David Favre
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195305104
- eISBN:
- 9780199850556
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305104.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter discusses issues concerning the awarding of new legal rights to nonhuman animals. It argues that animals should, in an important sense, be allowed to own themselves, and explains what ...
More
This chapter discusses issues concerning the awarding of new legal rights to nonhuman animals. It argues that animals should, in an important sense, be allowed to own themselves, and explains what this would mean in practice. The chapter suggests that one of the main problem of the animal rights movement is the tendency of their leaders to support only the purest philosophical position, regardless of political feasibility. It also considers the present possibility of moving towards the recognition of new rights for animals by awarding them the status of equitable self-ownership.Less
This chapter discusses issues concerning the awarding of new legal rights to nonhuman animals. It argues that animals should, in an important sense, be allowed to own themselves, and explains what this would mean in practice. The chapter suggests that one of the main problem of the animal rights movement is the tendency of their leaders to support only the purest philosophical position, regardless of political feasibility. It also considers the present possibility of moving towards the recognition of new rights for animals by awarding them the status of equitable self-ownership.
Stephen H. Webb
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195152296
- eISBN:
- 9780199849178
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152296.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Many of us keep pet animals; we rely on them for companionship and unconditional love. For some people their closest relationships may be with their pets. In the wake of the animal rights movement, ...
More
Many of us keep pet animals; we rely on them for companionship and unconditional love. For some people their closest relationships may be with their pets. In the wake of the animal rights movement, some ethicists have started to re-examine this relationship, and to question the rights of humans to “own” other sentient beings in this way. This book brings a Christian perspective to bear on the subject of our responsibility to animals, looked at through the lens of our relations with pets—especially dogs. The book argues that the emotional bond with companion animals should play a central role in the way we think about animals in general, and—against the more extreme animal liberationists—defends the intermingling of the human and animal worlds. It tries to imagine what it would be like to treat animals as a gift from God, and indeed argues that not only are animals a gift for us, but they give to us; we need to attend to their giving and return their gifts appropriately. Throughout, the book insists that what Christians call grace is present in our relations with animals just as it is with other humans. Grace is the inclusive and expansive power of God's love to create and sustain relationships of real mutuality and reciprocity, and the book unfolds the implications of the recognition that animals participate in God's abundant grace. The book's thesis affirms and persuasively defends many of the things that pet lovers feel instinctively—that their relationships with their companion animals are meaningful and important, and that their pets have value and worth in themselves in the eyes of God.Less
Many of us keep pet animals; we rely on them for companionship and unconditional love. For some people their closest relationships may be with their pets. In the wake of the animal rights movement, some ethicists have started to re-examine this relationship, and to question the rights of humans to “own” other sentient beings in this way. This book brings a Christian perspective to bear on the subject of our responsibility to animals, looked at through the lens of our relations with pets—especially dogs. The book argues that the emotional bond with companion animals should play a central role in the way we think about animals in general, and—against the more extreme animal liberationists—defends the intermingling of the human and animal worlds. It tries to imagine what it would be like to treat animals as a gift from God, and indeed argues that not only are animals a gift for us, but they give to us; we need to attend to their giving and return their gifts appropriately. Throughout, the book insists that what Christians call grace is present in our relations with animals just as it is with other humans. Grace is the inclusive and expansive power of God's love to create and sustain relationships of real mutuality and reciprocity, and the book unfolds the implications of the recognition that animals participate in God's abundant grace. The book's thesis affirms and persuasively defends many of the things that pet lovers feel instinctively—that their relationships with their companion animals are meaningful and important, and that their pets have value and worth in themselves in the eyes of God.
Henry S. Richardson
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198236009
- eISBN:
- 9780191598104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019823600X.003.0021
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
This essay presents an interpretation of the theory of animal movement that emphasizes the place Aristotle accords the good as the object of desire and the coordinate importance he assigns to desire ...
More
This essay presents an interpretation of the theory of animal movement that emphasizes the place Aristotle accords the good as the object of desire and the coordinate importance he assigns to desire and discernment. This interpretation is based on two competing models: the desire-based model, where the shape of the account of any action is based on some one occurrent desire; and the good-based model, where the account starts from some object aimed at as good. It is argued that the texts of De Anima 3. 9-11 better fit the good-based model of animal motion than the desire-based model.Less
This essay presents an interpretation of the theory of animal movement that emphasizes the place Aristotle accords the good as the object of desire and the coordinate importance he assigns to desire and discernment. This interpretation is based on two competing models: the desire-based model, where the shape of the account of any action is based on some one occurrent desire; and the good-based model, where the account starts from some object aimed at as good. It is argued that the texts of De Anima 3. 9-11 better fit the good-based model of animal motion than the desire-based model.
Ursula K. Heise
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226358024
- eISBN:
- 9780226358338
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226358338.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter discusses intellectual and political tensions between biodiversity conservation and the animal welfare movement. Whereas both movements are centrally concerned with the welfare of ...
More
This chapter discusses intellectual and political tensions between biodiversity conservation and the animal welfare movement. Whereas both movements are centrally concerned with the welfare of nonhumans and react against the modern divide between humans and animals, they differ in their visions of the nonhuman Other. Animal welfare has conventionally focused on domestic nature and on individual animals that are used as pets, farming commodities, subjects of scientific experiments, and exhibits in zoos and circuses. It has invoked the animal's capabilities and, sometimes, rights, to justify its moral consideration. Environmental conservation has emphasized wild animals and plants, species rather than individuals, and has invoked functioning ecology as that which should be protected. A comparative reading of Jacques Derrida and Aldo Leopold shows that animal welfare typically seeks to make animals members of the human community, whereas environmentalism seeks to make humans citizens of the ecological community. In practical scenarios that involve introduced species, as T. C. Boyle demonstrates in his novel When the Killing's Done, neither movement can entirely live up to its principles. But as environmentalism, under the sign of the Anthropocene, envisions nature increasingly as domesticated, the perspective of animal welfare becomes newly relevant to conservation efforts.Less
This chapter discusses intellectual and political tensions between biodiversity conservation and the animal welfare movement. Whereas both movements are centrally concerned with the welfare of nonhumans and react against the modern divide between humans and animals, they differ in their visions of the nonhuman Other. Animal welfare has conventionally focused on domestic nature and on individual animals that are used as pets, farming commodities, subjects of scientific experiments, and exhibits in zoos and circuses. It has invoked the animal's capabilities and, sometimes, rights, to justify its moral consideration. Environmental conservation has emphasized wild animals and plants, species rather than individuals, and has invoked functioning ecology as that which should be protected. A comparative reading of Jacques Derrida and Aldo Leopold shows that animal welfare typically seeks to make animals members of the human community, whereas environmentalism seeks to make humans citizens of the ecological community. In practical scenarios that involve introduced species, as T. C. Boyle demonstrates in his novel When the Killing's Done, neither movement can entirely live up to its principles. But as environmentalism, under the sign of the Anthropocene, envisions nature increasingly as domesticated, the perspective of animal welfare becomes newly relevant to conservation efforts.
Lars-Anders Hansson and Susanne Åkesson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199677184
- eISBN:
- 9780191785696
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677184.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Ecology
This chapter introduces the book and puts it into the context of how animals move by addressing different modes of movement, from sedentary to highly mobile organisms. The chapter also addresses ...
More
This chapter introduces the book and puts it into the context of how animals move by addressing different modes of movement, from sedentary to highly mobile organisms. The chapter also addresses costs and benefits of being mobile, as well as how energy can be translocated, both at the individual level and in an evolutionary perspective, in order to optimize the performance. The introductory chapter also provides an overview of the different sections of the book: chapters 2–4 discuss large-scale patterns of movement; chapters 5–8 look at movement strategies and adaptations; and chapters 9–13 examine the mechanisms and codes of navigations and movement.Less
This chapter introduces the book and puts it into the context of how animals move by addressing different modes of movement, from sedentary to highly mobile organisms. The chapter also addresses costs and benefits of being mobile, as well as how energy can be translocated, both at the individual level and in an evolutionary perspective, in order to optimize the performance. The introductory chapter also provides an overview of the different sections of the book: chapters 2–4 discuss large-scale patterns of movement; chapters 5–8 look at movement strategies and adaptations; and chapters 9–13 examine the mechanisms and codes of navigations and movement.
Lars-Anders Hansson and Susanne Åkesson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199677184
- eISBN:
- 9780191785696
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677184.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Ecology
This book takes a broad approach to animal movement across both temporal and spatial scales. Movement and migration on land, in the air, and in water are pervading features of animal life—from the ...
More
This book takes a broad approach to animal movement across both temporal and spatial scales. Movement and migration on land, in the air, and in water are pervading features of animal life—from the smallest protozoans to the largest whales—and can extend from millimetres to global scale. Research into animal movement ecology is now entering a new era with the development of novel molecular, electronic, and technical methods that make it possible to analyse the movements of individual animals under complex environmental conditions that determine the evolution of movement habits. This book addresses how and why animals move and in what ways they differ in their locomotion and navigation performance. The book also synthesizes current knowledge of the genetics of movement/migration, including gene flow and local adaptations. Based on long-term data sets, a future perspective on how patterns of animal migration may change over time together with the potential evolutionary consequences is provided. Throughout it is suggested that optimization is a useful approach for understanding the evolution of movement patterns among different animals as well as their travelling performance, movement strategies, and paths followed. Taking movement, dispersal, and migration into account is crucial for understanding the spatial scale of adaptation, and for analysing the consequences on population and community levels of landscape and climate change, as well as of invasive species.Less
This book takes a broad approach to animal movement across both temporal and spatial scales. Movement and migration on land, in the air, and in water are pervading features of animal life—from the smallest protozoans to the largest whales—and can extend from millimetres to global scale. Research into animal movement ecology is now entering a new era with the development of novel molecular, electronic, and technical methods that make it possible to analyse the movements of individual animals under complex environmental conditions that determine the evolution of movement habits. This book addresses how and why animals move and in what ways they differ in their locomotion and navigation performance. The book also synthesizes current knowledge of the genetics of movement/migration, including gene flow and local adaptations. Based on long-term data sets, a future perspective on how patterns of animal migration may change over time together with the potential evolutionary consequences is provided. Throughout it is suggested that optimization is a useful approach for understanding the evolution of movement patterns among different animals as well as their travelling performance, movement strategies, and paths followed. Taking movement, dispersal, and migration into account is crucial for understanding the spatial scale of adaptation, and for analysing the consequences on population and community levels of landscape and climate change, as well as of invasive species.
Kathy Rudy
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816674688
- eISBN:
- 9781452947433
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816674688.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Ethical Issues and Debates
The contemporary animal rights movement encompasses a wide range of sometimes-competing agendas from vegetarianism to animal liberation. For people for whom pets are family members—animal lovers ...
More
The contemporary animal rights movement encompasses a wide range of sometimes-competing agendas from vegetarianism to animal liberation. For people for whom pets are family members—animal lovers outside the fray—extremist positions in which all human–animal interaction is suspect often discourage involvement in the movement to end cruelty to other beings. This book argues that in order to achieve such goals as ending animal testing and factory farming, activists need to be better attuned to the profound emotional, even spiritual, attachment that many people have with the animals in their lives. Offering an alternative to both the acceptance of animal exploitation and radical animal liberation, the text shows that a deeper understanding of the nature of our feelings for and about animals can redefine the human–animal relationship in a positive way. The text explores five realms in which humans use animals: as pets, for food, in entertainment, in scientific research, and for clothing. In each case it presents new methods of animal advocacy to reach a more balanced and sustainable relationship association built on reciprocity and connection.Less
The contemporary animal rights movement encompasses a wide range of sometimes-competing agendas from vegetarianism to animal liberation. For people for whom pets are family members—animal lovers outside the fray—extremist positions in which all human–animal interaction is suspect often discourage involvement in the movement to end cruelty to other beings. This book argues that in order to achieve such goals as ending animal testing and factory farming, activists need to be better attuned to the profound emotional, even spiritual, attachment that many people have with the animals in their lives. Offering an alternative to both the acceptance of animal exploitation and radical animal liberation, the text shows that a deeper understanding of the nature of our feelings for and about animals can redefine the human–animal relationship in a positive way. The text explores five realms in which humans use animals: as pets, for food, in entertainment, in scientific research, and for clothing. In each case it presents new methods of animal advocacy to reach a more balanced and sustainable relationship association built on reciprocity and connection.
Janet M. Davis
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199733156
- eISBN:
- 9780190609030
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199733156.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century, Cultural History
This book investigates the historical significance of the American animal welfare movement at home and overseas from the Second Great Awakening to the Second World War, a time span encompassing the ...
More
This book investigates the historical significance of the American animal welfare movement at home and overseas from the Second Great Awakening to the Second World War, a time span encompassing the nation’s shift from muscle power to motorization. Dedicated primarily to laboring animals at its inception, the humane movement grew to include virtually all areas of human/animal interaction. Embracing animals as brethren through biblical concepts of stewardship, humane activists worked with temperance groups, educators, missionaries, religious leaders, civil rights activists, policy makers, and anti-imperialists to create an expansive transnational “gospel of kindness” in hopes of building a more merciful nation and world. Ultimately, animal protectionists defined kindness to animals as an American humanitarian ideal. Their interpretation of this “gospel” extended beyond the New Testament to preach kindness as a secular and spiritual truth. As an ideological and tactical product of antebellum evangelical revivalism and reform, as well as the rights revolution of the Civil War era, animal kindness became a barometer of free moral agency, higher civilization, and Americanization. Yet given the enormous intersectional diversity of the United States, its empire, and other countries of contact, standards of kindness and cruelty were culturally contingent and therefore controversial: those accused of cruelty invoked their own culturally specific ideas regarding their rights of self-determination to defend culturally specific animal practices, such as cockfighting, bullfighting, songbird consumption, and kosher slaughter that animal protectionists judged repugnant. Animal welfare, therefore, was—and remains—in the crosshairs of cultural and political contestation in a pluralistic society.Less
This book investigates the historical significance of the American animal welfare movement at home and overseas from the Second Great Awakening to the Second World War, a time span encompassing the nation’s shift from muscle power to motorization. Dedicated primarily to laboring animals at its inception, the humane movement grew to include virtually all areas of human/animal interaction. Embracing animals as brethren through biblical concepts of stewardship, humane activists worked with temperance groups, educators, missionaries, religious leaders, civil rights activists, policy makers, and anti-imperialists to create an expansive transnational “gospel of kindness” in hopes of building a more merciful nation and world. Ultimately, animal protectionists defined kindness to animals as an American humanitarian ideal. Their interpretation of this “gospel” extended beyond the New Testament to preach kindness as a secular and spiritual truth. As an ideological and tactical product of antebellum evangelical revivalism and reform, as well as the rights revolution of the Civil War era, animal kindness became a barometer of free moral agency, higher civilization, and Americanization. Yet given the enormous intersectional diversity of the United States, its empire, and other countries of contact, standards of kindness and cruelty were culturally contingent and therefore controversial: those accused of cruelty invoked their own culturally specific ideas regarding their rights of self-determination to defend culturally specific animal practices, such as cockfighting, bullfighting, songbird consumption, and kosher slaughter that animal protectionists judged repugnant. Animal welfare, therefore, was—and remains—in the crosshairs of cultural and political contestation in a pluralistic society.
Nathalie Pettorelli
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199693160
- eISBN:
- 9780191810145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199693160.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter focuses on the relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and wildlife management, exploring the potential of the NDVI in understanding the factors that ...
More
This chapter focuses on the relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and wildlife management, exploring the potential of the NDVI in understanding the factors that influence habitat use and selection and the prediction of animal abundance. It studies the relationship between NDVI variability and life history traits, considering the role of the NDVI in the variability in animal body mass, survival, and recruitment. It also presents the use of NDVI in studying the patterns of animal movement.Less
This chapter focuses on the relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and wildlife management, exploring the potential of the NDVI in understanding the factors that influence habitat use and selection and the prediction of animal abundance. It studies the relationship between NDVI variability and life history traits, considering the role of the NDVI in the variability in animal body mass, survival, and recruitment. It also presents the use of NDVI in studying the patterns of animal movement.
Luigi Boitani and Roger A. Powell (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199558520
- eISBN:
- 9780191774546
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558520.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Ecology
Animals that must hunt and kill for at least part of their living are inherently interesting to many people, and the role that carnivores play in biological communities attracts interest from ...
More
Animals that must hunt and kill for at least part of their living are inherently interesting to many people, and the role that carnivores play in biological communities attracts interest from ecologists and conservation biologists. Conflicts with human activities stimulate continual debates about the management of carnivore populations, and throughout the world people seek workable solutions for human/carnivore coexistence. This book describes research methods and techniques for the study and conservation of all terrestrial carnivore species. Particular attention is paid to techniques for managing the human/carnivore interface. Descriptions of the latest methodologies are supported by references to case studies, whilst dedicated boxes are used to illustrate how a technique is applied to a specific land cover type, species, or particular socio-economic context. The book describes the most recent advances in modelling the patterns of animal distributions, movements, and use of land cover types, as well as including the most efficient methods to trap, handle, and mark carnivores. Carnivores are biogeographically diverse and whilst extensive scientific research has investigated many aspects of carnivore biology, not all species have been equally covered. This book is unique in its intention to provide practical guidance for carrying out research and conservation of carnivores across all species and areas of the world.Less
Animals that must hunt and kill for at least part of their living are inherently interesting to many people, and the role that carnivores play in biological communities attracts interest from ecologists and conservation biologists. Conflicts with human activities stimulate continual debates about the management of carnivore populations, and throughout the world people seek workable solutions for human/carnivore coexistence. This book describes research methods and techniques for the study and conservation of all terrestrial carnivore species. Particular attention is paid to techniques for managing the human/carnivore interface. Descriptions of the latest methodologies are supported by references to case studies, whilst dedicated boxes are used to illustrate how a technique is applied to a specific land cover type, species, or particular socio-economic context. The book describes the most recent advances in modelling the patterns of animal distributions, movements, and use of land cover types, as well as including the most efficient methods to trap, handle, and mark carnivores. Carnivores are biogeographically diverse and whilst extensive scientific research has investigated many aspects of carnivore biology, not all species have been equally covered. This book is unique in its intention to provide practical guidance for carrying out research and conservation of carnivores across all species and areas of the world.
Angela Naimou
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780823264766
- eISBN:
- 9780823266616
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823264766.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature
Drawing from John Edgar Wideman’s Fanon, the epilogue reflects on how contemporary literature and art perform the work of salvaging the person from its legal histories. It examines the unlawful enemy ...
More
Drawing from John Edgar Wideman’s Fanon, the epilogue reflects on how contemporary literature and art perform the work of salvaging the person from its legal histories. It examines the unlawful enemy combatant as stateless person in the post-2001 war on terror along with two political movements that share little except the belief that legal personhood ensures legal protection—the Nonhuman Rights Project, which supports legal personhood for nonhuman animals, and the anti-abortion Personhood USA, which aims to make human fetuses and fertilized eggs legal persons. The epilogue examines the rhetoric of democratic citizenship, slavery, and abolition central to these arguments for expanding personhood. It considers the aftereffects of legal racial slavery in black life and across categories of race, labor, empire, and nation, even as the legal abolition of racial slavery becomes a pervasive metaphor for moral victory and the master precedent for extending the boundaries of legal personhood.Less
Drawing from John Edgar Wideman’s Fanon, the epilogue reflects on how contemporary literature and art perform the work of salvaging the person from its legal histories. It examines the unlawful enemy combatant as stateless person in the post-2001 war on terror along with two political movements that share little except the belief that legal personhood ensures legal protection—the Nonhuman Rights Project, which supports legal personhood for nonhuman animals, and the anti-abortion Personhood USA, which aims to make human fetuses and fertilized eggs legal persons. The epilogue examines the rhetoric of democratic citizenship, slavery, and abolition central to these arguments for expanding personhood. It considers the aftereffects of legal racial slavery in black life and across categories of race, labor, empire, and nation, even as the legal abolition of racial slavery becomes a pervasive metaphor for moral victory and the master precedent for extending the boundaries of legal personhood.
Robert Garner and Yewande Okuleye
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197508497
- eISBN:
- 9780197508527
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197508497.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, UK Politics
This chapter considers what Farrell defines as the “collective action” stage of a collaborative circle. The collective action pursued by members of the Oxford Group is documented in the context of ...
More
This chapter considers what Farrell defines as the “collective action” stage of a collaborative circle. The collective action pursued by members of the Oxford Group is documented in the context of the historical development of the animal protection movement. The activity of the group can be usefully divided into attempts to convince the academic community of the merits of vegetarianism, on the one hand, and, on the other, outward-facing activism directed at the wider community. A discussion of the group’s activism outside of the university environment can, in turn, distinguish between personal lifestyle statements, direct and overt campaigning, and published outputs, principally the edited volume Animals, Men and Morals, which led to the publication of Animal Liberation.Less
This chapter considers what Farrell defines as the “collective action” stage of a collaborative circle. The collective action pursued by members of the Oxford Group is documented in the context of the historical development of the animal protection movement. The activity of the group can be usefully divided into attempts to convince the academic community of the merits of vegetarianism, on the one hand, and, on the other, outward-facing activism directed at the wider community. A discussion of the group’s activism outside of the university environment can, in turn, distinguish between personal lifestyle statements, direct and overt campaigning, and published outputs, principally the edited volume Animals, Men and Morals, which led to the publication of Animal Liberation.
