Joel Nathan Rosen and Maureen M. Smith (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781496809889
- eISBN:
- 9781496809926
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496809889.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sport and Leisure
This collection takes a critical look at athletic celebrity on the part of athletes who enjoy worldwide reputations without necessarily breaking into the more narrowly defined North American sporting ...
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This collection takes a critical look at athletic celebrity on the part of athletes who enjoy worldwide reputations without necessarily breaking into the more narrowly defined North American sporting terrain. This volume, which chronicles the reputational arcs of athletes in such diverse sports as surfing, motocross, Grand Prix Racing, distance running, and even sumo wrestling, as well as more widespread competitions including tennis, cricket, and world football, to name but a few, are presented as a means to underscore the notion that sport, regardless of type and place, helps foster individual reputations that creates celebrities unique to those games.Less
This collection takes a critical look at athletic celebrity on the part of athletes who enjoy worldwide reputations without necessarily breaking into the more narrowly defined North American sporting terrain. This volume, which chronicles the reputational arcs of athletes in such diverse sports as surfing, motocross, Grand Prix Racing, distance running, and even sumo wrestling, as well as more widespread competitions including tennis, cricket, and world football, to name but a few, are presented as a means to underscore the notion that sport, regardless of type and place, helps foster individual reputations that creates celebrities unique to those games.
Lindsay Parks Pieper
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040221
- eISBN:
- 9780252098444
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040221.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
In 1968, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) implemented sex testing for female athletes at that year's Games. When it became clear that testing regimes failed to delineate a sex divide, the ...
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In 1968, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) implemented sex testing for female athletes at that year's Games. When it became clear that testing regimes failed to delineate a sex divide, the IOC began to test for gender—a shift that allowed the organization to control the very idea of womanhood. This book explores sex testing in sport from the 1930s to the early 2000s. Focusing on assumptions and goals as well as means, the book examines how the IOC in particular insisted on a misguided binary notion of gender that privileged Western norms. Testing evolved into a tool to identify—and eliminate—athletes the IOC deemed too strong, too fast, or too successful. The book shows how this system punished gifted women while hindering the development of women's athletics for decades. It also reveals how the flawed notions behind testing—ideas often sexist, racist, or ridiculous—degraded the very idea of female athleticism.Less
In 1968, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) implemented sex testing for female athletes at that year's Games. When it became clear that testing regimes failed to delineate a sex divide, the IOC began to test for gender—a shift that allowed the organization to control the very idea of womanhood. This book explores sex testing in sport from the 1930s to the early 2000s. Focusing on assumptions and goals as well as means, the book examines how the IOC in particular insisted on a misguided binary notion of gender that privileged Western norms. Testing evolved into a tool to identify—and eliminate—athletes the IOC deemed too strong, too fast, or too successful. The book shows how this system punished gifted women while hindering the development of women's athletics for decades. It also reveals how the flawed notions behind testing—ideas often sexist, racist, or ridiculous—degraded the very idea of female athleticism.
John Montgomery and David Bodznick
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198758860
- eISBN:
- 9780191834752
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198758860.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development, Molecular and Cellular Systems
The cerebellum is an intriguing component of the brain. In humans, it occupies only 10% of the brain volume, yet has approximately 69 billion neurons, i.e. 80% of the nerve cells in the brain! A ...
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The cerebellum is an intriguing component of the brain. In humans, it occupies only 10% of the brain volume, yet has approximately 69 billion neurons, i.e. 80% of the nerve cells in the brain! A functional understanding of the cerebellum is enabled by the fact it is made up of a repeated array of neuronal networks, or motifs, each of which may function as an adaptive filter. In short, the cerebellum can be thought of a massive array of adaptive filters that can contribute across a wide range of brain tasks and functionality. Understanding the evolutionary origins of the cerebellum supports this overview of cerebellar function. The cerebellum first arose in jawed vertebrates such as sharks, and sharks have an additional cerebellum-like structure that clearly works as an adaptive filter. The function of shark cerebellum-like structures is to discriminate ‘self’ from ‘other’ in sensory inputs. With the evolution of the true cerebellum, the adaptive filter functionality was adopted for motor control and paved the way for athleticism and movement finesse that we see in swimming, running, climbing, and flying vertebrates. Distinguishing ‘self’ from ‘other’ in our interactions with the physical world extends to the identified role of the cerebellum in model systems, but also into some aspects of cognitive function. It is this view of the cerebellar function that defines the cerebellar sense of self.Less
The cerebellum is an intriguing component of the brain. In humans, it occupies only 10% of the brain volume, yet has approximately 69 billion neurons, i.e. 80% of the nerve cells in the brain! A functional understanding of the cerebellum is enabled by the fact it is made up of a repeated array of neuronal networks, or motifs, each of which may function as an adaptive filter. In short, the cerebellum can be thought of a massive array of adaptive filters that can contribute across a wide range of brain tasks and functionality. Understanding the evolutionary origins of the cerebellum supports this overview of cerebellar function. The cerebellum first arose in jawed vertebrates such as sharks, and sharks have an additional cerebellum-like structure that clearly works as an adaptive filter. The function of shark cerebellum-like structures is to discriminate ‘self’ from ‘other’ in sensory inputs. With the evolution of the true cerebellum, the adaptive filter functionality was adopted for motor control and paved the way for athleticism and movement finesse that we see in swimming, running, climbing, and flying vertebrates. Distinguishing ‘self’ from ‘other’ in our interactions with the physical world extends to the identified role of the cerebellum in model systems, but also into some aspects of cognitive function. It is this view of the cerebellar function that defines the cerebellar sense of self.
John Montgomery and David Bodznick
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198758860
- eISBN:
- 9780191834752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198758860.003.0010
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development, Molecular and Cellular Systems
This book has aimed to clarify and substantiate the claims: firstly that the cerebellum, in much the same form as it evolved in the sharks, is the source of the athleticism and movement finesse that ...
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This book has aimed to clarify and substantiate the claims: firstly that the cerebellum, in much the same form as it evolved in the sharks, is the source of the athleticism and movement finesse that we see in swimming, running, climbing, and flying vertebrates; secondly that work on the cerebellum has the potential to be at the forefront of endeavours to understand the mechanistic details of how the brain can accomplish its most complex and sophisticated actions; and thirdly that the conserved structure of the cerebellar ‘chip’ over such a long evolutionary period and the dramatic diversity of functional utility enabled by the ‘chip’ provide inspiration for technological mimics.Less
This book has aimed to clarify and substantiate the claims: firstly that the cerebellum, in much the same form as it evolved in the sharks, is the source of the athleticism and movement finesse that we see in swimming, running, climbing, and flying vertebrates; secondly that work on the cerebellum has the potential to be at the forefront of endeavours to understand the mechanistic details of how the brain can accomplish its most complex and sophisticated actions; and thirdly that the conserved structure of the cerebellar ‘chip’ over such a long evolutionary period and the dramatic diversity of functional utility enabled by the ‘chip’ provide inspiration for technological mimics.
Austin Briggs
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813034027
- eISBN:
- 9780813038162
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813034027.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
This chapter examines a persistent vein of imagery in James Joyce's Ulysses which cross-associates Bloom with stereotypical properties of Jewishness, particularly those of effeminacy and the peculiar ...
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This chapter examines a persistent vein of imagery in James Joyce's Ulysses which cross-associates Bloom with stereotypical properties of Jewishness, particularly those of effeminacy and the peculiar slur of male menstruation. Moreover, the panoply of racist stigmas, as the chapter deftly shows, is inherently contradictory because it simultaneously casts Jews as vengeful and bloodthirsty and as timorous and emasculated. Ultimately, Joyce references and counterpoints the lurid denigrations of anti-Semitism and the discourses of masculinism and athleticism espoused by Irish nationalists such as Michael Cusack and Patrick Pearse in order to refute them. This chapter argues that the unmanliness and pacifism of Stephen and especially of Bloom act as a pointed counter to political ideologies that aggrandize violence and aggression.Less
This chapter examines a persistent vein of imagery in James Joyce's Ulysses which cross-associates Bloom with stereotypical properties of Jewishness, particularly those of effeminacy and the peculiar slur of male menstruation. Moreover, the panoply of racist stigmas, as the chapter deftly shows, is inherently contradictory because it simultaneously casts Jews as vengeful and bloodthirsty and as timorous and emasculated. Ultimately, Joyce references and counterpoints the lurid denigrations of anti-Semitism and the discourses of masculinism and athleticism espoused by Irish nationalists such as Michael Cusack and Patrick Pearse in order to refute them. This chapter argues that the unmanliness and pacifism of Stephen and especially of Bloom act as a pointed counter to political ideologies that aggrandize violence and aggression.
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804776080
- eISBN:
- 9780804778947
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804776080.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter examines Oscar Wilde's anti-athleticism. Though many critics cling to the popular image of Wilde as ludic martyr in a tragically unplayful age, his relationship with Victorian culture ...
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This chapter examines Oscar Wilde's anti-athleticism. Though many critics cling to the popular image of Wilde as ludic martyr in a tragically unplayful age, his relationship with Victorian culture was more complicated than that. What made him so controversial was his refusal to take play seriously or to show it the proper respect by competing with his fellow Victorians in the mandatory sport of modern life. Wilde considered earnestness a form of moral athleticism, the apotheosis of the competitive impulse: an ugly desire to win. He was a spoilsport, who refused to catch the ball or score a manly victory, enraging his fellow players and inviting the wrath of the world in play to rain down upon his head. In his courageous willingness to lose a game from which there is no escape, and thus to live forever in loss, Wilde discovered the art of love.Less
This chapter examines Oscar Wilde's anti-athleticism. Though many critics cling to the popular image of Wilde as ludic martyr in a tragically unplayful age, his relationship with Victorian culture was more complicated than that. What made him so controversial was his refusal to take play seriously or to show it the proper respect by competing with his fellow Victorians in the mandatory sport of modern life. Wilde considered earnestness a form of moral athleticism, the apotheosis of the competitive impulse: an ugly desire to win. He was a spoilsport, who refused to catch the ball or score a manly victory, enraging his fellow players and inviting the wrath of the world in play to rain down upon his head. In his courageous willingness to lose a game from which there is no escape, and thus to live forever in loss, Wilde discovered the art of love.
Jay Schulkin
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231176767
- eISBN:
- 9780231541978
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176767.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Looks at genes and their expression in athletic capability. There is no athletic gene; there is a general confluence of specific and general capabilities that converge on athletic expression. Such ...
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Looks at genes and their expression in athletic capability. There is no athletic gene; there is a general confluence of specific and general capabilities that converge on athletic expression. Such events reflect experience, culture and epigenetic expression; the absolute continuity of biology and culture; both a reflection of one another.Less
Looks at genes and their expression in athletic capability. There is no athletic gene; there is a general confluence of specific and general capabilities that converge on athletic expression. Such events reflect experience, culture and epigenetic expression; the absolute continuity of biology and culture; both a reflection of one another.
Susan Nance
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832745
- eISBN:
- 9781469605784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807894057_nance.8
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 20th Century Literature
This chapter discusses how foreign-born people added personae of Eastern athleticism to the American repertoire after 1900. It describes the North African and Syrian men who fared best in getting ...
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This chapter discusses how foreign-born people added personae of Eastern athleticism to the American repertoire after 1900. It describes the North African and Syrian men who fared best in getting over as obviously male, powerful, and exotic in American showbusiness. In the guise of Arab horsemen and self-starting acrobats in traveling circuses, Wild West shows, and vaudeville, they offered portrayals of Arab athleticism that flattered American patriotism in comprehensibly exotic modes.Less
This chapter discusses how foreign-born people added personae of Eastern athleticism to the American repertoire after 1900. It describes the North African and Syrian men who fared best in getting over as obviously male, powerful, and exotic in American showbusiness. In the guise of Arab horsemen and self-starting acrobats in traveling circuses, Wild West shows, and vaudeville, they offered portrayals of Arab athleticism that flattered American patriotism in comprehensibly exotic modes.
Brendan Power
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381823
- eISBN:
- 9781781382325
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381823.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter discusses the varied functions of association football in the Boys’ Brigade in Ireland. It argues that athleticism was a significant motivating element for leaders in encouraging the ...
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This chapter discusses the varied functions of association football in the Boys’ Brigade in Ireland. It argues that athleticism was a significant motivating element for leaders in encouraging the growth of football and the organisation provides an opportunity to analyse the development of this concept within a non-elite body, operating outside the structure of formal education, and largely composed of working class youth. However, athleticism was but one impetus amongst many that can be discerned in how leaders and members conceptualised the role of football. It is argued that the rise of football in the Boys’ Brigade was motivated by a number of other concerns such as the supervision of members’ leisure time, ensuring proper regulation of sport, retaining members, and developing links with the organisation in other parts of Ireland.Less
This chapter discusses the varied functions of association football in the Boys’ Brigade in Ireland. It argues that athleticism was a significant motivating element for leaders in encouraging the growth of football and the organisation provides an opportunity to analyse the development of this concept within a non-elite body, operating outside the structure of formal education, and largely composed of working class youth. However, athleticism was but one impetus amongst many that can be discerned in how leaders and members conceptualised the role of football. It is argued that the rise of football in the Boys’ Brigade was motivated by a number of other concerns such as the supervision of members’ leisure time, ensuring proper regulation of sport, retaining members, and developing links with the organisation in other parts of Ireland.
Tracy J. R. Collins
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813042435
- eISBN:
- 9780813043067
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813042435.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Shaw's disdain for the traditional “womanly woman” and support for female education are well known, and considerable attention has been paid to the way his female characters exhibit social and ...
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Shaw's disdain for the traditional “womanly woman” and support for female education are well known, and considerable attention has been paid to the way his female characters exhibit social and intellectual emancipation. However, scholars have so far overlooked Shaw's emphasis on the physical dimension of women's emancipation and his insistent support for physical fitness and athleticism in women. Tracy Collins surveys Shaw's oeuvre in light of contemporary feminist theories of the body, highlighting the extraordinary physicality of his female characters and the integral role it plays for their liberation from confining, conventional gender roles.Less
Shaw's disdain for the traditional “womanly woman” and support for female education are well known, and considerable attention has been paid to the way his female characters exhibit social and intellectual emancipation. However, scholars have so far overlooked Shaw's emphasis on the physical dimension of women's emancipation and his insistent support for physical fitness and athleticism in women. Tracy Collins surveys Shaw's oeuvre in light of contemporary feminist theories of the body, highlighting the extraordinary physicality of his female characters and the integral role it plays for their liberation from confining, conventional gender roles.
Clive Brown
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300095395
- eISBN:
- 9780300127867
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300095395.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
As a child, Felix Mendelssohn seems to have attracted attention not only for his musical gifts but also for his manner and physical appearance. According to Mendelssohn's composition teacher Carl ...
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As a child, Felix Mendelssohn seems to have attracted attention not only for his musical gifts but also for his manner and physical appearance. According to Mendelssohn's composition teacher Carl Friedrich Zelter, his pupil was “good and pretty, lively and obedient.” In the opinion of most of his contemporaries, Mendelssohn's portraits failed to convey the mercurial traits that often made his features fascinating and arresting. One of his closest English musical friends, William Sterndale Bennett, described Mendelssohn as having the appearance of an angel. William Makepeace Thackeray commented that “his face is the most beautiful face I ever saw...” whereas Richard Wagner claimed that he looked so fat and unpleasant. As he grew older, Mendelssohn apparently did not lose any of his physical attractiveness. Many noted the contrast between his slight build and his athleticism. Others, like George Grove and Bayard Taylor, admired his eyes. In the last few years of his life, however, Mendelssohn's features and bearing showed signs of strain.Less
As a child, Felix Mendelssohn seems to have attracted attention not only for his musical gifts but also for his manner and physical appearance. According to Mendelssohn's composition teacher Carl Friedrich Zelter, his pupil was “good and pretty, lively and obedient.” In the opinion of most of his contemporaries, Mendelssohn's portraits failed to convey the mercurial traits that often made his features fascinating and arresting. One of his closest English musical friends, William Sterndale Bennett, described Mendelssohn as having the appearance of an angel. William Makepeace Thackeray commented that “his face is the most beautiful face I ever saw...” whereas Richard Wagner claimed that he looked so fat and unpleasant. As he grew older, Mendelssohn apparently did not lose any of his physical attractiveness. Many noted the contrast between his slight build and his athleticism. Others, like George Grove and Bayard Taylor, admired his eyes. In the last few years of his life, however, Mendelssohn's features and bearing showed signs of strain.
Debra A. Shattuck
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040375
- eISBN:
- 9780252098796
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040375.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sport and Leisure
The 1890s saw a dramatic redefinition of femininity that coalesced into the image of the Gibson Girl and “New Woman.” Men like Bernarr Macfadden taught women that athleticism was a prerequisite of ...
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The 1890s saw a dramatic redefinition of femininity that coalesced into the image of the Gibson Girl and “New Woman.” Men like Bernarr Macfadden taught women that athleticism was a prerequisite of beauty; thousands of women began riding bicycles and playing vigorous sports with gusto. Women’s professional baseball shifted from theatrical to highly competitive and featured talented female players like Maud Nelson and Lizzie Arlington. Their “Bloomer Girl” teams barnstormed the country playing men’s amateur and semi-professional teams. Many decried the New Woman ideal and critics of female baseball players called them Amazons and freaks. Bloomer Girl teams of the 1890s paved the way for the talented female teams of the twentieth century.Less
The 1890s saw a dramatic redefinition of femininity that coalesced into the image of the Gibson Girl and “New Woman.” Men like Bernarr Macfadden taught women that athleticism was a prerequisite of beauty; thousands of women began riding bicycles and playing vigorous sports with gusto. Women’s professional baseball shifted from theatrical to highly competitive and featured talented female players like Maud Nelson and Lizzie Arlington. Their “Bloomer Girl” teams barnstormed the country playing men’s amateur and semi-professional teams. Many decried the New Woman ideal and critics of female baseball players called them Amazons and freaks. Bloomer Girl teams of the 1890s paved the way for the talented female teams of the twentieth century.
Masafumi Monden
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520297722
- eISBN:
- 9780520969971
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520297722.003.0012
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
Asada Mao’s life recounts a dramatic narrative of suffering and triumph. It follows a girl considered beautiful during her meteoric rise to skating stardom, a period of hardships she confronts ...
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Asada Mao’s life recounts a dramatic narrative of suffering and triumph. It follows a girl considered beautiful during her meteoric rise to skating stardom, a period of hardships she confronts tacitly, and the performance of her life at the 2014 Olympics that touched many around the world. This chapter reconsiders Asada’s public persona as a diligent athlete and as the good girl-next-door who speaks with a smile. Asada seems to embody an ideal Japanese young womanhood. Behind this innocent persona, however, is a strong woman with a fierce commitment to her professional performance and audiences and with a skillful way of concealing her personal life from the public eye. This chapter argues that Asada is a diva who captures the heart of people with her extraordinary looks, artistry, and athletic talents—a diva whose spectacular performances and risk-taking behaviors always excite audiences and whose good-girl persona may be her greatest performance of all.Less
Asada Mao’s life recounts a dramatic narrative of suffering and triumph. It follows a girl considered beautiful during her meteoric rise to skating stardom, a period of hardships she confronts tacitly, and the performance of her life at the 2014 Olympics that touched many around the world. This chapter reconsiders Asada’s public persona as a diligent athlete and as the good girl-next-door who speaks with a smile. Asada seems to embody an ideal Japanese young womanhood. Behind this innocent persona, however, is a strong woman with a fierce commitment to her professional performance and audiences and with a skillful way of concealing her personal life from the public eye. This chapter argues that Asada is a diva who captures the heart of people with her extraordinary looks, artistry, and athletic talents—a diva whose spectacular performances and risk-taking behaviors always excite audiences and whose good-girl persona may be her greatest performance of all.
Jaime Schultz
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252038167
- eISBN:
- 9780252095962
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252038167.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This chapter turns to competitive cheerleading. Over the past one hundred years, cheerleading has been noticeably gendered, regendered, sexualized, commercialized, and sportified. Recently, various ...
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This chapter turns to competitive cheerleading. Over the past one hundred years, cheerleading has been noticeably gendered, regendered, sexualized, commercialized, and sportified. Recently, various organizations have worked hard to legitimize competitive cheer, though they have met resistance from women's sports advocates, members of the cheer industry, and residual perceptions of who a cheerleader is and what she does. Where cheerleading was once the sole purview of men, the majority of today's participants are women. These shifts have brought about an undeniable sexual aspect to the pursuit, which scholars Pamela J. Bettis and Natalie Guice Adams characterize as rife with “exotic tensions.” The chapter analyzes whether cheer's newest incarnations reconcile the persistent divide between athleticism and femininity, or if it simply reasserts conventional schisms between them.Less
This chapter turns to competitive cheerleading. Over the past one hundred years, cheerleading has been noticeably gendered, regendered, sexualized, commercialized, and sportified. Recently, various organizations have worked hard to legitimize competitive cheer, though they have met resistance from women's sports advocates, members of the cheer industry, and residual perceptions of who a cheerleader is and what she does. Where cheerleading was once the sole purview of men, the majority of today's participants are women. These shifts have brought about an undeniable sexual aspect to the pursuit, which scholars Pamela J. Bettis and Natalie Guice Adams characterize as rife with “exotic tensions.” The chapter analyzes whether cheer's newest incarnations reconcile the persistent divide between athleticism and femininity, or if it simply reasserts conventional schisms between them.
John Montgomery and David Bodznick
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198758860
- eISBN:
- 9780191834752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198758860.003.0006
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development, Molecular and Cellular Systems
Model systems have been critical to developing our understanding of cerebellar function. The vestibulo-ocular reflex stabilizes the eyes during head movement and depends on the cerebellum to maintain ...
More
Model systems have been critical to developing our understanding of cerebellar function. The vestibulo-ocular reflex stabilizes the eyes during head movement and depends on the cerebellum to maintain accurate function. Classical conditioning of the eye blink reflex is an example of predictive motor learning where the role of the cerebellum is to appropriately time the conditioned response. Voluntary goal-directed behaviour, such as target-directed eye movements, harnesses the cerebellar circuitry to maintain accuracy and compensates for self-induced perturbations that occur during the movement such as an eye blink. In the general context of everyday movement, the role of the cerebellum in the actions and reactions that underlie animal athleticism is likely to be pervasive, but also inextricably intertwined with the wider motor control networks.Less
Model systems have been critical to developing our understanding of cerebellar function. The vestibulo-ocular reflex stabilizes the eyes during head movement and depends on the cerebellum to maintain accurate function. Classical conditioning of the eye blink reflex is an example of predictive motor learning where the role of the cerebellum is to appropriately time the conditioned response. Voluntary goal-directed behaviour, such as target-directed eye movements, harnesses the cerebellar circuitry to maintain accuracy and compensates for self-induced perturbations that occur during the movement such as an eye blink. In the general context of everyday movement, the role of the cerebellum in the actions and reactions that underlie animal athleticism is likely to be pervasive, but also inextricably intertwined with the wider motor control networks.
