Cynthia Franklin, Mary Beth Harris, and Paula Allen-Meares (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195370706
- eISBN:
- 9780199893515
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195370706.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Here, readers will find an overview of violence and interpersonal conflict in schools. This Concise Companion covers the types of violence that threaten school and student safety — from bullying to ...
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Here, readers will find an overview of violence and interpersonal conflict in schools. This Concise Companion covers the types of violence that threaten school and student safety — from bullying to sexual assault to gang activity — and presents strategies to assess risk, teach conflict-resolution skills, and create a violence-free culture. Each chapter is filled with charts, checklists and cases, organized around What We Know, What We Can Do, Tools and Practice Examples, and Key Points to Remember.Less
Here, readers will find an overview of violence and interpersonal conflict in schools. This Concise Companion covers the types of violence that threaten school and student safety — from bullying to sexual assault to gang activity — and presents strategies to assess risk, teach conflict-resolution skills, and create a violence-free culture. Each chapter is filled with charts, checklists and cases, organized around What We Know, What We Can Do, Tools and Practice Examples, and Key Points to Remember.
Ted Gest
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195103434
- eISBN:
- 9780199833887
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195103432.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
Gun control has stirred intense emotions in the war on crime, even though many controls have only a marginal impact on firearms violence. Laws and their enforcement have been influenced most ...
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Gun control has stirred intense emotions in the war on crime, even though many controls have only a marginal impact on firearms violence. Laws and their enforcement have been influenced most dramatically by assassinations and mass killings rather than by careful study. The first major modern federal gun regulations were approved by Congress in 1968 after the Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr., assassinations. The National Rifle Association (NRA) worked hard to ease what it considered overly aggressive enforcement, finally succeeding with a 1986 law known as McClure‐Volkmer. The NRA offended many law enforcement leaders in the process. The combination of police support and a federal executive branch and Congress, both controlled by Democrats, helped enact two major gun control measures in 1993 and 1994: the Brady Act, which required a waiting period for handgun purchasers to enable checks of potential buyers’ records, and a ban on assault‐style weapons blamed in the deaths of police officers and others. Yet “copycat” assault weapons were manufactured, blunting the law's impact. Congress failed to enact proposed laws that would require trigger locks on handguns or to regulate gun shows, where firearms were sold with minimal regulation. The NRA argued for more enforcement of existing antigun laws, pointing to a federal program in Richmond, VA, called ‘Project Exile’.Less
Gun control has stirred intense emotions in the war on crime, even though many controls have only a marginal impact on firearms violence. Laws and their enforcement have been influenced most dramatically by assassinations and mass killings rather than by careful study. The first major modern federal gun regulations were approved by Congress in 1968 after the Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr., assassinations. The National Rifle Association (NRA) worked hard to ease what it considered overly aggressive enforcement, finally succeeding with a 1986 law known as McClure‐Volkmer. The NRA offended many law enforcement leaders in the process. The combination of police support and a federal executive branch and Congress, both controlled by Democrats, helped enact two major gun control measures in 1993 and 1994: the Brady Act, which required a waiting period for handgun purchasers to enable checks of potential buyers’ records, and a ban on assault‐style weapons blamed in the deaths of police officers and others. Yet “copycat” assault weapons were manufactured, blunting the law's impact. Congress failed to enact proposed laws that would require trigger locks on handguns or to regulate gun shows, where firearms were sold with minimal regulation. The NRA argued for more enforcement of existing antigun laws, pointing to a federal program in Richmond, VA, called ‘Project Exile’.
Keith Smith
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199239757
- eISBN:
- 9780191705151
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239757.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter discusses historical developments in the law of offences against the person. These are considered in three distinct groupings: (1) non-fatal assaults and wounding; (2) sexual offences; ...
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This chapter discusses historical developments in the law of offences against the person. These are considered in three distinct groupings: (1) non-fatal assaults and wounding; (2) sexual offences; and (3) unlawful homicide.Less
This chapter discusses historical developments in the law of offences against the person. These are considered in three distinct groupings: (1) non-fatal assaults and wounding; (2) sexual offences; and (3) unlawful homicide.
David P. Wright
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195304756
- eISBN:
- 9780199866830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304756.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This explores the compositional logic involved in creating the laws on homicide (Exodus 21:12–14), injury/assault (vv. 18–19), slave homicide (vv. 20–21), aggravated miscarriage (abortion; vv. ...
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This explores the compositional logic involved in creating the laws on homicide (Exodus 21:12–14), injury/assault (vv. 18–19), slave homicide (vv. 20–21), aggravated miscarriage (abortion; vv. 22–23), talion ("an eye for and eye," etc.; vv. 23b-25), and slave injury (vv. 26–27). It demonstrates that all of these laws are a unity based on sources in the Laws of Hammurabi. It also shows that the talion law is integrally connected to the legislation on homicide and injury, giving the requirement that one must indemnify a victim or their kin, even if the injury or homicide was accidental. The Covenant Code thus identifies and solve problems in the homicide and injury laws of its source.Less
This explores the compositional logic involved in creating the laws on homicide (Exodus 21:12–14), injury/assault (vv. 18–19), slave homicide (vv. 20–21), aggravated miscarriage (abortion; vv. 22–23), talion ("an eye for and eye," etc.; vv. 23b-25), and slave injury (vv. 26–27). It demonstrates that all of these laws are a unity based on sources in the Laws of Hammurabi. It also shows that the talion law is integrally connected to the legislation on homicide and injury, giving the requirement that one must indemnify a victim or their kin, even if the injury or homicide was accidental. The Covenant Code thus identifies and solve problems in the homicide and injury laws of its source.
Mary P. Koss
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335484
- eISBN:
- 9780199864331
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335484.003.0010
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
Chapter Abstract: Problems in the criminal justice system response to date-acquaintance rape and misdemeanor sex crimes include (a) they are erroneously viewed as minor; (b) ...
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Chapter Abstract: Problems in the criminal justice system response to date-acquaintance rape and misdemeanor sex crimes include (a) they are erroneously viewed as minor; (b) perpetrators are not held accountable undermining deterrence; and (c) standard criminal justice practice traumatizes victims. RESTORE, a restorative justice-based alternative to civil and criminal process has been implemented in Pima County, Arizona USA. The program is described including step-by-step review of process from referral to completion. Jurisprudence critiques of applying restorative justice to sexual assault are examined. RESTORE adapted numerous alterations of standard conferencing practice to respond to concerns and create a victim-driven program. Conclusions appeal to advocates and policymakers to re-envision and enlarge the means to justice available for sex crimes.Less
Chapter Abstract: Problems in the criminal justice system response to date-acquaintance rape and misdemeanor sex crimes include (a) they are erroneously viewed as minor; (b) perpetrators are not held accountable undermining deterrence; and (c) standard criminal justice practice traumatizes victims. RESTORE, a restorative justice-based alternative to civil and criminal process has been implemented in Pima County, Arizona USA. The program is described including step-by-step review of process from referral to completion. Jurisprudence critiques of applying restorative justice to sexual assault are examined. RESTORE adapted numerous alterations of standard conferencing practice to respond to concerns and create a victim-driven program. Conclusions appeal to advocates and policymakers to re-envision and enlarge the means to justice available for sex crimes.
Sameena Mulla
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479800315
- eISBN:
- 9781479878901
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479800315.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
Every year in the United States, thousands of women and hundreds of men participate in sexual assault forensic examinations. Drawing on four years of participatory research in a Baltimore emergency ...
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Every year in the United States, thousands of women and hundreds of men participate in sexual assault forensic examinations. Drawing on four years of participatory research in a Baltimore emergency room, this book reveals the realities of sexual assault response in the forensic age. It analyzes the ways in which forensic nurses work to collect and preserve evidence while addressing the needs of sexual assault victims as patients. The book considers how blending the work of care and forensic investigation into a single intervention shapes the ways that victims of violence understand their own suffering, recovery, and access to justice. As nurses race the clock to preserve biological evidence, institutional practices, technologies, and even state requirements for documentation undermine the way in which they are able to offer psychological and physical care. Yet most of the evidence they collect never reaches the courtroom and does little to increase the number of guilty verdicts. The book illustrates the violence of care with painstaking detail, illuminating why victims continue to experience what many call “secondary rape” during forensic interventions, even as forensic nursing is increasingly professionalized. Revictimization can occur even at the hands of conscientious nurses, simply because they are governed by institutional requirements that shape their practices. This book challenges the uncritical adoption of forensic practice in sexual assault intervention and post-rape care, showing how forensic intervention profoundly impacts the experiences of violence, justice, healing and recovery for victims of rape and sexual assault.Less
Every year in the United States, thousands of women and hundreds of men participate in sexual assault forensic examinations. Drawing on four years of participatory research in a Baltimore emergency room, this book reveals the realities of sexual assault response in the forensic age. It analyzes the ways in which forensic nurses work to collect and preserve evidence while addressing the needs of sexual assault victims as patients. The book considers how blending the work of care and forensic investigation into a single intervention shapes the ways that victims of violence understand their own suffering, recovery, and access to justice. As nurses race the clock to preserve biological evidence, institutional practices, technologies, and even state requirements for documentation undermine the way in which they are able to offer psychological and physical care. Yet most of the evidence they collect never reaches the courtroom and does little to increase the number of guilty verdicts. The book illustrates the violence of care with painstaking detail, illuminating why victims continue to experience what many call “secondary rape” during forensic interventions, even as forensic nursing is increasingly professionalized. Revictimization can occur even at the hands of conscientious nurses, simply because they are governed by institutional requirements that shape their practices. This book challenges the uncritical adoption of forensic practice in sexual assault intervention and post-rape care, showing how forensic intervention profoundly impacts the experiences of violence, justice, healing and recovery for victims of rape and sexual assault.
Colin G. Calloway
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195340129
- eISBN:
- 9780199867202
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340129.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
A core component of colonial projects in both the Highlands and Indian North America was to convert the tribal inhabitants, who were assumed to exist at an inferior stage of development. This chapter ...
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A core component of colonial projects in both the Highlands and Indian North America was to convert the tribal inhabitants, who were assumed to exist at an inferior stage of development. This chapter surveys depictions of tribal life in the Highlands and Indian country to illustrate how contemporaries described tribal peoples on both sides of the Atlantic in almost identical terms. It examines the attitudes and philosophies of the colonizers, their missionary and educational efforts, and the responses of Highland and Indian peoples to such conversion attempts. The Lowland-based Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge was active in mission work in both the Highlands and in Indian country. Scottish Enlightenment theories about human development exerted an important influence on emerging American Indian policy and the thinking of Thomas Jefferson.Less
A core component of colonial projects in both the Highlands and Indian North America was to convert the tribal inhabitants, who were assumed to exist at an inferior stage of development. This chapter surveys depictions of tribal life in the Highlands and Indian country to illustrate how contemporaries described tribal peoples on both sides of the Atlantic in almost identical terms. It examines the attitudes and philosophies of the colonizers, their missionary and educational efforts, and the responses of Highland and Indian peoples to such conversion attempts. The Lowland-based Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge was active in mission work in both the Highlands and in Indian country. Scottish Enlightenment theories about human development exerted an important influence on emerging American Indian policy and the thinking of Thomas Jefferson.
MARK CONNELLY
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199278602
- eISBN:
- 9780191707056
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278602.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter focuses on the spring of 1918, when the Buffs, in line with the rest of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), made preparations for an impending German assault. The transformation to ...
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This chapter focuses on the spring of 1918, when the Buffs, in line with the rest of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), made preparations for an impending German assault. The transformation to the strategic defensive represented a radical reversal from the offensive stance that had dominated the BEF since the spring of 1915, and was the result of a dramatic shift in the balance of power between the combatant nations.Less
This chapter focuses on the spring of 1918, when the Buffs, in line with the rest of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), made preparations for an impending German assault. The transformation to the strategic defensive represented a radical reversal from the offensive stance that had dominated the BEF since the spring of 1915, and was the result of a dramatic shift in the balance of power between the combatant nations.
Michelle L. Meloy and Susan L. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199765102
- eISBN:
- 9780199944187
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765102.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
In recent years much academic literature exists to educate people about crime victims' experiences and the obstacles that limit their choices and abilities to prevent or handle their victimization. ...
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In recent years much academic literature exists to educate people about crime victims' experiences and the obstacles that limit their choices and abilities to prevent or handle their victimization. Blatant victim blaming has fallen out of vogue. Laws have been enacted to reflect a movement away from victim precipitation or provocation theories. Protocols used by police and prosecutors to respond to crime victims have been revamped, reflecting a change from traditional beliefs about shared victim responsibility to a new awareness of the support a victim needs when navigating the criminal justice system. Yet despite these best efforts, victim blaming and myths about victims persist. This book presents the major debates, controversies, quagmires, unintended consequences, and unanswered questions about victims, victims' rights, and victim-centered policies. Instead of taking a more gender-neutral approach, it focuses on crimes of personal violence committed by (mostly) men against (mostly) women and girls, such as sexual assault and rape, battering, and, to a lesser extent, stalking.Less
In recent years much academic literature exists to educate people about crime victims' experiences and the obstacles that limit their choices and abilities to prevent or handle their victimization. Blatant victim blaming has fallen out of vogue. Laws have been enacted to reflect a movement away from victim precipitation or provocation theories. Protocols used by police and prosecutors to respond to crime victims have been revamped, reflecting a change from traditional beliefs about shared victim responsibility to a new awareness of the support a victim needs when navigating the criminal justice system. Yet despite these best efforts, victim blaming and myths about victims persist. This book presents the major debates, controversies, quagmires, unintended consequences, and unanswered questions about victims, victims' rights, and victim-centered policies. Instead of taking a more gender-neutral approach, it focuses on crimes of personal violence committed by (mostly) men against (mostly) women and girls, such as sexual assault and rape, battering, and, to a lesser extent, stalking.
Michelle L. Meloy and Susan L. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199765102
- eISBN:
- 9780199944187
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765102.003.0011
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Legal remedies in addition to efforts at education, prevention, and direct intervention have painstakingly become a reality in a society slow to acknowledge violence against women. Yet ...
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Legal remedies in addition to efforts at education, prevention, and direct intervention have painstakingly become a reality in a society slow to acknowledge violence against women. Yet intimate-partner violence remains a fact of life for far too many women. Not all violent relationships escalate to a murderous situation, but approximately 33% of all murdered women are killed by their husband or partner. In comparison, only 3% of all murdered men are killed by an intimate partner. Furthermore, of all the cases identified as intimate-partner homicide, three out of every four victims was a female. This chapter provides an historical overview and critique of the research on crimes of sexual and interpersonal violence committed against women: sexual assault, battering, and stalking. The findings from empirical studies presented in this chapter assist with the debunking of claims and myths about victimization.Less
Legal remedies in addition to efforts at education, prevention, and direct intervention have painstakingly become a reality in a society slow to acknowledge violence against women. Yet intimate-partner violence remains a fact of life for far too many women. Not all violent relationships escalate to a murderous situation, but approximately 33% of all murdered women are killed by their husband or partner. In comparison, only 3% of all murdered men are killed by an intimate partner. Furthermore, of all the cases identified as intimate-partner homicide, three out of every four victims was a female. This chapter provides an historical overview and critique of the research on crimes of sexual and interpersonal violence committed against women: sexual assault, battering, and stalking. The findings from empirical studies presented in this chapter assist with the debunking of claims and myths about victimization.
ALEXANDRA SHEPARD
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199299348
- eISBN:
- 9780191716614
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299348.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Violence was both a tool for enforcing the patriarchal imperatives of household and social order and one of the primary means of undermining them, either by lending weight to counter-codes of ...
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Violence was both a tool for enforcing the patriarchal imperatives of household and social order and one of the primary means of undermining them, either by lending weight to counter-codes of manhood, or, more commonly, featuring in assertions of manhood claimed independently of a patriarchal agenda. Violence was a form of discipline, a demonstration of male strength and authority, and a method of territorial demarcation. This chapter attempts to chart the boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable violence, using cases of assault in order to show how male honour codes both bolstered and countered patriarchal codes of order, depending on the context of the dispute and the status of those involved.Less
Violence was both a tool for enforcing the patriarchal imperatives of household and social order and one of the primary means of undermining them, either by lending weight to counter-codes of manhood, or, more commonly, featuring in assertions of manhood claimed independently of a patriarchal agenda. Violence was a form of discipline, a demonstration of male strength and authority, and a method of territorial demarcation. This chapter attempts to chart the boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable violence, using cases of assault in order to show how male honour codes both bolstered and countered patriarchal codes of order, depending on the context of the dispute and the status of those involved.
Kristine Stiles
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226774510
- eISBN:
- 9780226304403
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226304403.001.0001
- Subject:
- Art, Art Theory and Criticism
This book examines the significance of traumatic experiences both in the individual lives and works of artists and in contemporary international cultures since World War II. The book considers some ...
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This book examines the significance of traumatic experiences both in the individual lives and works of artists and in contemporary international cultures since World War II. The book considers some of the most notorious art of the second half of the twentieth century by artists who use their bodies to address destruction and violence. The chapters in this book focus primarily on performance art and photography. From war and environmental pollution to racism and sexual assault, the book analyzes the consequences of trauma as seen in the works of artists like Marina Abramovic, Pope.L, and Chris Burden. Assembling rich intellectual explorations on everything from Paleolithic paintings to the Bible's patriarchal legacies to documentary images of nuclear explosions, the book explores how art can provide a distinctive means of understanding trauma and promote individual and collective healing.Less
This book examines the significance of traumatic experiences both in the individual lives and works of artists and in contemporary international cultures since World War II. The book considers some of the most notorious art of the second half of the twentieth century by artists who use their bodies to address destruction and violence. The chapters in this book focus primarily on performance art and photography. From war and environmental pollution to racism and sexual assault, the book analyzes the consequences of trauma as seen in the works of artists like Marina Abramovic, Pope.L, and Chris Burden. Assembling rich intellectual explorations on everything from Paleolithic paintings to the Bible's patriarchal legacies to documentary images of nuclear explosions, the book explores how art can provide a distinctive means of understanding trauma and promote individual and collective healing.
David Finkelhor
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195342857
- eISBN:
- 9780199863631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342857.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
This chapter sketches the outlines of the field of Developmental Victimology — a field intended to help promote interest in and understanding of the broad range of victimizations that children suffer ...
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This chapter sketches the outlines of the field of Developmental Victimology — a field intended to help promote interest in and understanding of the broad range of victimizations that children suffer from, and suggest some specific lines of inquiry that such an interest should take. It contends that the problem of juvenile victimization can be addressed in many of the same comprehensive and conceptual ways that the field of juvenile delinquency has addressed the problem of juvenile offending. This chapter addresses a variety of issues: how to define and categorize and juvenile victimizations, what is known about the epidemiology of child victimization in broad terms, and how victimization changes across the developmental span of childhood.Less
This chapter sketches the outlines of the field of Developmental Victimology — a field intended to help promote interest in and understanding of the broad range of victimizations that children suffer from, and suggest some specific lines of inquiry that such an interest should take. It contends that the problem of juvenile victimization can be addressed in many of the same comprehensive and conceptual ways that the field of juvenile delinquency has addressed the problem of juvenile offending. This chapter addresses a variety of issues: how to define and categorize and juvenile victimizations, what is known about the epidemiology of child victimization in broad terms, and how victimization changes across the developmental span of childhood.
David Finkelhor
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195342857
- eISBN:
- 9780199863631
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195342857.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Crime and Justice
It is widely presumed that when a child is hit by a peer or sibling, the episodes do not have an impact in the same way in what would otherwise be considered an “assault” or a “violent crime”. But ...
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It is widely presumed that when a child is hit by a peer or sibling, the episodes do not have an impact in the same way in what would otherwise be considered an “assault” or a “violent crime”. But the basis for this is a series of assumptions that do not hold up under careful scrutiny. Research finds that younger children’s peer and sibling victimizations are indeed not less serious than the older youth on the dimensions of injury, being hit with an object that could cause injury, or being victimized on multiple occasions. Younger children and older youth also had similar trauma symptom levels associated to both peer and sibling victimization.Less
It is widely presumed that when a child is hit by a peer or sibling, the episodes do not have an impact in the same way in what would otherwise be considered an “assault” or a “violent crime”. But the basis for this is a series of assumptions that do not hold up under careful scrutiny. Research finds that younger children’s peer and sibling victimizations are indeed not less serious than the older youth on the dimensions of injury, being hit with an object that could cause injury, or being victimized on multiple occasions. Younger children and older youth also had similar trauma symptom levels associated to both peer and sibling victimization.
Susan C. Mapp
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195339710
- eISBN:
- 9780199863686
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195339710.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
The impact of war and conflict on child non-combatants is examined including the mental health impact and on their education. Girls may also face sexual assault. Children in countries such as ...
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The impact of war and conflict on child non-combatants is examined including the mental health impact and on their education. Girls may also face sexual assault. Children in countries such as Northern Ireland, Palestine, Sudan and Afghanistan experience these difficulties. Landmines and cluster bombs pose a special threat to children and international movements against their use is discussed. Child refugees face special burdens and policies to protect their rights are not always followed. The similar effects of violent neighborhoods are analyzed, particularly in the United States. Services to help children recover are discussed including a program in the West Bank of Palestine utilizing music therapy.Less
The impact of war and conflict on child non-combatants is examined including the mental health impact and on their education. Girls may also face sexual assault. Children in countries such as Northern Ireland, Palestine, Sudan and Afghanistan experience these difficulties. Landmines and cluster bombs pose a special threat to children and international movements against their use is discussed. Child refugees face special burdens and policies to protect their rights are not always followed. The similar effects of violent neighborhoods are analyzed, particularly in the United States. Services to help children recover are discussed including a program in the West Bank of Palestine utilizing music therapy.
Douglas M. MacDowell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199287192
- eISBN:
- 9780191713552
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199287192.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Prose and Writers: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Two of Demosthenes' orations are speeches for the prosecution in cases of assault. In both the opponent is said to be guilty of hybris, but that is not the formal charge. Against Konon includes ...
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Two of Demosthenes' orations are speeches for the prosecution in cases of assault. In both the opponent is said to be guilty of hybris, but that is not the formal charge. Against Konon includes skilful characterization in a prosecution for aikeia. Against Medea uses the procedure of probole to accuse Meidias of committing an offence concerning a festival by hitting Demosthenes at the Dionysia. The speech includes a long account of the hostility between them and of the seriousness of the offence. Meidias is attacked as one of a group of rich men who try to place themselves above the law. The rule of law is defended by Demosthenes also in other speeches.Less
Two of Demosthenes' orations are speeches for the prosecution in cases of assault. In both the opponent is said to be guilty of hybris, but that is not the formal charge. Against Konon includes skilful characterization in a prosecution for aikeia. Against Medea uses the procedure of probole to accuse Meidias of committing an offence concerning a festival by hitting Demosthenes at the Dionysia. The speech includes a long account of the hostility between them and of the seriousness of the offence. Meidias is attacked as one of a group of rich men who try to place themselves above the law. The rule of law is defended by Demosthenes also in other speeches.
Walter S. DeKeseredy, Molly Dragiewicz, and Martin D. Schwartz
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520285743
- eISBN:
- 9780520961159
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520285743.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This book provides scholars, students, practitioners, and policy makers with a comprehensive review of the most up-to-date social scientific literature on lethal and nonlethal forms of male-to-female ...
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This book provides scholars, students, practitioners, and policy makers with a comprehensive review of the most up-to-date social scientific literature on lethal and nonlethal forms of male-to-female violence during and after separation and divorce. Special attention is devoted to reviewing theoretical perspectives on the topic and the ways in which various technologies are used by men to hurt the women who want to leave them, have begun to emotionally separate, are trying to leave them, in the process of leaving them, or who have left them. This book also provides solutions that cover a broad range of approaches: legal and criminal justice reforms; social services; economic policies; feminist men’s efforts; and new electronic technologies. Throughout the book are the voices of women who have experienced much pain and suffering, as well as the voices of abusive men. These narratives are derived from extensive research done over the past thirty years by the three authors.Less
This book provides scholars, students, practitioners, and policy makers with a comprehensive review of the most up-to-date social scientific literature on lethal and nonlethal forms of male-to-female violence during and after separation and divorce. Special attention is devoted to reviewing theoretical perspectives on the topic and the ways in which various technologies are used by men to hurt the women who want to leave them, have begun to emotionally separate, are trying to leave them, in the process of leaving them, or who have left them. This book also provides solutions that cover a broad range of approaches: legal and criminal justice reforms; social services; economic policies; feminist men’s efforts; and new electronic technologies. Throughout the book are the voices of women who have experienced much pain and suffering, as well as the voices of abusive men. These narratives are derived from extensive research done over the past thirty years by the three authors.
John Gardner
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199239351
- eISBN:
- 9780191716959
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239351.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter uses some alleged weaknesses in the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 to explore some of the axes along which the definitions of criminal offences may defensibly vary. It argues that ...
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This chapter uses some alleged weaknesses in the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 to explore some of the axes along which the definitions of criminal offences may defensibly vary. It argues that we can defend variations not only on the axis of harms done (death, serious injury, etc.) and on the axis of mental states of the offender (intention, recklessness etc.), but also on a causal axis, i.e., between various ways of contributing to the harm that is done. The chapter also uses the alleged weaknesses of the same Act to challenge the assumption that the ideal of the rule of law is always better-served by ‘textual clarity’, i.e., by clear formulations of legal rules. It is suggested that we should sometimes favour a competing ‘moral clarity’ that makes the law accessible to and usable by people who have no familiarity with its official formulation.Less
This chapter uses some alleged weaknesses in the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 to explore some of the axes along which the definitions of criminal offences may defensibly vary. It argues that we can defend variations not only on the axis of harms done (death, serious injury, etc.) and on the axis of mental states of the offender (intention, recklessness etc.), but also on a causal axis, i.e., between various ways of contributing to the harm that is done. The chapter also uses the alleged weaknesses of the same Act to challenge the assumption that the ideal of the rule of law is always better-served by ‘textual clarity’, i.e., by clear formulations of legal rules. It is suggested that we should sometimes favour a competing ‘moral clarity’ that makes the law accessible to and usable by people who have no familiarity with its official formulation.
Bernard S. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269311
- eISBN:
- 9780191683596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269311.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies, Judaism
Exodus 21:18–27 comprises a series of casuistic paragraphs dealing with two types of ‘conflictual’ situation: quarrels between anashim which lead to blows, and the exercise of ...
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Exodus 21:18–27 comprises a series of casuistic paragraphs dealing with two types of ‘conflictual’ situation: quarrels between anashim which lead to blows, and the exercise of discipline by a master on his slave. Within the former, one also finds the talionic formula for bodily injuries. It is therefore possible to divide the material thematically: non-fatal injuries to free men; fatal and non-fatal injuries to dependants: the pregnant woman and the slave. Though this division is not watertight — one may need to speculate about the regulation of death and injuries to non-pregnant women and indeed children — it forms the basis of division of the material for this chapter. It discusses assault which occurs in the course of a quarrel — a case of intentional but unpremeditated injury.Less
Exodus 21:18–27 comprises a series of casuistic paragraphs dealing with two types of ‘conflictual’ situation: quarrels between anashim which lead to blows, and the exercise of discipline by a master on his slave. Within the former, one also finds the talionic formula for bodily injuries. It is therefore possible to divide the material thematically: non-fatal injuries to free men; fatal and non-fatal injuries to dependants: the pregnant woman and the slave. Though this division is not watertight — one may need to speculate about the regulation of death and injuries to non-pregnant women and indeed children — it forms the basis of division of the material for this chapter. It discusses assault which occurs in the course of a quarrel — a case of intentional but unpremeditated injury.
Bernard S. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269311
- eISBN:
- 9780191683596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269311.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies, Judaism
The talionic provisions of the Mishpatim are presented in the context of an assault on a pregnant woman which occurs in the course of a brawl in Exodus 21:22–25. There are many disputed points of ...
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The talionic provisions of the Mishpatim are presented in the context of an assault on a pregnant woman which occurs in the course of a brawl in Exodus 21:22–25. There are many disputed points of interpretation. Exod. 21:22–23 deals with the following indirect consequences of a brawl: first, a miscarriage; second, the death of, and perhaps other injuries to, the mother. We have the use of an unusual term, ason, here rendered ‘harm’, which is interpreted by most commentators as referring to ‘death’, but which, if so, is a hapax legomenon in the normative sources, and one which is difficult to explain. This chapter looks at the various interpretations of ason, including those by Raymond Westbrook and Shmuel Loewenstamm. Exod. 21:22–23 presents a ‘second-order’ problem, as opposed to the more typical situations contemplated by the Mishpatim.Less
The talionic provisions of the Mishpatim are presented in the context of an assault on a pregnant woman which occurs in the course of a brawl in Exodus 21:22–25. There are many disputed points of interpretation. Exod. 21:22–23 deals with the following indirect consequences of a brawl: first, a miscarriage; second, the death of, and perhaps other injuries to, the mother. We have the use of an unusual term, ason, here rendered ‘harm’, which is interpreted by most commentators as referring to ‘death’, but which, if so, is a hapax legomenon in the normative sources, and one which is difficult to explain. This chapter looks at the various interpretations of ason, including those by Raymond Westbrook and Shmuel Loewenstamm. Exod. 21:22–23 presents a ‘second-order’ problem, as opposed to the more typical situations contemplated by the Mishpatim.
