Margarita López‐Maya
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198781837
- eISBN:
- 9780191598968
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198781830.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Causa R offered an alternative to the established parties in Venezuela that achieved considerable success as a result of both the major decentralization reforms of 1988 and then economic crises, ...
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Causa R offered an alternative to the established parties in Venezuela that achieved considerable success as a result of both the major decentralization reforms of 1988 and then economic crises, neo‐liberal reforms, and the riots and coup attempts of 1989–92. The chapter traces the history of the party from the early 1970s when small groups of dissident Marxists sought new forms of political action. Its base was among dissident unions, new neighbourhood organizations, and students. Its first successes politically were the election of Causa R mayors and a provincial governor in the state of Bolivar. In the multiple crises at the end of the 1980s, its anti‐corruption, anti‐party organization image allowed it to win the mayoralty of Caracas and receive a 22% share of the Presidential vote in 1993.Less
Causa R offered an alternative to the established parties in Venezuela that achieved considerable success as a result of both the major decentralization reforms of 1988 and then economic crises, neo‐liberal reforms, and the riots and coup attempts of 1989–92. The chapter traces the history of the party from the early 1970s when small groups of dissident Marxists sought new forms of political action. Its base was among dissident unions, new neighbourhood organizations, and students. Its first successes politically were the election of Causa R mayors and a provincial governor in the state of Bolivar. In the multiple crises at the end of the 1980s, its anti‐corruption, anti‐party organization image allowed it to win the mayoralty of Caracas and receive a 22% share of the Presidential vote in 1993.
John Williamson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199534081
- eISBN:
- 9780191714658
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199534081.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter traces the origin of the term ‘Washington Consensus’ to a paper written for a conference in 1989 that aimed to explore how the set of ideas accepted as a basis for policy in developing ...
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This chapter traces the origin of the term ‘Washington Consensus’ to a paper written for a conference in 1989 that aimed to explore how the set of ideas accepted as a basis for policy in developing countries had changed. Ten policies — covering the areas of macroeconomic discipline, microeconomic liberalization, and opening up the economy (globalization) — were asserted to be widely believed in Washington as widely needed in Latin America, and the conference papers were intended to explore the extent of agreement with those propositions in the region. The term subsequently evolved: while some people continued to use it in the original sense, it has also been identified with IMF/World Bank policies (and thus used to embrace capital account convertibility and the bipolar exchange rate doctrine as well as institution-building and anti-corruption policy) and with a belief in market fundamentalism. The chapter argues that this is a very different usage with little support (and certainly not consensus support) in Washington. It concludes by emphasizing that the reforms listed in 1989 are not adequate for the present day, and outlines desirable directions in which to supplement them.Less
This chapter traces the origin of the term ‘Washington Consensus’ to a paper written for a conference in 1989 that aimed to explore how the set of ideas accepted as a basis for policy in developing countries had changed. Ten policies — covering the areas of macroeconomic discipline, microeconomic liberalization, and opening up the economy (globalization) — were asserted to be widely believed in Washington as widely needed in Latin America, and the conference papers were intended to explore the extent of agreement with those propositions in the region. The term subsequently evolved: while some people continued to use it in the original sense, it has also been identified with IMF/World Bank policies (and thus used to embrace capital account convertibility and the bipolar exchange rate doctrine as well as institution-building and anti-corruption policy) and with a belief in market fundamentalism. The chapter argues that this is a very different usage with little support (and certainly not consensus support) in Washington. It concludes by emphasizing that the reforms listed in 1989 are not adequate for the present day, and outlines desirable directions in which to supplement them.
Junji Nakagawa
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199604661
- eISBN:
- 9780191731679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604661.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter analyzes international harmonization of regulations controlling two major types of international economic crimes: transnational money laundering and foreign corrupt practices. In both ...
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This chapter analyzes international harmonization of regulations controlling two major types of international economic crimes: transnational money laundering and foreign corrupt practices. In both cases, harmonization efforts started as domestic, notably US, regulation, which expanded into global regulation through international standard setting bodies, such as the FATF (Financial Action Task Force), the European Council on transnational money laundering and the OECD and UN on foreign corrupt practices. Involvement of the private sector, notably by private banks, in the drafting and implementation of the FATF Forty Recommendations is analyzed as an example of public-private partnership (PPP) in international harmonization.Less
This chapter analyzes international harmonization of regulations controlling two major types of international economic crimes: transnational money laundering and foreign corrupt practices. In both cases, harmonization efforts started as domestic, notably US, regulation, which expanded into global regulation through international standard setting bodies, such as the FATF (Financial Action Task Force), the European Council on transnational money laundering and the OECD and UN on foreign corrupt practices. Involvement of the private sector, notably by private banks, in the drafting and implementation of the FATF Forty Recommendations is analyzed as an example of public-private partnership (PPP) in international harmonization.
Ruoyun Bai
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099401
- eISBN:
- 9789882207646
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099401.003.0004
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Television
This chapter examines anti-corruption dramas. It focuses on Pure as Snow (Daxue wuhen, 2001) and demonstrates how a traditional Chinese cultural icon, Judge Bao (a fearless judge who pits himself ...
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This chapter examines anti-corruption dramas. It focuses on Pure as Snow (Daxue wuhen, 2001) and demonstrates how a traditional Chinese cultural icon, Judge Bao (a fearless judge who pits himself against politically powerful criminals), is reinvigorated in contemporary dramatization of corruption scandals to create an emotional moral community. The emotion of anger is the hallmark of this fictional community. By appropriating the ownership of this community, the Party, represented by “clean officials” in the drama, attempts to reconstitute its moral leadership.Less
This chapter examines anti-corruption dramas. It focuses on Pure as Snow (Daxue wuhen, 2001) and demonstrates how a traditional Chinese cultural icon, Judge Bao (a fearless judge who pits himself against politically powerful criminals), is reinvigorated in contemporary dramatization of corruption scandals to create an emotional moral community. The emotion of anger is the hallmark of this fictional community. By appropriating the ownership of this community, the Party, represented by “clean officials” in the drama, attempts to reconstitute its moral leadership.
S. K. Das
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195653823
- eISBN:
- 9780199081561
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195653823.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This introduction discusses the theme of this volume, which is about the two paradigms designed to control corruption in India. These include the older paradigm which is in ferment, and the new one ...
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This introduction discusses the theme of this volume, which is about the two paradigms designed to control corruption in India. These include the older paradigm which is in ferment, and the new one which offers a solution to the paradigmatic puzzle. The older paradigm, that is, merit-based bureaucracy, has failed to control corruption, and public bureaucracy in India today is rated as one of the most corrupt in the world. The alternative public management model or ‘new managerialism’ emphasizes that corruption is best fought when systematic efforts are made to inform citizens about their rights and entitlements, and empower them to resist corruption, thus, giving them the leading role in anti-corruption efforts.Less
This introduction discusses the theme of this volume, which is about the two paradigms designed to control corruption in India. These include the older paradigm which is in ferment, and the new one which offers a solution to the paradigmatic puzzle. The older paradigm, that is, merit-based bureaucracy, has failed to control corruption, and public bureaucracy in India today is rated as one of the most corrupt in the world. The alternative public management model or ‘new managerialism’ emphasizes that corruption is best fought when systematic efforts are made to inform citizens about their rights and entitlements, and empower them to resist corruption, thus, giving them the leading role in anti-corruption efforts.
James Heinzen
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300175257
- eISBN:
- 9780300224764
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300175257.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Russian and Former Soviet Union History
Traditions of official corruption inherited from the Soviet and late Imperial eras have continued to touch Russian life since the collapse of the USSR. This study is the first archive-based, ...
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Traditions of official corruption inherited from the Soviet and late Imperial eras have continued to touch Russian life since the collapse of the USSR. This study is the first archive-based, historical study of bribery and corruption in the Soviet Union for this period. A study of the solicitation and offering of bribes forms the heart of this research. Bribery (vziatochnichestvo)—typically defined in law as gifts in cash or in kind intended to influence public officials to the benefit of the giver—represents the paradigmatic variety of corruption. This study takes a novel approach to the phenomenon of the bribe, examining it as an integral part of an unofficial yet essential series of relationships upon which much of Soviet society and state administration relied in order to function, as it gradually became part of the fabric of everyday life. The book examines three major, related themes. The book’s first theme, “The Landscape of Bribery,” concerns the nature and varieties of bribery, while painting a sociological portrait of the people involved. Whom did prosecutors accuse of such crimes? The second major topic addresses the regime’s attempts to understand the causes of bribery, and then to wipe it out through centrally directed anti-corruption “campaigns.” “The view from below,” which examines popular perceptions and understandings of bribery, constitutes the third dimension of the study. Focusing on bribery among police, court, and other law enforcement employees, this phase explores the imprecise and shifting line that separated “acceptable” from “unacceptable” behavior.Less
Traditions of official corruption inherited from the Soviet and late Imperial eras have continued to touch Russian life since the collapse of the USSR. This study is the first archive-based, historical study of bribery and corruption in the Soviet Union for this period. A study of the solicitation and offering of bribes forms the heart of this research. Bribery (vziatochnichestvo)—typically defined in law as gifts in cash or in kind intended to influence public officials to the benefit of the giver—represents the paradigmatic variety of corruption. This study takes a novel approach to the phenomenon of the bribe, examining it as an integral part of an unofficial yet essential series of relationships upon which much of Soviet society and state administration relied in order to function, as it gradually became part of the fabric of everyday life. The book examines three major, related themes. The book’s first theme, “The Landscape of Bribery,” concerns the nature and varieties of bribery, while painting a sociological portrait of the people involved. Whom did prosecutors accuse of such crimes? The second major topic addresses the regime’s attempts to understand the causes of bribery, and then to wipe it out through centrally directed anti-corruption “campaigns.” “The view from below,” which examines popular perceptions and understandings of bribery, constitutes the third dimension of the study. Focusing on bribery among police, court, and other law enforcement employees, this phase explores the imprecise and shifting line that separated “acceptable” from “unacceptable” behavior.
Kevin E. Davis
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- August 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190070809
- eISBN:
- 9780190070830
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190070809.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
Between Impunity and Imperialism: The Regulation of Transnational Bribery describes the legal regime that regulates transnational bribery, identifies and explains the rationales that have guided its ...
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Between Impunity and Imperialism: The Regulation of Transnational Bribery describes the legal regime that regulates transnational bribery, identifies and explains the rationales that have guided its evolution, and suggests directions for reform. The broad argument is that the current regime embodies a set of values, theories, and practices labeled the “OECD paradigm.” A key premise is that transnational bribery is a serious problem which merits a vigorous legal response, particularly given the difficulty of detecting instances of bribery. The shape of the appropriate response can be summed up in the phrase, “every little bit helps.” In practice this means that: prohibitions should capture a broad range of conduct; enforcement should target as broad a range of actors as possible; sanctions should be as stiff as possible; and as many enforcement agencies as possible should be involved in the enforcement process. The OECD paradigm embraces two interrelated propositions: that transnational bribery is a serious problem and that it demands a uniform response. An important challenge to the OECD paradigm, labeled the “anti-imperialist critique,” accepts that transnational bribery is a serious problem but denies that the appropriate legal responses must be uniform. This book explores both the OECD paradigm and the anti-imperialist critique, and provides a detailed analysis of their implications for the key elements of transnational bribery law. It concludes by suggesting that the competing views can be reconciled by moving toward a more inclusive and experimentalist regime which accommodates reasonable disagreements about regulatory design and is crafted with due attention to the interests of all affected parties.Less
Between Impunity and Imperialism: The Regulation of Transnational Bribery describes the legal regime that regulates transnational bribery, identifies and explains the rationales that have guided its evolution, and suggests directions for reform. The broad argument is that the current regime embodies a set of values, theories, and practices labeled the “OECD paradigm.” A key premise is that transnational bribery is a serious problem which merits a vigorous legal response, particularly given the difficulty of detecting instances of bribery. The shape of the appropriate response can be summed up in the phrase, “every little bit helps.” In practice this means that: prohibitions should capture a broad range of conduct; enforcement should target as broad a range of actors as possible; sanctions should be as stiff as possible; and as many enforcement agencies as possible should be involved in the enforcement process. The OECD paradigm embraces two interrelated propositions: that transnational bribery is a serious problem and that it demands a uniform response. An important challenge to the OECD paradigm, labeled the “anti-imperialist critique,” accepts that transnational bribery is a serious problem but denies that the appropriate legal responses must be uniform. This book explores both the OECD paradigm and the anti-imperialist critique, and provides a detailed analysis of their implications for the key elements of transnational bribery law. It concludes by suggesting that the competing views can be reconciled by moving toward a more inclusive and experimentalist regime which accommodates reasonable disagreements about regulatory design and is crafted with due attention to the interests of all affected parties.
Xueping Zhong
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824834173
- eISBN:
- 9780824870010
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824834173.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Serialized television drama dianshiju, perhaps the most popular and influential cultural form in China over the past three decades, offers a wide and penetrating look at the tensions and ...
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Serialized television drama dianshiju, perhaps the most popular and influential cultural form in China over the past three decades, offers a wide and penetrating look at the tensions and contradictions of the post-revolutionary and pro-market period. This book draws attention to the multiple cultural and historical legacies that coexist and challenge each other within this dominant form of storytelling. This book argues for recognizing the complexity of dianshiju’s melodramatic mode and its various subgenres, in effect “refocusing” mainstream Chinese culture. The book opens with an examination of television as a narrative motif in three contemporary Chinese art-house films. It then turns attention to dianshiju’s most important subgenres. “Emperor dramas” highlight the link between popular culture’s obsession with emperors and modern Chinese intellectuals’ preoccupation with issues of history and tradition and how they relate to modernity. In an exploration of the “anti-corruption” subgenre, the book considers three representative dramas, exploring their diverse plots and emphases. “Youth dramas’” rich array of representations reveal the numerous social, economic, cultural, and ideological issues surrounding the notion of youth and its changing meanings. The chapter on “family-marriage” analyzes the ways in which women’s emotions are represented in relation to their desire for “happiness.” Song lyrics from music composed for television dramas are considered as “popular poetics.” The Epilogue returns to the relationship between intellectuals and the production of mainstream cultural meaning in the context of China’s post-revolutionary social, economic, and cultural transformation.Less
Serialized television drama dianshiju, perhaps the most popular and influential cultural form in China over the past three decades, offers a wide and penetrating look at the tensions and contradictions of the post-revolutionary and pro-market period. This book draws attention to the multiple cultural and historical legacies that coexist and challenge each other within this dominant form of storytelling. This book argues for recognizing the complexity of dianshiju’s melodramatic mode and its various subgenres, in effect “refocusing” mainstream Chinese culture. The book opens with an examination of television as a narrative motif in three contemporary Chinese art-house films. It then turns attention to dianshiju’s most important subgenres. “Emperor dramas” highlight the link between popular culture’s obsession with emperors and modern Chinese intellectuals’ preoccupation with issues of history and tradition and how they relate to modernity. In an exploration of the “anti-corruption” subgenre, the book considers three representative dramas, exploring their diverse plots and emphases. “Youth dramas’” rich array of representations reveal the numerous social, economic, cultural, and ideological issues surrounding the notion of youth and its changing meanings. The chapter on “family-marriage” analyzes the ways in which women’s emotions are represented in relation to their desire for “happiness.” Song lyrics from music composed for television dramas are considered as “popular poetics.” The Epilogue returns to the relationship between intellectuals and the production of mainstream cultural meaning in the context of China’s post-revolutionary social, economic, and cultural transformation.
Peter Larmour
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824835149
- eISBN:
- 9780824869519
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824835149.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
Corruption is a popular topic in the Pacific Islands. Politicians are accused of it and campaign against it. Fiji's coup leaders vowed to clean it up. Several countries have “leadership codes” ...
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Corruption is a popular topic in the Pacific Islands. Politicians are accused of it and campaign against it. Fiji's coup leaders vowed to clean it up. Several countries have “leadership codes” designed to reduce corruption, and others have created specialized anti-corruption agencies. Donors, the World Bank, and NGOs such as Transparency International have made it an international issue. Yet there is often disagreement about what constitutes corruption and how seriously it matters. What some view as corrupt may be regarded as harmless by others. Existing laws have proved difficult to enforce and seem out of step with public opinion, which is often very suspicious of corrupt behavior among island elites. As well as talk there is silence: People fear the consequences of complaining. The dangers of anti-corruption campaigns became apparent during the “cleanup” following Fiji's 2006 coup. So what counts as corruption in the Pacific and what causes it? How much is really going on? How can we measure it? What types are present? Are gifts really bribes? Is “culture” an excuse for corruption? Is politics—in particular, democracy—intrinsically corrupt? This book attempts to answer these questions. The book takes a comparative approach, drawing on economics, law, political science, and anthropology, as well as literature and poetry from the region. It looks at Transparency International's studies of National Integrity Systems and at newer research, including events since the Fiji coup.Less
Corruption is a popular topic in the Pacific Islands. Politicians are accused of it and campaign against it. Fiji's coup leaders vowed to clean it up. Several countries have “leadership codes” designed to reduce corruption, and others have created specialized anti-corruption agencies. Donors, the World Bank, and NGOs such as Transparency International have made it an international issue. Yet there is often disagreement about what constitutes corruption and how seriously it matters. What some view as corrupt may be regarded as harmless by others. Existing laws have proved difficult to enforce and seem out of step with public opinion, which is often very suspicious of corrupt behavior among island elites. As well as talk there is silence: People fear the consequences of complaining. The dangers of anti-corruption campaigns became apparent during the “cleanup” following Fiji's 2006 coup. So what counts as corruption in the Pacific and what causes it? How much is really going on? How can we measure it? What types are present? Are gifts really bribes? Is “culture” an excuse for corruption? Is politics—in particular, democracy—intrinsically corrupt? This book attempts to answer these questions. The book takes a comparative approach, drawing on economics, law, political science, and anthropology, as well as literature and poetry from the region. It looks at Transparency International's studies of National Integrity Systems and at newer research, including events since the Fiji coup.
C. Raj Kumar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077329
- eISBN:
- 9780199081004
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077329.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The introduction explains the theme of the book, which is about the human rights implications of corruption in India. It argues that corruption in India is not merely a law enforcement issue where ...
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The introduction explains the theme of the book, which is about the human rights implications of corruption in India. It argues that corruption in India is not merely a law enforcement issue where the existing laws of the state are violated and which can be remedied merely by more stringent law enforcement. It suggests that the existing anti-corruption framework in India places far too much emphasis on the criminal justice system for dealing with corruption, a system that is itself facing a crisis due to corruption and other problems. It also discusses the focus and principles of the so-called rights-based approach to fighting corruption.Less
The introduction explains the theme of the book, which is about the human rights implications of corruption in India. It argues that corruption in India is not merely a law enforcement issue where the existing laws of the state are violated and which can be remedied merely by more stringent law enforcement. It suggests that the existing anti-corruption framework in India places far too much emphasis on the criminal justice system for dealing with corruption, a system that is itself facing a crisis due to corruption and other problems. It also discusses the focus and principles of the so-called rights-based approach to fighting corruption.
C. Raj Kumar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077329
- eISBN:
- 9780199081004
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077329.003.0003
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter presents a comparative perspective of corruption and its consequences for governance in Asia. It discusses the proliferation of corruption and the models for combating corruption in ...
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This chapter presents a comparative perspective of corruption and its consequences for governance in Asia. It discusses the proliferation of corruption and the models for combating corruption in Asia. These include anti-corruption laws with no independent agency, anti-corruption laws with many agencies, and anti-corruption laws with an independent agency. This chapter argues that the third model which involves the creation of an independent institutional machinery to fight against corruption has proven to be most effective. It also explores the impact of corruption on cultural values and identifies the challenges to promoting human rights in Asia.Less
This chapter presents a comparative perspective of corruption and its consequences for governance in Asia. It discusses the proliferation of corruption and the models for combating corruption in Asia. These include anti-corruption laws with no independent agency, anti-corruption laws with many agencies, and anti-corruption laws with an independent agency. This chapter argues that the third model which involves the creation of an independent institutional machinery to fight against corruption has proven to be most effective. It also explores the impact of corruption on cultural values and identifies the challenges to promoting human rights in Asia.
C. Raj Kumar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077329
- eISBN:
- 9780199081004
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077329.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter describes the existing framework for fighting corruption in India. It explains that historically, the legislative framework for ensuring corruption-free governance in India has largely ...
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This chapter describes the existing framework for fighting corruption in India. It explains that historically, the legislative framework for ensuring corruption-free governance in India has largely been based upon two approaches. These are the promulgation of anti-corruption laws and vesting police and other similar law enforcement institutions with the task of the investigation and prosecution of crimes relating to corruption. It also discusses the issues of public interest litigation and judicial enforcement of corruption-free governance.Less
This chapter describes the existing framework for fighting corruption in India. It explains that historically, the legislative framework for ensuring corruption-free governance in India has largely been based upon two approaches. These are the promulgation of anti-corruption laws and vesting police and other similar law enforcement institutions with the task of the investigation and prosecution of crimes relating to corruption. It also discusses the issues of public interest litigation and judicial enforcement of corruption-free governance.
C. Raj Kumar
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077329
- eISBN:
- 9780199081004
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077329.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter examines the proposal for the establishment of an Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) in India. It contends that this proposal recognizes the inherent challenges of any ...
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This chapter examines the proposal for the establishment of an Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) in India. It contends that this proposal recognizes the inherent challenges of any institutional approach to seeking reforms, given the bottlenecks and obstacles for enforcement of the rule of law. It discusses the necessary framework for a successful anti-corruption agency, according to Transparency International. These include committed political backing at the highest levels of government, adequate resources to undertake its mission, and adequate powers of access to documentation and for the questioning of witnesses.Less
This chapter examines the proposal for the establishment of an Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) in India. It contends that this proposal recognizes the inherent challenges of any institutional approach to seeking reforms, given the bottlenecks and obstacles for enforcement of the rule of law. It discusses the necessary framework for a successful anti-corruption agency, according to Transparency International. These include committed political backing at the highest levels of government, adequate resources to undertake its mission, and adequate powers of access to documentation and for the questioning of witnesses.
Peter Larmour
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824835149
- eISBN:
- 9780824869519
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824835149.003.0009
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
This concluding chapter considers the ways that anti-corruption campaigns have been evaluated, by insiders and outsiders, at the implications of different interpretations for policy, and draws some ...
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This concluding chapter considers the ways that anti-corruption campaigns have been evaluated, by insiders and outsiders, at the implications of different interpretations for policy, and draws some conclusions about the relationship between the corruption literature and the Pacific Islands evidence. Corruption is an old and persistent problem of government, after all. The aid donors and international financial institutions want something to be done about corruption in countries they deal with. So do many Pacific Islanders. So do many Pacific Island politicians, though people may doubt their commitment. For these leaders and activists in particular, this chapter draws some insights about relativism, evaluation, and interpretation.Less
This concluding chapter considers the ways that anti-corruption campaigns have been evaluated, by insiders and outsiders, at the implications of different interpretations for policy, and draws some conclusions about the relationship between the corruption literature and the Pacific Islands evidence. Corruption is an old and persistent problem of government, after all. The aid donors and international financial institutions want something to be done about corruption in countries they deal with. So do many Pacific Islanders. So do many Pacific Island politicians, though people may doubt their commitment. For these leaders and activists in particular, this chapter draws some insights about relativism, evaluation, and interpretation.
Tom Gallagher
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719077432
- eISBN:
- 9781781702260
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719077432.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter reports the degree to which European Union (EU)-sponsored anti-corruption efforts made any difference to the scale of the chronic problem that dominated public life in Romania from 1989 ...
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This chapter reports the degree to which European Union (EU)-sponsored anti-corruption efforts made any difference to the scale of the chronic problem that dominated public life in Romania from 1989 until after it joined the EU. The EU was acutely concerned to discover the extent of corruption in Romania and the determination of figures high up in the political system to allow it to remain unimpeded. Anti-corruption rhetoric was merely a device to scare off or punish rivals. The anti-corruption legislation obliged public officials to fill out income and asset declarations in the belief that ‘the most serious forms of corruption in Romania are associated with organized crime’. The EU failed to acquire its own methodology for benchmarking corruption, which would have made it easier to commit recalcitrant governments to specific undertakings.Less
This chapter reports the degree to which European Union (EU)-sponsored anti-corruption efforts made any difference to the scale of the chronic problem that dominated public life in Romania from 1989 until after it joined the EU. The EU was acutely concerned to discover the extent of corruption in Romania and the determination of figures high up in the political system to allow it to remain unimpeded. Anti-corruption rhetoric was merely a device to scare off or punish rivals. The anti-corruption legislation obliged public officials to fill out income and asset declarations in the belief that ‘the most serious forms of corruption in Romania are associated with organized crime’. The EU failed to acquire its own methodology for benchmarking corruption, which would have made it easier to commit recalcitrant governments to specific undertakings.
Andrew Boutros
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190232399
- eISBN:
- 9780190232412
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190232399.003.0028
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology, Company and Commercial Law
On November 29, 2017, Deputy Attorney General (DAG) Rod Rosenstein announced a new and significant shift in the Department of Justice’s Enforcement Policy for the FCPA. The Policy is designed to ...
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On November 29, 2017, Deputy Attorney General (DAG) Rod Rosenstein announced a new and significant shift in the Department of Justice’s Enforcement Policy for the FCPA. The Policy is designed to provide more certainty to companies regarding the benefits of cooperating with federal enforcement officials investigating corrupt business activities abroad. It is critical for companies to understand this policy shift, which can be beneficial to proactive companies. This chapter discusses this policy shift (as well as the DAG’s subsequent clarification of the policy in his “Yates Memo” speech of November 29, 2018), including the definition of what constitutes voluntary disclosure, full cooperation, and remediation, all of which are required for a company to receive the benefits of the policy.Less
On November 29, 2017, Deputy Attorney General (DAG) Rod Rosenstein announced a new and significant shift in the Department of Justice’s Enforcement Policy for the FCPA. The Policy is designed to provide more certainty to companies regarding the benefits of cooperating with federal enforcement officials investigating corrupt business activities abroad. It is critical for companies to understand this policy shift, which can be beneficial to proactive companies. This chapter discusses this policy shift (as well as the DAG’s subsequent clarification of the policy in his “Yates Memo” speech of November 29, 2018), including the definition of what constitutes voluntary disclosure, full cooperation, and remediation, all of which are required for a company to receive the benefits of the policy.
Kelly M. McMann
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801453274
- eISBN:
- 9780801454912
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801453274.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
This chapter offers policy recommendations that are in tune with the socioeconomic realities of developing countries based on the findings discussed in the previous chapters. It suggests that ...
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This chapter offers policy recommendations that are in tune with the socioeconomic realities of developing countries based on the findings discussed in the previous chapters. It suggests that anticorruption strategies should include the expansion of non-state sources of assistance for average citizens. This book highlights that corruption, despite its negative societal implications, is a sound survival strategy for individuals. Loosening government policies that limit the activities of societal groups, such as religious organizations, as well as actively developing institutions to increase market competition, such as credit registries, would provide individuals with survival alternatives that have fewer social costs. In addition to reforming government, providing citizens with alternatives to corruption is likely to be an effective anticorruption strategy.Less
This chapter offers policy recommendations that are in tune with the socioeconomic realities of developing countries based on the findings discussed in the previous chapters. It suggests that anticorruption strategies should include the expansion of non-state sources of assistance for average citizens. This book highlights that corruption, despite its negative societal implications, is a sound survival strategy for individuals. Loosening government policies that limit the activities of societal groups, such as religious organizations, as well as actively developing institutions to increase market competition, such as credit registries, would provide individuals with survival alternatives that have fewer social costs. In addition to reforming government, providing citizens with alternatives to corruption is likely to be an effective anticorruption strategy.
Gurpreet Mahajan
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198092070
- eISBN:
- 9780199082704
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198092070.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Theory
This essay seeks to explore the notion of ‘civil society’. The context to the essay is provided by its frequent invocation in the recent movement against corruption. The popular media has tended to ...
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This essay seeks to explore the notion of ‘civil society’. The context to the essay is provided by its frequent invocation in the recent movement against corruption. The popular media has tended to propagate the view that civil society is somehow a more authentic representative of the common people than those elected to the formal institutions of democracy, like Parliament. However, the Campaign against Corruption—of which Anna Hazare was a prominent figure—was more like a movement than an institution of civil society. The essay argues for reconsidering the line that separates civil society from movements because the new social movements that are emerging all over the democratic world are very different from the movements of the past that were seeking fundamental changes in the social and political structure.Less
This essay seeks to explore the notion of ‘civil society’. The context to the essay is provided by its frequent invocation in the recent movement against corruption. The popular media has tended to propagate the view that civil society is somehow a more authentic representative of the common people than those elected to the formal institutions of democracy, like Parliament. However, the Campaign against Corruption—of which Anna Hazare was a prominent figure—was more like a movement than an institution of civil society. The essay argues for reconsidering the line that separates civil society from movements because the new social movements that are emerging all over the democratic world are very different from the movements of the past that were seeking fundamental changes in the social and political structure.
J. C. Sharman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781501705519
- eISBN:
- 9781501708442
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501705519.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter considers Australia as a host for the proceeds of foreign grand corruption, and addresses the common instances in which inward corruption flows have attracted scarce publicity and little ...
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This chapter considers Australia as a host for the proceeds of foreign grand corruption, and addresses the common instances in which inward corruption flows have attracted scarce publicity and little or no investigation, and where the host country government has been resistant to the idea of tracing, freezing, and returning looted wealth from abroad. People too often hear about the atypical anti-corruption success stories, while the more typical stories of corrupt leaders being able to enjoy their loot undisturbed are overlooked. The chapter argues that this lack of effectiveness is a result of a lack of willingness to take action rather than a lack of capacity. Australia has some of the most powerful applicable laws in the world, more stringent than those available to its American, Swiss, and British counterparts, but the authorities have lacked the inclination to apply them.Less
This chapter considers Australia as a host for the proceeds of foreign grand corruption, and addresses the common instances in which inward corruption flows have attracted scarce publicity and little or no investigation, and where the host country government has been resistant to the idea of tracing, freezing, and returning looted wealth from abroad. People too often hear about the atypical anti-corruption success stories, while the more typical stories of corrupt leaders being able to enjoy their loot undisturbed are overlooked. The chapter argues that this lack of effectiveness is a result of a lack of willingness to take action rather than a lack of capacity. Australia has some of the most powerful applicable laws in the world, more stringent than those available to its American, Swiss, and British counterparts, but the authorities have lacked the inclination to apply them.
Simon Butt and Tim Lindsey
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- October 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199677740
- eISBN:
- 9780191757242
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199677740.003.0014
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
Legal responses to Indonesia’s serious problems of embedded corruption are the subject of this chapter. It begins with an overview of the relevant legislation before moving to Indonesia’s first ...
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Legal responses to Indonesia’s serious problems of embedded corruption are the subject of this chapter. It begins with an overview of the relevant legislation before moving to Indonesia’s first effective anti-corruption agency, the KPK, describing its powers and impressive track record. The next topic is the anti-corruption courts, where corruption cases are prosecuted. This is followed by an assessment of efforts by the elite to weaken the KPK and the courts. The chapter also considers the causes of corruption, tracing them back to Soeharto’s rule, and analyses the so-called ‘judicial mafia’—legal system corruption. The chapter closes with four case studies focused on tensions between the KPK and the government. These cover attempts by politicians and police to undermine the KPK by discrediting its commissioners, including the so-called cicak-buaya scandals.Less
Legal responses to Indonesia’s serious problems of embedded corruption are the subject of this chapter. It begins with an overview of the relevant legislation before moving to Indonesia’s first effective anti-corruption agency, the KPK, describing its powers and impressive track record. The next topic is the anti-corruption courts, where corruption cases are prosecuted. This is followed by an assessment of efforts by the elite to weaken the KPK and the courts. The chapter also considers the causes of corruption, tracing them back to Soeharto’s rule, and analyses the so-called ‘judicial mafia’—legal system corruption. The chapter closes with four case studies focused on tensions between the KPK and the government. These cover attempts by politicians and police to undermine the KPK by discrediting its commissioners, including the so-called cicak-buaya scandals.
