Luis H. Zayas
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199734726
- eISBN:
- 9780199894826
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734726.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
Among teenage Latinas in the United States, suicide attempts occur at alarming rates, sometimes twice as high as other youth. For decades clinicians in mostly urban centers with large Hispanic ...
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Among teenage Latinas in the United States, suicide attempts occur at alarming rates, sometimes twice as high as other youth. For decades clinicians in mostly urban centers with large Hispanic populations witnessed the puzzling phenomenon of young Latinas who had attempted suicide. It was not until the 1990s when national surveys confirmed what clinicians were seeing in their practices. But the mystery of why some Latinas attempted when other Latinas with similar social and psychological profiles did not remained. Through the retelling of the history of research into this life-threatening act and the many factors that contribute it, this book begins to unravel the mystery of suicide attempts by young Latinas. Beginning with a description of the U.S. Hispanic population and the characteristics of the Hispanic family—its values, beliefs, norms, child-rearing—the book goes on to look at the development of young Latinas, girls straddling two cultures and struggling to reconcile them. Drawing on developmental, cultural and family psychology, acculturation and immigration theory and research, and the traditional and modern socialization of U.S. Hispanic girls, the book sets the stage for an in-depth look at the suicide attempts by Latinas. The book presents case studies and data collected from over 120 girls who attempted suicide and more than 110 who had not. It illustrates with the girls’ own words, and those of their parents, how social, psychological, family and cultural factors come together to a flashpoint. This book presents the anatomy of the experiences before, during and after the suicide attempt, suggests new ways of understanding suicide attempts, and offers ideas for prevention and treatment to save young Latinas.Less
Among teenage Latinas in the United States, suicide attempts occur at alarming rates, sometimes twice as high as other youth. For decades clinicians in mostly urban centers with large Hispanic populations witnessed the puzzling phenomenon of young Latinas who had attempted suicide. It was not until the 1990s when national surveys confirmed what clinicians were seeing in their practices. But the mystery of why some Latinas attempted when other Latinas with similar social and psychological profiles did not remained. Through the retelling of the history of research into this life-threatening act and the many factors that contribute it, this book begins to unravel the mystery of suicide attempts by young Latinas. Beginning with a description of the U.S. Hispanic population and the characteristics of the Hispanic family—its values, beliefs, norms, child-rearing—the book goes on to look at the development of young Latinas, girls straddling two cultures and struggling to reconcile them. Drawing on developmental, cultural and family psychology, acculturation and immigration theory and research, and the traditional and modern socialization of U.S. Hispanic girls, the book sets the stage for an in-depth look at the suicide attempts by Latinas. The book presents case studies and data collected from over 120 girls who attempted suicide and more than 110 who had not. It illustrates with the girls’ own words, and those of their parents, how social, psychological, family and cultural factors come together to a flashpoint. This book presents the anatomy of the experiences before, during and after the suicide attempt, suggests new ways of understanding suicide attempts, and offers ideas for prevention and treatment to save young Latinas.
Bryan Magee
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198237228
- eISBN:
- 9780191706233
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198237227.003.0016
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy
Schopenhauer wrote candidly about sex at a time when almost nobody did. He saw consideration of it as the means of reproduction whereby human beings come into existence as inescapable for ...
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Schopenhauer wrote candidly about sex at a time when almost nobody did. He saw consideration of it as the means of reproduction whereby human beings come into existence as inescapable for metaphysics, indeed for serious thinking. He conjectured that homosexual impulses were implanted by nature in adolescent and elderly males because, although they have sexual urges and can procreate, it is undesirable that they should do so, and therefore the urge is diverted. This, he thinks, is why homosexual activity has been widespread in all known societies. The manner in which he writes about it suggests that he had felt homosexual impulses himself but had not given way to them.Less
Schopenhauer wrote candidly about sex at a time when almost nobody did. He saw consideration of it as the means of reproduction whereby human beings come into existence as inescapable for metaphysics, indeed for serious thinking. He conjectured that homosexual impulses were implanted by nature in adolescent and elderly males because, although they have sexual urges and can procreate, it is undesirable that they should do so, and therefore the urge is diverted. This, he thinks, is why homosexual activity has been widespread in all known societies. The manner in which he writes about it suggests that he had felt homosexual impulses himself but had not given way to them.
Axel Michaels
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195343021
- eISBN:
- 9780199866984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343021.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
The Procession with the Trident (Triśūljātrā) is centre‐stage of this chapter that describes and analyzes this event during which children are symbolically impaled on a trident and transported upon ...
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The Procession with the Trident (Triśūljātrā) is centre‐stage of this chapter that describes and analyzes this event during which children are symbolically impaled on a trident and transported upon processional litters to the limits of the city of Deopatan from where the participants in the procession shout words of abuse at the inhabitants of Kathmandu.Less
The Procession with the Trident (Triśūljātrā) is centre‐stage of this chapter that describes and analyzes this event during which children are symbolically impaled on a trident and transported upon processional litters to the limits of the city of Deopatan from where the participants in the procession shout words of abuse at the inhabitants of Kathmandu.
Nicole Vitellone
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719075681
- eISBN:
- 9781781700877
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719075681.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
During the mid-1980s, the object of the condom became associated with the prevention of HIV/AIDS. This book investigates the consequences of this shift in the object's meaning. Focusing on the US, ...
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During the mid-1980s, the object of the condom became associated with the prevention of HIV/AIDS. This book investigates the consequences of this shift in the object's meaning. Focusing on the US, British and Australian contexts, it addresses the impact of the discourse of safer sex on our lives and, in particular, the lives of adolescents. Addressing AIDS public health campaigns, sex education policies, sex research on adolescence and debates on the eroticisation of safer sex, the book looks at how the condom has affected our awareness of ourselves, of one another and of our futures. In its examination of the condom in the late twentieth century, it critically engages with a range of literatures, including those concerned with sexuality, adolescence, methods, gender and the body.Less
During the mid-1980s, the object of the condom became associated with the prevention of HIV/AIDS. This book investigates the consequences of this shift in the object's meaning. Focusing on the US, British and Australian contexts, it addresses the impact of the discourse of safer sex on our lives and, in particular, the lives of adolescents. Addressing AIDS public health campaigns, sex education policies, sex research on adolescence and debates on the eroticisation of safer sex, the book looks at how the condom has affected our awareness of ourselves, of one another and of our futures. In its examination of the condom in the late twentieth century, it critically engages with a range of literatures, including those concerned with sexuality, adolescence, methods, gender and the body.
Kim Cornish and John Wilding
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195179941
- eISBN:
- 9780199864652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179941.003.007
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Development
Chapter 7 discusses the notion of attention over the period of development from infancy through adolescence and emphasizes the importance of teasing apart attention subcomponents and tracing their ...
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Chapter 7 discusses the notion of attention over the period of development from infancy through adolescence and emphasizes the importance of teasing apart attention subcomponents and tracing their pathways through this entire period. A rich literature exists on age-related changes in the preschool and childhood years that include developmentally sensitive periods characterized by spurts of growth followed by periods of stability. However, different attention subcomponents produce very different developmental trajectories. The relative paucity of research in the adolescent period prevents firm conclusions from being drawn about age trajectories from late childhood to early adulthood, a critical time period that needs more substantive research. As well, future longitudinal designs need to include developmentally sensitive paradigms that can identify subtle changes in performance. It will also need to adopt more sophisticated methods of identifying and evaluating specific attentional functions across a wide age range. [Less
Chapter 7 discusses the notion of attention over the period of development from infancy through adolescence and emphasizes the importance of teasing apart attention subcomponents and tracing their pathways through this entire period. A rich literature exists on age-related changes in the preschool and childhood years that include developmentally sensitive periods characterized by spurts of growth followed by periods of stability. However, different attention subcomponents produce very different developmental trajectories. The relative paucity of research in the adolescent period prevents firm conclusions from being drawn about age trajectories from late childhood to early adulthood, a critical time period that needs more substantive research. As well, future longitudinal designs need to include developmentally sensitive paradigms that can identify subtle changes in performance. It will also need to adopt more sophisticated methods of identifying and evaluating specific attentional functions across a wide age range. [
Kim Cornish and John Wilding
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195179941
- eISBN:
- 9780199864652
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179941.003.010
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience, Development
Chapter 10 addresses the significant issue of treatment of attentional impairment through both stimulant medication and psychosocial intervention. A considerable literature exists examining the ...
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Chapter 10 addresses the significant issue of treatment of attentional impairment through both stimulant medication and psychosocial intervention. A considerable literature exists examining the positive impact of stimulants, mainly methylphehidate (MPH), and psychosocial treatments in reducing the symptoms of ADHD. With respect to pharmacologic intervention the authors discuss the influence of co-morbid disorders and dosage, and note adverse side-effects of these agents. They also discuss findings of such psychosocial approaches as parent-based, cognitive-based, and computer-based training, and discuss the findings of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. Nevertheless the treatment of other neurodevelopmental disorders of attention is one that should be addressed by innovative future research.Less
Chapter 10 addresses the significant issue of treatment of attentional impairment through both stimulant medication and psychosocial intervention. A considerable literature exists examining the positive impact of stimulants, mainly methylphehidate (MPH), and psychosocial treatments in reducing the symptoms of ADHD. With respect to pharmacologic intervention the authors discuss the influence of co-morbid disorders and dosage, and note adverse side-effects of these agents. They also discuss findings of such psychosocial approaches as parent-based, cognitive-based, and computer-based training, and discuss the findings of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. Nevertheless the treatment of other neurodevelopmental disorders of attention is one that should be addressed by innovative future research.
Patricio O’Donnell and Kuei Y. Tseng
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195373035
- eISBN:
- 9780199865543
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373035.003.0012
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems, History of Neuroscience
To understand the modulation of prefrontal cortical activity by dopamine (DA), it is critical to consider not only different receptor subtypes and the cell type DA acts upon, but also complex changes ...
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To understand the modulation of prefrontal cortical activity by dopamine (DA), it is critical to consider not only different receptor subtypes and the cell type DA acts upon, but also complex changes that occur postnatally, sometimes as late as during adolescence. A large body of literature deals with DA actions on physiological properties of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), ranging from recordings in cultured neurons and brain slices to anesthetized animals and awake, freely moving animals. All these levels of analysis offer unique perspectives on the complex pattern of DA actions; combined, they have produced a reasonable understanding of how this modulator affects function in this critical brain region. However, many divergent views persist, and a lot of them arise from the use of different techniques on animals at different postnatal developmental stages. For example, cellular physiology studies using the whole-cell technique typically rely on slices from very young animals, in many cases obtained before weaning, while behavioral and anatomical studies are conducted mainly in adult animals. This chapter summarizes recent work bridging those age groups, highlighting the maturation of DA electrophysiological actions in the PFC during adolescence.Less
To understand the modulation of prefrontal cortical activity by dopamine (DA), it is critical to consider not only different receptor subtypes and the cell type DA acts upon, but also complex changes that occur postnatally, sometimes as late as during adolescence. A large body of literature deals with DA actions on physiological properties of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), ranging from recordings in cultured neurons and brain slices to anesthetized animals and awake, freely moving animals. All these levels of analysis offer unique perspectives on the complex pattern of DA actions; combined, they have produced a reasonable understanding of how this modulator affects function in this critical brain region. However, many divergent views persist, and a lot of them arise from the use of different techniques on animals at different postnatal developmental stages. For example, cellular physiology studies using the whole-cell technique typically rely on slices from very young animals, in many cases obtained before weaning, while behavioral and anatomical studies are conducted mainly in adult animals. This chapter summarizes recent work bridging those age groups, highlighting the maturation of DA electrophysiological actions in the PFC during adolescence.
Esther M. K. Cheung
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099777
- eISBN:
- 9789882206953
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099777.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This book is about Fruit Chan's film Made in Hong Kong (1997), a tragic coming-of-age story which follows three disillusioned local youths struggling to navigate Hong Kong public housing projects and ...
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This book is about Fruit Chan's film Made in Hong Kong (1997), a tragic coming-of-age story which follows three disillusioned local youths struggling to navigate Hong Kong public housing projects and late adolescence amid violent crime, gang pressure, and broken homes. Shot on a very low budget, the film marked the beginning of Chan's career as an independent film director.Less
This book is about Fruit Chan's film Made in Hong Kong (1997), a tragic coming-of-age story which follows three disillusioned local youths struggling to navigate Hong Kong public housing projects and late adolescence amid violent crime, gang pressure, and broken homes. Shot on a very low budget, the film marked the beginning of Chan's career as an independent film director.
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195309379
- eISBN:
- 9780199786688
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309379.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
The lives of people from age eighteen to twenty-nine change dramatically but recently this has change has become more profound and a new stage of life has developed. Known as “emerging adulthood”, ...
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The lives of people from age eighteen to twenty-nine change dramatically but recently this has change has become more profound and a new stage of life has developed. Known as “emerging adulthood”, this stage is distinct from both the adolescence that precedes it and the young adulthood that comes in its wake. Rather than marrying and becoming parents in their early twenties, most people in industrialized societies now postpone these transitions until at least their late twenties. This book identifies and labels this period of limbo, exploration, instability, possibility, and self-focus. An increasing number of emerging adults emphasize the importance of meaningful and satisfying work to a degree not seen in prior generations. Marrying later and exploring more casual sexual relationships have created different hopes and fears concerning long-term commitments and the differences between love and sex. Emerging adults also face the challenge of defending their non-traditional lifestyles to parents and others outside their generation who have made more traditional choices. In contrast to previous portrayals of emerging adults, the book's research shows that they are particularly skilled at maintaining contradictory emotions — they are confident while still being wary, and optimistic in the face of large degrees of uncertainty.Less
The lives of people from age eighteen to twenty-nine change dramatically but recently this has change has become more profound and a new stage of life has developed. Known as “emerging adulthood”, this stage is distinct from both the adolescence that precedes it and the young adulthood that comes in its wake. Rather than marrying and becoming parents in their early twenties, most people in industrialized societies now postpone these transitions until at least their late twenties. This book identifies and labels this period of limbo, exploration, instability, possibility, and self-focus. An increasing number of emerging adults emphasize the importance of meaningful and satisfying work to a degree not seen in prior generations. Marrying later and exploring more casual sexual relationships have created different hopes and fears concerning long-term commitments and the differences between love and sex. Emerging adults also face the challenge of defending their non-traditional lifestyles to parents and others outside their generation who have made more traditional choices. In contrast to previous portrayals of emerging adults, the book's research shows that they are particularly skilled at maintaining contradictory emotions — they are confident while still being wary, and optimistic in the face of large degrees of uncertainty.
Lisa D. Pearce and Melinda Lundquist Denton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753895
- eISBN:
- 9780199894949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753895.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Following the same youth over about three years of their adolescence, this chapter examines various dynamics in religiosity during adolescence. First, it looks at average change as well as individual ...
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Following the same youth over about three years of their adolescence, this chapter examines various dynamics in religiosity during adolescence. First, it looks at average change as well as individual trajectories in multiple measures of three dimensions of religiosity: conduct, content, and centrality. Then, combining these measures to consider religiosity more holistically, the chapter considers the likelihood of an adolescent’s changing religious profiles over time. Quotes from youth who typify the five most common types of religious change in adolescence are provided to illustrate these dynamics. This chapter reveals a reasonable degree of stability in adolescent religiosity, but describes the moderate refinements that often take place usually involving decreases, but sometimes increases, in certain dimensions of religiosity.Less
Following the same youth over about three years of their adolescence, this chapter examines various dynamics in religiosity during adolescence. First, it looks at average change as well as individual trajectories in multiple measures of three dimensions of religiosity: conduct, content, and centrality. Then, combining these measures to consider religiosity more holistically, the chapter considers the likelihood of an adolescent’s changing religious profiles over time. Quotes from youth who typify the five most common types of religious change in adolescence are provided to illustrate these dynamics. This chapter reveals a reasonable degree of stability in adolescent religiosity, but describes the moderate refinements that often take place usually involving decreases, but sometimes increases, in certain dimensions of religiosity.
Lisa D. Pearce and Melinda Lundquist Denton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753895
- eISBN:
- 9780199894949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753895.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Narratives of religious change in adolescence are the focus of this chapter. Included is an exploration of what youth mean when they say they have become more or less religious or stayed the same. ...
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Narratives of religious change in adolescence are the focus of this chapter. Included is an exploration of what youth mean when they say they have become more or less religious or stayed the same. Few youth describe dynamics in their religiosity by referencing the content of their religious beliefs. A greater proportion discuss their religiosity in terms of religious conduct such as religious service attendance or prayer, but these are usually youth who are describing a decrease in religiosity during adolescence. Youth who rely on the centrality of religion in their life to describe stability or an increase in religiosity are (1) often the Abiders or Adapters who started with a very high level of religious salience and (2) at times report stability or increase in religiosity’s centrality despite decreasing religious conduct. In this period of life called adolescence, as autonomy grows and brain development continues, youth find increasing meaning and confidence in personally refining their religiosity.Less
Narratives of religious change in adolescence are the focus of this chapter. Included is an exploration of what youth mean when they say they have become more or less religious or stayed the same. Few youth describe dynamics in their religiosity by referencing the content of their religious beliefs. A greater proportion discuss their religiosity in terms of religious conduct such as religious service attendance or prayer, but these are usually youth who are describing a decrease in religiosity during adolescence. Youth who rely on the centrality of religion in their life to describe stability or an increase in religiosity are (1) often the Abiders or Adapters who started with a very high level of religious salience and (2) at times report stability or increase in religiosity’s centrality despite decreasing religious conduct. In this period of life called adolescence, as autonomy grows and brain development continues, youth find increasing meaning and confidence in personally refining their religiosity.
Lisa D. Pearce and Melinda Lundquist Denton
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199753895
- eISBN:
- 9780199894949
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753895.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter explores how three critical contexts of youth—family, peers, and religious institutions—can facilitate or pose barriers for religious refinement in adolescence. What appears to be the ...
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This chapter explores how three critical contexts of youth—family, peers, and religious institutions—can facilitate or pose barriers for religious refinement in adolescence. What appears to be the most positive model is reminiscent of what other scholars have called “social scaffolding.” Scaffolding is providing support around the learning or development of youth, but leaving just enough space between the foundational scaffolding and where youth are in the process of developing their own religiosity. When youth know the support is there, but that they are free to further refine their faith relatively autonomously, they are more confident and happy in their religious and spiritual lives. When parents, peers, or religious institutions under- or over-scaffold, youth sense they are being misunderstood and often disengage from the process of religious refinement.Less
This chapter explores how three critical contexts of youth—family, peers, and religious institutions—can facilitate or pose barriers for religious refinement in adolescence. What appears to be the most positive model is reminiscent of what other scholars have called “social scaffolding.” Scaffolding is providing support around the learning or development of youth, but leaving just enough space between the foundational scaffolding and where youth are in the process of developing their own religiosity. When youth know the support is there, but that they are free to further refine their faith relatively autonomously, they are more confident and happy in their religious and spiritual lives. When parents, peers, or religious institutions under- or over-scaffold, youth sense they are being misunderstood and often disengage from the process of religious refinement.
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195309379
- eISBN:
- 9780199786688
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309379.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter considers, through the eyes of another group of emerging adults, the passage from emerging adulthood to young adulthood, focusing on the question of what it means to become an adult. The ...
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This chapter considers, through the eyes of another group of emerging adults, the passage from emerging adulthood to young adulthood, focusing on the question of what it means to become an adult. The discussion starts by exploring how adulthood has been defined in traditional cultures and in the past in American history, then at how emerging adults today define adulthood and assess their own progress toward adult status. The subjects in this chapter then reflect on their mixed feelings about leaving adolescence — from the perspective of emerging adulthood. They also describe their mixed feelings about becoming adults — from the perspective of emerging adulthood, reaching adulthood promises stability but evokes fears of stagnation. Finally, their views of the future are examined, and how they foresee a happy and successful life for themselves even as they believe the world in general is fraught with peril, are examined.Less
This chapter considers, through the eyes of another group of emerging adults, the passage from emerging adulthood to young adulthood, focusing on the question of what it means to become an adult. The discussion starts by exploring how adulthood has been defined in traditional cultures and in the past in American history, then at how emerging adults today define adulthood and assess their own progress toward adult status. The subjects in this chapter then reflect on their mixed feelings about leaving adolescence — from the perspective of emerging adulthood. They also describe their mixed feelings about becoming adults — from the perspective of emerging adulthood, reaching adulthood promises stability but evokes fears of stagnation. Finally, their views of the future are examined, and how they foresee a happy and successful life for themselves even as they believe the world in general is fraught with peril, are examined.
Rosalind Brown-Grant
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199554140
- eISBN:
- 9780191721069
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554140.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature
Whilst French romances of the 12th and 13th centuries enjoy a privileged place in the literary history of France, romances from the later middle ages have been neglected by modern scholars. In ...
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Whilst French romances of the 12th and 13th centuries enjoy a privileged place in the literary history of France, romances from the later middle ages have been neglected by modern scholars. In particular, although this genre has been seen as providing a forum within which contemporary ideas about masculine and feminine roles were debated, little work has been done on the gender ideology of 14th- and 15th-century texts. This book's aims is to fill this gap in the scholarship by analysing how the views of gender found in earlier romances were reshaped in the texts produced in the moralising intellectual environment of the later medieval period. In order to explore these topics, the book discusses sixteen historico-realist prose romances written between 1390 and 1480, many of which were commissioned at the court of Burgundy. It addresses key issues in recent studies of gender in medieval culture including the construction of chivalric masculinity, the representation of adolescent desire, and the social and sexual roles of husbands and wives. In addition to offering close readings of these texts, it shows how the romances of the period were informed by ideas about gender which circulated in contemporary works such as manuals of chivalry, moral treatises, and marriage sermons. It aims to question the critical consensus on the role of gender in medieval romance that has arisen from an exclusive focus on earlier works in the genre.Less
Whilst French romances of the 12th and 13th centuries enjoy a privileged place in the literary history of France, romances from the later middle ages have been neglected by modern scholars. In particular, although this genre has been seen as providing a forum within which contemporary ideas about masculine and feminine roles were debated, little work has been done on the gender ideology of 14th- and 15th-century texts. This book's aims is to fill this gap in the scholarship by analysing how the views of gender found in earlier romances were reshaped in the texts produced in the moralising intellectual environment of the later medieval period. In order to explore these topics, the book discusses sixteen historico-realist prose romances written between 1390 and 1480, many of which were commissioned at the court of Burgundy. It addresses key issues in recent studies of gender in medieval culture including the construction of chivalric masculinity, the representation of adolescent desire, and the social and sexual roles of husbands and wives. In addition to offering close readings of these texts, it shows how the romances of the period were informed by ideas about gender which circulated in contemporary works such as manuals of chivalry, moral treatises, and marriage sermons. It aims to question the critical consensus on the role of gender in medieval romance that has arisen from an exclusive focus on earlier works in the genre.
Matthew Stagner and Daniel Kuehn
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195398465
- eISBN:
- 9780199863426
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195398465.003.0007
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families, Health and Mental Health
This chapter looks into the lives of adolescents in foster care. It previews the challenges likely to be faced by older youths who have been in or have recently entered the foster care system. It is ...
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This chapter looks into the lives of adolescents in foster care. It previews the challenges likely to be faced by older youths who have been in or have recently entered the foster care system. It is hypothesized that children remaining in the parental home will be higher in bonding social capital but lower in bridging social capital than children taken into foster care. There is partial support for this hypothesis in terms of the “closeness” in-home youths report feeling with their caregivers, but there are lower levels of child protection and monitoring there than for children in out-of-home care. For bridging social capital there are expected differences, with youths in out-of-home care having potential access to greater educational, occupational, and economic resources than youths who remain in the parental home. The analyses suggest that bridging social capital may decline over time for youths with increased amounts of time in the parental home.Less
This chapter looks into the lives of adolescents in foster care. It previews the challenges likely to be faced by older youths who have been in or have recently entered the foster care system. It is hypothesized that children remaining in the parental home will be higher in bonding social capital but lower in bridging social capital than children taken into foster care. There is partial support for this hypothesis in terms of the “closeness” in-home youths report feeling with their caregivers, but there are lower levels of child protection and monitoring there than for children in out-of-home care. For bridging social capital there are expected differences, with youths in out-of-home care having potential access to greater educational, occupational, and economic resources than youths who remain in the parental home. The analyses suggest that bridging social capital may decline over time for youths with increased amounts of time in the parental home.
Alan H. Sommerstein
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199568314
- eISBN:
- 9780191723018
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568314.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter examines critically the widespread belief that many 5th-century Athenian dramas reflect in various ways institutionalized practices or rituals connected with the young male's transition ...
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This chapter examines critically the widespread belief that many 5th-century Athenian dramas reflect in various ways institutionalized practices or rituals connected with the young male's transition to adulthood. It argues that there is no good evidence that any such institutions existed in 5th-century Athens. However, the education and socialization of the adolescent male was a major theme of Athenian drama between about 430 and 400 BC; some deal with youths whose education has left them ill-equipped for adult life, others with youths who have been corrupted by their teachers. This is known to have been a time of educational crisis, with traditional education seeming inadequate and sophistic education deeply suspected, but no effective reform was found until the two-year, full-time ephebeia was introduced in 334.Less
This chapter examines critically the widespread belief that many 5th-century Athenian dramas reflect in various ways institutionalized practices or rituals connected with the young male's transition to adulthood. It argues that there is no good evidence that any such institutions existed in 5th-century Athens. However, the education and socialization of the adolescent male was a major theme of Athenian drama between about 430 and 400 BC; some deal with youths whose education has left them ill-equipped for adult life, others with youths who have been corrupted by their teachers. This is known to have been a time of educational crisis, with traditional education seeming inadequate and sophistic education deeply suspected, but no effective reform was found until the two-year, full-time ephebeia was introduced in 334.
Coleman Julie
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199567256
- eISBN:
- 9780191595073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567256.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics, Lexicography
Slang only becomes associated with young people in general during the period covered by this volume. The production of dictionaries of youth slang was fuelled by fears of juvenile delinquency and by ...
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Slang only becomes associated with young people in general during the period covered by this volume. The production of dictionaries of youth slang was fuelled by fears of juvenile delinquency and by the influence of ‘black’ music on white teenagers. However, many glossaries of youth slang from this period were produced as tools in marketing and advertising campaigns.Less
Slang only becomes associated with young people in general during the period covered by this volume. The production of dictionaries of youth slang was fuelled by fears of juvenile delinquency and by the influence of ‘black’ music on white teenagers. However, many glossaries of youth slang from this period were produced as tools in marketing and advertising campaigns.
Franklin E. Zimring
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195181166
- eISBN:
- 9780199943302
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181166.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This volume discusses criminology and policy analysis of adolescence. The focus is on the principles and policy of a separate and distinct system of juvenile justice. The book opens with an ...
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This volume discusses criminology and policy analysis of adolescence. The focus is on the principles and policy of a separate and distinct system of juvenile justice. The book opens with an introduction of the creation of adolescence, presenting a justification for the category of the juvenile or a period of partial responsibility before full adulthood. Subsequent sections include empirical investigations of the nature of youth criminality and legal policy towards youth crime. At the heart of the book is an argument for a penal policy that recognizes diminished responsibility and a youth policy that emphasizes the benefits of letting the maturing process continue with minimal interruption. The book concludes with applications of the core concerns to five specific problem areas in current juvenile justice: teen pregnancy, transfer to criminal court, minority overrepresentation, juvenile gun use, and youth homicide.Less
This volume discusses criminology and policy analysis of adolescence. The focus is on the principles and policy of a separate and distinct system of juvenile justice. The book opens with an introduction of the creation of adolescence, presenting a justification for the category of the juvenile or a period of partial responsibility before full adulthood. Subsequent sections include empirical investigations of the nature of youth criminality and legal policy towards youth crime. At the heart of the book is an argument for a penal policy that recognizes diminished responsibility and a youth policy that emphasizes the benefits of letting the maturing process continue with minimal interruption. The book concludes with applications of the core concerns to five specific problem areas in current juvenile justice: teen pregnancy, transfer to criminal court, minority overrepresentation, juvenile gun use, and youth homicide.
Susan H. Landry and Karen E. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195327694
- eISBN:
- 9780199776962
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327694.003.0016
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Development of executive functions and self-regulation, two important goals for school age children, are described in this chapter. To better understand their development, we examine the evidence for ...
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Development of executive functions and self-regulation, two important goals for school age children, are described in this chapter. To better understand their development, we examine the evidence for several early skills as precursors, including social communication, language, and pretend play. The potential for the quality of caregivers' early verbal input to also support these skills is described, particularly as this input occurs during early childhood. Finally, evidence is provided for the links between early precursor skills and caregiver input with school age executive functions and adolescent social competence. Evidence for these relations comes from a unique longitudinal study of 360 children and their caregivers examined in home settings from 6 months to 13 years of age. Findings highlight how skills developing in infancy and early childhood provide a foundation for executive functions and self regulation in middle childhood and early adolescence and the importance of the child's social context.Less
Development of executive functions and self-regulation, two important goals for school age children, are described in this chapter. To better understand their development, we examine the evidence for several early skills as precursors, including social communication, language, and pretend play. The potential for the quality of caregivers' early verbal input to also support these skills is described, particularly as this input occurs during early childhood. Finally, evidence is provided for the links between early precursor skills and caregiver input with school age executive functions and adolescent social competence. Evidence for these relations comes from a unique longitudinal study of 360 children and their caregivers examined in home settings from 6 months to 13 years of age. Findings highlight how skills developing in infancy and early childhood provide a foundation for executive functions and self regulation in middle childhood and early adolescence and the importance of the child's social context.
Waldo E. Johnson (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195314366
- eISBN:
- 9780199865567
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314366.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations, Health and Mental Health
African American males have never fared as poorly as they do currently on a number of social indicators. They are less likely to complete high school than their white male and female or African ...
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African American males have never fared as poorly as they do currently on a number of social indicators. They are less likely to complete high school than their white male and female or African American female peers, are more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms, and they have fewer sanctioned coping-strategies. Arguably, no other group in American society has been more maligned, regularly faced with tremendous odds that uniquely threaten their existence. When they do receive education, mental health, and physical health services, it is often in correctional settings. They are marginalized in public policies on secondary and higher education attainment, marriage and parental expectations, public welfare, health, housing, and community development. Yet they remain overlooked in health and social science research and are stereotyped in the popular media. Taking a step back from the traditionally myopic view of African American males as criminals and hustlers, this book provides a more nuanced and realistic portrait of their experiences in the world. The chapters offer a comprehensive overview of the social and economic data on black males to date and the significant issues that affect them from adolescence to adulthood. Via in-depth qualitative interviews as well as comprehensive surveys and data sets, their physical, mental, and spiritual health and emerging family roles are considered within both individual and communal contexts. Chapters cover health issues such as HIV and depression; fatherhood and family roles; suicide; violence; academic achievement; and incarceration.Less
African American males have never fared as poorly as they do currently on a number of social indicators. They are less likely to complete high school than their white male and female or African American female peers, are more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms, and they have fewer sanctioned coping-strategies. Arguably, no other group in American society has been more maligned, regularly faced with tremendous odds that uniquely threaten their existence. When they do receive education, mental health, and physical health services, it is often in correctional settings. They are marginalized in public policies on secondary and higher education attainment, marriage and parental expectations, public welfare, health, housing, and community development. Yet they remain overlooked in health and social science research and are stereotyped in the popular media. Taking a step back from the traditionally myopic view of African American males as criminals and hustlers, this book provides a more nuanced and realistic portrait of their experiences in the world. The chapters offer a comprehensive overview of the social and economic data on black males to date and the significant issues that affect them from adolescence to adulthood. Via in-depth qualitative interviews as well as comprehensive surveys and data sets, their physical, mental, and spiritual health and emerging family roles are considered within both individual and communal contexts. Chapters cover health issues such as HIV and depression; fatherhood and family roles; suicide; violence; academic achievement; and incarceration.
