Ian Farrington
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780813044330
- eISBN:
- 9780813046327
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813044330.003.0010
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
The hinterland of Cusco was also subject to planning under Pachakuti Inka Yupanki, particularly agricultural developments such as terracing, channelization, and the construction of qolqa. This ...
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The hinterland of Cusco was also subject to planning under Pachakuti Inka Yupanki, particularly agricultural developments such as terracing, channelization, and the construction of qolqa. This chapter analyzes its settlement patterns. Between 400m and 1.5km from the city center, eight suburban villages have been identified in which archaeology has located one palace, shrines, burials, and general constructional debris. These villages are mainly located on the royal roads into the city and housed the elite, yanakuna, and craftsmen. Further out, there are distinctive settlements associated with inka agricultural schemes and land reclamation. There are fourteen inka workers’ villages (llaqta), which are well planned with rows of houses. They range in size and are thought to have housed mitayoq laborers, tribute workers from the near and distant provinces. There are also five isolated inka kancha that are distinctive in plan and archaeology and were inhabited by the elite, who oversaw agricultural production and storage. Integral to this network were specific groups of state storerooms, or qolqa.Less
The hinterland of Cusco was also subject to planning under Pachakuti Inka Yupanki, particularly agricultural developments such as terracing, channelization, and the construction of qolqa. This chapter analyzes its settlement patterns. Between 400m and 1.5km from the city center, eight suburban villages have been identified in which archaeology has located one palace, shrines, burials, and general constructional debris. These villages are mainly located on the royal roads into the city and housed the elite, yanakuna, and craftsmen. Further out, there are distinctive settlements associated with inka agricultural schemes and land reclamation. There are fourteen inka workers’ villages (llaqta), which are well planned with rows of houses. They range in size and are thought to have housed mitayoq laborers, tribute workers from the near and distant provinces. There are also five isolated inka kancha that are distinctive in plan and archaeology and were inhabited by the elite, who oversaw agricultural production and storage. Integral to this network were specific groups of state storerooms, or qolqa.
David H. Boshier, James E. Gordon, and Adrian J. Barrance
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520223097
- eISBN:
- 9780520937772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520223097.003.0016
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses the role circa situm (farmer-based conservation) approaches play in conserving valuable tree species in dry forest agro-ecosystems in Mesoamerica. These approaches have been ...
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This chapter discusses the role circa situm (farmer-based conservation) approaches play in conserving valuable tree species in dry forest agro-ecosystems in Mesoamerica. These approaches have been used to distinguish the very different circumstances of conservation within altered agricultural landscapes outside natural habitats but within a species' native geographical range. The chapter also considers the conditions and for what species circa situm approaches will prove effective and how it might be implemented.Less
This chapter discusses the role circa situm (farmer-based conservation) approaches play in conserving valuable tree species in dry forest agro-ecosystems in Mesoamerica. These approaches have been used to distinguish the very different circumstances of conservation within altered agricultural landscapes outside natural habitats but within a species' native geographical range. The chapter also considers the conditions and for what species circa situm approaches will prove effective and how it might be implemented.
Thomas Guderjan, Sheryl Luzzadder-Beach, Timothy Beach, Samantha Krause, and Clifford Brown
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780813062792
- eISBN:
- 9780813051758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813062792.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
Chapter 5 draws on a broad range of evidence to develop a view of what the agricultural landscape of the Rio Hondo basin, now on the Belize-Mexican border, must have looked like in the heavily ...
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Chapter 5 draws on a broad range of evidence to develop a view of what the agricultural landscape of the Rio Hondo basin, now on the Belize-Mexican border, must have looked like in the heavily populated Classic era landscape. The authors use Contact period Spanish accounts to describe trade in agricultural products–especially cacao, but also achiote and vanilla–that were particularly prized from this region. Ten years of research on the drained field agricultural systems, such as the Chan Cahal fields near Blue Creek, identified the timespan for commercial level production, and computer assisted analysis of aerial and satellite photographs are beginning to document the massive scale of this enterprise.Less
Chapter 5 draws on a broad range of evidence to develop a view of what the agricultural landscape of the Rio Hondo basin, now on the Belize-Mexican border, must have looked like in the heavily populated Classic era landscape. The authors use Contact period Spanish accounts to describe trade in agricultural products–especially cacao, but also achiote and vanilla–that were particularly prized from this region. Ten years of research on the drained field agricultural systems, such as the Chan Cahal fields near Blue Creek, identified the timespan for commercial level production, and computer assisted analysis of aerial and satellite photographs are beginning to document the massive scale of this enterprise.
Michitake Aso
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781469637150
- eISBN:
- 9781469637174
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469637150.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
How can a single tree species affect human projects on the scale of empires and nations? Rubber and the Making of Vietnam explores this question for the rubber tree in Vietnamese history. Dating back ...
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How can a single tree species affect human projects on the scale of empires and nations? Rubber and the Making of Vietnam explores this question for the rubber tree in Vietnamese history. Dating back to the nineteenth-century transplantation of a latex-producing tree from the Amazon to Southeast Asia, rubber production has wrought monumental changes worldwide. During a turbulent Vietnamese past, rubber has transcended capitalism and socialism, colonization and decolonization, becoming a key commodity around which life and history have flowed. Synthesizing archival material in English, French, and Vietnamese, this book narrates how rubber trees came to dominate the material and symbolic landscape of French Indochina and postcolonial Vietnam, structuring the region’s environments of agriculture, health, and violence. Once established, private and state-run plantations became landscapes of oppression, resistance, and modernity. Agronomists, medical doctors, laborers, and leaders of independence movements form part of this narrative as they struggled over various visions of labor in nature and the nature of labor. Mosquitoes and plasmodia also play a part in this narrative as they helped spread malaria among Vietnamese who planted and tended rubber trees. Rather than a human-centered past, this book adopts an ecological perspective as it tells twentieth-century Vietnamese history starting with the view from a rubber tree and branching outwards in multiple directions. In other words, this book taps the rubber tree to examine the entanglements of nature, culture, and politics and demonstrates how the demand for rubber has impacted nearly a century of war and peace in Vietnamese society.Less
How can a single tree species affect human projects on the scale of empires and nations? Rubber and the Making of Vietnam explores this question for the rubber tree in Vietnamese history. Dating back to the nineteenth-century transplantation of a latex-producing tree from the Amazon to Southeast Asia, rubber production has wrought monumental changes worldwide. During a turbulent Vietnamese past, rubber has transcended capitalism and socialism, colonization and decolonization, becoming a key commodity around which life and history have flowed. Synthesizing archival material in English, French, and Vietnamese, this book narrates how rubber trees came to dominate the material and symbolic landscape of French Indochina and postcolonial Vietnam, structuring the region’s environments of agriculture, health, and violence. Once established, private and state-run plantations became landscapes of oppression, resistance, and modernity. Agronomists, medical doctors, laborers, and leaders of independence movements form part of this narrative as they struggled over various visions of labor in nature and the nature of labor. Mosquitoes and plasmodia also play a part in this narrative as they helped spread malaria among Vietnamese who planted and tended rubber trees. Rather than a human-centered past, this book adopts an ecological perspective as it tells twentieth-century Vietnamese history starting with the view from a rubber tree and branching outwards in multiple directions. In other words, this book taps the rubber tree to examine the entanglements of nature, culture, and politics and demonstrates how the demand for rubber has impacted nearly a century of war and peace in Vietnamese society.
Henry M. Miller and Travis G. Parno
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9780813066837
- eISBN:
- 9780813067025
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813066837.003.0016
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter examines the history of commemorative efforts designed to celebrate St. Mary’s City’s history as the founding site of Maryland. Following the move of the colony’s capital from St. Mary’s ...
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This chapter examines the history of commemorative efforts designed to celebrate St. Mary’s City’s history as the founding site of Maryland. Following the move of the colony’s capital from St. Mary’s City to what would become Annapolis at the end of the seventeenth century, St. Mary’s City was converted from an urban settlement into an agricultural landscape populated by white farming families and their enslaved African and African American laborers. This transformation preserved the city as an archaeological site, but much of its early history was forgotten as it became buried beneath plowed soils. Beginning from the perspective that all types of commemoration, including archaeological study, are forms of memory work, this chapter traces the use of legislation, monuments, events, and historical archaeological study to resurrect Maryland’s early history and more firmly cement St. Mary’s City in the minds of the general public.Less
This chapter examines the history of commemorative efforts designed to celebrate St. Mary’s City’s history as the founding site of Maryland. Following the move of the colony’s capital from St. Mary’s City to what would become Annapolis at the end of the seventeenth century, St. Mary’s City was converted from an urban settlement into an agricultural landscape populated by white farming families and their enslaved African and African American laborers. This transformation preserved the city as an archaeological site, but much of its early history was forgotten as it became buried beneath plowed soils. Beginning from the perspective that all types of commemoration, including archaeological study, are forms of memory work, this chapter traces the use of legislation, monuments, events, and historical archaeological study to resurrect Maryland’s early history and more firmly cement St. Mary’s City in the minds of the general public.