Rebecca Robbins Raines
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813176550
- eISBN:
- 9780813176581
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813176550.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter focuses on the establishment by the Signal Corps of the Army Command and Administrative Network (ACAN) in the Pacific Theater where unique challenges of distance, climate, and terrain ...
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This chapter focuses on the establishment by the Signal Corps of the Army Command and Administrative Network (ACAN) in the Pacific Theater where unique challenges of distance, climate, and terrain faced the Army’s communicators.Initially a manually operated system, ACAN eventually adopted automatic radioteletype equipment that enabled faster and more accurate transmission of the rapidly growing message workload.ACAN made possible significant innovations, such as teleconferencing, that enabled Allied leaders to communicate with their commanders thousands of miles away. By war’s end, the system was carrying fifty million words per day over its circuits—an estimated eight words for every bullet fired.With the return to peace, the United States Government decided to dismantle ACAN.Not until the war in Vietnam would the Army operate another globe-spanning system, this time using the latest satellite technology to bridge the distance between Washington and the fighting front.Less
This chapter focuses on the establishment by the Signal Corps of the Army Command and Administrative Network (ACAN) in the Pacific Theater where unique challenges of distance, climate, and terrain faced the Army’s communicators.Initially a manually operated system, ACAN eventually adopted automatic radioteletype equipment that enabled faster and more accurate transmission of the rapidly growing message workload.ACAN made possible significant innovations, such as teleconferencing, that enabled Allied leaders to communicate with their commanders thousands of miles away. By war’s end, the system was carrying fifty million words per day over its circuits—an estimated eight words for every bullet fired.With the return to peace, the United States Government decided to dismantle ACAN.Not until the war in Vietnam would the Army operate another globe-spanning system, this time using the latest satellite technology to bridge the distance between Washington and the fighting front.
Wu Jinglian, Ma Guochuan, Xiaofeng Hua, and Nancy Hearst
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780190223151
- eISBN:
- 9780190223182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190223151.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, International
With China’s changed political situation in 1957–58, it became politically incorrect to share interests with state-owned enterprises and workers. The 1958 reform consisted of decentralizing power to ...
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With China’s changed political situation in 1957–58, it became politically incorrect to share interests with state-owned enterprises and workers. The 1958 reform consisted of decentralizing power to local governments. But the decentralized planned economy was similar to the centrally planned economy in that they both used administrative commands to allocate resources. Therefore, it is more accurate to refer to China’s post-1958 economy as a “decentralized command economy.” This was the institutional foundation for the 1958 Great Leap Forward. By the end of the year, the negative results of the Leap, which completely lacked common sense, had become increasingly apparent. Between 1958 and 1976, the decentralized command-economy measures resulted in a vicious cycle: once powers were decentralized, chaos ensued, leading to yet another round of centralization, and as soon as powers were again recentralized, the economy lost its vitality.Less
With China’s changed political situation in 1957–58, it became politically incorrect to share interests with state-owned enterprises and workers. The 1958 reform consisted of decentralizing power to local governments. But the decentralized planned economy was similar to the centrally planned economy in that they both used administrative commands to allocate resources. Therefore, it is more accurate to refer to China’s post-1958 economy as a “decentralized command economy.” This was the institutional foundation for the 1958 Great Leap Forward. By the end of the year, the negative results of the Leap, which completely lacked common sense, had become increasingly apparent. Between 1958 and 1976, the decentralized command-economy measures resulted in a vicious cycle: once powers were decentralized, chaos ensued, leading to yet another round of centralization, and as soon as powers were again recentralized, the economy lost its vitality.
David J Ulbrich
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813176550
- eISBN:
- 9780813176581
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813176550.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
The introduction to this anthology connects a diverse collection of essays that examine the 1940s as the critical decade in the United States’ ascendance in the Pacific Rim. Following the end of ...
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The introduction to this anthology connects a diverse collection of essays that examine the 1940s as the critical decade in the United States’ ascendance in the Pacific Rim. Following the end of World War II, the United States assumed the hegemonic role in the region when Japan’s defeat created military and political vacuums in the region. It is in this context that this anthology stands not only as a précis of current scholarship but also as a prospectus for future research. The contributors’ chapters eschew the traditional focus on military operations that has dominated the historiography of 1940s in the Pacific Basin and East Asia. Instead, the contributors venture into areas of race, gender, technology, culture, media, diplomacy, and institutions, all of which add nuance and clarity to the existing literature of World War II and the early Cold War.Less
The introduction to this anthology connects a diverse collection of essays that examine the 1940s as the critical decade in the United States’ ascendance in the Pacific Rim. Following the end of World War II, the United States assumed the hegemonic role in the region when Japan’s defeat created military and political vacuums in the region. It is in this context that this anthology stands not only as a précis of current scholarship but also as a prospectus for future research. The contributors’ chapters eschew the traditional focus on military operations that has dominated the historiography of 1940s in the Pacific Basin and East Asia. Instead, the contributors venture into areas of race, gender, technology, culture, media, diplomacy, and institutions, all of which add nuance and clarity to the existing literature of World War II and the early Cold War.