Glenn Adamson and Giorgio Riello
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265321
- eISBN:
- 9780191760495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265321.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, Historiography
This chapter considers objects as displayed in museums, architecture, and consumer goods. It unwraps the meanings of a Japanese suit of armour in the Tower of London, and then moves on to discuss the ...
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This chapter considers objects as displayed in museums, architecture, and consumer goods. It unwraps the meanings of a Japanese suit of armour in the Tower of London, and then moves on to discuss the hybrid architecture and design of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, known in the West as the Victoria Terminus in Mumbai. In a final example, the case of football and soccer evokes debates on globalization and the global condition.Less
This chapter considers objects as displayed in museums, architecture, and consumer goods. It unwraps the meanings of a Japanese suit of armour in the Tower of London, and then moves on to discuss the hybrid architecture and design of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, known in the West as the Victoria Terminus in Mumbai. In a final example, the case of football and soccer evokes debates on globalization and the global condition.
Graeme D. Ruxton, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528609
- eISBN:
- 9780191713392
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528609.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
Secondary defences act after predators have successfully detected and recognized prey; they seek to dissuade the predator from attacking and/or increase the likelihood of the prey surviving the ...
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Secondary defences act after predators have successfully detected and recognized prey; they seek to dissuade the predator from attacking and/or increase the likelihood of the prey surviving the attack. These defences are generally physical (armour, spines, thorns) or chemical (toxins, venom, irritants). This chapter examines on the costs of different defences and how these toxins are likely to impact on the evolution of defences.Less
Secondary defences act after predators have successfully detected and recognized prey; they seek to dissuade the predator from attacking and/or increase the likelihood of the prey surviving the attack. These defences are generally physical (armour, spines, thorns) or chemical (toxins, venom, irritants). This chapter examines on the costs of different defences and how these toxins are likely to impact on the evolution of defences.
George F. Hofmann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124032
- eISBN:
- 9780813134819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124032.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of the book, which is about the history of the mechanization of the U.S. Army horse cavalry during the first half of the twentieth century. The book ...
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This introductory chapter explains the coverage of the book, which is about the history of the mechanization of the U.S. Army horse cavalry during the first half of the twentieth century. The book examines the changes in the cavalry doctrine during this period, the untold story of the first mechanized cavalry theorist Frank Parker, and the Army Organization Act which merged the cavalry with the armor branch. It also highlights of the role of Fort Knox in Kentucky, where new ideas had germinated at times and been discussed with German staff officers who visited the base in the 1930s.Less
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of the book, which is about the history of the mechanization of the U.S. Army horse cavalry during the first half of the twentieth century. The book examines the changes in the cavalry doctrine during this period, the untold story of the first mechanized cavalry theorist Frank Parker, and the Army Organization Act which merged the cavalry with the armor branch. It also highlights of the role of Fort Knox in Kentucky, where new ideas had germinated at times and been discussed with German staff officers who visited the base in the 1930s.
Gregory F. Viggiano and Hans Van Wees
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691143019
- eISBN:
- 9781400846306
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691143019.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter examines hoplite equipment. Although elements of the bronze panoply associated with the classical hoplite began to appear in the late eighth century, what set the hoplite apart from his ...
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This chapter examines hoplite equipment. Although elements of the bronze panoply associated with the classical hoplite began to appear in the late eighth century, what set the hoplite apart from his predecessors was above all his distinctive heavy wooden shield with a double handle, which is first attested circa 700 BC. This date may therefore be regarded as the beginning of the hoplite era. The shield has a central metal armband (the porpax), through which the bearer thrust his left forearm up to the elbow, and a hand grip (antilabe), at the rim of the shield, that he grasped with his left hand. A great deal of the debate about the origins of the classical phalanx centers on what the adoption of this type of shield might imply about the nature of hoplite fighting and battle formations.Less
This chapter examines hoplite equipment. Although elements of the bronze panoply associated with the classical hoplite began to appear in the late eighth century, what set the hoplite apart from his predecessors was above all his distinctive heavy wooden shield with a double handle, which is first attested circa 700 BC. This date may therefore be regarded as the beginning of the hoplite era. The shield has a central metal armband (the porpax), through which the bearer thrust his left forearm up to the elbow, and a hand grip (antilabe), at the rim of the shield, that he grasped with his left hand. A great deal of the debate about the origins of the classical phalanx centers on what the adoption of this type of shield might imply about the nature of hoplite fighting and battle formations.
John R. Hale
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691143019
- eISBN:
- 9781400846306
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691143019.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
This chapter argues that neither the leisured class of aristocrats who vied for high social and political status within the polis nor the middling citizen soldiers who defended their farmland ...
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This chapter argues that neither the leisured class of aristocrats who vied for high social and political status within the polis nor the middling citizen soldiers who defended their farmland provides the origins of archaic Greek arms and tactics. Instead, the chapter suggests looking for the first hoplites fighting as mercenaries in the service of Eastern monarchs in areas such as Syria, Egypt, and Babylon. These soldiers of fortune fought in search of gain and glory, not to defend a civic ideology or ethos. Evidence for this thesis can be found in lyric poetry and in inscriptions, pottery, and the remains of hoplite armor discovered outside Greece. Here, the mercenary service is considered the “Main Event” of Greek military history in the seventh century, in contrast to the sporadic battles between poleis.Less
This chapter argues that neither the leisured class of aristocrats who vied for high social and political status within the polis nor the middling citizen soldiers who defended their farmland provides the origins of archaic Greek arms and tactics. Instead, the chapter suggests looking for the first hoplites fighting as mercenaries in the service of Eastern monarchs in areas such as Syria, Egypt, and Babylon. These soldiers of fortune fought in search of gain and glory, not to defend a civic ideology or ethos. Evidence for this thesis can be found in lyric poetry and in inscriptions, pottery, and the remains of hoplite armor discovered outside Greece. Here, the mercenary service is considered the “Main Event” of Greek military history in the seventh century, in contrast to the sporadic battles between poleis.
S. P. Mackenzie
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205777
- eISBN:
- 9780191676789
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205777.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
This chapter examines the preparation of the Local Defence Volunteer (LDV) or the Home Guard during the summer of 1940. The commander in chief of the Home Forces Edmund Ironside grouped the LDV into ...
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This chapter examines the preparation of the Local Defence Volunteer (LDV) or the Home Guard during the summer of 1940. The commander in chief of the Home Forces Edmund Ironside grouped the LDV into 22 infantry divisions and one armoured division for anti-invasion roles. Ironside acknowledged the weakness of the Home Guard but he was immensely stirred by their patriotic enthusiasm. This chapter also discusses some of the problems in terms of the discipline and training of the volunteers.Less
This chapter examines the preparation of the Local Defence Volunteer (LDV) or the Home Guard during the summer of 1940. The commander in chief of the Home Forces Edmund Ironside grouped the LDV into 22 infantry divisions and one armoured division for anti-invasion roles. Ironside acknowledged the weakness of the Home Guard but he was immensely stirred by their patriotic enthusiasm. This chapter also discusses some of the problems in terms of the discipline and training of the volunteers.
Robert E. Sheridan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823232864
- eISBN:
- 9780823240777
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823232864.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
One week after Union forces secured a beachhead at Eltham's Landing on the York River, Union gunboats assailed Drewry's Bluff on the James River in the first major confrontation between iron-armored ...
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One week after Union forces secured a beachhead at Eltham's Landing on the York River, Union gunboats assailed Drewry's Bluff on the James River in the first major confrontation between iron-armored warships and shore fortifications. After the perceived success of the USS Monitor against the Merrimack/Virginia in Hampton Roads in March, the Union secretary of the navy, Gideon Welles, and the assistant secretary, Gustavus Fox, had great expectations that armored warships could defeat coastal forts. These expectations were diminished, but not destroyed, in mid-May 1862 when a five-ship flotilla that included three armored vessels endured a humiliating repulse at Drewry's Bluff just seven miles down the James River from Richmond. The Union attack on Drewry's Bluff not only demonstrated the limitations of attacking forts with ships alone, it also exposed the weakness of army and navy forces acting independently rather than as part of a coordinated campaign. This chapter first summarizes the battle as it was fought, and then suggests how things might have gone quite differently if instead the military and naval leaders had been more open to the notion of a combined operation. The fact that these lessons were ignored says much about the communications gulf between the army and navy in 1862 and the consequent difficulty of effecting combined operations.Less
One week after Union forces secured a beachhead at Eltham's Landing on the York River, Union gunboats assailed Drewry's Bluff on the James River in the first major confrontation between iron-armored warships and shore fortifications. After the perceived success of the USS Monitor against the Merrimack/Virginia in Hampton Roads in March, the Union secretary of the navy, Gideon Welles, and the assistant secretary, Gustavus Fox, had great expectations that armored warships could defeat coastal forts. These expectations were diminished, but not destroyed, in mid-May 1862 when a five-ship flotilla that included three armored vessels endured a humiliating repulse at Drewry's Bluff just seven miles down the James River from Richmond. The Union attack on Drewry's Bluff not only demonstrated the limitations of attacking forts with ships alone, it also exposed the weakness of army and navy forces acting independently rather than as part of a coordinated campaign. This chapter first summarizes the battle as it was fought, and then suggests how things might have gone quite differently if instead the military and naval leaders had been more open to the notion of a combined operation. The fact that these lessons were ignored says much about the communications gulf between the army and navy in 1862 and the consequent difficulty of effecting combined operations.
Richard J. Garrett
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099937
- eISBN:
- 9789882206809
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099937.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines the artillery in Macau during the nineteenth century. Macau has light machine guns and armoured cars equipped with BESA machine guns. This chapter describes the specifications ...
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This chapter examines the artillery in Macau during the nineteenth century. Macau has light machine guns and armoured cars equipped with BESA machine guns. This chapter describes the specifications of Macau's artillery and provides relevant photographs. It suggests that it is indeed fortunate that much of Macau's fortifications have survived along with some interesting examples of the guns that armed them.Less
This chapter examines the artillery in Macau during the nineteenth century. Macau has light machine guns and armoured cars equipped with BESA machine guns. This chapter describes the specifications of Macau's artillery and provides relevant photographs. It suggests that it is indeed fortunate that much of Macau's fortifications have survived along with some interesting examples of the guns that armed them.
Michael E. Lynch
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813177984
- eISBN:
- 9780813177991
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813177984.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Military History
After more than a year of training, Almond and the 92nd Infantry Division deployed to Italy, . where it initially performed well. The 370th Infantry Regiment led the way to Italy, and paired with the ...
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After more than a year of training, Almond and the 92nd Infantry Division deployed to Italy, . where it initially performed well. The 370th Infantry Regiment led the way to Italy, and paired with the 1st Armored Division for its introduction to combat. The regiment acquitted itself well in its initial combat experience, but the other two regiments did not fare as well. Along with the arrival of the rest of the division and the nondivisional units that would support it, Almond gained the 366th Infantry Regiment, another African American regiment that had been used to guard airbases. The addition of this unit, and its own lack comprehension proved to be a disruptive influence in the division. This chapter also carries the story of personal tragedy, as Almond discovers that his son in law has been killed in combat.Less
After more than a year of training, Almond and the 92nd Infantry Division deployed to Italy, . where it initially performed well. The 370th Infantry Regiment led the way to Italy, and paired with the 1st Armored Division for its introduction to combat. The regiment acquitted itself well in its initial combat experience, but the other two regiments did not fare as well. Along with the arrival of the rest of the division and the nondivisional units that would support it, Almond gained the 366th Infantry Regiment, another African American regiment that had been used to guard airbases. The addition of this unit, and its own lack comprehension proved to be a disruptive influence in the division. This chapter also carries the story of personal tragedy, as Almond discovers that his son in law has been killed in combat.
Ross Hassig
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520077348
- eISBN:
- 9780520912281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520077348.003.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Latin American Cultural Anthropology
This book discusses Mesoamerica's military past. It also explores the role of war in Mesoamerican societies. It then places military matters in a broader social and historical context to show their ...
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This book discusses Mesoamerica's military past. It also explores the role of war in Mesoamerican societies. It then places military matters in a broader social and historical context to show their role in individual societies and in creating and maintaining Mesoamerica as a culture area, thereby providing the indispensable basis for linking and integrating much of the region. There are three major ways to structure a book such as this: thematic, evidentiary, and chronological. The thematic approach focuses on separate topics in isolation, such as arms and armor or tactics, which highlight specific developments, but at the cost of an overall view of societies. The evidentiary approach builds from the strongest data, beginning with the best documented Mesoamerican society—the Aztecs—whose military practices can be discussed with relative certainty, and then modifies this information and interprets earlier cultures in light of it. The chronological approach emphasizes sequential development.Less
This book discusses Mesoamerica's military past. It also explores the role of war in Mesoamerican societies. It then places military matters in a broader social and historical context to show their role in individual societies and in creating and maintaining Mesoamerica as a culture area, thereby providing the indispensable basis for linking and integrating much of the region. There are three major ways to structure a book such as this: thematic, evidentiary, and chronological. The thematic approach focuses on separate topics in isolation, such as arms and armor or tactics, which highlight specific developments, but at the cost of an overall view of societies. The evidentiary approach builds from the strongest data, beginning with the best documented Mesoamerican society—the Aztecs—whose military practices can be discussed with relative certainty, and then modifies this information and interprets earlier cultures in light of it. The chronological approach emphasizes sequential development.
Anthony Snodgrass
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748623334
- eISBN:
- 9780748653577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623334.003.0014
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
Whether at Panhellenic sanctuaries — Olympia, Delphi, Delos — or at city and ethnos sanctuaries — Lindos, Perachora, Isthmia, the Argive and Samian Heraea, the Athenian Acropolis, Pherae — there is a ...
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Whether at Panhellenic sanctuaries — Olympia, Delphi, Delos — or at city and ethnos sanctuaries — Lindos, Perachora, Isthmia, the Argive and Samian Heraea, the Athenian Acropolis, Pherae — there is a very marked preponderance in the number of small dedications of geometric and archaic date, by comparison with those of later times. This profligacy of dedication was not a practice of time-honoured antiquity: in most cases, it had itself only come into being in the course of the eighth century BC. We are thus dealing initially with an episode that is roughly co-terminous with the archaic period of Greece. We must immediately concede that it is a phenomenon which relates entirely to preserved dedications. Parallel patterns of dedication, with a climax in the seventh and sixth centuries BC and a decline thereafter, can be observed in other categories of dedication, such as metal armour and weapons. At Olympia, for example, we have also a rich series of helmets which have been well studied.Less
Whether at Panhellenic sanctuaries — Olympia, Delphi, Delos — or at city and ethnos sanctuaries — Lindos, Perachora, Isthmia, the Argive and Samian Heraea, the Athenian Acropolis, Pherae — there is a very marked preponderance in the number of small dedications of geometric and archaic date, by comparison with those of later times. This profligacy of dedication was not a practice of time-honoured antiquity: in most cases, it had itself only come into being in the course of the eighth century BC. We are thus dealing initially with an episode that is roughly co-terminous with the archaic period of Greece. We must immediately concede that it is a phenomenon which relates entirely to preserved dedications. Parallel patterns of dedication, with a climax in the seventh and sixth centuries BC and a decline thereafter, can be observed in other categories of dedication, such as metal armour and weapons. At Olympia, for example, we have also a rich series of helmets which have been well studied.
Anthony Snodgrass
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748623334
- eISBN:
- 9780748653577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623334.003.0017
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
‘The unparalleled nature of the find’ of the Panoply Tomb at Argos has now been qualified by the excavation of two other contemporary burials at the site, with helmets and other weapons. This chapter ...
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‘The unparalleled nature of the find’ of the Panoply Tomb at Argos has now been qualified by the excavation of two other contemporary burials at the site, with helmets and other weapons. This chapter examines the archaeological evidence for the use of hoplites by Etruscans, Romans, and Greeks in warfare, as well as their possible effects on military tactics, in the critical period of the eighth and seventh centuries BC. The equipment of arms and armour, which modern writers tend to group together as the ‘hoplite panoply’, was originally a motley assemblage. The combination of all these and other elements together was an original Greek notion; as was their later association with a novel form of massed infantry tactics, the phalanx. The hoplite reform and the path to power of the early tyrants are subjects which impinge on one another in several cases, but the relationship of the two events may have to be reconsidered.Less
‘The unparalleled nature of the find’ of the Panoply Tomb at Argos has now been qualified by the excavation of two other contemporary burials at the site, with helmets and other weapons. This chapter examines the archaeological evidence for the use of hoplites by Etruscans, Romans, and Greeks in warfare, as well as their possible effects on military tactics, in the critical period of the eighth and seventh centuries BC. The equipment of arms and armour, which modern writers tend to group together as the ‘hoplite panoply’, was originally a motley assemblage. The combination of all these and other elements together was an original Greek notion; as was their later association with a novel form of massed infantry tactics, the phalanx. The hoplite reform and the path to power of the early tyrants are subjects which impinge on one another in several cases, but the relationship of the two events may have to be reconsidered.
Anthony Snodgrass
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748623334
- eISBN:
- 9780748653577
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623334.003.0019
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
In classical Athens, someone in each community would be charged with the duty of mustering a given number of hoplites from their district. In his analysis of the Homeric battle scenes, Joachim Latacz ...
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In classical Athens, someone in each community would be charged with the duty of mustering a given number of hoplites from their district. In his analysis of the Homeric battle scenes, Joachim Latacz cites the Homeric poems. His thesis won important support from historians and archaeologists: the implication was that any such episode as a ‘hoplite reform’, if indeed it had happened at all, did so at an earlier date than previously assumed, in time for its effects to permeate the text of the Iliad. This chapter argues that there is a substantial class of evidence, that of the actual surviving pieces of armour dedicated at Olympia and other sanctuaries, which is more robust than either new textual interpretations of Homer, or new readings of battle scenes in art. It argues that the systematic use of a pitched battle formation like the later phalanx, with tactics like those of the later synaspismos, has no part in hoplite warfare.Less
In classical Athens, someone in each community would be charged with the duty of mustering a given number of hoplites from their district. In his analysis of the Homeric battle scenes, Joachim Latacz cites the Homeric poems. His thesis won important support from historians and archaeologists: the implication was that any such episode as a ‘hoplite reform’, if indeed it had happened at all, did so at an earlier date than previously assumed, in time for its effects to permeate the text of the Iliad. This chapter argues that there is a substantial class of evidence, that of the actual surviving pieces of armour dedicated at Olympia and other sanctuaries, which is more robust than either new textual interpretations of Homer, or new readings of battle scenes in art. It argues that the systematic use of a pitched battle formation like the later phalanx, with tactics like those of the later synaspismos, has no part in hoplite warfare.
William T. Bowers and John T. Greenwood
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813134529
- eISBN:
- 9780813135991
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813134529.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter follows the operations of Battery B, 999th Armored Field Artillery Battalion, in its efforts to support the Republic of Korea 1st Division during the opening days of the Spring ...
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This chapter follows the operations of Battery B, 999th Armored Field Artillery Battalion, in its efforts to support the Republic of Korea 1st Division during the opening days of the Spring Offensive. A Communist attack hit the ROK 1st division of the US 1 Corps hard and the Armored Field Artillery Battalion, an African American organization, reinforced the unit. The extensive accounts of the ambush and response, coupled with maps and illustrations, provide a complete picture of the Battery B unit, which continued to be an effective fighting organization even after the attack.Less
This chapter follows the operations of Battery B, 999th Armored Field Artillery Battalion, in its efforts to support the Republic of Korea 1st Division during the opening days of the Spring Offensive. A Communist attack hit the ROK 1st division of the US 1 Corps hard and the Armored Field Artillery Battalion, an African American organization, reinforced the unit. The extensive accounts of the ambush and response, coupled with maps and illustrations, provide a complete picture of the Battery B unit, which continued to be an effective fighting organization even after the attack.
William T. Bowers and John T. Greenwood
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780813134529
- eISBN:
- 9780813135991
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813134529.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter details the classic fight of the well-prepared 92d Armored Field Artillery Battalion to hold the flank of the 1st Marine Division after the ROK 6th Division collapsed. Several artillery ...
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This chapter details the classic fight of the well-prepared 92d Armored Field Artillery Battalion to hold the flank of the 1st Marine Division after the ROK 6th Division collapsed. Several artillery units of the US Marine Division were exposed after the Chinese attack on the ROK 6th Division. The armored vehicles in the Artillery Battalion generated enormous firepower to protect the soldiers. The Chinese attempted to surprise the armies, but were discovered. They began attacking from the high ground anyway, but the 92d Battalion stymied the offensive. The troops gained confidence in themselves and their support.Less
This chapter details the classic fight of the well-prepared 92d Armored Field Artillery Battalion to hold the flank of the 1st Marine Division after the ROK 6th Division collapsed. Several artillery units of the US Marine Division were exposed after the Chinese attack on the ROK 6th Division. The armored vehicles in the Artillery Battalion generated enormous firepower to protect the soldiers. The Chinese attempted to surprise the armies, but were discovered. They began attacking from the high ground anyway, but the 92d Battalion stymied the offensive. The troops gained confidence in themselves and their support.
Jacob P. Dalton
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231176002
- eISBN:
- 9780231541176
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231176002.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter looks at the place of the Gathering of Intentions within the larger development of tantric Buddhism and Nupchen Sangyé Yeshé’s late ninth-century Tibetan commentary, the Armor against ...
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This chapter looks at the place of the Gathering of Intentions within the larger development of tantric Buddhism and Nupchen Sangyé Yeshé’s late ninth-century Tibetan commentary, the Armor against Darkness.Less
This chapter looks at the place of the Gathering of Intentions within the larger development of tantric Buddhism and Nupchen Sangyé Yeshé’s late ninth-century Tibetan commentary, the Armor against Darkness.
Richard Hilton
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233157
- eISBN:
- 9780520928459
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233157.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
One of the most geologically complex and diverse states California spent much of the age of dinosaurs under water. While most of the fossils found in the state are those of reptiles that lived in the ...
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One of the most geologically complex and diverse states California spent much of the age of dinosaurs under water. While most of the fossils found in the state are those of reptiles that lived in the sea (thalattosaurs, ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and turtles), some are those of birds and pterosaurs that soared above it. Other fossils come from terrestrial animals that died and were washed into the ocean. These include turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and dinosaurs such as armored ankylosaurs, duck-billed hadrosaurs, and a variety of carnivorous dinosaurs. This book tells the unsung story of the dinosaurs and reptiles of land, sea, and sky that lived in California and Baja California during the Mesozoic era (245 million–65 million years ago), in addition to the history of their discovery. This book provides geological and environmental details, describes the significance of the major fossils, and chronicles the adventures involved in the discovery, preparation, and publishing of the finds. The book also includes accounts of the scientists, teachers, students, ranchers, and weekend fossil hunters who endured (and continue to endure) harsh weather, fires, wild animals, and the usual challenges of fieldwork to collect fossil remains and make major discoveries. These enthusiasts managed to safeguard an abundance of fossil resources, some of which would otherwise have been destroyed by quarrying, paving, and housing developments.Less
One of the most geologically complex and diverse states California spent much of the age of dinosaurs under water. While most of the fossils found in the state are those of reptiles that lived in the sea (thalattosaurs, ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and turtles), some are those of birds and pterosaurs that soared above it. Other fossils come from terrestrial animals that died and were washed into the ocean. These include turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and dinosaurs such as armored ankylosaurs, duck-billed hadrosaurs, and a variety of carnivorous dinosaurs. This book tells the unsung story of the dinosaurs and reptiles of land, sea, and sky that lived in California and Baja California during the Mesozoic era (245 million–65 million years ago), in addition to the history of their discovery. This book provides geological and environmental details, describes the significance of the major fossils, and chronicles the adventures involved in the discovery, preparation, and publishing of the finds. The book also includes accounts of the scientists, teachers, students, ranchers, and weekend fossil hunters who endured (and continue to endure) harsh weather, fires, wild animals, and the usual challenges of fieldwork to collect fossil remains and make major discoveries. These enthusiasts managed to safeguard an abundance of fossil resources, some of which would otherwise have been destroyed by quarrying, paving, and housing developments.
General Donn A. Starry
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124032
- eISBN:
- 9780813134819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124032.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter concerns the mechanization of cavalry in the U.S. Army after World War I. It discusses the early mechanization experiments, the mechanization of horse cavalry units for service, and the ...
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This chapter concerns the mechanization of cavalry in the U.S. Army after World War I. It discusses the early mechanization experiments, the mechanization of horse cavalry units for service, and the merger of the cavalry and armor divisions in 1950. The chapter also explores the history of the development of mechanized forces in the whole of the U.S. Army, from the advent of tanks in battle in the 1914–1918 war to the end of Desert Storm in 1991.Less
This chapter concerns the mechanization of cavalry in the U.S. Army after World War I. It discusses the early mechanization experiments, the mechanization of horse cavalry units for service, and the merger of the cavalry and armor divisions in 1950. The chapter also explores the history of the development of mechanized forces in the whole of the U.S. Army, from the advent of tanks in battle in the 1914–1918 war to the end of Desert Storm in 1991.
William C. Sylvan and Francis G. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125251
- eISBN:
- 9780813135038
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125251.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter reports that at 0936 on July 25, 1944, the first of nine groups of four P-47s each approached the target from over St Lô and whipped down through a clear sky to plaster the road and the ...
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This chapter reports that at 0936 on July 25, 1944, the first of nine groups of four P-47s each approached the target from over St Lô and whipped down through a clear sky to plaster the road and the ground just south of it. It further reports that not a moment too soon, the sky was filled with the weary, ear-filling drone of B-24s where AA fire came up to meet them. The chapter notes that on July 26, the radio announced the death of General McNair due to “enemy fire” in Normandy. It accounts advances by the 8th Div to the La Feuillie–Peters, the 2nd Armored to the south with three columns—left within 2000 yards of Tessy sur Vire, the 30th Div to the south along the west bank of the Vire to secure the Corps' left flank.Less
This chapter reports that at 0936 on July 25, 1944, the first of nine groups of four P-47s each approached the target from over St Lô and whipped down through a clear sky to plaster the road and the ground just south of it. It further reports that not a moment too soon, the sky was filled with the weary, ear-filling drone of B-24s where AA fire came up to meet them. The chapter notes that on July 26, the radio announced the death of General McNair due to “enemy fire” in Normandy. It accounts advances by the 8th Div to the La Feuillie–Peters, the 2nd Armored to the south with three columns—left within 2000 yards of Tessy sur Vire, the 30th Div to the south along the west bank of the Vire to secure the Corps' left flank.
Oliver H. Creighton, Duncan W. Wright, Michael Fradley, and Steven Trick
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781781382424
- eISBN:
- 9781786943996
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781382424.003.0006
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter considers military apparel in in the mid-twelfth century and explores the interrelationship between changes in arms and armour and the creation of knightly identities. Outwardly, the ...
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This chapter considers military apparel in in the mid-twelfth century and explores the interrelationship between changes in arms and armour and the creation of knightly identities. Outwardly, the mid-twelfth century knight looked quite similar to the Norman warriors depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry, although with some subtle differences. By the 1130s and 40s the knight was a little better protected with mail covering more of the bodily extremities. A slightly wider range of military personnel would have been armoured, and minor stylistic differences are distinguishable in showier swords, shields, spurs and scabbards. More important in the actual prosecution of warfare was the changing use of the crossbow, which saw widespread use alongside ‘armour-piercing’ bodkin-type arrowheads. The battles of the period were also the first major military clashes in England where heraldic display was visible — in particular on banners and shields, but also more subtly on horse harness pendants. Such devices created a new means for displaying knightly allegiance, rank and affinities to elite social networks.Less
This chapter considers military apparel in in the mid-twelfth century and explores the interrelationship between changes in arms and armour and the creation of knightly identities. Outwardly, the mid-twelfth century knight looked quite similar to the Norman warriors depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry, although with some subtle differences. By the 1130s and 40s the knight was a little better protected with mail covering more of the bodily extremities. A slightly wider range of military personnel would have been armoured, and minor stylistic differences are distinguishable in showier swords, shields, spurs and scabbards. More important in the actual prosecution of warfare was the changing use of the crossbow, which saw widespread use alongside ‘armour-piercing’ bodkin-type arrowheads. The battles of the period were also the first major military clashes in England where heraldic display was visible — in particular on banners and shields, but also more subtly on horse harness pendants. Such devices created a new means for displaying knightly allegiance, rank and affinities to elite social networks.
