, and how these influenced constitutional preferences at mass level and, ultimately, the referendum results themselves. Based on analysis of an extensive body of quantitative and qualitative sources, the book builds an argument which challenges the widespread thesis that support for devolution was a consequence of Conservative rule between 1979 and 1997. It shows that the decisive factors were changing attitudes to independence and the role of the European dimension in shaping them.
Jeremiah J. Garretson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781479822133
- eISBN:
- 9781479824236
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479822133.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter begins by describing the dramatic increase in direct contact of the American public with LGBTQ people documented using polling data. Trends in depictions of LGBTQ people on television ...
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This chapter begins by describing the dramatic increase in direct contact of the American public with LGBTQ people documented using polling data. Trends in depictions of LGBTQ people on television and film are outlined, which mirror the expansion of direct contact with LGBTQs. These two factors---direct contact and meditated contact---are processed in similar ways psychologically according to affective liberalization. Both are predicted to be more effective at attitude change among younger people. The theory is then empirically tested using four different expansive cross-time public opinion datasets. All four analyses of the data-sets come to same conclusion, contact with LGBTQs (mediated and interpersonal) explains all the distinctive features of attitude change---its large magnitude, its timing, its broadness across specific gay rights issues, and its concentration among the millennial generation.Less
This chapter begins by describing the dramatic increase in direct contact of the American public with LGBTQ people documented using polling data. Trends in depictions of LGBTQ people on television and film are outlined, which mirror the expansion of direct contact with LGBTQs. These two factors---direct contact and meditated contact---are processed in similar ways psychologically according to affective liberalization. Both are predicted to be more effective at attitude change among younger people. The theory is then empirically tested using four different expansive cross-time public opinion datasets. All four analyses of the data-sets come to same conclusion, contact with LGBTQs (mediated and interpersonal) explains all the distinctive features of attitude change---its large magnitude, its timing, its broadness across specific gay rights issues, and its concentration among the millennial generation.
Brian F. Harrison
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190939557
- eISBN:
- 9780190939588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190939557.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics, Democratization
Chapter 1 details the psychology and science behind disagreement and attitude entrenchment. It opens with a broad discussion of why divergent views are important for democratic ideals and governance. ...
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Chapter 1 details the psychology and science behind disagreement and attitude entrenchment. It opens with a broad discussion of why divergent views are important for democratic ideals and governance. It underscores the contemporary degree of American public intolerance of difference, one that lacks the motivation (and perhaps the skills) to talk about politics with those with whom it disagrees. Public opinion scholarship shows that on average, public preferences, even on some of the most contentious and hot-button issues, generally do not change quickly over time. There has been uncharacteristic change on attitudes toward LGBT people and rights in a short period of time, however; based on communication strategies and tactics focusing on shared identities, these changes give hope to what seems like immovable political groupthink. The chapter closes with the roadmap of the book so we can all use to start to talk politics with each other like grown-ups again.Less
Chapter 1 details the psychology and science behind disagreement and attitude entrenchment. It opens with a broad discussion of why divergent views are important for democratic ideals and governance. It underscores the contemporary degree of American public intolerance of difference, one that lacks the motivation (and perhaps the skills) to talk about politics with those with whom it disagrees. Public opinion scholarship shows that on average, public preferences, even on some of the most contentious and hot-button issues, generally do not change quickly over time. There has been uncharacteristic change on attitudes toward LGBT people and rights in a short period of time, however; based on communication strategies and tactics focusing on shared identities, these changes give hope to what seems like immovable political groupthink. The chapter closes with the roadmap of the book so we can all use to start to talk politics with each other like grown-ups again.
Zhou Xuelin
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622098497
- eISBN:
- 9789882207707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622098497.003.0005
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter examines the development of rock ‘n’ roll music in China and its links with the emergent youth culture. It focuses on how young rebels use their own rock music as a means of reflecting ...
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This chapter examines the development of rock ‘n’ roll music in China and its links with the emergent youth culture. It focuses on how young rebels use their own rock music as a means of reflecting their changing attitudes, behaviour, and “mood of living.” It examines Tian Zuangzhuang 's Rock Kids, Zhang Yuan 's Beijing Bastards, and Jiang Wen 's In the Heat of the Sun.Less
This chapter examines the development of rock ‘n’ roll music in China and its links with the emergent youth culture. It focuses on how young rebels use their own rock music as a means of reflecting their changing attitudes, behaviour, and “mood of living.” It examines Tian Zuangzhuang 's Rock Kids, Zhang Yuan 's Beijing Bastards, and Jiang Wen 's In the Heat of the Sun.
Robert Colls
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199245192
- eISBN:
- 9780191697432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199245192.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter focuses on the changing attitudes to those who were deemed to live in the more important England, and the ethnological theories that established their ancient title to it. English ...
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This chapter focuses on the changing attitudes to those who were deemed to live in the more important England, and the ethnological theories that established their ancient title to it. English natives such as these were discovered in the poorer and more marginal places. In spite of the profound cultural conservatism, not to say condescension, the return of the native did have positive effects. Certain kinds of poor people came to be valued and even, in a way, honored.Less
This chapter focuses on the changing attitudes to those who were deemed to live in the more important England, and the ethnological theories that established their ancient title to it. English natives such as these were discovered in the poorer and more marginal places. In spite of the profound cultural conservatism, not to say condescension, the return of the native did have positive effects. Certain kinds of poor people came to be valued and even, in a way, honored.
Brian F. Harrison and Melissa R. Michelson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190654740
- eISBN:
- 9780190654788
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190654740.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Chapter 1 outlines a new theory of how seemingly unrelated in-group identity priming can effectively develop feelings of interpersonal closeness and open minds to attitudinal change: the Theory of ...
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Chapter 1 outlines a new theory of how seemingly unrelated in-group identity priming can effectively develop feelings of interpersonal closeness and open minds to attitudinal change: the Theory of Dissonant Identity Priming. It reviews relevant literature on social identity theory and identity formation as well as the effects identity can have on political attitudes and behavior, outlining theories of attitude change and the limits to which scholars expect attitude change to happen, with a particular focus on the power of priming. Finally, Chapter 1 also includes an overview of the experiments conducted to test TDIP, conducted between 2011 and 2014, with the cooperation of various organizations and citizen groups and in a variety of geographic contexts around the United States.Less
Chapter 1 outlines a new theory of how seemingly unrelated in-group identity priming can effectively develop feelings of interpersonal closeness and open minds to attitudinal change: the Theory of Dissonant Identity Priming. It reviews relevant literature on social identity theory and identity formation as well as the effects identity can have on political attitudes and behavior, outlining theories of attitude change and the limits to which scholars expect attitude change to happen, with a particular focus on the power of priming. Finally, Chapter 1 also includes an overview of the experiments conducted to test TDIP, conducted between 2011 and 2014, with the cooperation of various organizations and citizen groups and in a variety of geographic contexts around the United States.
Mark Shevy and Kineta Hung
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199608157
- eISBN:
- 9780191761225
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199608157.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter presents an overview of theories and research on the role of music in television advertising and other persuasive media. Using Petty and Cacioppo’s Elaboration Likelihood Model as a ...
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This chapter presents an overview of theories and research on the role of music in television advertising and other persuasive media. Using Petty and Cacioppo’s Elaboration Likelihood Model as a theoretical framework for attitudinal change, the chapter examines the multiple roles music may play in advertising, either as a background element or as an integrated element in an audiovisual medium. Music may increase or decrease motivation and ability to elaborate on a persuasive message, thereby guiding a person to use a central or peripheral route to processing the content of the advertisement. Music may also provide information (e.g., affect-as-information) in the persuasive message that is processed within either route. To delineate these effects, music as a means to attract attention, facilitate recall, and construct meanings is also examined. Findings of these strands of research are applied to audio branding, understanding musical fit, enhancing implicit learning, and the creation of virtual atmospheres on the Internet.Less
This chapter presents an overview of theories and research on the role of music in television advertising and other persuasive media. Using Petty and Cacioppo’s Elaboration Likelihood Model as a theoretical framework for attitudinal change, the chapter examines the multiple roles music may play in advertising, either as a background element or as an integrated element in an audiovisual medium. Music may increase or decrease motivation and ability to elaborate on a persuasive message, thereby guiding a person to use a central or peripheral route to processing the content of the advertisement. Music may also provide information (e.g., affect-as-information) in the persuasive message that is processed within either route. To delineate these effects, music as a means to attract attention, facilitate recall, and construct meanings is also examined. Findings of these strands of research are applied to audio branding, understanding musical fit, enhancing implicit learning, and the creation of virtual atmospheres on the Internet.
Michael Brownstein
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- April 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190633721
- eISBN:
- 9780190633752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190633721.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, General
While it is clear that implicit attitudes are malleable, there is much to learn about the most effective techniques for changing them. This chapter examines three general approaches that increasingly ...
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While it is clear that implicit attitudes are malleable, there is much to learn about the most effective techniques for changing them. This chapter examines three general approaches that increasingly appear to be well supported in both lab-based and field studies. The chapter considers the importance of rote practice, pre-commitment, and context regulation. Each represents a different element of adopting the “habit stance,” a way of cultivating more ethical implicit attitudes—and hence better spontaneous decisions and actions—by treating them as if they were habits. The chapter concludes by considering two kinds of objections. The first is empirical, focusing on the broadness and durability of implicit attitude change interventions. The second is not empirical. It is about the nature of praise, in particular whether the reshaping of one’s attitudes and behavior in the ways the chapter describes counts as a genuine form of ethical self-improvement.Less
While it is clear that implicit attitudes are malleable, there is much to learn about the most effective techniques for changing them. This chapter examines three general approaches that increasingly appear to be well supported in both lab-based and field studies. The chapter considers the importance of rote practice, pre-commitment, and context regulation. Each represents a different element of adopting the “habit stance,” a way of cultivating more ethical implicit attitudes—and hence better spontaneous decisions and actions—by treating them as if they were habits. The chapter concludes by considering two kinds of objections. The first is empirical, focusing on the broadness and durability of implicit attitude change interventions. The second is not empirical. It is about the nature of praise, in particular whether the reshaping of one’s attitudes and behavior in the ways the chapter describes counts as a genuine form of ethical self-improvement.
Carolyn L. Karcher
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469627953
- eISBN:
- 9781469627977
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469627953.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
During one of the darkest periods of US history, when white supremacy was entrenching itself throughout the nation, the white writer-jurist-activist Albion W. Tourgée (1838-1905) forged an ...
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During one of the darkest periods of US history, when white supremacy was entrenching itself throughout the nation, the white writer-jurist-activist Albion W. Tourgée (1838-1905) forged an extraordinary alliance with African Americans. Acclaimed by blacks as “one of the best friends of the Afro-American people this country has ever produced” and reviled by white Southerners as a race traitor, Tourgée offers an ideal lens through which to re-examine the often caricatured relations between progressive whites and African Americans. Here, Carolyn L. Karcher provides the first in-depth account of this collaboration. Drawing on Tourgée’s vast correspondence with African American intellectuals, activists, and ordinary folk; on African American newspapers; and on his newspaper column, “A Bystander’s Notes,” in which he quoted and replied to letters from his correspondents, the book also captures the lively dialogue about race that Tourgée and his contemporaries carried on.Less
During one of the darkest periods of US history, when white supremacy was entrenching itself throughout the nation, the white writer-jurist-activist Albion W. Tourgée (1838-1905) forged an extraordinary alliance with African Americans. Acclaimed by blacks as “one of the best friends of the Afro-American people this country has ever produced” and reviled by white Southerners as a race traitor, Tourgée offers an ideal lens through which to re-examine the often caricatured relations between progressive whites and African Americans. Here, Carolyn L. Karcher provides the first in-depth account of this collaboration. Drawing on Tourgée’s vast correspondence with African American intellectuals, activists, and ordinary folk; on African American newspapers; and on his newspaper column, “A Bystander’s Notes,” in which he quoted and replied to letters from his correspondents, the book also captures the lively dialogue about race that Tourgée and his contemporaries carried on.
