Andrew Reynolds
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199544554
- eISBN:
- 9780191720390
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544554.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter considers in detail the archaeological evidence for deviant burial from Early Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries of the 5th to 7th centuries ad. The pre‐Christian centuries present challenges of ...
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This chapter considers in detail the archaeological evidence for deviant burial from Early Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries of the 5th to 7th centuries ad. The pre‐Christian centuries present challenges of interpretation in the absence of written evidence, and so this section of the book concentrates on the analysis and discussion of prone burials, decapitations, instances of amputation, and burials covered with rocks in order to characterize such practices with regard to issues such as distribution and chronology. National study reveals distinct regional variation in deviant burial rites, but that certain practices, such as prone burial, were widely applied. The chapter addresses the presence of grave goods with certain deviant burials, and argues that in a particular category of women's graves, those of so‐called ‘cunning women’, the bodies are often treated in unusual ways at burial, besides being interred with a wide range of distinctive objects. The chapter concludes that individual deviant rites were widely known, and probably commonly understood, but that they were applied at community level rather than being determined by any higher authority.Less
This chapter considers in detail the archaeological evidence for deviant burial from Early Anglo‐Saxon cemeteries of the 5th to 7th centuries ad. The pre‐Christian centuries present challenges of interpretation in the absence of written evidence, and so this section of the book concentrates on the analysis and discussion of prone burials, decapitations, instances of amputation, and burials covered with rocks in order to characterize such practices with regard to issues such as distribution and chronology. National study reveals distinct regional variation in deviant burial rites, but that certain practices, such as prone burial, were widely applied. The chapter addresses the presence of grave goods with certain deviant burials, and argues that in a particular category of women's graves, those of so‐called ‘cunning women’, the bodies are often treated in unusual ways at burial, besides being interred with a wide range of distinctive objects. The chapter concludes that individual deviant rites were widely known, and probably commonly understood, but that they were applied at community level rather than being determined by any higher authority.
Cassandra S. Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789285
- eISBN:
- 9780814764824
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789285.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
Phantom limb pain is one of the most intractable and merciless pains ever known—a pain that haunts appendages that do not physically exist, often persisting with uncanny realness long after fleshy ...
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Phantom limb pain is one of the most intractable and merciless pains ever known—a pain that haunts appendages that do not physically exist, often persisting with uncanny realness long after fleshy limbs have been traumatically, surgically, or congenitally lost. The very existence and “naturalness” of this pain has been instrumental in modern science's ability to create prosthetic technologies that many feel have transformative, self-actualizing, and even transcendent power. This book critically examines phantom limb pain and its relationship to prosthetic innovation, tracing the major shifts in knowledge of the causes and characteristics of the phenomenon. It exposes how the meanings of phantom limb pain have been influenced by developments in prosthetic science and ideas about the extraordinary power of these technologies to liberate and fundamentally alter the human body, mind, and spirit. The book examines the modernization of amputation and exposes how medical understanding about phantom limbs has changed from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first centuries. It interrogates the impact of advances in technology, medicine, psychology and neuroscience, as well as changes in the meaning of limb loss, popular representations of amputees, and corporeal ideology. The book questions our most deeply held ideas of what is normal, natural, and even moral about the physical human body.Less
Phantom limb pain is one of the most intractable and merciless pains ever known—a pain that haunts appendages that do not physically exist, often persisting with uncanny realness long after fleshy limbs have been traumatically, surgically, or congenitally lost. The very existence and “naturalness” of this pain has been instrumental in modern science's ability to create prosthetic technologies that many feel have transformative, self-actualizing, and even transcendent power. This book critically examines phantom limb pain and its relationship to prosthetic innovation, tracing the major shifts in knowledge of the causes and characteristics of the phenomenon. It exposes how the meanings of phantom limb pain have been influenced by developments in prosthetic science and ideas about the extraordinary power of these technologies to liberate and fundamentally alter the human body, mind, and spirit. The book examines the modernization of amputation and exposes how medical understanding about phantom limbs has changed from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first centuries. It interrogates the impact of advances in technology, medicine, psychology and neuroscience, as well as changes in the meaning of limb loss, popular representations of amputees, and corporeal ideology. The book questions our most deeply held ideas of what is normal, natural, and even moral about the physical human body.
Jonny Geber
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061177
- eISBN:
- 9780813051475
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061177.003.0004
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
To resort to the workhouse during the Famine was an act of desperation, and many people were seemingly severely malnourished and physically exhausted when they entered the institution. The ...
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To resort to the workhouse during the Famine was an act of desperation, and many people were seemingly severely malnourished and physically exhausted when they entered the institution. The overcrowded situation of the union workhouses in Ireland during the Famine turned many of them into hotspots of infectious diseases such as typhus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera and smallpox. The paleopathologcial analysis of the skeletons of deceased inmates from the Kilkenny workhouse revealed high rates of scurvy, which is a direct reflection of the Famine as Vitamin C was primarily acquired from the potato prior to the blight. Other diagnosed conditions include rickets, possible iron deficiency anemia, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis and respiratory disease. Discrepancies in relative mortality frequencies in skeletons with and without diagnosed diseases suggests that scurvy influenced the death rates in the workhouse, and that individuals who had previously experienced severe health insults prior to the Famine had a greater chance of longer survival. The physicians in the Kilkenny workhouse struggled immensely to keep people alive, and this effort is evident from cases of amputations and craniotomies.Less
To resort to the workhouse during the Famine was an act of desperation, and many people were seemingly severely malnourished and physically exhausted when they entered the institution. The overcrowded situation of the union workhouses in Ireland during the Famine turned many of them into hotspots of infectious diseases such as typhus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera and smallpox. The paleopathologcial analysis of the skeletons of deceased inmates from the Kilkenny workhouse revealed high rates of scurvy, which is a direct reflection of the Famine as Vitamin C was primarily acquired from the potato prior to the blight. Other diagnosed conditions include rickets, possible iron deficiency anemia, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis and respiratory disease. Discrepancies in relative mortality frequencies in skeletons with and without diagnosed diseases suggests that scurvy influenced the death rates in the workhouse, and that individuals who had previously experienced severe health insults prior to the Famine had a greater chance of longer survival. The physicians in the Kilkenny workhouse struggled immensely to keep people alive, and this effort is evident from cases of amputations and craniotomies.
Susannah Sirkin, James C. Cobey, and Eric Stover
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195311181
- eISBN:
- 9780199865086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311181.003.0007
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter describes the global situation concerning antipersonnel landmines. It discusses medical consequences of landmine casualties, and describes the Mine Ban Treaty and its effectiveness. Mine ...
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This chapter describes the global situation concerning antipersonnel landmines. It discusses medical consequences of landmine casualties, and describes the Mine Ban Treaty and its effectiveness. Mine risk education is also described.Less
This chapter describes the global situation concerning antipersonnel landmines. It discusses medical consequences of landmine casualties, and describes the Mine Ban Treaty and its effectiveness. Mine risk education is also described.
Cassandra S. Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789285
- eISBN:
- 9780814764824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789285.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
This book examines the link between phantom limb pain and prosthetic innovation—a relationship between ghosts and machines that has at times been pleasant, accommodating, and mutually beneficial. It ...
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This book examines the link between phantom limb pain and prosthetic innovation—a relationship between ghosts and machines that has at times been pleasant, accommodating, and mutually beneficial. It considers how prosthetization has transformed the bodies, selves, and identities of individuals who have survived amputation; how the promises and realizations of revolutionary forms of techno-corporeality shape our expectations from prosthetic technologies and from bodies, especially the “disfigured” or “functionally impaired”; and how corporeal ideology inform understandings of phantom peculiarities and influence efforts to legitimate the work being done on phantom limb syndrome. The book also explores how the phantom–prosthetic relations unfolded in the context of the modernization of amputation, including the maturation of the prosthetic industry and the development of a collaborative association between amputation surgery and prosthetic science.Less
This book examines the link between phantom limb pain and prosthetic innovation—a relationship between ghosts and machines that has at times been pleasant, accommodating, and mutually beneficial. It considers how prosthetization has transformed the bodies, selves, and identities of individuals who have survived amputation; how the promises and realizations of revolutionary forms of techno-corporeality shape our expectations from prosthetic technologies and from bodies, especially the “disfigured” or “functionally impaired”; and how corporeal ideology inform understandings of phantom peculiarities and influence efforts to legitimate the work being done on phantom limb syndrome. The book also explores how the phantom–prosthetic relations unfolded in the context of the modernization of amputation, including the maturation of the prosthetic industry and the development of a collaborative association between amputation surgery and prosthetic science.
Cassandra S. Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789285
- eISBN:
- 9780814764824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789285.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
This chapter examines how phantom–prosthetic relations unfolded in the context of the modernization of amputation, including the rapid state-sponsored expansion and maturation of the prosthetic ...
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This chapter examines how phantom–prosthetic relations unfolded in the context of the modernization of amputation, including the rapid state-sponsored expansion and maturation of the prosthetic industry and the collaboration between amputation surgery and prosthetic science. It first considers the debate between practitioners and researchers about the nature of phantom–prosthetic relations, a debate that was engendered by two apparently contradictory findings: prostheses both provoked phantom limbs and cured phantom limb syndrome. It then analyzes phantom limbs and prostheses in order to show how phantom–prosthetic relations have evolved over the twentieth and into the twenty-first century from the prosthetization of phantoms to the phantomization of prostheses and to phantom–prosthetic reciprocity. It also discusses the potential for prosthetic animation to prevent phantom pain and enable facile prosthesis use as well as the fundamental utility of phantom exercise to prevent or reverse cortical reorganization.Less
This chapter examines how phantom–prosthetic relations unfolded in the context of the modernization of amputation, including the rapid state-sponsored expansion and maturation of the prosthetic industry and the collaboration between amputation surgery and prosthetic science. It first considers the debate between practitioners and researchers about the nature of phantom–prosthetic relations, a debate that was engendered by two apparently contradictory findings: prostheses both provoked phantom limbs and cured phantom limb syndrome. It then analyzes phantom limbs and prostheses in order to show how phantom–prosthetic relations have evolved over the twentieth and into the twenty-first century from the prosthetization of phantoms to the phantomization of prostheses and to phantom–prosthetic reciprocity. It also discusses the potential for prosthetic animation to prevent phantom pain and enable facile prosthesis use as well as the fundamental utility of phantom exercise to prevent or reverse cortical reorganization.
Cassandra S. Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789285
- eISBN:
- 9780814764824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789285.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
This concluding chapter explores how, after the turn of the twenty-first century, phantom–prosthetic relations went awry despite the fact that ghosts and machines have never been more intimate. Using ...
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This concluding chapter explores how, after the turn of the twenty-first century, phantom–prosthetic relations went awry despite the fact that ghosts and machines have never been more intimate. Using the concept of authenticity as a rhetorical frame, it considers biomedical knowledge on phantom limb syndrome and the biopolitics of phantom–prosthetic relations in the present-day context. It also discusses the significance of phantoms becoming at once extraordinary and seemingly inconsequential, and how phantom–prosthetic relations have transformed and been transformed by the modernization of amputation. It also looks at the case of phantom penis to demystify claims of scientific authenticity and goes on to explain how transsexuality and apotemnophilia have been dragged in the debate over what counts as authentic amputation. It concludes by reflecting on phantom endangerment in relation to biomedicine and biopolitical order in the second decade of the twenty-first century.Less
This concluding chapter explores how, after the turn of the twenty-first century, phantom–prosthetic relations went awry despite the fact that ghosts and machines have never been more intimate. Using the concept of authenticity as a rhetorical frame, it considers biomedical knowledge on phantom limb syndrome and the biopolitics of phantom–prosthetic relations in the present-day context. It also discusses the significance of phantoms becoming at once extraordinary and seemingly inconsequential, and how phantom–prosthetic relations have transformed and been transformed by the modernization of amputation. It also looks at the case of phantom penis to demystify claims of scientific authenticity and goes on to explain how transsexuality and apotemnophilia have been dragged in the debate over what counts as authentic amputation. It concludes by reflecting on phantom endangerment in relation to biomedicine and biopolitical order in the second decade of the twenty-first century.
Melba Porter Hay
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125329
- eISBN:
- 9780813135236
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125329.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
Preeminent Kentucky reformer and women's rights advocate Madeline McDowell Breckinridge (1872–1920) was at the forefront of social change during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. ...
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Preeminent Kentucky reformer and women's rights advocate Madeline McDowell Breckinridge (1872–1920) was at the forefront of social change during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Breckinridge had a remarkably varied activist career that included roles in the promotion of public health, education, women's rights, and charity. Founder of the Lexington Civic League and Associated Charities, she successfully lobbied to create parks and playgrounds and to establish a juvenile court system in Kentucky. Breckinridge also became president of the Kentucky Equal Rights Association, served as vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and even campaigned across the country for the League of Nations. This book draws on newly discovered correspondence and rich personal interviews with her female associates to illuminate the fascinating life of this important Kentucky activist. Balancing Breckinridge's public reform efforts with her private concerns, it tells the story of her marriage to Desha Breckinridge, editor of the Lexington Herald, and how she used the match to her advantage by promoting social causes in the newspaper. The book also chronicles her ordeals with tuberculosis and amputation, and emotionally trying episodes of family betrayal and sex scandals. It describes how Breckinridge's physical struggles and personal losses transformed her from a privileged socialite into a selfless advocate for the disadvantaged. Later, as vice president of the National American Women Suffrage Association, she lobbied for Kentucky's ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, which gave women the right to vote in 1920. While devoting much of her life to the woman suffrage movement on the local and national levels, Breckinridge also supported the antituberculosis movement, social programs for the poor, compulsory school attendance, and laws regulating child labor.Less
Preeminent Kentucky reformer and women's rights advocate Madeline McDowell Breckinridge (1872–1920) was at the forefront of social change during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Breckinridge had a remarkably varied activist career that included roles in the promotion of public health, education, women's rights, and charity. Founder of the Lexington Civic League and Associated Charities, she successfully lobbied to create parks and playgrounds and to establish a juvenile court system in Kentucky. Breckinridge also became president of the Kentucky Equal Rights Association, served as vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and even campaigned across the country for the League of Nations. This book draws on newly discovered correspondence and rich personal interviews with her female associates to illuminate the fascinating life of this important Kentucky activist. Balancing Breckinridge's public reform efforts with her private concerns, it tells the story of her marriage to Desha Breckinridge, editor of the Lexington Herald, and how she used the match to her advantage by promoting social causes in the newspaper. The book also chronicles her ordeals with tuberculosis and amputation, and emotionally trying episodes of family betrayal and sex scandals. It describes how Breckinridge's physical struggles and personal losses transformed her from a privileged socialite into a selfless advocate for the disadvantaged. Later, as vice president of the National American Women Suffrage Association, she lobbied for Kentucky's ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, which gave women the right to vote in 1920. While devoting much of her life to the woman suffrage movement on the local and national levels, Breckinridge also supported the antituberculosis movement, social programs for the poor, compulsory school attendance, and laws regulating child labor.
Melba Porter Hay
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813125329
- eISBN:
- 9780813135236
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813125329.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
This chapter discusses Madeline's social life. A near-serious mishap, which she suffered in her cart when her pony Cigarette ran away with her, caused her chronic pain in her foot. Madeline underwent ...
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This chapter discusses Madeline's social life. A near-serious mishap, which she suffered in her cart when her pony Cigarette ran away with her, caused her chronic pain in her foot. Madeline underwent numerous treatments and surgery to resolve the problem. However, the chapter notes that the foot did not heal well and the doctors sent Madeline to another doctor to have her lungs checked and no problem showed up. Surgery in New York revealed the medical problem as tuberculosis of the bone and the foot was amputated by Dr. Gibney. The chapter notes that with the amputation of her foot, Madeline experienced one of the greatest traumas that could befall a young woman; yet she endured it without complaint and the adversity only invigorated her, while physical suffering increased her empathy for the poor, the sick, and the downtrodden.Less
This chapter discusses Madeline's social life. A near-serious mishap, which she suffered in her cart when her pony Cigarette ran away with her, caused her chronic pain in her foot. Madeline underwent numerous treatments and surgery to resolve the problem. However, the chapter notes that the foot did not heal well and the doctors sent Madeline to another doctor to have her lungs checked and no problem showed up. Surgery in New York revealed the medical problem as tuberculosis of the bone and the foot was amputated by Dr. Gibney. The chapter notes that with the amputation of her foot, Madeline experienced one of the greatest traumas that could befall a young woman; yet she endured it without complaint and the adversity only invigorated her, while physical suffering increased her empathy for the poor, the sick, and the downtrodden.
Ellen Samuels
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781479867820
- eISBN:
- 9781479802340
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479867820.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
Ellen Samuels examines Iron Man 3 (Shane Black, 2013), arguing that this film’s representations of veterans and disability reflected the social context in which increasing numbers of disabled ...
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Ellen Samuels examines Iron Man 3 (Shane Black, 2013), arguing that this film’s representations of veterans and disability reflected the social context in which increasing numbers of disabled veterans were returning to the U.S., with their futures uncertain. Drawing on veterans’ longstanding cultural roles as “heroes” or “villains,” this superhero film ultimately positions cure as both violent and mandatory, suggesting little cultural tolerance for veterans’ ongoing disabilities (specifically, PTSD and amputations) and the resources that such conditions would require. Bringing a disability studies reading to a Hollywood blockbuster, this chapter demonstrates the pervasiveness and power of disability narratives.Less
Ellen Samuels examines Iron Man 3 (Shane Black, 2013), arguing that this film’s representations of veterans and disability reflected the social context in which increasing numbers of disabled veterans were returning to the U.S., with their futures uncertain. Drawing on veterans’ longstanding cultural roles as “heroes” or “villains,” this superhero film ultimately positions cure as both violent and mandatory, suggesting little cultural tolerance for veterans’ ongoing disabilities (specifically, PTSD and amputations) and the resources that such conditions would require. Bringing a disability studies reading to a Hollywood blockbuster, this chapter demonstrates the pervasiveness and power of disability narratives.
Mark de Rond
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781501705489
- eISBN:
- 9781501707940
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501705489.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
The author recounts the day he reported for duty in the field hospital. Upon his arrival at Camp Bastion, the largest British overseas base since World War II, the author saw a wounded Gurkha being ...
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The author recounts the day he reported for duty in the field hospital. Upon his arrival at Camp Bastion, the largest British overseas base since World War II, the author saw a wounded Gurkha being treated by orthopedic surgeons and scrub nurses. Orthopedic surgeons are plentiful in Bastion, presumably because of too many amputations. The attending anesthetist let the surgeons know periodically how hard he had to work to keep up with the fading Gurkha. The next morning, the patients had all been Afghans. The author describes the mayhem that morning, which he says soon became typical fare. Despite its predictability, he admits he never got used to this prebreakfast ritual, which speaks of the brutality of humanity at war with itself.Less
The author recounts the day he reported for duty in the field hospital. Upon his arrival at Camp Bastion, the largest British overseas base since World War II, the author saw a wounded Gurkha being treated by orthopedic surgeons and scrub nurses. Orthopedic surgeons are plentiful in Bastion, presumably because of too many amputations. The attending anesthetist let the surgeons know periodically how hard he had to work to keep up with the fading Gurkha. The next morning, the patients had all been Afghans. The author describes the mayhem that morning, which he says soon became typical fare. Despite its predictability, he admits he never got used to this prebreakfast ritual, which speaks of the brutality of humanity at war with itself.
Willem de Blécourt
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780719089343
- eISBN:
- 9781781708743
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719089343.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
The motif of the werewolf’s severed paw occurs in a variety of texts of different periods. In contemporary popular culture, it is probably most familiar from Angela Carter’s fiction and Neil Jordan’s ...
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The motif of the werewolf’s severed paw occurs in a variety of texts of different periods. In contemporary popular culture, it is probably most familiar from Angela Carter’s fiction and Neil Jordan’s 1984 film The Company of Wolves (based on Carter’s short stories). That this motif specifically concerns the paw/hand transformation, as well as a female werewolf, is suggestive. In medieval European literary traditions, women’s cut-off hands symbolized their role as victims of incest. Moreover, in medieval religious and literary texts, incest was seen as something nonhuman and, in some cases, specifically pertaining to wolves. This chapter will argue that the metamorphosis associated with the severed paw motif thus contains a double incest metaphor, which was later obscured in popular culture and, eventually, lost through the switch in gender of the amputee (as seen in The Company of Wolves).Less
The motif of the werewolf’s severed paw occurs in a variety of texts of different periods. In contemporary popular culture, it is probably most familiar from Angela Carter’s fiction and Neil Jordan’s 1984 film The Company of Wolves (based on Carter’s short stories). That this motif specifically concerns the paw/hand transformation, as well as a female werewolf, is suggestive. In medieval European literary traditions, women’s cut-off hands symbolized their role as victims of incest. Moreover, in medieval religious and literary texts, incest was seen as something nonhuman and, in some cases, specifically pertaining to wolves. This chapter will argue that the metamorphosis associated with the severed paw motif thus contains a double incest metaphor, which was later obscured in popular culture and, eventually, lost through the switch in gender of the amputee (as seen in The Company of Wolves).
Julie Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781526101426
- eISBN:
- 9781526124166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526101426.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
The First World War witnessed an unprecedented scale of amputation. Traditionally, it has been argued that design and innovation were a direct result of the numbers of prostheses required to ...
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The First World War witnessed an unprecedented scale of amputation. Traditionally, it has been argued that design and innovation were a direct result of the numbers of prostheses required to re-embody the many thousands of amputees from the war. This chapter argues that innovations in artificial limbs were well-established in the nineteenth century. Furthermore, there were a number of reputable companies that maintained a good trade in artificial limbs. The surgical profession and the commercial arena, while aware of each other, operated separately in two spheres. The First World War physically narrowed this division, relocating the limb fitter and the surgeon in close proximity in specialist hospitals established for amputees. Many manufacturers, including some from overseas, were required to provide the amputee servicemen with limbs, yet the relationship between the two professions was not improved. Nevertheless, the specialist hospitals staffed with experts in surgical technique and artificial limb fitting benefitted a number of patients. Focusing on Queen Mary Roehampton Hospital, this chapter explores the relationship between physical spaces and professionals, and the impact that it has on medical care in the First World War.Less
The First World War witnessed an unprecedented scale of amputation. Traditionally, it has been argued that design and innovation were a direct result of the numbers of prostheses required to re-embody the many thousands of amputees from the war. This chapter argues that innovations in artificial limbs were well-established in the nineteenth century. Furthermore, there were a number of reputable companies that maintained a good trade in artificial limbs. The surgical profession and the commercial arena, while aware of each other, operated separately in two spheres. The First World War physically narrowed this division, relocating the limb fitter and the surgeon in close proximity in specialist hospitals established for amputees. Many manufacturers, including some from overseas, were required to provide the amputee servicemen with limbs, yet the relationship between the two professions was not improved. Nevertheless, the specialist hospitals staffed with experts in surgical technique and artificial limb fitting benefitted a number of patients. Focusing on Queen Mary Roehampton Hospital, this chapter explores the relationship between physical spaces and professionals, and the impact that it has on medical care in the First World War.
Victoria Duckett
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039669
- eISBN:
- 9780252097751
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039669.003.0007
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter explores new interconnections between private and public life, the provincial home and the global stage, in Mothers of France, a patriotic film that was made to encourage ...
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This chapter explores new interconnections between private and public life, the provincial home and the global stage, in Mothers of France, a patriotic film that was made to encourage Americans—particularly women—to participate in World War I. More specifically, it considers how Sarah Bernhardt in Mothers of France was used as a propaganda tool to sway American audiences to the Allied cause. Now engaging ideas about nation and nationhood in explicitly combative ways, the film's narrative begins in the bourgeois home but quickly moves into a provincial village and then into the trenches of the war. In the film Sarah Bernhardt appears at her most “cinematic” in contemporary terms, because film allowed her, literally, to move after the amputation of her leg. This chapter considers how World War I brings new meanings to the notion of “the home front” by following Bernhardt as a mother in the home, then see her as a patriot in the town, and finally as a nurse on the home front.Less
This chapter explores new interconnections between private and public life, the provincial home and the global stage, in Mothers of France, a patriotic film that was made to encourage Americans—particularly women—to participate in World War I. More specifically, it considers how Sarah Bernhardt in Mothers of France was used as a propaganda tool to sway American audiences to the Allied cause. Now engaging ideas about nation and nationhood in explicitly combative ways, the film's narrative begins in the bourgeois home but quickly moves into a provincial village and then into the trenches of the war. In the film Sarah Bernhardt appears at her most “cinematic” in contemporary terms, because film allowed her, literally, to move after the amputation of her leg. This chapter considers how World War I brings new meanings to the notion of “the home front” by following Bernhardt as a mother in the home, then see her as a patriot in the town, and finally as a nurse on the home front.
Cassandra S. Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814789285
- eISBN:
- 9780814764824
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814789285.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Health, Illness, and Medicine
This chapter examines how phantoms have driven transformations within the field of neuroscience, within the bodies, minds, and brains of amputees, and between bodies and prosthetic technologies. It ...
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This chapter examines how phantoms have driven transformations within the field of neuroscience, within the bodies, minds, and brains of amputees, and between bodies and prosthetic technologies. It first historicizes and contextualizes phantom limb syndrome, mainly by situating ethereal appendages within the social worlds of psychology, medicine, and biomedicine, while also noting the importance of phantoms as the source of and a resource for embodied recalcitrance. It then considers how embodied ghosts became a distinctively productive way of tapping into the most vital and compelling mysteries of the human brain, including its ability to generate the most complex sensory experiences. It also discusses research on the sensory and motor homunculi, “mislocation phenomenon” or “referred sensation” in cases of major amputation, the causal role of cortical plasticity in phantom limb pain after major amputation, and the impact of spatiality on phantom–prosthetic relations.Less
This chapter examines how phantoms have driven transformations within the field of neuroscience, within the bodies, minds, and brains of amputees, and between bodies and prosthetic technologies. It first historicizes and contextualizes phantom limb syndrome, mainly by situating ethereal appendages within the social worlds of psychology, medicine, and biomedicine, while also noting the importance of phantoms as the source of and a resource for embodied recalcitrance. It then considers how embodied ghosts became a distinctively productive way of tapping into the most vital and compelling mysteries of the human brain, including its ability to generate the most complex sensory experiences. It also discusses research on the sensory and motor homunculi, “mislocation phenomenon” or “referred sensation” in cases of major amputation, the causal role of cortical plasticity in phantom limb pain after major amputation, and the impact of spatiality on phantom–prosthetic relations.
Sliman J. Bensmaia
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- June 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780199674923
- eISBN:
- 9780191842702
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0053
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Sensory and Motor Systems, Development
This chapter on biohybrid touch interfaces discusses the importance of touch in everyday life, namely in object manipulation, embodiment, and emotional communication. It then describes approaches to ...
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This chapter on biohybrid touch interfaces discusses the importance of touch in everyday life, namely in object manipulation, embodiment, and emotional communication. It then describes approaches to restore touch for individuals who have lost a limb or who have upper spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and thus have lost sensation from their limbs. One promising approach to restoring sensorimotor function in these patients is to fit them with robotic prostheses. For these limbs to be clinically viable, however, the patients must not only be able to control movements of the limb but also be able to receive sensory feedback about the consequences of the movements. Touch can be restored by interfacing with the peripheral nerve or with the brain and each approach offers promise but also faces challenges.Less
This chapter on biohybrid touch interfaces discusses the importance of touch in everyday life, namely in object manipulation, embodiment, and emotional communication. It then describes approaches to restore touch for individuals who have lost a limb or who have upper spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and thus have lost sensation from their limbs. One promising approach to restoring sensorimotor function in these patients is to fit them with robotic prostheses. For these limbs to be clinically viable, however, the patients must not only be able to control movements of the limb but also be able to receive sensory feedback about the consequences of the movements. Touch can be restored by interfacing with the peripheral nerve or with the brain and each approach offers promise but also faces challenges.
Emily Heavey
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- February 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190256654
- eISBN:
- 9780190658281
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190256654.003.0008
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The idea that lives and selves are constructed in narrative has become almost universally accepted among narrative analysts. Particular attention has been paid to how narratives construct the self in ...
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The idea that lives and selves are constructed in narrative has become almost universally accepted among narrative analysts. Particular attention has been paid to how narratives construct the self in response to disruptive life events, such as illness. However, the body is often neglected or treated as incidental in such studies, even studies that analyze the narratives of life events that are as thoroughly embodied as illness. This chapter argues that the body itself can be understood as a narrative construction, as well as a physical reality. Indeed, the narrative construction of the body can be an important element of narrative identity construction, and vice versa. Understanding how body biographies are told, and how they construct individuals’ bodies, therefore, has important implications for our understanding of bodies, our understanding of identities and identity construction, and the scope of narrative inquiry.Less
The idea that lives and selves are constructed in narrative has become almost universally accepted among narrative analysts. Particular attention has been paid to how narratives construct the self in response to disruptive life events, such as illness. However, the body is often neglected or treated as incidental in such studies, even studies that analyze the narratives of life events that are as thoroughly embodied as illness. This chapter argues that the body itself can be understood as a narrative construction, as well as a physical reality. Indeed, the narrative construction of the body can be an important element of narrative identity construction, and vice versa. Understanding how body biographies are told, and how they construct individuals’ bodies, therefore, has important implications for our understanding of bodies, our understanding of identities and identity construction, and the scope of narrative inquiry.
Marilynn Richtarik
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- March 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199695034
- eISBN:
- 9780191803765
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199695034.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This chapter discusses the bone cancer that Jamie Stewart Parker had which was called Ewing’s Tumour. At the time, the only effective treatment for such a tumour was amputation of the diseased limb ...
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This chapter discusses the bone cancer that Jamie Stewart Parker had which was called Ewing’s Tumour. At the time, the only effective treatment for such a tumour was amputation of the diseased limb before the cancer spread. Parker’s left leg was amputated on 17 May 1961, after which he remained in the Royal Victoria Hospital for three months. This chapter also explains that the amputation made Parker something of a celebrity on campus, and on 6 October 1961 the student newspaper, ‘Gown’, ran a profile of him that offers a snapshot of his interests and attitudes at a crucial stage in his development.Less
This chapter discusses the bone cancer that Jamie Stewart Parker had which was called Ewing’s Tumour. At the time, the only effective treatment for such a tumour was amputation of the diseased limb before the cancer spread. Parker’s left leg was amputated on 17 May 1961, after which he remained in the Royal Victoria Hospital for three months. This chapter also explains that the amputation made Parker something of a celebrity on campus, and on 6 October 1961 the student newspaper, ‘Gown’, ran a profile of him that offers a snapshot of his interests and attitudes at a crucial stage in his development.
