Eric Post
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148472
- eISBN:
- 9781400846139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148472.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter explores the dynamics of plant and animal species and species assemblages during the Earth's most recent period of rapid warming to garner insights into the potential consequences of ...
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This chapter explores the dynamics of plant and animal species and species assemblages during the Earth's most recent period of rapid warming to garner insights into the potential consequences of future rapid climate change. From the perspective of climate change ecology, the Late Pleistocene and the Pleistocene–Holocene transition are relevant because they represent the end of a prolonged period of climatic fluctuation on multiple temporal scales followed by rapid warming. Not only did Earth's major biomes undergo extensive compositional changes during the late Quaternary and near the termination of the Pleistocene epoch, they also underwent geographically large-scale redistributions, and did so rapidly, in some cases on the scale of decades. If rapid warming during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition contributed to—or even acted as the main driver of—mass extinctions, such a scenario would seem to suggest that contemporary climate change has a similar capacity to precipitate species losses.Less
This chapter explores the dynamics of plant and animal species and species assemblages during the Earth's most recent period of rapid warming to garner insights into the potential consequences of future rapid climate change. From the perspective of climate change ecology, the Late Pleistocene and the Pleistocene–Holocene transition are relevant because they represent the end of a prolonged period of climatic fluctuation on multiple temporal scales followed by rapid warming. Not only did Earth's major biomes undergo extensive compositional changes during the late Quaternary and near the termination of the Pleistocene epoch, they also underwent geographically large-scale redistributions, and did so rapidly, in some cases on the scale of decades. If rapid warming during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition contributed to—or even acted as the main driver of—mass extinctions, such a scenario would seem to suggest that contemporary climate change has a similar capacity to precipitate species losses.
Thomas J. Stohlgren
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195172331
- eISBN:
- 9780199790395
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172331.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
Paired-plot designs are commonly used to compare the effects of fire, grazing, or other disturbances. Plots are placed in treated (or disturbed) and untreated (or control) sites, and measured ...
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Paired-plot designs are commonly used to compare the effects of fire, grazing, or other disturbances. Plots are placed in treated (or disturbed) and untreated (or control) sites, and measured differences are meant to infer the direct effects of the treatments. As this next case study shows, such simple approaches are never as simple and straightforward as planned, but they do provide insightful information. This chapter is a case study designed to: (1) examine several aspects of plant assemblages at multiple spatial scales in long-term grazed and ungrazed sites in several management areas; (2) determine the relative roles of grazing, soil characteristics, and climate in determining patterns of species richness; and (3) develop broad generalizations about the effects of grazing and cessation of grazing on plant diversity in typical grasslands in the Rocky Mountains.Less
Paired-plot designs are commonly used to compare the effects of fire, grazing, or other disturbances. Plots are placed in treated (or disturbed) and untreated (or control) sites, and measured differences are meant to infer the direct effects of the treatments. As this next case study shows, such simple approaches are never as simple and straightforward as planned, but they do provide insightful information. This chapter is a case study designed to: (1) examine several aspects of plant assemblages at multiple spatial scales in long-term grazed and ungrazed sites in several management areas; (2) determine the relative roles of grazing, soil characteristics, and climate in determining patterns of species richness; and (3) develop broad generalizations about the effects of grazing and cessation of grazing on plant diversity in typical grasslands in the Rocky Mountains.
EDVARD RTVELADZE
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263846
- eISBN:
- 9780191734113
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263846.003.0019
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter examines the archaeological evidence concerning the monetary circulation in ancient Tokharistan. The findings describe the highly complex and uninterrupted development of monetary ...
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This chapter examines the archaeological evidence concerning the monetary circulation in ancient Tokharistan. The findings describe the highly complex and uninterrupted development of monetary relations in Tokharistan in the Classical period, during which the coin assemblage changed. This era included periods of advance and decline, with the periods of decline occurring after the fall of the great ancient kingdoms of the Graeco-Bactrians and the Kushans.Less
This chapter examines the archaeological evidence concerning the monetary circulation in ancient Tokharistan. The findings describe the highly complex and uninterrupted development of monetary relations in Tokharistan in the Classical period, during which the coin assemblage changed. This era included periods of advance and decline, with the periods of decline occurring after the fall of the great ancient kingdoms of the Graeco-Bactrians and the Kushans.
Wendell R. Haag
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199535095
- eISBN:
- 9780191715754
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199535095.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Past human impacts on the riverine ecosystems of North America remain poorly understood. This continent is home to the world's most diverse freshwater mussel fauna, but mussels are particularly ...
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Past human impacts on the riverine ecosystems of North America remain poorly understood. This continent is home to the world's most diverse freshwater mussel fauna, but mussels are particularly vulnerable to human impacts because they are long-lived sedentary filter feeders with complex life histories. A large body of historical and archaeological sources provide an extraordinarily comprehensive record of mussel distribution and in some cases abundance throughout the Holocene that exists for few organisms in general and is unprecedented for invertebrates. Despite high harvest pressure and the potential effects of prehistoric human land use practices on aquatic habitats, no extinctions of mussel species have been documented in North America until the 20th century. However, freshwater mussels have experienced one of the highest rates of extinction of any group of organisms during the past 100 years, primarily due to dam construction and the indirect effects of habitat fragmentation.Less
Past human impacts on the riverine ecosystems of North America remain poorly understood. This continent is home to the world's most diverse freshwater mussel fauna, but mussels are particularly vulnerable to human impacts because they are long-lived sedentary filter feeders with complex life histories. A large body of historical and archaeological sources provide an extraordinarily comprehensive record of mussel distribution and in some cases abundance throughout the Holocene that exists for few organisms in general and is unprecedented for invertebrates. Despite high harvest pressure and the potential effects of prehistoric human land use practices on aquatic habitats, no extinctions of mussel species have been documented in North America until the 20th century. However, freshwater mussels have experienced one of the highest rates of extinction of any group of organisms during the past 100 years, primarily due to dam construction and the indirect effects of habitat fragmentation.
Norie Neumark
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262036139
- eISBN:
- 9780262339834
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262036139.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Theory, Analysis, Composition
Moved by Aboriginal or Indigenous understandings of tracks, Norie Neumark’s Voicetracks seeks to deepen understandings of voice through listening to a variety of media and contemporary art works from ...
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Moved by Aboriginal or Indigenous understandings of tracks, Norie Neumark’s Voicetracks seeks to deepen understandings of voice through listening to a variety of media and contemporary art works from Australia, Europe, and the United States. The author aims to bring voice studies into conversation with new materialism to broaden thinking within both. Through a methodology based in listening, she brings theories of affect and carnal and situated knowledge into conversation with her examples and the theories she works with. Through her examples, Neumark engages with artists working with animal sounds and voices; voices of place, placed voices in installation works; voices of technology; and “unvoicing,” disturbances in the image/voice relationship and in the idea of what voice is. Neumark evokes both the literal—the actual voices within the works with which she engages—and the metaphorical—in a new materialist exploration of voice encompassing humans, animals, things, and assemblages. Not content with the often dry tone of academic writing, the author engages a “wayfaring” process that brings together theories from sound, animal, and posthuman studies in order to change the ways we think about and act with and within the assemblages of living creatures, things, places and histories around us. Finally, she considers ethics and politics, and describes how her own work has shaped her understandings and apprehensions of voice.Less
Moved by Aboriginal or Indigenous understandings of tracks, Norie Neumark’s Voicetracks seeks to deepen understandings of voice through listening to a variety of media and contemporary art works from Australia, Europe, and the United States. The author aims to bring voice studies into conversation with new materialism to broaden thinking within both. Through a methodology based in listening, she brings theories of affect and carnal and situated knowledge into conversation with her examples and the theories she works with. Through her examples, Neumark engages with artists working with animal sounds and voices; voices of place, placed voices in installation works; voices of technology; and “unvoicing,” disturbances in the image/voice relationship and in the idea of what voice is. Neumark evokes both the literal—the actual voices within the works with which she engages—and the metaphorical—in a new materialist exploration of voice encompassing humans, animals, things, and assemblages. Not content with the often dry tone of academic writing, the author engages a “wayfaring” process that brings together theories from sound, animal, and posthuman studies in order to change the ways we think about and act with and within the assemblages of living creatures, things, places and histories around us. Finally, she considers ethics and politics, and describes how her own work has shaped her understandings and apprehensions of voice.
Arthur Bahr
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226924915
- eISBN:
- 9780226924922
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226924922.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
This book expands the ways in which we interpret medieval manuscripts, examining the formal characteristics of both physical manuscripts and literary works. Specifically, it argues that manuscript ...
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This book expands the ways in which we interpret medieval manuscripts, examining the formal characteristics of both physical manuscripts and literary works. Specifically, it argues that manuscript compilations from fourteenth-century London reward interpretation as both assemblages and fragments: as meaningfully constructed objects whose forms and textual contents shed light on the city's literary, social, and political cultures, but also as artifacts whose physical fragmentation invites forms of literary criticism that were unintended by their medieval makers. Such compilations are not simply repositories of data to be used for the reconstruction of the distant past; their physical forms reward literary and aesthetic analysis in their own right. The compilations analyzed reflect the full vibrancy of fourteenth-century London's literary cultures: the multilingual codices of Edwardian civil servant Andrew Horn and Ricardian poet John Gower, the famous Auchinleck manuscript of texts in Middle English, and Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. By reading these compilations as both formal shapes and historical occurrences, the book uncovers neglected literary histories specific to the time and place of their production. The book offers a less empiricist way of interpreting the relationship between textual and physical form that will be of interest to a wide range of literary critics and manuscript scholars.Less
This book expands the ways in which we interpret medieval manuscripts, examining the formal characteristics of both physical manuscripts and literary works. Specifically, it argues that manuscript compilations from fourteenth-century London reward interpretation as both assemblages and fragments: as meaningfully constructed objects whose forms and textual contents shed light on the city's literary, social, and political cultures, but also as artifacts whose physical fragmentation invites forms of literary criticism that were unintended by their medieval makers. Such compilations are not simply repositories of data to be used for the reconstruction of the distant past; their physical forms reward literary and aesthetic analysis in their own right. The compilations analyzed reflect the full vibrancy of fourteenth-century London's literary cultures: the multilingual codices of Edwardian civil servant Andrew Horn and Ricardian poet John Gower, the famous Auchinleck manuscript of texts in Middle English, and Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. By reading these compilations as both formal shapes and historical occurrences, the book uncovers neglected literary histories specific to the time and place of their production. The book offers a less empiricist way of interpreting the relationship between textual and physical form that will be of interest to a wide range of literary critics and manuscript scholars.
Eric Post
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691182353
- eISBN:
- 9780691185491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter studies how the concept of phenological community relates to the utilization of time by species that co-occur in the local assemblage. It also examines the consequences for phenological ...
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This chapter studies how the concept of phenological community relates to the utilization of time by species that co-occur in the local assemblage. It also examines the consequences for phenological community dynamics of differential use of time by co-occurring species. Indeed, a main point of emphasis in this chapter is the dynamic nature of the community in a phenological context. The allocation of time by the individual organism to phenophases within its annual cycle of growth, maintenance, and reproduction determines patterns of interactions in time among species co-occurring in the local assemblage. In the context of phenology, the local community is characterized by a capacity for pronounced variability on both short-term temporal scales (over days) and on longer-term temporal scales (from year to year).Less
This chapter studies how the concept of phenological community relates to the utilization of time by species that co-occur in the local assemblage. It also examines the consequences for phenological community dynamics of differential use of time by co-occurring species. Indeed, a main point of emphasis in this chapter is the dynamic nature of the community in a phenological context. The allocation of time by the individual organism to phenophases within its annual cycle of growth, maintenance, and reproduction determines patterns of interactions in time among species co-occurring in the local assemblage. In the context of phenology, the local community is characterized by a capacity for pronounced variability on both short-term temporal scales (over days) and on longer-term temporal scales (from year to year).
Eric Post
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691182353
- eISBN:
- 9780691185491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691182353.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter addresses the role of time in horizontal species interactions. Horizontal, or lateral, species interactions are those involving individuals within a single trophic level in the same ...
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This chapter addresses the role of time in horizontal species interactions. Horizontal, or lateral, species interactions are those involving individuals within a single trophic level in the same local community or species assemblage. These involve primarily interference interactions such as competition for resources required by more than one member of the local assemblage. The chapter then considers the allocation of time within an individual organism's life history cycle. The use of time by the individual must address potentially strongly competing interests. In a competitive context, while earlier timing of life history events may in and of itself present a competitive advantage among conspecifics, its value as a strategy in interspecific competition relates to its effect on phenological duration. This is because duration determines overlap within the phenological community.Less
This chapter addresses the role of time in horizontal species interactions. Horizontal, or lateral, species interactions are those involving individuals within a single trophic level in the same local community or species assemblage. These involve primarily interference interactions such as competition for resources required by more than one member of the local assemblage. The chapter then considers the allocation of time within an individual organism's life history cycle. The use of time by the individual must address potentially strongly competing interests. In a competitive context, while earlier timing of life history events may in and of itself present a competitive advantage among conspecifics, its value as a strategy in interspecific competition relates to its effect on phenological duration. This is because duration determines overlap within the phenological community.
Emmanuelle Wessels and Mark Martinez
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781628462388
- eISBN:
- 9781626746831
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781628462388.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Comics Studies
Moving from the realm of cinema and sequential art to that of politics, Emmanuelle Wessels and Mark Martinez consider the Joker’s expediency as a symbol in the Tea Party’s protest efforts against ...
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Moving from the realm of cinema and sequential art to that of politics, Emmanuelle Wessels and Mark Martinez consider the Joker’s expediency as a symbol in the Tea Party’s protest efforts against President Barack Obama’s Health Care Reform initiative. The “Obama-Joker,” an Internet meme mashing up the visages of the Clown Prince and the Chief Executive, became a rallying image for the Tea Party movement, and Wessels and Martinez, using assemblage theory and psychoanalysis, “argue that the Joker’s contemporary permutation as terrorist whose terror, in part, involves destroying capitalism and economic infrastructure,” intersects with far-right American political ideology.Less
Moving from the realm of cinema and sequential art to that of politics, Emmanuelle Wessels and Mark Martinez consider the Joker’s expediency as a symbol in the Tea Party’s protest efforts against President Barack Obama’s Health Care Reform initiative. The “Obama-Joker,” an Internet meme mashing up the visages of the Clown Prince and the Chief Executive, became a rallying image for the Tea Party movement, and Wessels and Martinez, using assemblage theory and psychoanalysis, “argue that the Joker’s contemporary permutation as terrorist whose terror, in part, involves destroying capitalism and economic infrastructure,” intersects with far-right American political ideology.
Anna Dezeuze
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719088575
- eISBN:
- 9781526120717
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719088575.001.0001
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
This book proposes a new reading of contemporary art between 1958 and 2009 by sketching out a trajectory of ‘precarious’ art practices. Such practices risk being dismissed as ‘almost nothing’ because ...
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This book proposes a new reading of contemporary art between 1958 and 2009 by sketching out a trajectory of ‘precarious’ art practices. Such practices risk being dismissed as ‘almost nothing’ because they look like trash about to be thrown out, because they present objects and events that are so commonplace as to be confused with our ordinary surroundings, or because they are fleeting gestures that vanish into the fabric of everyday life. What is the status of such fragile, nearly invisible, artworks? In what ways do they engage with the precarious modes of existence that have emerged and evolved in the socio-economic context of an increasingly globalised capitalism?
Works discussed in this study range from Allan Kaprow’s assemblages and happenings, Fluxus event scores and Hélio Oiticica’s wearable Parangolé capes in the 1960s, to Thomas Hirschhorn’s sprawling environments and participatory projects, Francis Alÿs’s filmed performances and Gabriel Orozco’s objects and photographs in the 1990s. Significant similarities among these different practices will be drawn out, while crucial shifts will be outlined in the evolution of this trajectory from the early 1960s to the turn of the twenty-first century.
This book will give students and amateurs of contemporary art and culture new insights into the radical specificities of these practices, by situating them within an original set of historical and critical issues. In particular, this study addresses essential questions such as the art object’s ‘dematerialisation’, relations between art and everyday life, including the three fields of work, labour and action first outlined by Hannah Arendt in 1958.Less
This book proposes a new reading of contemporary art between 1958 and 2009 by sketching out a trajectory of ‘precarious’ art practices. Such practices risk being dismissed as ‘almost nothing’ because they look like trash about to be thrown out, because they present objects and events that are so commonplace as to be confused with our ordinary surroundings, or because they are fleeting gestures that vanish into the fabric of everyday life. What is the status of such fragile, nearly invisible, artworks? In what ways do they engage with the precarious modes of existence that have emerged and evolved in the socio-economic context of an increasingly globalised capitalism?
Works discussed in this study range from Allan Kaprow’s assemblages and happenings, Fluxus event scores and Hélio Oiticica’s wearable Parangolé capes in the 1960s, to Thomas Hirschhorn’s sprawling environments and participatory projects, Francis Alÿs’s filmed performances and Gabriel Orozco’s objects and photographs in the 1990s. Significant similarities among these different practices will be drawn out, while crucial shifts will be outlined in the evolution of this trajectory from the early 1960s to the turn of the twenty-first century.
This book will give students and amateurs of contemporary art and culture new insights into the radical specificities of these practices, by situating them within an original set of historical and critical issues. In particular, this study addresses essential questions such as the art object’s ‘dematerialisation’, relations between art and everyday life, including the three fields of work, labour and action first outlined by Hannah Arendt in 1958.
Ruth Holliday, Meredith Jones, and David Bell
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781526134257
- eISBN:
- 9781526146717
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7765/9781526134264
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
Beautyscapes explores the rapidly developing global phenomenon of international medical travel, focusing specifically on patient-consumers seeking cosmetic surgery outside their home country and on ...
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Beautyscapes explores the rapidly developing global phenomenon of international medical travel, focusing specifically on patient-consumers seeking cosmetic surgery outside their home country and on those who enable them to access treatment abroad, including key figures such as surgeons and facilitators. Documenting the complex and sometimes fraught journeys of those who travel for treatment abroad, as well as the nature and power relations of the transnational IMT industry, this is the first book to focus specifically on cosmetic surgery tourism. A rich and theoretically sophisticated ethnography, Beautyscapes draws on key themes in studies of globalisation and mobility, such as gender and class, neoliberalism, social media, assemblage, conviviality and care, to explain the nature and growing popularity of cosmetic surgery tourism. The book challenges myths about vain and ill-informed travellers seeking surgery from ‘cowboy’ foreign doctors, yet also demonstrates the difficulties and dilemmas that medical tourists – especially cosmetic surgery tourists – face. Vividly illustrated with ethnographic material and with the voices of those directly involved in cosmetic surgery tourism, Beautyscapes is based on a large research project exploring cosmetic surgery journeys from Australia and China to East Asia and from the UK to Europe and North Africa.Less
Beautyscapes explores the rapidly developing global phenomenon of international medical travel, focusing specifically on patient-consumers seeking cosmetic surgery outside their home country and on those who enable them to access treatment abroad, including key figures such as surgeons and facilitators. Documenting the complex and sometimes fraught journeys of those who travel for treatment abroad, as well as the nature and power relations of the transnational IMT industry, this is the first book to focus specifically on cosmetic surgery tourism. A rich and theoretically sophisticated ethnography, Beautyscapes draws on key themes in studies of globalisation and mobility, such as gender and class, neoliberalism, social media, assemblage, conviviality and care, to explain the nature and growing popularity of cosmetic surgery tourism. The book challenges myths about vain and ill-informed travellers seeking surgery from ‘cowboy’ foreign doctors, yet also demonstrates the difficulties and dilemmas that medical tourists – especially cosmetic surgery tourists – face. Vividly illustrated with ethnographic material and with the voices of those directly involved in cosmetic surgery tourism, Beautyscapes is based on a large research project exploring cosmetic surgery journeys from Australia and China to East Asia and from the UK to Europe and North Africa.
John Clarke, Dave Bainton, Noémi Lendvai, and Paul Stubbs
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447313366
- eISBN:
- 9781447313410
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447313366.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Responding to the increasing interest in the movement of policies between places, sites and settings, this timely book presents a critical alternative to approaches centred on ideas of policy ...
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Responding to the increasing interest in the movement of policies between places, sites and settings, this timely book presents a critical alternative to approaches centred on ideas of policy transfer, dissemination or learning. Written by the key people in the field, it argues that treating policy as an active process of ‘translation’, in which policies are interpreted, inflected and re-worked as they change location, is of critical importance for studying policy. The book provides an exciting and accessible analytical and methodological foundation for studying policy in this way and will be a valuable resource for those studying policy processes at both undergraduate and post-graduate levels. Mixing collectively written chapters with individual case studies of policies and practices, the book provides a powerful and productive introduction to rethinking policy studies. It ends with a commitment to the possibilities of thinking and doing ‘policy otherwise’.Less
Responding to the increasing interest in the movement of policies between places, sites and settings, this timely book presents a critical alternative to approaches centred on ideas of policy transfer, dissemination or learning. Written by the key people in the field, it argues that treating policy as an active process of ‘translation’, in which policies are interpreted, inflected and re-worked as they change location, is of critical importance for studying policy. The book provides an exciting and accessible analytical and methodological foundation for studying policy in this way and will be a valuable resource for those studying policy processes at both undergraduate and post-graduate levels. Mixing collectively written chapters with individual case studies of policies and practices, the book provides a powerful and productive introduction to rethinking policy studies. It ends with a commitment to the possibilities of thinking and doing ‘policy otherwise’.
Christopher Sneddon
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226284316
- eISBN:
- 9780226284453
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226284453.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
The construction of tens of thousands of large dams across the planet’s surface brought about one of the largest biophysical transformations of the twentieth century and has irrevocably altered ...
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The construction of tens of thousands of large dams across the planet’s surface brought about one of the largest biophysical transformations of the twentieth century and has irrevocably altered human-environment relations. The geopolitical dimensions of this “concrete revolution” have remained largely hidden. The history of large dams and more generally river basin development is simultaneously environmental, social, technical and geopolitical. This book focuses on the activities of the United States government, in particular the Bureau of Reclamation, America’s premier water development agency, to exercise and disseminate technical expertise regarding large hydroelectric dams and river basin planning and development to the world’s “underdeveloped regions” from the 1930s to the 1970s. The Bureau’s water resource development activities, which ranged from short-term consultations to intensive multi-year programs, were deeply influenced by the imperatives of US foreign policy during the Cold War era. Detailed cases presented in the book—including Bureau interventions in China, Lebanon, Ethiopia and the Mekong Basin—underscore how the geopolitical dynamics of the Cold War facilitated an alignment of economic and technical networks of development that were highly favorable to the dissemination of large dams. Large dams and other technology-centered development projects are never purely technical undertakings whose successes or failures hinge on the ingenuity of the engineers who design and build them or the motivations of state officials who fund and promote them. The lessons of the history presented here are that large dams and river basin planning are complex hybrids of nature, technology and society.Less
The construction of tens of thousands of large dams across the planet’s surface brought about one of the largest biophysical transformations of the twentieth century and has irrevocably altered human-environment relations. The geopolitical dimensions of this “concrete revolution” have remained largely hidden. The history of large dams and more generally river basin development is simultaneously environmental, social, technical and geopolitical. This book focuses on the activities of the United States government, in particular the Bureau of Reclamation, America’s premier water development agency, to exercise and disseminate technical expertise regarding large hydroelectric dams and river basin planning and development to the world’s “underdeveloped regions” from the 1930s to the 1970s. The Bureau’s water resource development activities, which ranged from short-term consultations to intensive multi-year programs, were deeply influenced by the imperatives of US foreign policy during the Cold War era. Detailed cases presented in the book—including Bureau interventions in China, Lebanon, Ethiopia and the Mekong Basin—underscore how the geopolitical dynamics of the Cold War facilitated an alignment of economic and technical networks of development that were highly favorable to the dissemination of large dams. Large dams and other technology-centered development projects are never purely technical undertakings whose successes or failures hinge on the ingenuity of the engineers who design and build them or the motivations of state officials who fund and promote them. The lessons of the history presented here are that large dams and river basin planning are complex hybrids of nature, technology and society.
Jacob Stromberg
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199593910
- eISBN:
- 9780191595707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199593910.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter examines the formation of 56:1–8 and 65–66, asking whether each constitutes a redactional assemblage or an original composition. The analysis shows that Isaiah 56:1–8, rather than being ...
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This chapter examines the formation of 56:1–8 and 65–66, asking whether each constitutes a redactional assemblage or an original composition. The analysis shows that Isaiah 56:1–8, rather than being composite, was composed by a single hand. The same conclusion is reached regarding 65–66, but of necessity through a more extensive analysis divided into two parts: an examination of features suggesting a single hand behind 65–66; a critical review of redactional analyses of 65–66. Because 56:1–8 and 65–66 constitute original compositions, and because they stem from the hand responsible for Third Isaiah's final form, the chapter concludes that it is appropriate to call the individual responsible for this material ‘the author of Third Isaiah.’ It is this work, to which 56:9–59:20 likely also belongs, which serves as the primary point of reference for the author of Third Isaiah in the remaining analysis.Less
This chapter examines the formation of 56:1–8 and 65–66, asking whether each constitutes a redactional assemblage or an original composition. The analysis shows that Isaiah 56:1–8, rather than being composite, was composed by a single hand. The same conclusion is reached regarding 65–66, but of necessity through a more extensive analysis divided into two parts: an examination of features suggesting a single hand behind 65–66; a critical review of redactional analyses of 65–66. Because 56:1–8 and 65–66 constitute original compositions, and because they stem from the hand responsible for Third Isaiah's final form, the chapter concludes that it is appropriate to call the individual responsible for this material ‘the author of Third Isaiah.’ It is this work, to which 56:9–59:20 likely also belongs, which serves as the primary point of reference for the author of Third Isaiah in the remaining analysis.
Drew Daniel
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780823251278
- eISBN:
- 9780823252701
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823251278.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
This book considers melancholy as an “assemblage,” as a network of dynamic, interpretive relationships between persons, bodies, texts, spaces, structures, and things. In doing so, it parts ways with ...
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This book considers melancholy as an “assemblage,” as a network of dynamic, interpretive relationships between persons, bodies, texts, spaces, structures, and things. In doing so, it parts ways with past interpretations of melancholy. Tilting the English Renaissance against the present moment, the book argues that the basic disciplinary tension between medicine and philosophy persists within contemporary debates about emotional embodiment. To make this case, the book binds together the paintings of Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver, the drama of William Shakespeare, the prose of Robert Burton, and the poetry of John Milton. Crossing borders and periods, the book combines recent theories that have—until now—been regarded as incongruous by their respective advocates. Asking fundamental questions about how the experience of emotion produces community, the book will be of interest to scholars of early modern literature, psychoanalysis, the affective turn, and continental philosophy.Less
This book considers melancholy as an “assemblage,” as a network of dynamic, interpretive relationships between persons, bodies, texts, spaces, structures, and things. In doing so, it parts ways with past interpretations of melancholy. Tilting the English Renaissance against the present moment, the book argues that the basic disciplinary tension between medicine and philosophy persists within contemporary debates about emotional embodiment. To make this case, the book binds together the paintings of Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver, the drama of William Shakespeare, the prose of Robert Burton, and the poetry of John Milton. Crossing borders and periods, the book combines recent theories that have—until now—been regarded as incongruous by their respective advocates. Asking fundamental questions about how the experience of emotion produces community, the book will be of interest to scholars of early modern literature, psychoanalysis, the affective turn, and continental philosophy.
Luis D. León
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520283688
- eISBN:
- 9780520959484
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520283688.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This book is a mythology—not a history or a biography—inasmuch as the author’s interest is in tracing the myths Chavez created about himself and those told about him, paying particular attention to ...
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This book is a mythology—not a history or a biography—inasmuch as the author’s interest is in tracing the myths Chavez created about himself and those told about him, paying particular attention to the variations of the story. Rather than weigh in on the differences, the author probes the meaning of the incongruity. The book moves theoretically from religious poetics to religious politics. It argues for Chavez as a religious border crosser—“nepantla spirituality”—and frames his movement as engaged with American civil religion.Less
This book is a mythology—not a history or a biography—inasmuch as the author’s interest is in tracing the myths Chavez created about himself and those told about him, paying particular attention to the variations of the story. Rather than weigh in on the differences, the author probes the meaning of the incongruity. The book moves theoretically from religious poetics to religious politics. It argues for Chavez as a religious border crosser—“nepantla spirituality”—and frames his movement as engaged with American civil religion.
Des O’Rawe
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719099663
- eISBN:
- 9781526104137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719099663.003.0003
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
In Joseph Cornell’s New York films from the 1950s, documentary forms shift between realism and symbolism, materiality and mystery. This chapter emphasizes several converging critical contexts for the ...
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In Joseph Cornell’s New York films from the 1950s, documentary forms shift between realism and symbolism, materiality and mystery. This chapter emphasizes several converging critical contexts for the study of these films: firstly, the visual – especially, photographic – culture in New York in the 1950s, a culture that included Cornell, even if he did not, officially, belong to any of its coteries; secondly, the people he worked with on these films, especially his collaborations with Rudy Burckhardt and Stan Brakhage, and their respective connections to the New York School, and the city’s burgeoning avant-garde scene; thirdly, how – in formal terms – Cornell’s films from the 1950s relate to his other art work, especially, the boxes, assemblages, the collage-montage films of the 1930s, and his artistic vision, more generally; and finally, the relevance of these films to a broader discussion on documentary practice, and its relation to the modern visual arts.Less
In Joseph Cornell’s New York films from the 1950s, documentary forms shift between realism and symbolism, materiality and mystery. This chapter emphasizes several converging critical contexts for the study of these films: firstly, the visual – especially, photographic – culture in New York in the 1950s, a culture that included Cornell, even if he did not, officially, belong to any of its coteries; secondly, the people he worked with on these films, especially his collaborations with Rudy Burckhardt and Stan Brakhage, and their respective connections to the New York School, and the city’s burgeoning avant-garde scene; thirdly, how – in formal terms – Cornell’s films from the 1950s relate to his other art work, especially, the boxes, assemblages, the collage-montage films of the 1930s, and his artistic vision, more generally; and finally, the relevance of these films to a broader discussion on documentary practice, and its relation to the modern visual arts.
Jean-Luc Nancy and Aurélien Barrau
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823263332
- eISBN:
- 9780823266326
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823263332.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Our contemporary challenge, according to this book, is that a new world has quietly cropped up on us and is, in fact, already here. We no longer live in a world, but in worlds. We do not live in a ...
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Our contemporary challenge, according to this book, is that a new world has quietly cropped up on us and is, in fact, already here. We no longer live in a world, but in worlds. We do not live in a universe anymore, but rather in a multiverse. We no longer create; we appropriate and montage. And we do not build sovereign, hierarchical political institutions anymore; we form local assemblies and networks of cross-national assemblages and we do this at the same time as we form multinational corporations that no longer pay taxes to the State. This book is a study of life, plural worlds, and what the authors call the struction or rebuilding of these worlds. The text invites us to view barely known worlds when an everyday French idiom, “What's this world coming to?,” is used to question our conventional thinking about the world. One chapter articulates a major shift in the paradigm of contemporary physics from a universe to a multiverse. Meanwhile, another chapter is a contemporary comment on the project of deconstruction and French post-structuralist thought. We soon find ourselves living among heaps of odd bits and pieces that are amassing without any unifying force or center, living not only in a time of ruin and fragmentation, but of rebuilding. In the time of this rebuilding, the book argues that contemporary thought has shifted from deconstruction to what they carefully call the struction of dis-order.Less
Our contemporary challenge, according to this book, is that a new world has quietly cropped up on us and is, in fact, already here. We no longer live in a world, but in worlds. We do not live in a universe anymore, but rather in a multiverse. We no longer create; we appropriate and montage. And we do not build sovereign, hierarchical political institutions anymore; we form local assemblies and networks of cross-national assemblages and we do this at the same time as we form multinational corporations that no longer pay taxes to the State. This book is a study of life, plural worlds, and what the authors call the struction or rebuilding of these worlds. The text invites us to view barely known worlds when an everyday French idiom, “What's this world coming to?,” is used to question our conventional thinking about the world. One chapter articulates a major shift in the paradigm of contemporary physics from a universe to a multiverse. Meanwhile, another chapter is a contemporary comment on the project of deconstruction and French post-structuralist thought. We soon find ourselves living among heaps of odd bits and pieces that are amassing without any unifying force or center, living not only in a time of ruin and fragmentation, but of rebuilding. In the time of this rebuilding, the book argues that contemporary thought has shifted from deconstruction to what they carefully call the struction of dis-order.
Christopher Sneddon
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226284316
- eISBN:
- 9780226284453
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226284453.003.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Technology and Society
Large dams, brought into being through a combination of technological prowess, engineering expertise and political-economic calculation, have radically altered humanity’s relationship with planetary ...
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Large dams, brought into being through a combination of technological prowess, engineering expertise and political-economic calculation, have radically altered humanity’s relationship with planetary river systems. This ‘concrete revolution’ was deeply connected to global geopolitics and efforts by the United States foreign policy apparatus to exert influence over newly emerging nation-states via technical and economic assistance. This chapter introduces the book’s major themes: the intimate linkages among geopolitics, technologies, and large-scale environmental transformations carried out in the name of “development”; and the production and transfer of the powerful ideal that the river basin is the most appropriate unit for a host of inter-related water development and management activities. These themes are examined through a conceptual framework that integrates contemporary thinking on assemblages, technopolitics, environmental history and the geopolitics of development. Large dams, as technological objects constituted through assemblages of capital, knowledge and power, represent a crucial spatial and temporal node of technopolitics in the 20th century. These hybrids behave in often unpredictable ways, despite the best efforts to plan for and take account of the social and biophysical changes wrought by damming a river.Less
Large dams, brought into being through a combination of technological prowess, engineering expertise and political-economic calculation, have radically altered humanity’s relationship with planetary river systems. This ‘concrete revolution’ was deeply connected to global geopolitics and efforts by the United States foreign policy apparatus to exert influence over newly emerging nation-states via technical and economic assistance. This chapter introduces the book’s major themes: the intimate linkages among geopolitics, technologies, and large-scale environmental transformations carried out in the name of “development”; and the production and transfer of the powerful ideal that the river basin is the most appropriate unit for a host of inter-related water development and management activities. These themes are examined through a conceptual framework that integrates contemporary thinking on assemblages, technopolitics, environmental history and the geopolitics of development. Large dams, as technological objects constituted through assemblages of capital, knowledge and power, represent a crucial spatial and temporal node of technopolitics in the 20th century. These hybrids behave in often unpredictable ways, despite the best efforts to plan for and take account of the social and biophysical changes wrought by damming a river.
Matthew Reeves
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061559
- eISBN:
- 9780813051468
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061559.003.0002
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Recent research on early nineteenth-century slave households at James Madison’s Montpelier in Virginia has focused on comparative household assemblage analysis on a number of levels, including the ...
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Recent research on early nineteenth-century slave households at James Madison’s Montpelier in Virginia has focused on comparative household assemblage analysis on a number of levels, including the local (between households in a single community), the regional (households within a market region), and the Atlantic (comparison of households between Jamaica and the Chesapeake). An important element in this comparative household analysis is scalar analysis. Scalar analysis is an analytical tool that allows archaeologists to find the most effective scale to explain patterns of material culture—whether it be at the local or Atlantic level. By addressing similarities and differences between household assemblages, scalar analysis allows researchers to contextualize patterns observed between individual household contexts. This chapter will examine how household comparisons made at a multiscalar level can facilitate interpretation of past human behavior, especially with regard to household market choices within a larger community framework.Less
Recent research on early nineteenth-century slave households at James Madison’s Montpelier in Virginia has focused on comparative household assemblage analysis on a number of levels, including the local (between households in a single community), the regional (households within a market region), and the Atlantic (comparison of households between Jamaica and the Chesapeake). An important element in this comparative household analysis is scalar analysis. Scalar analysis is an analytical tool that allows archaeologists to find the most effective scale to explain patterns of material culture—whether it be at the local or Atlantic level. By addressing similarities and differences between household assemblages, scalar analysis allows researchers to contextualize patterns observed between individual household contexts. This chapter will examine how household comparisons made at a multiscalar level can facilitate interpretation of past human behavior, especially with regard to household market choices within a larger community framework.
