T. C. W. BLANNING
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198227458
- eISBN:
- 9780191678707
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227458.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History, Cultural History
This chapter describes the pole position enjoyed by creative artists, such as painters, architects, musicians, and actors and actresses, during a time, around the 17th century, when culture placed a ...
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This chapter describes the pole position enjoyed by creative artists, such as painters, architects, musicians, and actors and actresses, during a time, around the 17th century, when culture placed a high value on visual representation. The development of individualism in the Italian Renaissance and the sharp competition among patrons lifted painters and architects out of the anonymity and handicrafts status of the guild tradition. This chapter also examines the salaries and lifestyles of these artists, particularly of the musicians Haydn, Mozart, Frederick, and Lully. The ideal situation during this period — and indeed any other period — was for a patron to combine munificence with respect and for the artist to feel comfortable with the demands placed on him. Lastly, this chapter notes that during this period, the courtly absolutist culture which had reached its apogee with Louis XIV’s Versailles seemed to have run out of steam.Less
This chapter describes the pole position enjoyed by creative artists, such as painters, architects, musicians, and actors and actresses, during a time, around the 17th century, when culture placed a high value on visual representation. The development of individualism in the Italian Renaissance and the sharp competition among patrons lifted painters and architects out of the anonymity and handicrafts status of the guild tradition. This chapter also examines the salaries and lifestyles of these artists, particularly of the musicians Haydn, Mozart, Frederick, and Lully. The ideal situation during this period — and indeed any other period — was for a patron to combine munificence with respect and for the artist to feel comfortable with the demands placed on him. Lastly, this chapter notes that during this period, the courtly absolutist culture which had reached its apogee with Louis XIV’s Versailles seemed to have run out of steam.
Harry Blustein
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992897
- eISBN:
- 9781526104311
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992897.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
The ascent of globalisation captures the sweeping drama of postwar globalisation through intimate portraits of twenty of its key architects. These profiles provide insights into what inspired these ...
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The ascent of globalisation captures the sweeping drama of postwar globalisation through intimate portraits of twenty of its key architects. These profiles provide insights into what inspired these pioneers of globalisation — the beliefs they each imbibed in their youth, the formative experiences that shaped their ideas and their contributions to the global architecture. Engaging anecdotes and telling personal details, many of which have never been told, enliven each of the stories, as well as the behind-the-scenes dramas that accompanied the creation of institutions such as the World Bank, IMF, UN and World Trade Organization and the informal governance structures that are part of the postwar global architecture. Their legacies are critically examined, both their successes and their disappointments: a global financial system that is fragile and unstable; an international trading system that is unfair; the unintended consequences of largely unregulated transnational capital; and dysfunction that plagues institutions like the European Union and the United Nations. The book ends by examining what implications the flawed architecture may have for the future of globalisation.Less
The ascent of globalisation captures the sweeping drama of postwar globalisation through intimate portraits of twenty of its key architects. These profiles provide insights into what inspired these pioneers of globalisation — the beliefs they each imbibed in their youth, the formative experiences that shaped their ideas and their contributions to the global architecture. Engaging anecdotes and telling personal details, many of which have never been told, enliven each of the stories, as well as the behind-the-scenes dramas that accompanied the creation of institutions such as the World Bank, IMF, UN and World Trade Organization and the informal governance structures that are part of the postwar global architecture. Their legacies are critically examined, both their successes and their disappointments: a global financial system that is fragile and unstable; an international trading system that is unfair; the unintended consequences of largely unregulated transnational capital; and dysfunction that plagues institutions like the European Union and the United Nations. The book ends by examining what implications the flawed architecture may have for the future of globalisation.
Daniel Freund
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226262819
- eISBN:
- 9780226262833
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226262833.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
In the second half of the nineteenth century, American cities began to go dark. Hulking new buildings overspread blocks, pollution obscured the skies, and glass and smog screened out the ...
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In the second half of the nineteenth century, American cities began to go dark. Hulking new buildings overspread blocks, pollution obscured the skies, and glass and smog screened out the health-giving rays of the sun. Doctors fed fears about these new conditions with claims about a rising tide of the “diseases of darkness,” especially rickets and tuberculosis. This book tracks the obsession with sunlight from those bleak days into the twentieth century. Before long, social reformers, medical professionals, scientists, and a growing nudist movement proffered remedies for America's new dark age. Architects, city planners, and politicians made access to sunlight central to public housing and public health, and entrepreneurs, dairymen, and tourism boosters transformed the pursuit of sunlight and its effects into a commodity. Within this historical context, the book examines questions about the commodification of health and nature and makes a contribution to the histories of cities, consumerism, the environment, and medicine.Less
In the second half of the nineteenth century, American cities began to go dark. Hulking new buildings overspread blocks, pollution obscured the skies, and glass and smog screened out the health-giving rays of the sun. Doctors fed fears about these new conditions with claims about a rising tide of the “diseases of darkness,” especially rickets and tuberculosis. This book tracks the obsession with sunlight from those bleak days into the twentieth century. Before long, social reformers, medical professionals, scientists, and a growing nudist movement proffered remedies for America's new dark age. Architects, city planners, and politicians made access to sunlight central to public housing and public health, and entrepreneurs, dairymen, and tourism boosters transformed the pursuit of sunlight and its effects into a commodity. Within this historical context, the book examines questions about the commodification of health and nature and makes a contribution to the histories of cities, consumerism, the environment, and medicine.
Peter Howell
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199510177
- eISBN:
- 9780191700972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199510177.003.0030
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
During the 19th and early 20th century, Oxford University was fortunate to have plentiful money to hire first-rate architects. It may seem more surprising that academic bodies, not generally reckoned ...
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During the 19th and early 20th century, Oxford University was fortunate to have plentiful money to hire first-rate architects. It may seem more surprising that academic bodies, not generally reckoned to be the most satisfactory clients, should so often have been such enthusiastic patrons, but it will be seen that this was indeed the case, and the buoyant confidence of the architects met its match in the informed and trusting support of the clients. The extensive and distinguished Georgian building campaigns which had, as Sir Howard Colvin points out, ‘put Oxford for the first time since the Reformation in the forefront of English architecture’, were largely over by the last quarter of the 18th century, and the first quarter of the 19th century was equally quiet. The only major project was the construction of new premises for Magdalen Hall in Catte Street. The buildings were designed by William Garbett, who had dealings with Magdalen as Surveyor to Winchester Cathedral; despite this, they were in a handsome classical style.Less
During the 19th and early 20th century, Oxford University was fortunate to have plentiful money to hire first-rate architects. It may seem more surprising that academic bodies, not generally reckoned to be the most satisfactory clients, should so often have been such enthusiastic patrons, but it will be seen that this was indeed the case, and the buoyant confidence of the architects met its match in the informed and trusting support of the clients. The extensive and distinguished Georgian building campaigns which had, as Sir Howard Colvin points out, ‘put Oxford for the first time since the Reformation in the forefront of English architecture’, were largely over by the last quarter of the 18th century, and the first quarter of the 19th century was equally quiet. The only major project was the construction of new premises for Magdalen Hall in Catte Street. The buildings were designed by William Garbett, who had dealings with Magdalen as Surveyor to Winchester Cathedral; despite this, they were in a handsome classical style.
Fred Dallmayr
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125718
- eISBN:
- 9780813135397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125718.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
William James presented his Gifford Lectures on The Varieties of Religious Experience in Edinburgh in 1901–1902. As concrete states of mind, made up of a feeling plus a specific sort of object, ...
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William James presented his Gifford Lectures on The Varieties of Religious Experience in Edinburgh in 1901–1902. As concrete states of mind, made up of a feeling plus a specific sort of object, religious emotions are psychic entities distinguishable from other concrete emotions—although there is no ground to assume a uniform sense of religious emotion. To the extent it persisted, religious belief—rather than finding the sacred in the world—now construed it as a transcendent principle, relegating God to the role of a distant “designer” or architect of the world.Less
William James presented his Gifford Lectures on The Varieties of Religious Experience in Edinburgh in 1901–1902. As concrete states of mind, made up of a feeling plus a specific sort of object, religious emotions are psychic entities distinguishable from other concrete emotions—although there is no ground to assume a uniform sense of religious emotion. To the extent it persisted, religious belief—rather than finding the sacred in the world—now construed it as a transcendent principle, relegating God to the role of a distant “designer” or architect of the world.
Helen Jacobsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693757
- eISBN:
- 9780191731976
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693757.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Cultural History
Charles Montagu, fourth earl and later first duke of Manchester, displayed a connoisseurship that was shaped and informed by his experiences as a diplomat. He was a follower of French fashion, but ...
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Charles Montagu, fourth earl and later first duke of Manchester, displayed a connoisseurship that was shaped and informed by his experiences as a diplomat. He was a follower of French fashion, but his cultural patronage also included Italian artists, architects, upholsterers, and cabinet-makers, and he proved himself to be a fervent patron of Italian music. Many of Manchester’s Italian purchases and commissions pre-date the more widespread shift that occurred in the second decade of the eighteenth century, when sections of the British social and political elite turned to Italy rather than France for cultural superiority; this makes Manchester’s relatively early Italian patronage significant. Were his choices connected to the Whig/Tory argument? This chapter looks closely at his patronage of architecture, painting, music, furniture, and textiles and finds that his artistic consumption was informed by an appreciation for talent and novelty, political ambition and pragmatism, and, above all, opportunity.Less
Charles Montagu, fourth earl and later first duke of Manchester, displayed a connoisseurship that was shaped and informed by his experiences as a diplomat. He was a follower of French fashion, but his cultural patronage also included Italian artists, architects, upholsterers, and cabinet-makers, and he proved himself to be a fervent patron of Italian music. Many of Manchester’s Italian purchases and commissions pre-date the more widespread shift that occurred in the second decade of the eighteenth century, when sections of the British social and political elite turned to Italy rather than France for cultural superiority; this makes Manchester’s relatively early Italian patronage significant. Were his choices connected to the Whig/Tory argument? This chapter looks closely at his patronage of architecture, painting, music, furniture, and textiles and finds that his artistic consumption was informed by an appreciation for talent and novelty, political ambition and pragmatism, and, above all, opportunity.
Helen Jacobsen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693757
- eISBN:
- 9780191731976
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693757.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Cultural History
By contrast with the other four men in these case studies, the earl of Strafford was never an arbiter of taste and was concerned only with following the latest fashions. Yet paradoxically it was by ...
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By contrast with the other four men in these case studies, the earl of Strafford was never an arbiter of taste and was concerned only with following the latest fashions. Yet paradoxically it was by emulating prevailing styles in personal and material display rather than by creating them that he looked to manage his identity as a successful diplomat, and his career demonstrates the increasing importance of the material world in diplomatic life. By 1700 a diplomat’s overseas residence had become an important locus of display, and not just his carriages, plate, and dress but also his furniture, pictures, and furnishings fulfilled a significant role in ambassadorial etiquette. Strafford patronized architects, cabinet-makers, silversmiths, artists, upholsterers, and decorative painters to ensure that his position as a senior minister was clearly evidenced by his material world – to both the English social elite and to his foreign diplomatic colleagues.Less
By contrast with the other four men in these case studies, the earl of Strafford was never an arbiter of taste and was concerned only with following the latest fashions. Yet paradoxically it was by emulating prevailing styles in personal and material display rather than by creating them that he looked to manage his identity as a successful diplomat, and his career demonstrates the increasing importance of the material world in diplomatic life. By 1700 a diplomat’s overseas residence had become an important locus of display, and not just his carriages, plate, and dress but also his furniture, pictures, and furnishings fulfilled a significant role in ambassadorial etiquette. Strafford patronized architects, cabinet-makers, silversmiths, artists, upholsterers, and decorative painters to ensure that his position as a senior minister was clearly evidenced by his material world – to both the English social elite and to his foreign diplomatic colleagues.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0040
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Victor Chapman, Head of Shipbuilding Branch, Board of Trade, Ministry of Technology, Department of Trade and Industry, Secretary to the Shipbuilding Inquiry Committee. Details The ...
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Interview with Victor Chapman, Head of Shipbuilding Branch, Board of Trade, Ministry of Technology, Department of Trade and Industry, Secretary to the Shipbuilding Inquiry Committee. Details The Civil Servants, Board of Trade, Shipbuilding Enquiry Committee, Shipbuilding Industry.Less
Interview with Victor Chapman, Head of Shipbuilding Branch, Board of Trade, Ministry of Technology, Department of Trade and Industry, Secretary to the Shipbuilding Inquiry Committee. Details The Civil Servants, Board of Trade, Shipbuilding Enquiry Committee, Shipbuilding Industry.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0041
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Cliff Baylis, Under Secretary (Shipbuilding) Ministry of Technology, Director, Shipbuilders and Repairers National Association. Details The Civil Servants, Board of Trade, Shipbuilding ...
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Interview with Cliff Baylis, Under Secretary (Shipbuilding) Ministry of Technology, Director, Shipbuilders and Repairers National Association. Details The Civil Servants, Board of Trade, Shipbuilding Enquiry Committee, Shipbuilding Industry.Less
Interview with Cliff Baylis, Under Secretary (Shipbuilding) Ministry of Technology, Director, Shipbuilders and Repairers National Association. Details The Civil Servants, Board of Trade, Shipbuilding Enquiry Committee, Shipbuilding Industry.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0042
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Barry Barker, Director, Shipbuilding Industry Board. Details The Civil Servants, Board of Trade, Shipbuilding Enquiry Committee, Shipbuilding Industry.
Interview with Barry Barker, Director, Shipbuilding Industry Board. Details The Civil Servants, Board of Trade, Shipbuilding Enquiry Committee, Shipbuilding Industry.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0043
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Vivian Marchant, Head of Shipbuilding Division, Department of Industry. Details The Civil Servants, Board of Trade, Shipbuilding Enquiry Committee, Shipbuilding Industry.
Interview with Vivian Marchant, Head of Shipbuilding Division, Department of Industry. Details The Civil Servants, Board of Trade, Shipbuilding Enquiry Committee, Shipbuilding Industry.
Victor Deupi and Jean-François Lejeune
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781683400905
- eISBN:
- 9781683401193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683400905.003.0008
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Latin American Studies
Architectural historians Victor Deupi and Jean-François Lejeune assess the legacy of the “modernist generation” of Cuban architects who were active on the island between the late 1930s and 1959. ...
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Architectural historians Victor Deupi and Jean-François Lejeune assess the legacy of the “modernist generation” of Cuban architects who were active on the island between the late 1930s and 1959. Deupi and Lejeune focus on how this generation struggled “to be modern and Cuban at the same time,” and how this tension informed their residential designs. Many Cuban architects sought to adapt modern aesthetics and building techniques to a tropical climate in their blueprints for private houses, public buildings, and urban planning. Architect Eugenio Batista codified the main elements of vernacular Cuban houses as “the three ps”—persianas (louvers), patios (courtyards), and portales (arcades)—which other architects adopted. Deupi and Lejeune have followed the professional careers of numerous Cuban architects who moved abroad after the Revolution and left a “transnational and transcultural” imprint in the built environments of their host countries, particularly the United States, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela.Less
Architectural historians Victor Deupi and Jean-François Lejeune assess the legacy of the “modernist generation” of Cuban architects who were active on the island between the late 1930s and 1959. Deupi and Lejeune focus on how this generation struggled “to be modern and Cuban at the same time,” and how this tension informed their residential designs. Many Cuban architects sought to adapt modern aesthetics and building techniques to a tropical climate in their blueprints for private houses, public buildings, and urban planning. Architect Eugenio Batista codified the main elements of vernacular Cuban houses as “the three ps”—persianas (louvers), patios (courtyards), and portales (arcades)—which other architects adopted. Deupi and Lejeune have followed the professional careers of numerous Cuban architects who moved abroad after the Revolution and left a “transnational and transcultural” imprint in the built environments of their host countries, particularly the United States, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Sir Eric Yarrow, Chairman, Yarrow Shipbuilders, Scotstoun. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Interview with Sir Eric Yarrow, Chairman, Yarrow Shipbuilders, Scotstoun. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Bob Easton, Managing Director, Yarrow Shipbuilders. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Interview with Bob Easton, Managing Director, Yarrow Shipbuilders. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Professor John Rorke, Technical Assistant to the Engineering Director, Stephen, Linthouse, Engineering Director, Denny Brothers, Dumbarton, Chairman, Brown Brothers, Edinburgh, Vice ...
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Interview with Professor John Rorke, Technical Assistant to the Engineering Director, Stephen, Linthouse, Engineering Director, Denny Brothers, Dumbarton, Chairman, Brown Brothers, Edinburgh, Vice Principal, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.Less
Interview with Professor John Rorke, Technical Assistant to the Engineering Director, Stephen, Linthouse, Engineering Director, Denny Brothers, Dumbarton, Chairman, Brown Brothers, Edinburgh, Vice Principal, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Dr. John Brown, John Brown and Company, Clydebank. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Interview with Dr. John Brown, John Brown and Company, Clydebank. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0013
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with J.F. Starks, Royal Dockyards, John Brown and UCS. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Interview with J.F. Starks, Royal Dockyards, John Brown and UCS. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Anthony Hepper, Chairman, Upper Clyde Shipbuilders. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Interview with Anthony Hepper, Chairman, Upper Clyde Shipbuilders. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with Harry Osborne, Civil Engineer. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Interview with Harry Osborne, Civil Engineer. Details experience working on the Upper Clyde.
Anthony Slaven and Hugh Murphy (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781927869017
- eISBN:
- 9781786944436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781927869017.003.0016
- Subject:
- History, Maritime History
Interview with G.H.R. Towers, Managing Director, John Redhead and Sons, South Shields. Details experience working on the The Tyne.
Interview with G.H.R. Towers, Managing Director, John Redhead and Sons, South Shields. Details experience working on the The Tyne.
