Philip Nash
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813178394
- eISBN:
- 9780813178387
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813178394.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Breaking Protocol tells the story of the first female ambassadors in US history (1933–1964): Ruth Bryan Owen, Florence Jaffray Harriman, Perle S. Mesta, Eugenie M. Anderson, Clare Boothe Luce, and ...
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Breaking Protocol tells the story of the first female ambassadors in US history (1933–1964): Ruth Bryan Owen, Florence Jaffray Harriman, Perle S. Mesta, Eugenie M. Anderson, Clare Boothe Luce, and Frances E. Willis. This is the first group biography of the Big Six, one that places these women in a wider historical context based on deep and broad research in archival sources. It restores these women to their rightful place in history, and it assists the larger project of rendering women in international history visible.
It begins by establishing the historical context, the male-dominated world of American diplomacy in the first half of the twentieth century. It then devotes one chapter each to the six female ambassadors, describing their backgrounds and appointments, analyzing the issues they faced and experiences they had on the job, and assessing their performances.
It also traces the ambassadors’ reception by host countries; their sometimes fraught relations with the male-dominated State Department; the press coverage they received; the complications of protocol and the spouse issue; and how they practiced “people’s diplomacy”—getting to know, and representing America to, the host country’s whole society, not just its ruling elite. It ends by outlining the progress made and obstacles faced by women since the mid-1960s, and it concludes that, through their successful performances, the Big Six significantly contributed to gender progress in US foreign relations.Less
Breaking Protocol tells the story of the first female ambassadors in US history (1933–1964): Ruth Bryan Owen, Florence Jaffray Harriman, Perle S. Mesta, Eugenie M. Anderson, Clare Boothe Luce, and Frances E. Willis. This is the first group biography of the Big Six, one that places these women in a wider historical context based on deep and broad research in archival sources. It restores these women to their rightful place in history, and it assists the larger project of rendering women in international history visible.
It begins by establishing the historical context, the male-dominated world of American diplomacy in the first half of the twentieth century. It then devotes one chapter each to the six female ambassadors, describing their backgrounds and appointments, analyzing the issues they faced and experiences they had on the job, and assessing their performances.
It also traces the ambassadors’ reception by host countries; their sometimes fraught relations with the male-dominated State Department; the press coverage they received; the complications of protocol and the spouse issue; and how they practiced “people’s diplomacy”—getting to know, and representing America to, the host country’s whole society, not just its ruling elite. It ends by outlining the progress made and obstacles faced by women since the mid-1960s, and it concludes that, through their successful performances, the Big Six significantly contributed to gender progress in US foreign relations.
Thomas F. Farr
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195179958
- eISBN:
- 9780199869749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179958.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Robert Seiple, a Republican evangelical, was chosen by President William Clinton to lead his administration's religious freedom initiative. Initially the administration hoped that Seiple's ...
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Robert Seiple, a Republican evangelical, was chosen by President William Clinton to lead his administration's religious freedom initiative. Initially the administration hoped that Seiple's appointment would forestall the IRF Act itself. When the Act was passed anyway, Seiple became the first IRF Ambassador at Large, a position established by the Act. Within the Department, however, the bureaucracy reverted to its default position of isolating the new initiative within the bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, itself out of the mainstream of foreign policy. Seiple fought for a permanent staff but ultimately acquiesced in functional and bureaucratic isolation, choosing instead to travel widely. His legacy lies in the dens of persecution abroad, and with his having won the “battle over China,”—i.e., convincing Secretary Madeleine Albright to designate China as a “country of particular concern” under the IRF Act. Seiple also began the “Islamic Roundtable” at State, a prescient idea whose time was yet to come.Less
Robert Seiple, a Republican evangelical, was chosen by President William Clinton to lead his administration's religious freedom initiative. Initially the administration hoped that Seiple's appointment would forestall the IRF Act itself. When the Act was passed anyway, Seiple became the first IRF Ambassador at Large, a position established by the Act. Within the Department, however, the bureaucracy reverted to its default position of isolating the new initiative within the bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, itself out of the mainstream of foreign policy. Seiple fought for a permanent staff but ultimately acquiesced in functional and bureaucratic isolation, choosing instead to travel widely. His legacy lies in the dens of persecution abroad, and with his having won the “battle over China,”—i.e., convincing Secretary Madeleine Albright to designate China as a “country of particular concern” under the IRF Act. Seiple also began the “Islamic Roundtable” at State, a prescient idea whose time was yet to come.
Beth L. Glixon and Jonathan E. Glixon
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195154160
- eISBN:
- 9780199868483
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154160.003.0011
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter explores questions regarding the audience, ticket sales, attendance figures, and the patronage of opera in Venice. Opera boxes are viewed in this chapter not so much as a form of income ...
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This chapter explores questions regarding the audience, ticket sales, attendance figures, and the patronage of opera in Venice. Opera boxes are viewed in this chapter not so much as a form of income for the theater, but as a means of displaying social status. For several theaters, especially S. Aponal, surviving records and accounts allow for a study of the boxholders, and audiences consisting of a mix of Venetian patricians, Venetian cittadini and businessmen, and foreigners can be observed. Ambassadors, moreover, had special privileges in the granting of opera boxes. The chapter concludes with an examination of opera and patronage, making reference to previous theories of public opera espoused by Claudio Annibaldi, Lorenzo Bianconi, and Thomas Walker. The book concludes that opera in Venice was made possible only through the participation of a wide range of artisans, merchants, cittadini, and patricians, nearly all of whom risked losing money on this expensive entertainment.Less
This chapter explores questions regarding the audience, ticket sales, attendance figures, and the patronage of opera in Venice. Opera boxes are viewed in this chapter not so much as a form of income for the theater, but as a means of displaying social status. For several theaters, especially S. Aponal, surviving records and accounts allow for a study of the boxholders, and audiences consisting of a mix of Venetian patricians, Venetian cittadini and businessmen, and foreigners can be observed. Ambassadors, moreover, had special privileges in the granting of opera boxes. The chapter concludes with an examination of opera and patronage, making reference to previous theories of public opera espoused by Claudio Annibaldi, Lorenzo Bianconi, and Thomas Walker. The book concludes that opera in Venice was made possible only through the participation of a wide range of artisans, merchants, cittadini, and patricians, nearly all of whom risked losing money on this expensive entertainment.
Patrick Hart, Valerie Kennedy, and Dora Petherbridge (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474467353
- eISBN:
- 9781474491303
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467353.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
The book is the first print publication of Henrietta Liston’s Turkish Journals, a significant yet virtually unknown work of women’s travel writing. It is composed of the full text of the 1812-1814 ...
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The book is the first print publication of Henrietta Liston’s Turkish Journals, a significant yet virtually unknown work of women’s travel writing. It is composed of the full text of the 1812-1814 journal and some further writings, such a significant 1813 letter from Liston to her nephew, Dick Ramage and extracts from other journals, and these are preceded by an extensive critical introduction. The journals reveal that as the wife of the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Liston had privileged access to the Ottoman elite and to the diplomatic corps. They reflect on British-Ottoman relations, combining Orientalist perspectives with a human-centred version of the picturesque. Liston offers astute commentaries on people, places, and events – including a plague-ridden Constantinople, the harem of the Grand Vizier’s deputy, the presentation of ambassadors in the Seraglio and the departure of pilgrims on the hajj. The introduction includes sections on Liston’s life and the diplomatic context of her writings, and the Ottoman social and political context of the period. Liston’s writings are considered in relation to the discourses of travel writing, to British-Ottoman relations, to Orientalism and the picturesque, and to other eighteenth-and nineteenth-century women travellers and their works on the Ottoman Empire. There is also discussion of the manuscripts on which the book is based, and of issues such as their composition, revision, and transcription.Less
The book is the first print publication of Henrietta Liston’s Turkish Journals, a significant yet virtually unknown work of women’s travel writing. It is composed of the full text of the 1812-1814 journal and some further writings, such a significant 1813 letter from Liston to her nephew, Dick Ramage and extracts from other journals, and these are preceded by an extensive critical introduction. The journals reveal that as the wife of the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Liston had privileged access to the Ottoman elite and to the diplomatic corps. They reflect on British-Ottoman relations, combining Orientalist perspectives with a human-centred version of the picturesque. Liston offers astute commentaries on people, places, and events – including a plague-ridden Constantinople, the harem of the Grand Vizier’s deputy, the presentation of ambassadors in the Seraglio and the departure of pilgrims on the hajj. The introduction includes sections on Liston’s life and the diplomatic context of her writings, and the Ottoman social and political context of the period. Liston’s writings are considered in relation to the discourses of travel writing, to British-Ottoman relations, to Orientalism and the picturesque, and to other eighteenth-and nineteenth-century women travellers and their works on the Ottoman Empire. There is also discussion of the manuscripts on which the book is based, and of issues such as their composition, revision, and transcription.
William vanden Heuvel
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501738173
- eISBN:
- 9781501738180
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501738173.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This book is the memoir of Ambassador William J. vanden Heuvel. It weaves together his most important public speeches and writings, compiled over a lifetime of public service, with anecdotes of his ...
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This book is the memoir of Ambassador William J. vanden Heuvel. It weaves together his most important public speeches and writings, compiled over a lifetime of public service, with anecdotes of his adventures as a second-generation American, a soldier, a lawyer, a political activist and a diplomat. The chapters touch upon themes that resonate as much today as they did when he first encountered them: the impact of heroes and mentors, the problem of racism in America, tackling the crisis in America's prisons, the plight and promise of the United Nations, America and the Holocaust, and the legacy of FDR. He describes how individuals, himself among them, have tackled some of America's most intractable problems with ingenuity and goodwill. Along the way, he shares his journey with some of the great characters of American history: Eleanor Roosevelt, William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan, Jack and Bobby Kennedy, Harry S. Truman, Jimmy Carter. With wisdom and humor, he argues for embracing all the challenges and opportunities that life in America can offer.Less
This book is the memoir of Ambassador William J. vanden Heuvel. It weaves together his most important public speeches and writings, compiled over a lifetime of public service, with anecdotes of his adventures as a second-generation American, a soldier, a lawyer, a political activist and a diplomat. The chapters touch upon themes that resonate as much today as they did when he first encountered them: the impact of heroes and mentors, the problem of racism in America, tackling the crisis in America's prisons, the plight and promise of the United Nations, America and the Holocaust, and the legacy of FDR. He describes how individuals, himself among them, have tackled some of America's most intractable problems with ingenuity and goodwill. Along the way, he shares his journey with some of the great characters of American history: Eleanor Roosevelt, William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan, Jack and Bobby Kennedy, Harry S. Truman, Jimmy Carter. With wisdom and humor, he argues for embracing all the challenges and opportunities that life in America can offer.
Michael Hawcroft
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151852
- eISBN:
- 9780191672866
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151852.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama, European Literature
The obvious places to look for the application of the precepts of rhetoric are formal speeches in trials, in political assemblies, and in churches. The most obvious setting for persuasive activity is ...
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The obvious places to look for the application of the precepts of rhetoric are formal speeches in trials, in political assemblies, and in churches. The most obvious setting for persuasive activity is scenes of formal oratory: trial scenes, councils, and embassies. These are the kinds of oratory for which rhetoricians were principally offering advice. Formal oratory is not absent from Jean Racine's tragedy. Some of Racine's characters are, in fact, formal orators. This chapter looks at examples of formal oratory, examines the characters' use of inventio and dispositio, and comments on the theatrical qualities of such oratory. A discussion of Racine's use of formal oratory in the dramatic context should begin not with the tragedies, but with Les Plaideurs. The three ambassadors in Alexandre, Andromaque, and Athalie; the family embassy in Esther, and family oratory in Britannicus and Mithridate are all addressed in this chapter.Less
The obvious places to look for the application of the precepts of rhetoric are formal speeches in trials, in political assemblies, and in churches. The most obvious setting for persuasive activity is scenes of formal oratory: trial scenes, councils, and embassies. These are the kinds of oratory for which rhetoricians were principally offering advice. Formal oratory is not absent from Jean Racine's tragedy. Some of Racine's characters are, in fact, formal orators. This chapter looks at examples of formal oratory, examines the characters' use of inventio and dispositio, and comments on the theatrical qualities of such oratory. A discussion of Racine's use of formal oratory in the dramatic context should begin not with the tragedies, but with Les Plaideurs. The three ambassadors in Alexandre, Andromaque, and Athalie; the family embassy in Esther, and family oratory in Britannicus and Mithridate are all addressed in this chapter.
Peter J. Yearwood
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199226733
- eISBN:
- 9780191710308
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226733.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
London was outraged by Mussolini's bombardment and occupation of Corfu following the murder of the Italian president of the commission delimiting the Graeco‐Albanian border. Curzon and the Foreign ...
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London was outraged by Mussolini's bombardment and occupation of Corfu following the murder of the Italian president of the commission delimiting the Graeco‐Albanian border. Curzon and the Foreign Office were particularly concerned to back the League and reaffirm the principles of decent international conduct. Cecil at Geneva was more concerned to work with the French in finding a diplomatic solution. He largely devised the procedure whereby the Allied Conference of Ambassadors took responsibility for the outcome. Although criticized by the press barons Rothermere and Beaverbrook and by Lloyd George, London's support for the League was clearly popular, even if the result appeared disappointing. As a moderate compared to Curzon in this crisis, Cecil could not use the League as an issue against his colleagues. He became politically marginalized, while the 1923 election made support for Geneva essential for all major British statesmen.Less
London was outraged by Mussolini's bombardment and occupation of Corfu following the murder of the Italian president of the commission delimiting the Graeco‐Albanian border. Curzon and the Foreign Office were particularly concerned to back the League and reaffirm the principles of decent international conduct. Cecil at Geneva was more concerned to work with the French in finding a diplomatic solution. He largely devised the procedure whereby the Allied Conference of Ambassadors took responsibility for the outcome. Although criticized by the press barons Rothermere and Beaverbrook and by Lloyd George, London's support for the League was clearly popular, even if the result appeared disappointing. As a moderate compared to Curzon in this crisis, Cecil could not use the League as an issue against his colleagues. He became politically marginalized, while the 1923 election made support for Geneva essential for all major British statesmen.
Roslyn Jolly
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198119852
- eISBN:
- 9780191671227
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198119852.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
The ‘deep taste of change’ pervades the opening chapters of The Ambassadors, as Lambert Strether begins his encounter with Europe. The first stage of this encounter is described in terms which ...
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The ‘deep taste of change’ pervades the opening chapters of The Ambassadors, as Lambert Strether begins his encounter with Europe. The first stage of this encounter is described in terms which markedly draw attention to the idea that the novel is leaving behind the imaginative world of Henry James's experimental phase, to enter new territory in its exploration of the relations between fiction and history. Through Strether's imaginative adventures, The Ambassadors explores fiction as a category of thought for addressing problems in social and moral life. The diplomatic encounters between the various ambassadors in the novel are largely conducted by means of a dialogue between historical and fictional propositions. Reviving James's ‘international theme’, the novel places great emphasis on questions of location and jurisdiction, and this leads to a highly developed concept of fictional space and its relation to the world outside it.Less
The ‘deep taste of change’ pervades the opening chapters of The Ambassadors, as Lambert Strether begins his encounter with Europe. The first stage of this encounter is described in terms which markedly draw attention to the idea that the novel is leaving behind the imaginative world of Henry James's experimental phase, to enter new territory in its exploration of the relations between fiction and history. Through Strether's imaginative adventures, The Ambassadors explores fiction as a category of thought for addressing problems in social and moral life. The diplomatic encounters between the various ambassadors in the novel are largely conducted by means of a dialogue between historical and fictional propositions. Reviving James's ‘international theme’, the novel places great emphasis on questions of location and jurisdiction, and this leads to a highly developed concept of fictional space and its relation to the world outside it.
Marion Elizabeth Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195072389
- eISBN:
- 9780199787982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072389.003.0017
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Mencken underwent a transformation from his experiences in Berlin. From abroad, he witnessed how an irresponsible press could manipulate the news, provoking misunderstanding between two warring ...
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Mencken underwent a transformation from his experiences in Berlin. From abroad, he witnessed how an irresponsible press could manipulate the news, provoking misunderstanding between two warring countries; this helped form his myopia towards Hitler's Germany. The year 1917 marked Mencken's personal struggle as an independent and controversial public voice. The many examples of censorship, the practice of war news, and the anti-German sentiment he witnessed marked the beginning of a process of maturation for Mencken. His first-hand experience covering the war hardened the ideas he already formed and provided a host of evidence about notions he previously discussed in his defunct column “The Free Lance”.Less
Mencken underwent a transformation from his experiences in Berlin. From abroad, he witnessed how an irresponsible press could manipulate the news, provoking misunderstanding between two warring countries; this helped form his myopia towards Hitler's Germany. The year 1917 marked Mencken's personal struggle as an independent and controversial public voice. The many examples of censorship, the practice of war news, and the anti-German sentiment he witnessed marked the beginning of a process of maturation for Mencken. His first-hand experience covering the war hardened the ideas he already formed and provided a host of evidence about notions he previously discussed in his defunct column “The Free Lance”.
Blair Worden
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199230822
- eISBN:
- 9780191696480
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199230822.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature, Milton Studies
After 1650 Andrew Marvell put himself forward on two fronts. He was a poet, but he also aspired to a post in diplomacy or foreign affairs. In February 1653, John Milton, the now blind Latin ...
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After 1650 Andrew Marvell put himself forward on two fronts. He was a poet, but he also aspired to a post in diplomacy or foreign affairs. In February 1653, John Milton, the now blind Latin Secretary, wrote to his and Marchamont Nedham's friend the Commonwealth's statesman John Bradshaw to ask, in vain as it turned out, for Marvell to be offered a job as his own assistant. Milton pointed to Marvell's experience of foreign travel, and his knowledge of languages. On that basis he made the audacious claim that ‘in a short time’ Marvell would be able to do ‘as good service’ for the republic as that performed by Anthony Ascham, the ambassador to Madrid. Perhaps Marvell's upbringing at the great port of Hull, which traded with northern Europe, helped to explain why he cultivated a particular interest in the affairs of those rivals for mastery of the Baltic, the Netherlands, and Sweden, the subjects of his political poetry.Less
After 1650 Andrew Marvell put himself forward on two fronts. He was a poet, but he also aspired to a post in diplomacy or foreign affairs. In February 1653, John Milton, the now blind Latin Secretary, wrote to his and Marchamont Nedham's friend the Commonwealth's statesman John Bradshaw to ask, in vain as it turned out, for Marvell to be offered a job as his own assistant. Milton pointed to Marvell's experience of foreign travel, and his knowledge of languages. On that basis he made the audacious claim that ‘in a short time’ Marvell would be able to do ‘as good service’ for the republic as that performed by Anthony Ascham, the ambassador to Madrid. Perhaps Marvell's upbringing at the great port of Hull, which traded with northern Europe, helped to explain why he cultivated a particular interest in the affairs of those rivals for mastery of the Baltic, the Netherlands, and Sweden, the subjects of his political poetry.
Jeffrey Sonnenfeld
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195065831
- eISBN:
- 9780199854899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195065831.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
Ambassadors, by contrast to the types of exiting leaders already discussed, leave office quite gracefully and frequently serve as post-retirement mentors. They may remain on the board of directors ...
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Ambassadors, by contrast to the types of exiting leaders already discussed, leave office quite gracefully and frequently serve as post-retirement mentors. They may remain on the board of directors for some time, but they do not try to sabotage the successor. Unlike the generals, the ambassadors do not seek to return to top office positions. Rather, they provide continuity and counsel and want to assist, but no longer lead. The leaders profiled in this chapter were not necessarily humble figures, but their self-esteem was enhanced, rather than threatened, by a firm that would easily survive their departure. Five direct benefits resulted from these leaders' continued engagement with their firms into old age and these are outlined by the chapter.Less
Ambassadors, by contrast to the types of exiting leaders already discussed, leave office quite gracefully and frequently serve as post-retirement mentors. They may remain on the board of directors for some time, but they do not try to sabotage the successor. Unlike the generals, the ambassadors do not seek to return to top office positions. Rather, they provide continuity and counsel and want to assist, but no longer lead. The leaders profiled in this chapter were not necessarily humble figures, but their self-esteem was enhanced, rather than threatened, by a firm that would easily survive their departure. Five direct benefits resulted from these leaders' continued engagement with their firms into old age and these are outlined by the chapter.
Philip E. Muehlenbeck
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195396096
- eISBN:
- 9780199932672
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195396096.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century, World Modern History
Chapter ten explores how Kennedy’s desire to court African nationalism influenced his domestic civil rights policies. The civil rights initiatives launched at the outset of the New Frontier were ...
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Chapter ten explores how Kennedy’s desire to court African nationalism influenced his domestic civil rights policies. The civil rights initiatives launched at the outset of the New Frontier were predicated more on improving relations with Africa than they were on improving the plight of African Americans. However, by the end of his life, Kennedy became more activist in his support of civil rights, finally viewing it as a moral issue and not only as a way to garner positive Cold War propaganda. His enlightened conversion served to elevate further his reputation in Africa.Less
Chapter ten explores how Kennedy’s desire to court African nationalism influenced his domestic civil rights policies. The civil rights initiatives launched at the outset of the New Frontier were predicated more on improving relations with Africa than they were on improving the plight of African Americans. However, by the end of his life, Kennedy became more activist in his support of civil rights, finally viewing it as a moral issue and not only as a way to garner positive Cold War propaganda. His enlightened conversion served to elevate further his reputation in Africa.
W. A. Sessions
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198186250
- eISBN:
- 9780191674457
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198186250.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
1536 was to be a year of deaths and near-deaths in the world of Henry Howard. After the death in January of his first wife, the new Supreme Head announced to the Imperial Ambassador Eustace Chapuys ...
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1536 was to be a year of deaths and near-deaths in the world of Henry Howard. After the death in January of his first wife, the new Supreme Head announced to the Imperial Ambassador Eustace Chapuys that he had finally seen, in all their absurdity, the lies of the papacy, as had the Greek Christians earlier and as the German and Scandinavian princes had done in his own time. His crisis of conscience over the proper reading of Leviticus in the late 1520s had deep roots. From childhood onwards, when his brother Arthur was still alive, Henry VIII had been destined, at least as Lord Herbert reported it, by his grandmother Lady Margaret Beaufort and her beloved friend Bishop John Fisher for a religious vocation, nothing less than the Archbishop of Canterbury.Less
1536 was to be a year of deaths and near-deaths in the world of Henry Howard. After the death in January of his first wife, the new Supreme Head announced to the Imperial Ambassador Eustace Chapuys that he had finally seen, in all their absurdity, the lies of the papacy, as had the Greek Christians earlier and as the German and Scandinavian princes had done in his own time. His crisis of conscience over the proper reading of Leviticus in the late 1520s had deep roots. From childhood onwards, when his brother Arthur was still alive, Henry VIII had been destined, at least as Lord Herbert reported it, by his grandmother Lady Margaret Beaufort and her beloved friend Bishop John Fisher for a religious vocation, nothing less than the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Cave Terence
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151630
- eISBN:
- 9780191672781
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151630.003.0016
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter focuses on Henry James's novel, The Ambassadors. Self-evidence is a crucial feature of the plot of The Ambassadors itself, and might well be regarded as the deep structure of anagnorisis ...
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This chapter focuses on Henry James's novel, The Ambassadors. Self-evidence is a crucial feature of the plot of The Ambassadors itself, and might well be regarded as the deep structure of anagnorisis in general, both as an aspect of narrative and as a critical topic. The Ambassadors also contains a distinct and extended scene of crisis in which a shift from ignorance to knowledge determines the ultimate relations of the characters and their personal destinies. It is a novel whose structure James himself singled out as having a ‘superior roundness’; the recognition scene proper is anticipated by a series of lesser and more partial recognitions (the word itself often being used in the text); through the character of Strether as ‘reflector’ of the action, it offers a particularly clear mapping of the fictional structures of knowledge. Most important, perhaps, the recognition is more heavily laden than in any other of James's later novels with the overarching sense of a life-story, the recovery and loss of a past that stretches far beyond the temporal limits of the fabula itself.Less
This chapter focuses on Henry James's novel, The Ambassadors. Self-evidence is a crucial feature of the plot of The Ambassadors itself, and might well be regarded as the deep structure of anagnorisis in general, both as an aspect of narrative and as a critical topic. The Ambassadors also contains a distinct and extended scene of crisis in which a shift from ignorance to knowledge determines the ultimate relations of the characters and their personal destinies. It is a novel whose structure James himself singled out as having a ‘superior roundness’; the recognition scene proper is anticipated by a series of lesser and more partial recognitions (the word itself often being used in the text); through the character of Strether as ‘reflector’ of the action, it offers a particularly clear mapping of the fictional structures of knowledge. Most important, perhaps, the recognition is more heavily laden than in any other of James's later novels with the overarching sense of a life-story, the recovery and loss of a past that stretches far beyond the temporal limits of the fabula itself.
Nige West and Oleg Tsarev
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300123470
- eISBN:
- 9780300156416
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300123470.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter presents an MI5 report on the Swedish naval attaché Count Johan G. Oxenstierna, who was quietly removed from his post at the request of the British government at the end of 1943 and ...
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This chapter presents an MI5 report on the Swedish naval attaché Count Johan G. Oxenstierna, who was quietly removed from his post at the request of the British government at the end of 1943 and replaced by the king's grandson, Prince Bertil. It discusses how Oxenstierna was suitably indignant about his treatment and how although the British ambassador in Stockholm, Victor Mallet, pressed his case, as did the British naval attaché, Henry Denham, the Foreign Office was adamant about his removal and equally insistent that the precise nature of his offence should not be disclosed. The chapter reveals that Oxenstierna had been responsible for the leak of secret information, but the Foreign Office was also not prepared to be specific beyond a reference to his inquisitiveness about a naval stabiliser recently installed on destroyers.Less
This chapter presents an MI5 report on the Swedish naval attaché Count Johan G. Oxenstierna, who was quietly removed from his post at the request of the British government at the end of 1943 and replaced by the king's grandson, Prince Bertil. It discusses how Oxenstierna was suitably indignant about his treatment and how although the British ambassador in Stockholm, Victor Mallet, pressed his case, as did the British naval attaché, Henry Denham, the Foreign Office was adamant about his removal and equally insistent that the precise nature of his offence should not be disclosed. The chapter reveals that Oxenstierna had been responsible for the leak of secret information, but the Foreign Office was also not prepared to be specific beyond a reference to his inquisitiveness about a naval stabiliser recently installed on destroyers.
Thomas G. Paterson
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195101201
- eISBN:
- 9780199854189
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195101201.003.0018
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The U.S. Embassy did not expect “ideal democratic” conditions, but the forthcoming national elections were “infinitely better than a violent overthrow of Batista and far better than no elections at ...
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The U.S. Embassy did not expect “ideal democratic” conditions, but the forthcoming national elections were “infinitely better than a violent overthrow of Batista and far better than no elections at all.” Not even Ambassador Smith anticipated the national elections to end the revolutionary war because the atmosphere for an honest election that Batista pledged could not have been more dreary. A full-blown civil upheaval was plaguing Cuba. Batista's bet, Andres Rivero Aguero, running under the ticket of the Progressive Action Party, defended the administration. Moreover, the rebels persuaded voters to boycott the elections.Less
The U.S. Embassy did not expect “ideal democratic” conditions, but the forthcoming national elections were “infinitely better than a violent overthrow of Batista and far better than no elections at all.” Not even Ambassador Smith anticipated the national elections to end the revolutionary war because the atmosphere for an honest election that Batista pledged could not have been more dreary. A full-blown civil upheaval was plaguing Cuba. Batista's bet, Andres Rivero Aguero, running under the ticket of the Progressive Action Party, defended the administration. Moreover, the rebels persuaded voters to boycott the elections.
M. B. HAYNE
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202707
- eISBN:
- 9780191675492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202707.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
Delcassé's anti-German sentiment determined most of his foreign policy and this is illustrated in this chapter. This hostility towards Germany meant that he attached great importance to the ...
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Delcassé's anti-German sentiment determined most of his foreign policy and this is illustrated in this chapter. This hostility towards Germany meant that he attached great importance to the Franco-Russian alliance and made it his first priority. Another of Delcassé's fixed ideas was the expansion of French influence in the Mediterranean area. The acquisition of Morocco was an ultimate goal of Delcassé's Mediterranean policy. The necessity of arriving at an entente with Britain was also a fixed notion of Delcassé. He realized the importance of Britain in counteracting any German pretensions to hegemony in Europe. Also, as this chapter presents, Britain was the key to France's aspirations in the Mediterranean. Nonetheless, this chapter demonstrates how the main achievements of this period, the Entente Cordiale of 1904 and the Franco-Italian rapproachment, resulted from an close collaborate between Delcassé's and his triumvirate ambassadors.Less
Delcassé's anti-German sentiment determined most of his foreign policy and this is illustrated in this chapter. This hostility towards Germany meant that he attached great importance to the Franco-Russian alliance and made it his first priority. Another of Delcassé's fixed ideas was the expansion of French influence in the Mediterranean area. The acquisition of Morocco was an ultimate goal of Delcassé's Mediterranean policy. The necessity of arriving at an entente with Britain was also a fixed notion of Delcassé. He realized the importance of Britain in counteracting any German pretensions to hegemony in Europe. Also, as this chapter presents, Britain was the key to France's aspirations in the Mediterranean. Nonetheless, this chapter demonstrates how the main achievements of this period, the Entente Cordiale of 1904 and the Franco-Italian rapproachment, resulted from an close collaborate between Delcassé's and his triumvirate ambassadors.
William St. Clair
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192880536
- eISBN:
- 9780191670596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192880536.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
While the Earl of Elgin was at Brighton he was able to send a letter to Lord Grenville, the Foreign Secretary, who thought that Lord Elgin's ideas expressed in the letter as worthy of being ...
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While the Earl of Elgin was at Brighton he was able to send a letter to Lord Grenville, the Foreign Secretary, who thought that Lord Elgin's ideas expressed in the letter as worthy of being considered. After these ideas were discussed with the King, they were immediately implemented. Thomas Bruce was thus given the position of Minister Plenipotentiary and Ambassador Extraordinary of His Britannic Majesty to the Sublime Porte of Selim III. The notion of appointing an ambassador to Turkey was initiated not by Elgin, but by the King himself wherein the King suggested that Elgin take this position. Although Lord Elgin would have had enough experience to proceed with the position, the circumstances for his appointment were unusual. This chapter provides a brief background of Elgin and his qualifications, while looking into how the said embassy was established.Less
While the Earl of Elgin was at Brighton he was able to send a letter to Lord Grenville, the Foreign Secretary, who thought that Lord Elgin's ideas expressed in the letter as worthy of being considered. After these ideas were discussed with the King, they were immediately implemented. Thomas Bruce was thus given the position of Minister Plenipotentiary and Ambassador Extraordinary of His Britannic Majesty to the Sublime Porte of Selim III. The notion of appointing an ambassador to Turkey was initiated not by Elgin, but by the King himself wherein the King suggested that Elgin take this position. Although Lord Elgin would have had enough experience to proceed with the position, the circumstances for his appointment were unusual. This chapter provides a brief background of Elgin and his qualifications, while looking into how the said embassy was established.
H. M. Scott
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198201953
- eISBN:
- 9780191675096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201953.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Towards the end of October 1768, the Earl of Rochford took over the Northern Department as the new Northern Secretary. In contrast to those before him, Rochford proved to be the one who assumed this ...
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Towards the end of October 1768, the Earl of Rochford took over the Northern Department as the new Northern Secretary. In contrast to those before him, Rochford proved to be the one who assumed this position with the most diplomatic experience during the American Revolution. Since he was aware of the issues that prevailed in the European community and since he had formerly served as ambassador, Rochford was able to address such issues appropriately, and this strengthened British diplomacy. This chapter includes a discussion about how Rochford attempted to end the diplomatic isolation experienced in Britain, which is believed to have been brought about by the crisis over Corsica.Less
Towards the end of October 1768, the Earl of Rochford took over the Northern Department as the new Northern Secretary. In contrast to those before him, Rochford proved to be the one who assumed this position with the most diplomatic experience during the American Revolution. Since he was aware of the issues that prevailed in the European community and since he had formerly served as ambassador, Rochford was able to address such issues appropriately, and this strengthened British diplomacy. This chapter includes a discussion about how Rochford attempted to end the diplomatic isolation experienced in Britain, which is believed to have been brought about by the crisis over Corsica.
Michel Balard
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263785
- eISBN:
- 9780191734304
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263785.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Medieval History
This chapter discusses Byzantine prosopography and several Latin sources that come from the archives of Genoa, Pisa, Venice, and Barcelona. It attempts to show in what respects Byzantine ...
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This chapter discusses Byzantine prosopography and several Latin sources that come from the archives of Genoa, Pisa, Venice, and Barcelona. It attempts to show in what respects Byzantine prosopography for the twelfth century can be enriched thanks to deeds, which are able to provide information on ambassadors and merchants. Deeds can also show the Latins who settled either permanently or temporarily in Constantinople, or in the provincial cities of the Empire. The information gathered from each archive is discussed separately.Less
This chapter discusses Byzantine prosopography and several Latin sources that come from the archives of Genoa, Pisa, Venice, and Barcelona. It attempts to show in what respects Byzantine prosopography for the twelfth century can be enriched thanks to deeds, which are able to provide information on ambassadors and merchants. Deeds can also show the Latins who settled either permanently or temporarily in Constantinople, or in the provincial cities of the Empire. The information gathered from each archive is discussed separately.
