Filippo Coarelli
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520079601
- eISBN:
- 9780520935099
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520079601.003.0018
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This chapter provides detailed information about the Roman aqueducts, ranging from the position and importance of the water sources to the course and volume of the aqueducts and the number and ...
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This chapter provides detailed information about the Roman aqueducts, ranging from the position and importance of the water sources to the course and volume of the aqueducts and the number and organization of the personnel employed in this critical branch of the Roman public administration. It presents the summary created by Frontinus about the history of how Rome's citizens obtained water during the centuries stretching from the city's foundation to the creation of the aqueducts.Less
This chapter provides detailed information about the Roman aqueducts, ranging from the position and importance of the water sources to the course and volume of the aqueducts and the number and organization of the personnel employed in this critical branch of the Roman public administration. It presents the summary created by Frontinus about the history of how Rome's citizens obtained water during the centuries stretching from the city's foundation to the creation of the aqueducts.
James Crow
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199739400
- eISBN:
- 9780199933006
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199739400.003.0005
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This is a study of the organization and provision of the water supply of Constantinople in Late Antiquity, which also provides a comparison with the case of Rome. It integrates textual evidence with ...
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This is a study of the organization and provision of the water supply of Constantinople in Late Antiquity, which also provides a comparison with the case of Rome. It integrates textual evidence with the detailed evidence provided from recent structural and hydrogeological research undertaken by the author. As the New Rome came into the ascendant throughout the fourth and fifth centuries surviving legislation reveals divergent approaches to the maintenance of the urban water supply in the two cities. The evidence further demonstrates the symbolic as well as the practical value of investment in the urban infrastructure. In particular the sources appear to suggest how the maintenance of the aqueducts came to dominate urban euergetism at Constantinople at the expense of other aspects of civic display. Finally, the comparative element of the study helps deepen our understanding of the diverging narratives of the two imperial cities.Less
This is a study of the organization and provision of the water supply of Constantinople in Late Antiquity, which also provides a comparison with the case of Rome. It integrates textual evidence with the detailed evidence provided from recent structural and hydrogeological research undertaken by the author. As the New Rome came into the ascendant throughout the fourth and fifth centuries surviving legislation reveals divergent approaches to the maintenance of the urban water supply in the two cities. The evidence further demonstrates the symbolic as well as the practical value of investment in the urban infrastructure. In particular the sources appear to suggest how the maintenance of the aqueducts came to dominate urban euergetism at Constantinople at the expense of other aspects of civic display. Finally, the comparative element of the study helps deepen our understanding of the diverging narratives of the two imperial cities.
Marcus Milwright
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748623105
- eISBN:
- 9780748671298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623105.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Methodology and Techniques
This chapter is concerned with the organization of complex settlements in the Islamic period. These can be defined as towns, cities, and palaces although the boundaries between such categories are ...
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This chapter is concerned with the organization of complex settlements in the Islamic period. These can be defined as towns, cities, and palaces although the boundaries between such categories are not always well defined. The first section considers the nature of urban spaces in early Islam, and particularly the ways in which archaeology can refine our understanding of Arabic terms like madina and misr. This section also explores the evolution of large-scale Islamic palaces which take on some of the characteristics of cities. The second section assesses the evidence for urban material culture in different Islamic regions. The final section is devoted to the provision of water to urban areas, and explores the archaeology of aqueducts, drainage, fountains, and cisterns.Less
This chapter is concerned with the organization of complex settlements in the Islamic period. These can be defined as towns, cities, and palaces although the boundaries between such categories are not always well defined. The first section considers the nature of urban spaces in early Islam, and particularly the ways in which archaeology can refine our understanding of Arabic terms like madina and misr. This section also explores the evolution of large-scale Islamic palaces which take on some of the characteristics of cities. The second section assesses the evidence for urban material culture in different Islamic regions. The final section is devoted to the provision of water to urban areas, and explores the archaeology of aqueducts, drainage, fountains, and cisterns.
Ann Koloski-Ostrow
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469621289
- eISBN:
- 9781469623269
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469621289.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
The Romans developed sophisticated methods for managing hygiene, including aqueducts for moving water from one place to another, sewers for removing used water from baths and runoff from walkways and ...
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The Romans developed sophisticated methods for managing hygiene, including aqueducts for moving water from one place to another, sewers for removing used water from baths and runoff from walkways and roads, and public and private latrines. Through the archaeological record, graffiti, sanitation-related paintings, and literature, this book explores this little-known world of bathrooms and sewers, offering unique insights into Roman sanitation, engineering, urban planning and development, hygiene, and public health. Focusing on the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Ostia, and Rome, this work challenges common perceptions of Romans’ social customs, beliefs about health, tolerance for filth in their cities, and attitudes toward privacy. In charting the complex history of sanitary customs from the late republic to the early empire, the book reveals the origins of waste removal technologies and their implications for urban health, past and present.Less
The Romans developed sophisticated methods for managing hygiene, including aqueducts for moving water from one place to another, sewers for removing used water from baths and runoff from walkways and roads, and public and private latrines. Through the archaeological record, graffiti, sanitation-related paintings, and literature, this book explores this little-known world of bathrooms and sewers, offering unique insights into Roman sanitation, engineering, urban planning and development, hygiene, and public health. Focusing on the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Ostia, and Rome, this work challenges common perceptions of Romans’ social customs, beliefs about health, tolerance for filth in their cities, and attitudes toward privacy. In charting the complex history of sanitary customs from the late republic to the early empire, the book reveals the origins of waste removal technologies and their implications for urban health, past and present.
Syed Ali Nadeem Rezavi
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198084037
- eISBN:
- 9780199082568
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198084037.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
Pre-modern settlements generally grew around some major source of water, such as a river, a lake, or a pond. This would provide not only potable water but also a security barrier. Fathpur Sikri was ...
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Pre-modern settlements generally grew around some major source of water, such as a river, a lake, or a pond. This would provide not only potable water but also a security barrier. Fathpur Sikri was located beside a natural seasonal lake which was regulated by the construction of barrages to control the flow of water and result in a perennial supply. Towards the old settlement a bund defined the limits of this artificially created water body, which from the north-west and the south was contained by the ridge. Elaborate arrangements were made to lift water to the palaces and supply it to the various areas where it was needed. A number of water tanks, some open, while others closed, and elaborate channels, ducts, and aqueducts were also constructed besides wells and step-wells (baolis). In order to lift the water from the ground to the top of the ridge, a series of Persian-wheels were put to use.Less
Pre-modern settlements generally grew around some major source of water, such as a river, a lake, or a pond. This would provide not only potable water but also a security barrier. Fathpur Sikri was located beside a natural seasonal lake which was regulated by the construction of barrages to control the flow of water and result in a perennial supply. Towards the old settlement a bund defined the limits of this artificially created water body, which from the north-west and the south was contained by the ridge. Elaborate arrangements were made to lift water to the palaces and supply it to the various areas where it was needed. A number of water tanks, some open, while others closed, and elaborate channels, ducts, and aqueducts were also constructed besides wells and step-wells (baolis). In order to lift the water from the ground to the top of the ridge, a series of Persian-wheels were put to use.
Michael Lewis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780226789378
- eISBN:
- 9780226789408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226789408.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Ancient History / Archaeology
In the sixth century BCE, Greek philosophers acquired the elements of geometry and of surveying from Egypt. However, it was only in the early third century BCE, when the famous library and museum at ...
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In the sixth century BCE, Greek philosophers acquired the elements of geometry and of surveying from Egypt. However, it was only in the early third century BCE, when the famous library and museum at Alexandria was established, that more sophisticated surveying theory and of more versatile and accurate instruments were developed. As a result, surveying instruments entered the realm of high technology for the first time, drawing on scientific theory and feeding back to it. This chapter examines the instruments, techniques, and achievements of surveyors in ancient Greece and Rome, with special reference to the planning of roads, aqueducts, and tunnels. Two such instruments are the groma, the exact counterpart of the dioptra in horizontal mode, and the libra.Less
In the sixth century BCE, Greek philosophers acquired the elements of geometry and of surveying from Egypt. However, it was only in the early third century BCE, when the famous library and museum at Alexandria was established, that more sophisticated surveying theory and of more versatile and accurate instruments were developed. As a result, surveying instruments entered the realm of high technology for the first time, drawing on scientific theory and feeding back to it. This chapter examines the instruments, techniques, and achievements of surveyors in ancient Greece and Rome, with special reference to the planning of roads, aqueducts, and tunnels. Two such instruments are the groma, the exact counterpart of the dioptra in horizontal mode, and the libra.
Peter J. Holliday
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- June 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190256517
- eISBN:
- 9780190256548
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190256517.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, History of Art: pre-history, BCE to 500CE, ancient and classical, Byzantine
This chapter explores how Americans followed John Muir in celebrating the natural wonder of California, especially as represented in paintings by the Rocky Mountain School. Settlers, however, ...
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This chapter explores how Americans followed John Muir in celebrating the natural wonder of California, especially as represented in paintings by the Rocky Mountain School. Settlers, however, following the call of Edward James Wickson, were attracted by the state’s agricultural potential, and men like William Hammond Hall and William Mulholland engineered a mighty infrastructure of dams and aqueducts rivaling the structures of ancient Mediterranean civilizations. The state set up cooperatives to help small independent growers prosper in viticulture and citriculture, fulfilling the Jeffersonian ideal of a culture of engaged citizen farmers. In the early twentieth century a new generation of plein-air painters (John Bond Francisco, Elmer Wachtel, and Maurice Braun) depicted the arcadian landscape thus being shaped.Less
This chapter explores how Americans followed John Muir in celebrating the natural wonder of California, especially as represented in paintings by the Rocky Mountain School. Settlers, however, following the call of Edward James Wickson, were attracted by the state’s agricultural potential, and men like William Hammond Hall and William Mulholland engineered a mighty infrastructure of dams and aqueducts rivaling the structures of ancient Mediterranean civilizations. The state set up cooperatives to help small independent growers prosper in viticulture and citriculture, fulfilling the Jeffersonian ideal of a culture of engaged citizen farmers. In the early twentieth century a new generation of plein-air painters (John Bond Francisco, Elmer Wachtel, and Maurice Braun) depicted the arcadian landscape thus being shaped.
Yuri A. Marano
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198728924
- eISBN:
- 9780191795831
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728924.003.0009
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical, World History: BCE to 500CE
The wealth and peace which marked the first decades of the Ostrogothic rule over Italy ushered in a time of intense building activity. As a revival and restoration of Roman culture and tradition, ...
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The wealth and peace which marked the first decades of the Ostrogothic rule over Italy ushered in a time of intense building activity. As a revival and restoration of Roman culture and tradition, Theoderic promoted the renovation of public monuments and infrastructures in key centres such as Rome, Milan, Verona, and Ravenna, but also in several other towns of the kingdom. In this context the upkeep of urban supply systems and waterworks figures prominently in the archaeological evidence and authors of the time. In this respect, Ostrogothic Italy shows a high degree of technological, administrative, and ideological continuity with regard to the Roman past. Notwithstanding the growing involvement of the church in water management, public authorities remained the main actors in this field.Less
The wealth and peace which marked the first decades of the Ostrogothic rule over Italy ushered in a time of intense building activity. As a revival and restoration of Roman culture and tradition, Theoderic promoted the renovation of public monuments and infrastructures in key centres such as Rome, Milan, Verona, and Ravenna, but also in several other towns of the kingdom. In this context the upkeep of urban supply systems and waterworks figures prominently in the archaeological evidence and authors of the time. In this respect, Ostrogothic Italy shows a high degree of technological, administrative, and ideological continuity with regard to the Roman past. Notwithstanding the growing involvement of the church in water management, public authorities remained the main actors in this field.
