Jacquelyn Cranney, Sue Morris, Frances H. Martin, Steve Provost, Lucy Zinkiewicz, John Reece, Josephine Milne-Home, Lorelle J. Burton, Fiona A. White, Judi Homewood, Joanne k. Earl, and Sherri McCarthy
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199794942
- eISBN:
- 9780199914500
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794942.003.0041
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Psychological literacy for the 21st century posits both real and virtual resource options for ‘applied’ psychology at the interface of psychology education and graduate attribute-targeted student ...
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Psychological literacy for the 21st century posits both real and virtual resource options for ‘applied’ psychology at the interface of psychology education and graduate attribute-targeted student learning outcomes. Psychological literacy encapsulates the common graduate attributes or capabilities that students should acquire while undertaking a major in psychology, as exemplfied by guidelines and lists of student learning outcomes (SLOs) delineated by many national psychology organisations. Application involves purposefully applying the basic capabilites to new problems or in new situations, usually in an experiential and active manner. This chapter briefly considers the background to the issue of “applied” psychology in undergraduate education, and then give some concrete examples of how “applied” psychology learning and teaching strategies can be implemented to support the development of psychological literacy (McGovern et al., 2010) in our students.Less
Psychological literacy for the 21st century posits both real and virtual resource options for ‘applied’ psychology at the interface of psychology education and graduate attribute-targeted student learning outcomes. Psychological literacy encapsulates the common graduate attributes or capabilities that students should acquire while undertaking a major in psychology, as exemplfied by guidelines and lists of student learning outcomes (SLOs) delineated by many national psychology organisations. Application involves purposefully applying the basic capabilites to new problems or in new situations, usually in an experiential and active manner. This chapter briefly considers the background to the issue of “applied” psychology in undergraduate education, and then give some concrete examples of how “applied” psychology learning and teaching strategies can be implemented to support the development of psychological literacy (McGovern et al., 2010) in our students.
Adrian C. North and David J. Hargreaves
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198567424
- eISBN:
- 9780191693656
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567424.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology
Through its emphasis on experimental cognitive psychology and approach to classical music as ‘high art’, the old 1980s paradigm for music psychology failed to point out the social, emotional, and ...
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Through its emphasis on experimental cognitive psychology and approach to classical music as ‘high art’, the old 1980s paradigm for music psychology failed to point out the social, emotional, and financial value that music has to the general public going about their everyday lives. The topics of research that the social and applied paradigm leads to may be new to music psychology but in fact have been a concern to society for centuries now. It is surprising then that other topics dominated music psychology until only recently. But social psychological and applied issues are now at the heart of the discipline. This chapter states a hope and belief that the social and applied psychology of music is well placed to put the case for the defence of music as a cherished object in 21st-century society.Less
Through its emphasis on experimental cognitive psychology and approach to classical music as ‘high art’, the old 1980s paradigm for music psychology failed to point out the social, emotional, and financial value that music has to the general public going about their everyday lives. The topics of research that the social and applied paradigm leads to may be new to music psychology but in fact have been a concern to society for centuries now. It is surprising then that other topics dominated music psychology until only recently. But social psychological and applied issues are now at the heart of the discipline. This chapter states a hope and belief that the social and applied psychology of music is well placed to put the case for the defence of music as a cherished object in 21st-century society.
S. Craig Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199586073
- eISBN:
- 9780191731358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology, Developmental Psychology
The chapter highlights the growing influence of evolutionary perspectives on psychology and social studies in general. It distinguishes the approaches of mainstream and evolutionary psychology based ...
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The chapter highlights the growing influence of evolutionary perspectives on psychology and social studies in general. It distinguishes the approaches of mainstream and evolutionary psychology based on proximate and ultimate levels of explanation for human behaviour. It is argued that ultimate (or functional) perspectives on behaviour contribute unique and important insights into human behaviour that are missed by standard social science approaches. Similarly to how the new discipline of evolutionary medicine is providing new ways of looking at health and disease, an applied evolutionary psychology may become increasingly influential in the development of more comprehensive understanding of human behaviour and contemporary issues.Less
The chapter highlights the growing influence of evolutionary perspectives on psychology and social studies in general. It distinguishes the approaches of mainstream and evolutionary psychology based on proximate and ultimate levels of explanation for human behaviour. It is argued that ultimate (or functional) perspectives on behaviour contribute unique and important insights into human behaviour that are missed by standard social science approaches. Similarly to how the new discipline of evolutionary medicine is providing new ways of looking at health and disease, an applied evolutionary psychology may become increasingly influential in the development of more comprehensive understanding of human behaviour and contemporary issues.
S. Craig Roberts (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199586073
- eISBN:
- 9780191731358
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Evolutionary psychology aims to understand and describe human behaviour in the light of past and continuing selection and adaptation. Still a young and developing discipline, the past couple of ...
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Evolutionary psychology aims to understand and describe human behaviour in the light of past and continuing selection and adaptation. Still a young and developing discipline, the past couple of decades has seen enormous progress. As the science matures, its scope is inevitably beginning to broaden towards tackling contemporary issues in human society. To date, however, concerted effort to apply principle to practice has been patchy and limited in extent. This book aims to provide a foundation for an incipient focus on applications of evolutionary psychology. It draws together a collection of renowned academics from a very disparate set of fields, whose common interest lies in using evolutionary thinking to inform their research. It is the first book to overtly consider how basic evolutionary thinking is being applied to such a wide range of specific social, economic and technological problems.Less
Evolutionary psychology aims to understand and describe human behaviour in the light of past and continuing selection and adaptation. Still a young and developing discipline, the past couple of decades has seen enormous progress. As the science matures, its scope is inevitably beginning to broaden towards tackling contemporary issues in human society. To date, however, concerted effort to apply principle to practice has been patchy and limited in extent. This book aims to provide a foundation for an incipient focus on applications of evolutionary psychology. It draws together a collection of renowned academics from a very disparate set of fields, whose common interest lies in using evolutionary thinking to inform their research. It is the first book to overtly consider how basic evolutionary thinking is being applied to such a wide range of specific social, economic and technological problems.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Jeanne Nakamura
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195373585
- eISBN:
- 9780199893263
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373585.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Health Psychology
This chapter discusses the development of positive psychology, tracing its growth from 1999 to 2009. It then speculates on the future of positive psychology. In the United States, positive ...
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This chapter discusses the development of positive psychology, tracing its growth from 1999 to 2009. It then speculates on the future of positive psychology. In the United States, positive psychology's most salient reference point in applied psychology has been clinical; as a result, the field has been fastest to respond to the demand for interventions targeted at the direct increase of individual well-being, for example, through coaching and personal exercises. In the positive psychology community as a whole, it seems clear that the future of applied work will encompass both these interventions at the individual level and the institutional and aggregate level.Less
This chapter discusses the development of positive psychology, tracing its growth from 1999 to 2009. It then speculates on the future of positive psychology. In the United States, positive psychology's most salient reference point in applied psychology has been clinical; as a result, the field has been fastest to respond to the demand for interventions targeted at the direct increase of individual well-being, for example, through coaching and personal exercises. In the positive psychology community as a whole, it seems clear that the future of applied work will encompass both these interventions at the individual level and the institutional and aggregate level.
Kennon M. Sheldon, Todd B. Kashdan, and Michael F. Steger (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195373585
- eISBN:
- 9780199893263
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373585.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology, Health Psychology
Positive psychology exploded into public consciousness ten years ago and has continued to capture attention around the world ever since. The movement promised to study positive human nature, using ...
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Positive psychology exploded into public consciousness ten years ago and has continued to capture attention around the world ever since. The movement promised to study positive human nature, using only the most rigorous scientific tools and theories. How well has this promise been fulfilled? This book evaluates the first decade of this fledgling field of study from the perspective of nearly every leading researcher in the field. Scholars in the areas of social, personality, clinical, biological, emotional, and applied psychology take stock of their fields, while bearing in mind the original manifesto and goals of the positive psychology movement. Chapters provide honest, critical evaluations of the flaws and untapped potential of these various fields of study. The chapters design the optimal future of positive psychology by addressing gaps, biases, and methodological limitations, and exploring exciting new questions.Less
Positive psychology exploded into public consciousness ten years ago and has continued to capture attention around the world ever since. The movement promised to study positive human nature, using only the most rigorous scientific tools and theories. How well has this promise been fulfilled? This book evaluates the first decade of this fledgling field of study from the perspective of nearly every leading researcher in the field. Scholars in the areas of social, personality, clinical, biological, emotional, and applied psychology take stock of their fields, while bearing in mind the original manifesto and goals of the positive psychology movement. Chapters provide honest, critical evaluations of the flaws and untapped potential of these various fields of study. The chapters design the optimal future of positive psychology by addressing gaps, biases, and methodological limitations, and exploring exciting new questions.
Michael J. Saks and Barbara A. Spellman
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781479880041
- eISBN:
- 9780814768785
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479880041.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Trials are supposed to be not only fair and accurate but also efficient. Evidence law is meant to facilitate trials, and, at the same time, to encourage and protect important societal values and ...
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Trials are supposed to be not only fair and accurate but also efficient. Evidence law is meant to facilitate trials, and, at the same time, to encourage and protect important societal values and relationships. In pursuit of these goals, those who create the rules (i.e., common-law judges and modern drafting committees) must engage in amateur applied psychology. Their task requires them to employ what they think they know about the ability and motivations of witnesses to perceive, store, and retrieve information; about the effects of the litigation process on testimony and other evidence; and about people's capacity to comprehend and evaluate evidence. These are the same phenomena studied by cognitive psychology and social psychology. Further, psychology examines the role of emotion, credibility, expert influence, and other relevant topics. The rules of evidence restrain lawyers from using the most robust weapons of influence, and direct judges to exclude certain categories of information, limit it, or instruct juries on how to think about it. The Psychological Foundations of Evidence Law draws on the best current psychological research to identify and evaluate the choices implicit in the rules of evidence, and suggest alternatives that psychology reveals as more likely to accomplish the law’s goals. This interdisciplinary book is aimed at lawyers, judges, researchers, and students, and seeks to provide all with a better understanding of the psychology of what is perhaps the most psychologically connected of legal subjects.Less
Trials are supposed to be not only fair and accurate but also efficient. Evidence law is meant to facilitate trials, and, at the same time, to encourage and protect important societal values and relationships. In pursuit of these goals, those who create the rules (i.e., common-law judges and modern drafting committees) must engage in amateur applied psychology. Their task requires them to employ what they think they know about the ability and motivations of witnesses to perceive, store, and retrieve information; about the effects of the litigation process on testimony and other evidence; and about people's capacity to comprehend and evaluate evidence. These are the same phenomena studied by cognitive psychology and social psychology. Further, psychology examines the role of emotion, credibility, expert influence, and other relevant topics. The rules of evidence restrain lawyers from using the most robust weapons of influence, and direct judges to exclude certain categories of information, limit it, or instruct juries on how to think about it. The Psychological Foundations of Evidence Law draws on the best current psychological research to identify and evaluate the choices implicit in the rules of evidence, and suggest alternatives that psychology reveals as more likely to accomplish the law’s goals. This interdisciplinary book is aimed at lawyers, judges, researchers, and students, and seeks to provide all with a better understanding of the psychology of what is perhaps the most psychologically connected of legal subjects.
Harry W. Gardiner
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190679743
- eISBN:
- 9780190679774
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190679743.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Cross-cultural psychology and human development are currently experiencing an exciting period of growth. Segall, Lonner, and Berry have noted that when all psychology finally takes into account the ...
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Cross-cultural psychology and human development are currently experiencing an exciting period of growth. Segall, Lonner, and Berry have noted that when all psychology finally takes into account the effects of culture on human behavior (and vice versa), terms like cross-cultural and cultural psychology will become unnecessary. At that point, all psychology will be truly cultural. In this chapter, the author defines cross-cultural human development; theoretical perspectives and models; emerging themes, such as contextual influences; applications to social issues; and future directions. As the author has earlier stated, tremendous challenges and opportunities lie ahead and speculating about the future path of cross-cultural psychology is difficult.Less
Cross-cultural psychology and human development are currently experiencing an exciting period of growth. Segall, Lonner, and Berry have noted that when all psychology finally takes into account the effects of culture on human behavior (and vice versa), terms like cross-cultural and cultural psychology will become unnecessary. At that point, all psychology will be truly cultural. In this chapter, the author defines cross-cultural human development; theoretical perspectives and models; emerging themes, such as contextual influences; applications to social issues; and future directions. As the author has earlier stated, tremendous challenges and opportunities lie ahead and speculating about the future path of cross-cultural psychology is difficult.
Adrian North and David Hargreaves
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198567424
- eISBN:
- 9780191693656
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567424.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Music Psychology
Music is universal. As a successor to the book The Social Psychology of Music, this book aims to provide social psychological answers to the numerous questions concerning music. Given the prominence ...
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Music is universal. As a successor to the book The Social Psychology of Music, this book aims to provide social psychological answers to the numerous questions concerning music. Given the prominence music plays in our lives, it is still however imperilled by modern culture. Forewarning an imminent danger to music, it was warned in the previous book that the digital revolution would pave the way for legal and illegal online music stores and computer applications that would completely change the way people accessed music. With its ubiquity, music has been downgraded as insignificant or ‘cheap’. This book deems that the best way to safeguard music is to comprehend the rightful place it occupies in our everyday modern life, and those more complex factors that rationalize our most profound experiences of music. The chapters in this book argue that the social and applied psychology approach to music can tackle issues such as: why some pieces elicit strong emotional reactions; what makes a good musician, or why some composers are forgotten easily; whether music can boost retailers' profits; whether there is a link between musical subculture and suicide; and whether music can be used to help sick patients. Using social and applied psychology to understand some questions about music helps to safeguard it by allowing people to make effective arguments concerning ‘music as a manifestation of the human spirit’; against modern-day pressures such as neo-conservative protesters, accountants, and the digital revolution by demonstrating its social and financial value.Less
Music is universal. As a successor to the book The Social Psychology of Music, this book aims to provide social psychological answers to the numerous questions concerning music. Given the prominence music plays in our lives, it is still however imperilled by modern culture. Forewarning an imminent danger to music, it was warned in the previous book that the digital revolution would pave the way for legal and illegal online music stores and computer applications that would completely change the way people accessed music. With its ubiquity, music has been downgraded as insignificant or ‘cheap’. This book deems that the best way to safeguard music is to comprehend the rightful place it occupies in our everyday modern life, and those more complex factors that rationalize our most profound experiences of music. The chapters in this book argue that the social and applied psychology approach to music can tackle issues such as: why some pieces elicit strong emotional reactions; what makes a good musician, or why some composers are forgotten easily; whether music can boost retailers' profits; whether there is a link between musical subculture and suicide; and whether music can be used to help sick patients. Using social and applied psychology to understand some questions about music helps to safeguard it by allowing people to make effective arguments concerning ‘music as a manifestation of the human spirit’; against modern-day pressures such as neo-conservative protesters, accountants, and the digital revolution by demonstrating its social and financial value.
Christopher D. Wickens
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195305722
- eISBN:
- 9780199847723
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305722.003.0017
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
The chapters in this book represent the best practices of where applied attention research stands, and point to the challenges to attention researchers to be relevant to human factors and applied ...
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The chapters in this book represent the best practices of where applied attention research stands, and point to the challenges to attention researchers to be relevant to human factors and applied psychology in general, and to the human factors of safety in complex systems in particular. This final chapter provides both a critical review and discussion of the topic of attention over the past 100 years. Several cautions and suggestions are offered for the future. First, that researchers become less focused on attentional paradigms and more focused on explaining important attentional phenomena. In the past, paradigms have been studied as an end in and of themselves rather than as a means to understanding important real-world attentional phenomena. Second, that the focus on mean effects has, to date, often precluded the study of extreme responses. Given that errors often arise from unusual or extreme events, it is important that they be more frequently examined during the study of human performance in complex systems. Finally, that computational models become more of a focus in the study of applied attention.Less
The chapters in this book represent the best practices of where applied attention research stands, and point to the challenges to attention researchers to be relevant to human factors and applied psychology in general, and to the human factors of safety in complex systems in particular. This final chapter provides both a critical review and discussion of the topic of attention over the past 100 years. Several cautions and suggestions are offered for the future. First, that researchers become less focused on attentional paradigms and more focused on explaining important attentional phenomena. In the past, paradigms have been studied as an end in and of themselves rather than as a means to understanding important real-world attentional phenomena. Second, that the focus on mean effects has, to date, often precluded the study of extreme responses. Given that errors often arise from unusual or extreme events, it is important that they be more frequently examined during the study of human performance in complex systems. Finally, that computational models become more of a focus in the study of applied attention.
Raja Parasuraman and Pamela Greenwood
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195305722
- eISBN:
- 9780199847723
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305722.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
In contrast to cognitive psychology and human factors, which typically focus on the characteristics of the “average” person, psychometrics is concerned with explaining differences between people. New ...
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In contrast to cognitive psychology and human factors, which typically focus on the characteristics of the “average” person, psychometrics is concerned with explaining differences between people. New developments in molecular genetics and bioinformatics now make it possible to supplement the psychometric approach to identify sources of individual differences in human performance. Noting that many performance laws in applied psychology do not adequately capture individual differences, the chapter introduces a neuroergonomics approach to individual performance prediction based on molecular genetics and neuroscience. It breaks new ground in the effort to provide a neural and genetic basis for characterizing individual differences in various cognitive functions, including attention and memory. The initial goal is to be able to identify single genes that are associated with individual differences in elementary cognitive operations underlying attention and working memory. The chapter hopes to show that the work has relevance to the “applied attention” theme of this book by pointing out the routes toward application, much in the spirit of Christopher Wickens' research, which epitomizes theory-based application.Less
In contrast to cognitive psychology and human factors, which typically focus on the characteristics of the “average” person, psychometrics is concerned with explaining differences between people. New developments in molecular genetics and bioinformatics now make it possible to supplement the psychometric approach to identify sources of individual differences in human performance. Noting that many performance laws in applied psychology do not adequately capture individual differences, the chapter introduces a neuroergonomics approach to individual performance prediction based on molecular genetics and neuroscience. It breaks new ground in the effort to provide a neural and genetic basis for characterizing individual differences in various cognitive functions, including attention and memory. The initial goal is to be able to identify single genes that are associated with individual differences in elementary cognitive operations underlying attention and working memory. The chapter hopes to show that the work has relevance to the “applied attention” theme of this book by pointing out the routes toward application, much in the spirit of Christopher Wickens' research, which epitomizes theory-based application.
Alice White
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719090981
- eISBN:
- 9781526115133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719090981.003.0014
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The psychological sciences were deployed in Second World War Britain on an unprecedented scale in the hopes of managing the mobilised population. This chapter traces three groups of psychologists: ...
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The psychological sciences were deployed in Second World War Britain on an unprecedented scale in the hopes of managing the mobilised population. This chapter traces three groups of psychologists: Bartlett’s experimental psychologists from Cambridge, psychologists from the National Institute of Industrial Psychology (NIIP), and the Tavistock Clinic’s psychoanalysts. It follows their work from peacetime, in the lab, factory, and clinic, to wartime negotiations over how their work should be conducted. Each group had distinct views on the ideal relationship of scientists to military patrons, from disinterested advisors to consultants to involved collaborators. Psychologists’ diverse views on what was valuable in a person shaped (and was shaped by) their methods, producing three very different approaches to the creation of a science of selection.Less
The psychological sciences were deployed in Second World War Britain on an unprecedented scale in the hopes of managing the mobilised population. This chapter traces three groups of psychologists: Bartlett’s experimental psychologists from Cambridge, psychologists from the National Institute of Industrial Psychology (NIIP), and the Tavistock Clinic’s psychoanalysts. It follows their work from peacetime, in the lab, factory, and clinic, to wartime negotiations over how their work should be conducted. Each group had distinct views on the ideal relationship of scientists to military patrons, from disinterested advisors to consultants to involved collaborators. Psychologists’ diverse views on what was valuable in a person shaped (and was shaped by) their methods, producing three very different approaches to the creation of a science of selection.
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226081175
- eISBN:
- 9780226081199
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226081199.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This chapter describes the German originator of the idea of accident proneness, Karl Marbe. Marbe had already shown an interest in errors in speech and writing in connection with his interest in ...
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This chapter describes the German originator of the idea of accident proneness, Karl Marbe. Marbe had already shown an interest in errors in speech and writing in connection with his interest in linguistics. He was acquainted with psychological research that suggested variations on the statistical normal curve. Marbe was using a chemical metaphor, Unfallaffinität or accident affinity. His definitive publication on accident proneness (Unfallneigung) was his book of 1926 summarizing his thinking. Additionally, he had succeeded in bringing into applied psychology and safety literature some familiarity with the concept of accident prone people. Many people concerned with accidents simply ignored Marbe's ideas. British experts developed the idea of accident proneness in ways that found better institutional support, or at least receptivity, than did Marbe's initiative.Less
This chapter describes the German originator of the idea of accident proneness, Karl Marbe. Marbe had already shown an interest in errors in speech and writing in connection with his interest in linguistics. He was acquainted with psychological research that suggested variations on the statistical normal curve. Marbe was using a chemical metaphor, Unfallaffinität or accident affinity. His definitive publication on accident proneness (Unfallneigung) was his book of 1926 summarizing his thinking. Additionally, he had succeeded in bringing into applied psychology and safety literature some familiarity with the concept of accident prone people. Many people concerned with accidents simply ignored Marbe's ideas. British experts developed the idea of accident proneness in ways that found better institutional support, or at least receptivity, than did Marbe's initiative.
Susan M. Wolfe
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190457938
- eISBN:
- 9780190457945
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190457938.003.0014
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter describes the author’s career history that led up to her decision to create her own job as a solo community psychology practitioner—what she likes and does not like about being on her ...
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This chapter describes the author’s career history that led up to her decision to create her own job as a solo community psychology practitioner—what she likes and does not like about being on her own, as well as the benefits of her community psychology training and the skills and experiences that have led to her success. The chapter also offers some guidance and cautions for community psychologists who may be interested in developing a solo consulting practice.Less
This chapter describes the author’s career history that led up to her decision to create her own job as a solo community psychology practitioner—what she likes and does not like about being on her own, as well as the benefits of her community psychology training and the skills and experiences that have led to her success. The chapter also offers some guidance and cautions for community psychologists who may be interested in developing a solo consulting practice.
Joanne Souza and Paul M. Bingham
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190624965
- eISBN:
- 9780190051679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190624965.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology
All prior attempts to understand human origins, behavior, and history have led to paradoxes and dilemmas, highly resistant to resolution. This chapter reviews specific cases of failures to resolve ...
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All prior attempts to understand human origins, behavior, and history have led to paradoxes and dilemmas, highly resistant to resolution. This chapter reviews specific cases of failures to resolve these apparent paradoxes and dilemmas in human evolution and the social sciences. The authors argue that these failures are rooted in confusing proximate with ultimate causation. They further argue that a sound theory of human origins, behavior, and history (social coercion theory) can help to understand the human condition scientifically; specifically, this theory argues that all the unique properties of humans emerge from the unprecedented human social evolution, driven, in turn by the evolution of cost-effective coercive management of conflicts of interest. Finally, the authors argue that social coercion theory yields the first general theory of history, economics, and politics, which provides an approach to problems within the social sciences while armed with a grasp of ultimate causation. Consequently, formerly intractable scientific questions and social concerns become manageable and solvable.Less
All prior attempts to understand human origins, behavior, and history have led to paradoxes and dilemmas, highly resistant to resolution. This chapter reviews specific cases of failures to resolve these apparent paradoxes and dilemmas in human evolution and the social sciences. The authors argue that these failures are rooted in confusing proximate with ultimate causation. They further argue that a sound theory of human origins, behavior, and history (social coercion theory) can help to understand the human condition scientifically; specifically, this theory argues that all the unique properties of humans emerge from the unprecedented human social evolution, driven, in turn by the evolution of cost-effective coercive management of conflicts of interest. Finally, the authors argue that social coercion theory yields the first general theory of history, economics, and politics, which provides an approach to problems within the social sciences while armed with a grasp of ultimate causation. Consequently, formerly intractable scientific questions and social concerns become manageable and solvable.
Alberto Gallace and Charles Spence
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199644469
- eISBN:
- 9780191760587
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199644469.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology
One of the applied fields where tactile information is more successfully exploited is probably that related to the development of warning signals. In fact, tactile signals are now increasingly being ...
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One of the applied fields where tactile information is more successfully exploited is probably that related to the development of warning signals. In fact, tactile signals are now increasingly being used to awaken sleepy drivers, to capture the attention of distracted drivers, and even to present more complex information to drivers who may be otherwise visually-overloaded. Importantly, however, cognitive neuroscience research has demonstrated that the effectiveness of these alerting signals seems to be related to the presence of multisensory rather than merely unisensory signals. That is, the effect of touch alone in providing a useful warning signal is improved when visual or auditory congruent signals are concurrently presented. Similarly, multisensory displays can be more efficiently used also in order to transmit information to drivers to reduce their workload. Technologies able to deliver tactile and multisensory warning signals will likely accompany our driving experience in the years to come.Less
One of the applied fields where tactile information is more successfully exploited is probably that related to the development of warning signals. In fact, tactile signals are now increasingly being used to awaken sleepy drivers, to capture the attention of distracted drivers, and even to present more complex information to drivers who may be otherwise visually-overloaded. Importantly, however, cognitive neuroscience research has demonstrated that the effectiveness of these alerting signals seems to be related to the presence of multisensory rather than merely unisensory signals. That is, the effect of touch alone in providing a useful warning signal is improved when visual or auditory congruent signals are concurrently presented. Similarly, multisensory displays can be more efficiently used also in order to transmit information to drivers to reduce their workload. Technologies able to deliver tactile and multisensory warning signals will likely accompany our driving experience in the years to come.
Alberto Gallace and Charles Spence
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199644469
- eISBN:
- 9780191760587
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199644469.003.0011
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology
Even if we are not often aware of them, tactile sensations play an important, role in our evaluation/appreciation of many products that we use every day. It is not surprising therefore to notice that ...
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Even if we are not often aware of them, tactile sensations play an important, role in our evaluation/appreciation of many products that we use every day. It is not surprising therefore to notice that in the last decade there has been a rapid growth of interest in ‘tactile branding’. Evidence emerging from the fields of marketing psychology and cognitive neuroscience have now begun to demonstrate how important is the feel of a product, and the feel of a product’s packaging, through to people’s overall product evaluations. In this chapter, we highlight the critical role that touch plays in multisensory product appreciation, design, and marketing, and how synaesthetic correspondences between different senses can be used to evoke tactile sensations via the visual and auditory media.Less
Even if we are not often aware of them, tactile sensations play an important, role in our evaluation/appreciation of many products that we use every day. It is not surprising therefore to notice that in the last decade there has been a rapid growth of interest in ‘tactile branding’. Evidence emerging from the fields of marketing psychology and cognitive neuroscience have now begun to demonstrate how important is the feel of a product, and the feel of a product’s packaging, through to people’s overall product evaluations. In this chapter, we highlight the critical role that touch plays in multisensory product appreciation, design, and marketing, and how synaesthetic correspondences between different senses can be used to evoke tactile sensations via the visual and auditory media.
