Nikolas Rose and Joelle M. Abi-Rached
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691149608
- eISBN:
- 9781400846337
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691149608.003.0007
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Development
This chapter examines the arguments that claim that human antisocial behavior—notably impulsivity, aggression, and related forms of criminal conduct—have neurobiological roots. While neurobiological ...
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This chapter examines the arguments that claim that human antisocial behavior—notably impulsivity, aggression, and related forms of criminal conduct—have neurobiological roots. While neurobiological evidence from genomics or functional brain imaging is likely to have limited traction in the criminal courtroom itself, a new diagram is nonetheless emerging in the criminal justice system as it encounters developments in the neurosciences. This does not entail a challenge to doctrines of free will or an exculpatory argument that “my brain made me do it,” as some have suggested. Rather it is developing around the themes of susceptibility, prediction, and precaution that have come to infuse many aspects of criminal justice systems as they have come to focus on questions of risk—risk assessment, risk management, and risk reduction.Less
This chapter examines the arguments that claim that human antisocial behavior—notably impulsivity, aggression, and related forms of criminal conduct—have neurobiological roots. While neurobiological evidence from genomics or functional brain imaging is likely to have limited traction in the criminal courtroom itself, a new diagram is nonetheless emerging in the criminal justice system as it encounters developments in the neurosciences. This does not entail a challenge to doctrines of free will or an exculpatory argument that “my brain made me do it,” as some have suggested. Rather it is developing around the themes of susceptibility, prediction, and precaution that have come to infuse many aspects of criminal justice systems as they have come to focus on questions of risk—risk assessment, risk management, and risk reduction.
Linda S. Pagani
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195310313
- eISBN:
- 9780199871384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310313.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines the links between family influences and the development and persistence of antisocial behavior. Bearing a strong preference for longitudinal designs, it synthesizes the ...
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This chapter examines the links between family influences and the development and persistence of antisocial behavior. Bearing a strong preference for longitudinal designs, it synthesizes the literature addressing both structural and process factors in the home environment that are associated with aggression, theft, vandalism, problematic substance use, and the violation of societal rules. These associations are viewed using a number of conceptual backdrops, including theories emanating from social learning and behavioral genetics approaches. This chapter concludes with concrete implications for effective family approaches in prevention and intervention. Specifically, this chapter draws upon the concepts of warmth, control, and boundary issues in at-risk parenting and how the promotion of proactive child rearing with these three crucial components in mind promotes optimal development.Less
This chapter examines the links between family influences and the development and persistence of antisocial behavior. Bearing a strong preference for longitudinal designs, it synthesizes the literature addressing both structural and process factors in the home environment that are associated with aggression, theft, vandalism, problematic substance use, and the violation of societal rules. These associations are viewed using a number of conceptual backdrops, including theories emanating from social learning and behavioral genetics approaches. This chapter concludes with concrete implications for effective family approaches in prevention and intervention. Specifically, this chapter draws upon the concepts of warmth, control, and boundary issues in at-risk parenting and how the promotion of proactive child rearing with these three crucial components in mind promotes optimal development.
Patricia Chamberlain
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195134575
- eISBN:
- 9780199864065
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health, Communities and Organizations
Treatment foster care (TFC) is a family-based alternative to residential, institutional, and group care for children and adolescents displaying significant behavioral, emotional, and mental health ...
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Treatment foster care (TFC) is a family-based alternative to residential, institutional, and group care for children and adolescents displaying significant behavioral, emotional, and mental health problems. This chapter examines the use of TFC in children and adolescents with antisocial and conduct problems. It presents a brief overview of the development of antisocial behavior throughout childhood and adolescence, including a description of antecedents and risk factors at various stages of development. Examples of the use of the TFC model are then discussed, including identification of outcomes targeted for change in treatment. The key parameters of the Oregon TFC model are described. The practical aspects of running a TFC program are also considered.Less
Treatment foster care (TFC) is a family-based alternative to residential, institutional, and group care for children and adolescents displaying significant behavioral, emotional, and mental health problems. This chapter examines the use of TFC in children and adolescents with antisocial and conduct problems. It presents a brief overview of the development of antisocial behavior throughout childhood and adolescence, including a description of antecedents and risk factors at various stages of development. Examples of the use of the TFC model are then discussed, including identification of outcomes targeted for change in treatment. The key parameters of the Oregon TFC model are described. The practical aspects of running a TFC program are also considered.
Adrian Raine and Jill Portnoy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199917938
- eISBN:
- 9780199950430
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917938.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter focuses on biomarkers for conduct disorder, antisocial behavior, and delinquency, with a special emphasis on low resting heart rate. This factor has been extensively replicated in ...
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This chapter focuses on biomarkers for conduct disorder, antisocial behavior, and delinquency, with a special emphasis on low resting heart rate. This factor has been extensively replicated in different populations and different negative outcomes even when possible confounds were taken into account. The heart rate is related to other concepts such as unpleasant physiological state and fearlessness, and may be a marker for noradrenergic and reduced right brain functioning. The chapter advocates future studies to demonstrate the extent to which heart rate is a good biological and predictive marker for conduct problems, antisocial behavior, and delinquency.Less
This chapter focuses on biomarkers for conduct disorder, antisocial behavior, and delinquency, with a special emphasis on low resting heart rate. This factor has been extensively replicated in different populations and different negative outcomes even when possible confounds were taken into account. The heart rate is related to other concepts such as unpleasant physiological state and fearlessness, and may be a marker for noradrenergic and reduced right brain functioning. The chapter advocates future studies to demonstrate the extent to which heart rate is a good biological and predictive marker for conduct problems, antisocial behavior, and delinquency.
Richard E. Tremblay
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199917938
- eISBN:
- 9780199950430
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917938.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter explains that in the course of executing the Montreal Longitudinal-Experimental Study, the author became convinced that some of the developmental origins of antisocial behavior were ...
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This chapter explains that in the course of executing the Montreal Longitudinal-Experimental Study, the author became convinced that some of the developmental origins of antisocial behavior were situated in the period prior to kindergarten. This chapter especially focuses on toddler’s aggression, anger, oppositional behavior, defiance, and overt disregard for rules. The author states that he is much aware of environmental factors that impinge on the development of antisocial behaviors, including intergenerational transmission of the behaviors. The chapter stresses the importance of gene expression studies (epigenetic) that indicate that environmental risk factors related to the mother “may start to have their impact on the child’s developing brain and eventual self-control problems during fetal life, and soon after, through their impact on gene expression”.Less
This chapter explains that in the course of executing the Montreal Longitudinal-Experimental Study, the author became convinced that some of the developmental origins of antisocial behavior were situated in the period prior to kindergarten. This chapter especially focuses on toddler’s aggression, anger, oppositional behavior, defiance, and overt disregard for rules. The author states that he is much aware of environmental factors that impinge on the development of antisocial behaviors, including intergenerational transmission of the behaviors. The chapter stresses the importance of gene expression studies (epigenetic) that indicate that environmental risk factors related to the mother “may start to have their impact on the child’s developing brain and eventual self-control problems during fetal life, and soon after, through their impact on gene expression”.
Essi Viding and Eamon McCrory
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199844180
- eISBN:
- 9780199369607
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199844180.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Forensic Psychology
This chapter begins by providing a short overview of the twin method and then consider four important points regarding the existing quantitative genetic data: (i) CU traits show heritable and mainly ...
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This chapter begins by providing a short overview of the twin method and then consider four important points regarding the existing quantitative genetic data: (i) CU traits show heritable and mainly non-shared environmental influences in childhood/adolescence.(ii) Same genetic and environmental influences are important in accounting for individual differences in CU traits for both males and females (although the magnitude of their influence may vary between sexes). (iii) At least for males, genetic factors account for stability of CU traits across development. (iv) Antisocial behavior in the presence of CU traits is strongly heritable.Less
This chapter begins by providing a short overview of the twin method and then consider four important points regarding the existing quantitative genetic data: (i) CU traits show heritable and mainly non-shared environmental influences in childhood/adolescence.(ii) Same genetic and environmental influences are important in accounting for individual differences in CU traits for both males and females (although the magnitude of their influence may vary between sexes). (iii) At least for males, genetic factors account for stability of CU traits across development. (iv) Antisocial behavior in the presence of CU traits is strongly heritable.
Brian H. Bornstein and Jeffrey S. Neuschatz
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- October 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190696344
- eISBN:
- 9780190696375
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190696344.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
In his final chapter, Münsterberg moves from the psychological questions of earlier chapters to the questions of how to prevent crime and whether criminals are “born” or “made.” The psychology of ...
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In his final chapter, Münsterberg moves from the psychological questions of earlier chapters to the questions of how to prevent crime and whether criminals are “born” or “made.” The psychology of crime, with its implications for prevention, treatment, and punishment, is a large question that continues to be of interest to psychologists, sociologists, criminologists, and policymakers. This chapter focuses on the two main issues that Münsterberg raises: the “nature-versus-nurture” question regarding criminality and the related question of criminal responsibility. Research shows that criminal behavior, especially for crimes involving violence, has significant biological as well as environmental components. Both biological and environmental factors have implications for criminal responsibility—if one commits a crime because his brain or history of conditioning predisposed him to it, should he be held accountable for it? This chapter discusses questions related to criminal responsibility in the context of the relevant legal standards and psychological research.Less
In his final chapter, Münsterberg moves from the psychological questions of earlier chapters to the questions of how to prevent crime and whether criminals are “born” or “made.” The psychology of crime, with its implications for prevention, treatment, and punishment, is a large question that continues to be of interest to psychologists, sociologists, criminologists, and policymakers. This chapter focuses on the two main issues that Münsterberg raises: the “nature-versus-nurture” question regarding criminality and the related question of criminal responsibility. Research shows that criminal behavior, especially for crimes involving violence, has significant biological as well as environmental components. Both biological and environmental factors have implications for criminal responsibility—if one commits a crime because his brain or history of conditioning predisposed him to it, should he be held accountable for it? This chapter discusses questions related to criminal responsibility in the context of the relevant legal standards and psychological research.
Alex R. Piquero, Terrie E. Moffitt, and Brian Lawton
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226319889
- eISBN:
- 9780226319919
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226319919.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This chapter provides some initial evidence that may be used as a starting point in studying the race–crime link. The chapter describes how contextual-, familial-, and individual-level models attempt ...
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This chapter provides some initial evidence that may be used as a starting point in studying the race–crime link. The chapter describes how contextual-, familial-, and individual-level models attempt to account for patterns of antisocial behavior in urban communities. The argument presented is that individual and familial risks are exacerbated in the most disadvantaged communities, especially those disadvantaged communities in which African Americans are overrepresented. Race-specific models are examined to determine if the constellation of contextual-, familial-, and individual-level risk factors predict antisocial behavior differently for whites and African Americans, as well as across distinct neighborhood contexts. The chapter begins with a vignette of three teenagers, each residing in the same underclass neighborhood, whose developmental trajectories are unique.Less
This chapter provides some initial evidence that may be used as a starting point in studying the race–crime link. The chapter describes how contextual-, familial-, and individual-level models attempt to account for patterns of antisocial behavior in urban communities. The argument presented is that individual and familial risks are exacerbated in the most disadvantaged communities, especially those disadvantaged communities in which African Americans are overrepresented. Race-specific models are examined to determine if the constellation of contextual-, familial-, and individual-level risk factors predict antisocial behavior differently for whites and African Americans, as well as across distinct neighborhood contexts. The chapter begins with a vignette of three teenagers, each residing in the same underclass neighborhood, whose developmental trajectories are unique.
Muniba Saleem and Craig A. Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195384642
- eISBN:
- 9780199914609
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384642.003.0033
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
This chapter discusses the importance of studying aggression and violence through a risk and protective factor approach; clarifies some common misunderstandings regarding media violence studies; ...
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This chapter discusses the importance of studying aggression and violence through a risk and protective factor approach; clarifies some common misunderstandings regarding media violence studies; describes a psychological perspective on how humans can learn through direct and indirect observations; and summarizes evidence on the effects of media violence, especially within field experiments. It concludes by presenting hypotheses on how prosocial media may be used to reduce antisocial cognition and behavior, and offers policy relevant suggestions.Less
This chapter discusses the importance of studying aggression and violence through a risk and protective factor approach; clarifies some common misunderstandings regarding media violence studies; describes a psychological perspective on how humans can learn through direct and indirect observations; and summarizes evidence on the effects of media violence, especially within field experiments. It concludes by presenting hypotheses on how prosocial media may be used to reduce antisocial cognition and behavior, and offers policy relevant suggestions.
Christopher T. Barry and Mallory L. Malkin
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199753475
- eISBN:
- 9780190255985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199753475.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter discusses the basic foundation of evidence-based assessment of youth behavioral problems. It provides an overview of the developmental, intrapersonal, contextual, maintaining, and ...
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This chapter discusses the basic foundation of evidence-based assessment of youth behavioral problems. It provides an overview of the developmental, intrapersonal, contextual, maintaining, and protective factors considered in the assessment of child and adolescent antisocial behavior (ASB). Included in this discussion are the many challenges that have emerged concerning evidence-based assessment of youth ASB and potential future directions for related research. The primary focus on intervention is aimed at ASB, which considers the potential of such behavioral problems to develop into criminality and its effect on society.Less
This chapter discusses the basic foundation of evidence-based assessment of youth behavioral problems. It provides an overview of the developmental, intrapersonal, contextual, maintaining, and protective factors considered in the assessment of child and adolescent antisocial behavior (ASB). Included in this discussion are the many challenges that have emerged concerning evidence-based assessment of youth ASB and potential future directions for related research. The primary focus on intervention is aimed at ASB, which considers the potential of such behavioral problems to develop into criminality and its effect on society.
Christopher Slobogin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195189957
- eISBN:
- 9780199893980
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195189957.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Forensic Psychology
Culpability and dangerousness are the two central issues raised by any sensible societal attempt to deal with antisocial behavior. For the past century, mental health professionals have been heavily ...
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Culpability and dangerousness are the two central issues raised by any sensible societal attempt to deal with antisocial behavior. For the past century, mental health professionals have been heavily involved in helping the law address these issues. But critics deride clinical testimony about culpability as disguised storytelling and tar expert predictions by comparing them unfavorably to coin flipping. They have been aided in these efforts by a series of decisions from the U.S. Supreme Court that appear to impose a relatively high threshold for expert testimony, one that requires that the testimony’s underlying assumptions be verified as reliable through scientific or other testing. Although many courts have yet to consider the implications of those decisions for behavioral science testimony, an increasing number of lower court decisions suggest that a more restrictive evidentiary regime is in the offing. This book is an effort to sort out whether that development would be a good thing. How we should go about proving culpability and dangerousness depends on a number of variables, including the governing substantive law, our ability to answer the questions that this law generates, the extent to which judges and juries can arrive at sensible conclusions without the help of experts, and whether the testimony proffered is from the government or from the person whose liberty is at stake. The book concludes that culpability and dangerousness are socially constructed concepts that probably cannot, and in any event should not, be determined solely through the scientific method.Less
Culpability and dangerousness are the two central issues raised by any sensible societal attempt to deal with antisocial behavior. For the past century, mental health professionals have been heavily involved in helping the law address these issues. But critics deride clinical testimony about culpability as disguised storytelling and tar expert predictions by comparing them unfavorably to coin flipping. They have been aided in these efforts by a series of decisions from the U.S. Supreme Court that appear to impose a relatively high threshold for expert testimony, one that requires that the testimony’s underlying assumptions be verified as reliable through scientific or other testing. Although many courts have yet to consider the implications of those decisions for behavioral science testimony, an increasing number of lower court decisions suggest that a more restrictive evidentiary regime is in the offing. This book is an effort to sort out whether that development would be a good thing. How we should go about proving culpability and dangerousness depends on a number of variables, including the governing substantive law, our ability to answer the questions that this law generates, the extent to which judges and juries can arrive at sensible conclusions without the help of experts, and whether the testimony proffered is from the government or from the person whose liberty is at stake. The book concludes that culpability and dangerousness are socially constructed concepts that probably cannot, and in any event should not, be determined solely through the scientific method.
Christopher R. Thomas and Kayla Pope (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199753475
- eISBN:
- 9780190255985
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199753475.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Antisocial behaviors including bullying, violence, and aggression have been an area of intense interest among researchers, clinicians, policy makers, and the general public because of their grievous ...
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Antisocial behaviors including bullying, violence, and aggression have been an area of intense interest among researchers, clinicians, policy makers, and the general public because of their grievous consequences on individuals and society. Our understanding of the origins and development of these behaviors in individuals has recently progressed with the application of new scientific advancements and technologies such as neuroimaging, genomics, and research methods that capture behavioral changes in the first few years of life. This book provides an overview of the recent research on the development of antisocial behavior and synthesizes this information to inform readers not only of the risks, but also how they interact, to result in antisocial and aggressive behavior. The volume is divided into three sections: advances in neuroscience, advances in behavioral and clinical research, and legal and policy implications. Specific topics include genetic markers and aggressive behavior, the use of fMRI to track adolescent brain development, the role of peer influences on aggression, parenting and temperament, screening tools for diagnosing antisocial behavior in toddlers and adolescents, and how new research will influence interventions, policy, and future study. The chapters discuss the insights these scientific approaches have provided in understanding how nature and the environment interact in the emergence of antisocial behavior.Less
Antisocial behaviors including bullying, violence, and aggression have been an area of intense interest among researchers, clinicians, policy makers, and the general public because of their grievous consequences on individuals and society. Our understanding of the origins and development of these behaviors in individuals has recently progressed with the application of new scientific advancements and technologies such as neuroimaging, genomics, and research methods that capture behavioral changes in the first few years of life. This book provides an overview of the recent research on the development of antisocial behavior and synthesizes this information to inform readers not only of the risks, but also how they interact, to result in antisocial and aggressive behavior. The volume is divided into three sections: advances in neuroscience, advances in behavioral and clinical research, and legal and policy implications. Specific topics include genetic markers and aggressive behavior, the use of fMRI to track adolescent brain development, the role of peer influences on aggression, parenting and temperament, screening tools for diagnosing antisocial behavior in toddlers and adolescents, and how new research will influence interventions, policy, and future study. The chapters discuss the insights these scientific approaches have provided in understanding how nature and the environment interact in the emergence of antisocial behavior.
John C. Gibbs
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199976171
- eISBN:
- 9780190256272
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199976171.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter examines the moral aspects of antisocial behavior. Drawing on the developmental theories of Lawrence Kohlberg and Martin Hoffman, it explores self-centration and other limitations ...
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This chapter examines the moral aspects of antisocial behavior. Drawing on the developmental theories of Lawrence Kohlberg and Martin Hoffman, it explores self-centration and other limitations characteristic of young people with antisocial behavior problems, taking into account the background factors of nature and nurture. Three limitations are discussed: developmental delay in moral judgment, self-serving cognitive distortions, and deficiencies in social skills. The chapter presents the case of a notoriously antisocial individual, Timothy McVeigh, with particular emphasis on his erroneous “moral” convictions and pseudo-justifications. It argues that McVeigh illustrates how cognitive distortions can preempt or neutralize social perspective-taking, moral understanding, and veridical empathy.Less
This chapter examines the moral aspects of antisocial behavior. Drawing on the developmental theories of Lawrence Kohlberg and Martin Hoffman, it explores self-centration and other limitations characteristic of young people with antisocial behavior problems, taking into account the background factors of nature and nurture. Three limitations are discussed: developmental delay in moral judgment, self-serving cognitive distortions, and deficiencies in social skills. The chapter presents the case of a notoriously antisocial individual, Timothy McVeigh, with particular emphasis on his erroneous “moral” convictions and pseudo-justifications. It argues that McVeigh illustrates how cognitive distortions can preempt or neutralize social perspective-taking, moral understanding, and veridical empathy.
Anil Chacko, Lindsay Anderson, and Estrella Rajwan
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199753475
- eISBN:
- 9780190255985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199753475.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter discusses the significance of the preschool period in early intervention to reduce risk for antisocial behavior (ASB) in youths. Behavioral markers can be identified during the preschool ...
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This chapter discusses the significance of the preschool period in early intervention to reduce risk for antisocial behavior (ASB) in youths. Behavioral markers can be identified during the preschool period that distinguishes children who are at greatest risk for developing ASB. Identifying behavioral should be straightforward; preschoolers who exhibit high levels of ASB are the most at risk for high rates of ASB throughout their development.Less
This chapter discusses the significance of the preschool period in early intervention to reduce risk for antisocial behavior (ASB) in youths. Behavioral markers can be identified during the preschool period that distinguishes children who are at greatest risk for developing ASB. Identifying behavioral should be straightforward; preschoolers who exhibit high levels of ASB are the most at risk for high rates of ASB throughout their development.
John C. Gibbs
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190878214
- eISBN:
- 9780190878245
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190878214.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
The referent for social behavior shifts in this chapter to antisocial behavior and how to account for it. Most offenders, from petty pranksters to ideological terrorists, fail (except for ...
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The referent for social behavior shifts in this chapter to antisocial behavior and how to account for it. Most offenders, from petty pranksters to ideological terrorists, fail (except for self-serving purposes) to take the perspectives of their victims. Social perspective-taking limitations pervade the “three Ds” of antisocial youth: moral developmental delay, self-serving cognitive distortions, and social skills deficiencies. The latter variables are needed to supplement Kohlberg’s and Hoffman’s emphasis on developmental delay if we are adequately to account for antisocial behavior. The chapter concludes with the powerful illustrative case of Timothy McVeigh. This case makes particularly clear how cognitive distortions can insulate a self-centered worldview (itself a primary distortion, linked to feeling superior or inadequately respected); that is, self-serving distortions can preempt or neutralize social perspective-taking, moral understanding, and veridical empathy.Less
The referent for social behavior shifts in this chapter to antisocial behavior and how to account for it. Most offenders, from petty pranksters to ideological terrorists, fail (except for self-serving purposes) to take the perspectives of their victims. Social perspective-taking limitations pervade the “three Ds” of antisocial youth: moral developmental delay, self-serving cognitive distortions, and social skills deficiencies. The latter variables are needed to supplement Kohlberg’s and Hoffman’s emphasis on developmental delay if we are adequately to account for antisocial behavior. The chapter concludes with the powerful illustrative case of Timothy McVeigh. This case makes particularly clear how cognitive distortions can insulate a self-centered worldview (itself a primary distortion, linked to feeling superior or inadequately respected); that is, self-serving distortions can preempt or neutralize social perspective-taking, moral understanding, and veridical empathy.
Dawn E. Stephen
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861347305
- eISBN:
- 9781447301950
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861347305.003.0014
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter explores the impact of the now dominant aspect of community safety policy: the management of ‘antisocial behaviour’ through ‘early interventions’. It firmly sets the tone for this ...
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This chapter explores the impact of the now dominant aspect of community safety policy: the management of ‘antisocial behaviour’ through ‘early interventions’. It firmly sets the tone for this critical exegesis of community safety and young people's place therein. It argues that instead of objective judgement, justice, and inclusion, community safety has become a tool of partiality and exclusion through ‘precautionary injustice’ techniques that increasingly demonise, and consequentially deny justice to, children and young people. It notes that as Goldson observes insightfully, the ideologies and domain assumptions that underpin ‘risk’ based early interventions are both intrinsically authoritarian and antithetical to long established principles of youth justice.Less
This chapter explores the impact of the now dominant aspect of community safety policy: the management of ‘antisocial behaviour’ through ‘early interventions’. It firmly sets the tone for this critical exegesis of community safety and young people's place therein. It argues that instead of objective judgement, justice, and inclusion, community safety has become a tool of partiality and exclusion through ‘precautionary injustice’ techniques that increasingly demonise, and consequentially deny justice to, children and young people. It notes that as Goldson observes insightfully, the ideologies and domain assumptions that underpin ‘risk’ based early interventions are both intrinsically authoritarian and antithetical to long established principles of youth justice.
Sharon Niv and Laura A. Baker
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199753475
- eISBN:
- 9780190255985
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199753475.003.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter reviews research on genetic markers for antisocial behavior (ASB) and aggression. Following a brief description of the definition and scope of studies in ASB, the chapter summarizes the ...
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This chapter reviews research on genetic markers for antisocial behavior (ASB) and aggression. Following a brief description of the definition and scope of studies in ASB, the chapter summarizes the quantitative genetic literature showing heritability of ASB. The chapter also provides a detailed review of various candidate genes and their effects on ASB, as well as the extent to which these candidate genes may suggest mechanisms involved in the gene-behavior pathways.Less
This chapter reviews research on genetic markers for antisocial behavior (ASB) and aggression. Following a brief description of the definition and scope of studies in ASB, the chapter summarizes the quantitative genetic literature showing heritability of ASB. The chapter also provides a detailed review of various candidate genes and their effects on ASB, as well as the extent to which these candidate genes may suggest mechanisms involved in the gene-behavior pathways.
Tod Schneider
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195179477
- eISBN:
- 9780199864638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179477.003.0019
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter discusses violence and crime prevention in schools. Environmental changes can help protect schools from violence, crime, and other antisocial behavior. First-generation Crime Prevention ...
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This chapter discusses violence and crime prevention in schools. Environmental changes can help protect schools from violence, crime, and other antisocial behavior. First-generation Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) focuses on physical measures: improving natural surveillance, access control, and territoriality. Second-generation CPTED addresses the affective environment and promotes connectivity through a positive school climate and culture.Less
This chapter discusses violence and crime prevention in schools. Environmental changes can help protect schools from violence, crime, and other antisocial behavior. First-generation Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) focuses on physical measures: improving natural surveillance, access control, and territoriality. Second-generation CPTED addresses the affective environment and promotes connectivity through a positive school climate and culture.
Seth G. Sanders
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226115122
- eISBN:
- 9780226115139
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226115139.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter argues that much can be gained by considering teenage childbearing for girls and crime for boys as two variants of antisocial behavior, and contends that the same developmental process ...
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This chapter argues that much can be gained by considering teenage childbearing for girls and crime for boys as two variants of antisocial behavior, and contends that the same developmental process which led boys to grow up willing to violate the social norms necessary to commit crime leads girls to violate the social norms in their own domain. The chapter is organized as follows. section 12.4 then takes a brief look at randomized controlled trials that try to manipulate directly aspects of parent–child interactions. A commentary is included at the end of the chapter.Less
This chapter argues that much can be gained by considering teenage childbearing for girls and crime for boys as two variants of antisocial behavior, and contends that the same developmental process which led boys to grow up willing to violate the social norms necessary to commit crime leads girls to violate the social norms in their own domain. The chapter is organized as follows. section 12.4 then takes a brief look at randomized controlled trials that try to manipulate directly aspects of parent–child interactions. A commentary is included at the end of the chapter.
John Welshman
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861348357
- eISBN:
- 9781447302384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861348357.003.0009
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter focuses on the way that New Labour has chosen to tackle social exclusion and child poverty from its election in May 1997, relating this to CASE research and to work on poverty dynamics, ...
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This chapter focuses on the way that New Labour has chosen to tackle social exclusion and child poverty from its election in May 1997, relating this to CASE research and to work on poverty dynamics, and looking in particular at the Sure Start initiative. It argues that these, along with the focus on transmission mechanisms and intergenerational continuities, point to marked continuities with the 1970s debate over transmitted deprivation. It also looks at other pressures, most notably those around antisocial behaviour and at Blair's JRF speech on social exclusion on 5 September 2006. It argues that New Labour started out with a focus on social exclusion. Blair's Beveridge Lecture on child poverty came out of the blue and the government was increasingly drawn into debates about antisocial behaviour. New initiatives on social exclusion mean that the continuities with transmitted deprivation are now much stronger than ever before.Less
This chapter focuses on the way that New Labour has chosen to tackle social exclusion and child poverty from its election in May 1997, relating this to CASE research and to work on poverty dynamics, and looking in particular at the Sure Start initiative. It argues that these, along with the focus on transmission mechanisms and intergenerational continuities, point to marked continuities with the 1970s debate over transmitted deprivation. It also looks at other pressures, most notably those around antisocial behaviour and at Blair's JRF speech on social exclusion on 5 September 2006. It argues that New Labour started out with a focus on social exclusion. Blair's Beveridge Lecture on child poverty came out of the blue and the government was increasingly drawn into debates about antisocial behaviour. New initiatives on social exclusion mean that the continuities with transmitted deprivation are now much stronger than ever before.
