Sharan Jagpal
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195371055
- eISBN:
- 9780199870745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371055.003.0010
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Marketing
This chapter shows how the firm should choose marketing policies when its products are sold by distributors. It distinguishes between exclusive and nonexclusive distributors, show how the firm can ...
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This chapter shows how the firm should choose marketing policies when its products are sold by distributors. It distinguishes between exclusive and nonexclusive distributors, show how the firm can coordinate its bricks-and-mortar and Internet pricing strategies to maximize performance, show how the firm should coordinate its price and advertising strategies when it sells through distributors, and discuss when the firm should use vertical integration strategies. In particular, it shows how the multiproduct firm should coordinate its channel strategy when the distributor also sells multiple products.Less
This chapter shows how the firm should choose marketing policies when its products are sold by distributors. It distinguishes between exclusive and nonexclusive distributors, show how the firm can coordinate its bricks-and-mortar and Internet pricing strategies to maximize performance, show how the firm should coordinate its price and advertising strategies when it sells through distributors, and discuss when the firm should use vertical integration strategies. In particular, it shows how the multiproduct firm should coordinate its channel strategy when the distributor also sells multiple products.
Sharan Jagpal
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195371055
- eISBN:
- 9780199870745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371055.003.0013
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Marketing
This chapter shows how the firm should coordinate its advertising decisions with the other elements of the marketing mix such as price and promotion, especially when demand is uncertain. It shows how ...
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This chapter shows how the firm should coordinate its advertising decisions with the other elements of the marketing mix such as price and promotion, especially when demand is uncertain. It shows how the firm should vary its advertising spending over the product life cycle and the business cycle. In particular, it shows how marketing-finance fusion allows the firm to maximize its long-run performance under uncertainty.Less
This chapter shows how the firm should coordinate its advertising decisions with the other elements of the marketing mix such as price and promotion, especially when demand is uncertain. It shows how the firm should vary its advertising spending over the product life cycle and the business cycle. In particular, it shows how marketing-finance fusion allows the firm to maximize its long-run performance under uncertainty.
Sharan Jagpal
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195371055
- eISBN:
- 9780199870745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371055.003.0019
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Marketing
This chapter discusses the conditions under which brand equity can exist and whether brand equity implies charging high prices. It evaluates the use of standard metrics for measuring brand equity ...
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This chapter discusses the conditions under which brand equity can exist and whether brand equity implies charging high prices. It evaluates the use of standard metrics for measuring brand equity (e.g., Tobin's q-ratio and the multiplier method). Following this, it proposes an integrated marketing-finance fusion method for measuring brand equity that combines behavioral and financial data and allows for competitive effects at different levels in the supply chain and for differential market growth rates.Less
This chapter discusses the conditions under which brand equity can exist and whether brand equity implies charging high prices. It evaluates the use of standard metrics for measuring brand equity (e.g., Tobin's q-ratio and the multiplier method). Following this, it proposes an integrated marketing-finance fusion method for measuring brand equity that combines behavioral and financial data and allows for competitive effects at different levels in the supply chain and for differential market growth rates.
Sharan Jagpal
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195371055
- eISBN:
- 9780199870745
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371055.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Marketing
This chapter introduces key financial tools necessary for understanding Fusion for Profit. This chapter shows how different ownership structures (i.e., whether the firm is publicly or privately held) ...
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This chapter introduces key financial tools necessary for understanding Fusion for Profit. This chapter shows how different ownership structures (i.e., whether the firm is publicly or privately held) affect the firm's tradeoff between risk and return. It also distinguishes the cases where the firm sells multiple products or has multiple divisions; in particular, it shows how privately and publicly held firms should coordinate their marketing and financial decisions under uncertainty.Less
This chapter introduces key financial tools necessary for understanding Fusion for Profit. This chapter shows how different ownership structures (i.e., whether the firm is publicly or privately held) affect the firm's tradeoff between risk and return. It also distinguishes the cases where the firm sells multiple products or has multiple divisions; in particular, it shows how privately and publicly held firms should coordinate their marketing and financial decisions under uncertainty.
Zhigang Guo and Wei Chen
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199299294
- eISBN:
- 9780191715082
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299294.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter examines the fertility decline in mainland China since the 1970s. Using data from a wide range of sources, including the 2000 census and through linking recorded children to their ...
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This chapter examines the fertility decline in mainland China since the 1970s. Using data from a wide range of sources, including the 2000 census and through linking recorded children to their mothers, it shows that China's Total Fertility Rate was likely to have fallen to 1.6 at the end of the 20th century. Useful information on changes in cohort fertility is provided through the examination of a tempo-adjusted Total Fertility Rate.Less
This chapter examines the fertility decline in mainland China since the 1970s. Using data from a wide range of sources, including the 2000 census and through linking recorded children to their mothers, it shows that China's Total Fertility Rate was likely to have fallen to 1.6 at the end of the 20th century. Useful information on changes in cohort fertility is provided through the examination of a tempo-adjusted Total Fertility Rate.
Bernard Van Praag
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199226146
- eISBN:
- 9780191718595
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226146.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
This chapter examines the possibility of measuring the effects of specific diseases on health and quality of life. Two methods have made this possible. The first is the satisfaction model developed ...
More
This chapter examines the possibility of measuring the effects of specific diseases on health and quality of life. Two methods have made this possible. The first is the satisfaction model developed in Chapter 4, which allows for the assessment of money values equivalent to the losses in well-being caused by illness. The second method is based on a new quality adjusted life year concept, which provides an intuitively plausible tool that is easy to interpret and cheap in terms of data collection.Less
This chapter examines the possibility of measuring the effects of specific diseases on health and quality of life. Two methods have made this possible. The first is the satisfaction model developed in Chapter 4, which allows for the assessment of money values equivalent to the losses in well-being caused by illness. The second method is based on a new quality adjusted life year concept, which provides an intuitively plausible tool that is easy to interpret and cheap in terms of data collection.
Fred Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199571178
- eISBN:
- 9780191722547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571178.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
An ancient objection to eudaimonism is based on the idea of “disgusting happiness”. Steven Cahn developed an interesting version of this objection based on a fictional character—Judah Rosenthal, from ...
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An ancient objection to eudaimonism is based on the idea of “disgusting happiness”. Steven Cahn developed an interesting version of this objection based on a fictional character—Judah Rosenthal, from the Woody Allen film Crimes and Misdemeanors. Judah passes all popular tests for happiness but is utterly morally corrupt. His case casts doubt on the naive identification of happiness with welfare. It's not clear that the case is decisive. Nevertheless, a form of eudaimonism that is intended to circumvent this problem can be developed. According to this novel form of the theory, the welfare value of each episode of happiness must be adjusted so as to reflect the extent to which the object of that happiness deserves to be enjoyed. It is left to the interested reader to determine whether the modification is really needed.Less
An ancient objection to eudaimonism is based on the idea of “disgusting happiness”. Steven Cahn developed an interesting version of this objection based on a fictional character—Judah Rosenthal, from the Woody Allen film Crimes and Misdemeanors. Judah passes all popular tests for happiness but is utterly morally corrupt. His case casts doubt on the naive identification of happiness with welfare. It's not clear that the case is decisive. Nevertheless, a form of eudaimonism that is intended to circumvent this problem can be developed. According to this novel form of the theory, the welfare value of each episode of happiness must be adjusted so as to reflect the extent to which the object of that happiness deserves to be enjoyed. It is left to the interested reader to determine whether the modification is really needed.
Olivia S. Mitchell and Kent Smetters
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199266913
- eISBN:
- 9780191601323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199266913.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter shows that existing pension actuarial methods transfer risk away from early generations towards later generations. This causes equal expected costs to appear as unequal risk-adjusted ...
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This chapter shows that existing pension actuarial methods transfer risk away from early generations towards later generations. This causes equal expected costs to appear as unequal risk-adjusted costs, whenever risky assets are included in defined benefit plans. This bias favours current taxpayers, plan participants, and politicians at the expense of future taxpayers.Less
This chapter shows that existing pension actuarial methods transfer risk away from early generations towards later generations. This causes equal expected costs to appear as unequal risk-adjusted costs, whenever risky assets are included in defined benefit plans. This bias favours current taxpayers, plan participants, and politicians at the expense of future taxpayers.
Maurice FitzGerald Scott
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198287421
- eISBN:
- 9780191596872
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198287429.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The stylized facts of growth are that the rate of growth of output and employment, the shares of wages and profits in income, and the rate of return to investment, are all constant. It greatly ...
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The stylized facts of growth are that the rate of growth of output and employment, the shares of wages and profits in income, and the rate of return to investment, are all constant. It greatly simplifies analysis to assume that this is so and that businesses expect it to be so, and that is at least a step forward from the normal assumption of static equilibrium or convergence on one. Furthermore, it is a reasonable approximation to past experience over periods of 10 to 30 years, abstracting from the trade cycle. Employment growth must be quality adjusted, in principle, weighting each worker by his or her relative marginal product, and this makes a big difference to measured productivity growth.Less
The stylized facts of growth are that the rate of growth of output and employment, the shares of wages and profits in income, and the rate of return to investment, are all constant. It greatly simplifies analysis to assume that this is so and that businesses expect it to be so, and that is at least a step forward from the normal assumption of static equilibrium or convergence on one. Furthermore, it is a reasonable approximation to past experience over periods of 10 to 30 years, abstracting from the trade cycle. Employment growth must be quality adjusted, in principle, weighting each worker by his or her relative marginal product, and this makes a big difference to measured productivity growth.
Fred Feldman
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199265169
- eISBN:
- 9780191601385
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019926516X.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
The objection from false pleasures (introduced in Ch. 3) is reviewed. A version relevant to Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism is formulated and evaluated. A new form of hedonism making use of an ...
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The objection from false pleasures (introduced in Ch. 3) is reviewed. A version relevant to Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism is formulated and evaluated. A new form of hedonism making use of an adjustment for truth is introduced and explained. It is alleged that this form of hedonism (‘Truth Adjusted Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism’) is not refuted by the objection from false pleasures. The Platonic objection based on pleasure without knowledge is reviewed. The objection seems ineffective against Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism. Finally, the objection from base or worthless pleasures is discussed. A new form of hedonism—Desert Adjusted Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism—is introduced and defended. This is said to evade all the objections so far mentioned.Less
The objection from false pleasures (introduced in Ch. 3) is reviewed. A version relevant to Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism is formulated and evaluated. A new form of hedonism making use of an adjustment for truth is introduced and explained. It is alleged that this form of hedonism (‘Truth Adjusted Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism’) is not refuted by the objection from false pleasures. The Platonic objection based on pleasure without knowledge is reviewed. The objection seems ineffective against Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism. Finally, the objection from base or worthless pleasures is discussed. A new form of hedonism—Desert Adjusted Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism—is introduced and defended. This is said to evade all the objections so far mentioned.
Mario Mazzocchi, W. Bruce Traill, and Jason F. Shogren
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199213856
- eISBN:
- 9780191695902
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213856.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
This chapter aims to quantify the damaging effects obesity by using an economic toolkit. It offers case studies to support the conceptual analysis. It assesses the cost of obesity and distinguishes ...
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This chapter aims to quantify the damaging effects obesity by using an economic toolkit. It offers case studies to support the conceptual analysis. It assesses the cost of obesity and distinguishes between private costs paid by an individual and the social costs borne by the rest of society. It discusses the role of intervention and alternative measures like quality adjusted life years (QALY). It recommends the evaluation of policies to learn lessons for the future and the gathering of more data to make the methods easier to use.Less
This chapter aims to quantify the damaging effects obesity by using an economic toolkit. It offers case studies to support the conceptual analysis. It assesses the cost of obesity and distinguishes between private costs paid by an individual and the social costs borne by the rest of society. It discusses the role of intervention and alternative measures like quality adjusted life years (QALY). It recommends the evaluation of policies to learn lessons for the future and the gathering of more data to make the methods easier to use.
J. Mick Tilford and Ali I. Raja
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199547494
- eISBN:
- 9780191720055
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547494.003.09
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem worldwide and is often referred to as the ‘silent epidemic’. The uncertainty faced by clinicians in treating children with severe brain injuries ...
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem worldwide and is often referred to as the ‘silent epidemic’. The uncertainty faced by clinicians in treating children with severe brain injuries is controversial with important clinical and social implications. This chapter weighs the costs and consequences of aggressive treatment of pediatric TBI. It is organized into three sections. First, the physiology and treatment of TBI in children is described. Second, a cost-effectiveness analysis evaluating technology improvement in the treatment of pediatric TBI is presented. This analysis incorporates quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using published data on preference-weighted health outcomes for children with TBI. Finally, the implications and clinical policy relevance of the analysis are discussed and additional research that could inform clinical policy is outlined.Less
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem worldwide and is often referred to as the ‘silent epidemic’. The uncertainty faced by clinicians in treating children with severe brain injuries is controversial with important clinical and social implications. This chapter weighs the costs and consequences of aggressive treatment of pediatric TBI. It is organized into three sections. First, the physiology and treatment of TBI in children is described. Second, a cost-effectiveness analysis evaluating technology improvement in the treatment of pediatric TBI is presented. This analysis incorporates quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using published data on preference-weighted health outcomes for children with TBI. Finally, the implications and clinical policy relevance of the analysis are discussed and additional research that could inform clinical policy is outlined.
Donald S. Shepard and Jose A. Suaya
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199547494
- eISBN:
- 9780191720055
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547494.003.12
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease which threatens half the world's population. This chapter first briefly examines an existing technology, larviciding, to control the mosquito which transmits ...
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Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease which threatens half the world's population. This chapter first briefly examines an existing technology, larviciding, to control the mosquito which transmits dengue. It then presents a detailed examination of a new technology for dengue prevention, a potential dengue vaccine, based on previous work. The economic analysis estimates the health benefits of offering dengue vaccination to annual child cohorts in Southeast Asia (a region that has witnessed the highest incidence), determines the annual cost of that strategy, and projects potential revenues to vaccine producers. The economic analysis is conducted using standard approaches to cost-effectiveness analysis to derive the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. Finally, the chapter highlights some methodological challenges that are specific to child health.Less
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease which threatens half the world's population. This chapter first briefly examines an existing technology, larviciding, to control the mosquito which transmits dengue. It then presents a detailed examination of a new technology for dengue prevention, a potential dengue vaccine, based on previous work. The economic analysis estimates the health benefits of offering dengue vaccination to annual child cohorts in Southeast Asia (a region that has witnessed the highest incidence), determines the annual cost of that strategy, and projects potential revenues to vaccine producers. The economic analysis is conducted using standard approaches to cost-effectiveness analysis to derive the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. Finally, the chapter highlights some methodological challenges that are specific to child health.
Tessa Tan-Torres Edejer, Moses Aikins, Robert Black, Lara Wolfson, Raymond Hutubessy, and David B. Evans
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199547494
- eISBN:
- 9780191720055
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547494.003.13
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
There are logistical and analytical challenges when conducting economic evaluations in the developing world, ranging from lack of data on costs to determining generalizability. This chapter describes ...
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There are logistical and analytical challenges when conducting economic evaluations in the developing world, ranging from lack of data on costs to determining generalizability. This chapter describes the WHO-CHOICE approach, a generalized form of cost-effectiveness analysis. By using the ‘null’ scenario which assumes an absence of interventions for treating or preventing a condition of interest, this method allows existing and new interventions to be analysed at the same time. Cost-effectiveness analysis for child health interventions are presented including oral rehydration therapy, case management for pneumonia, Vitamin A and zinc supplementation and fortification, provision of supplementary food during weaning with nutrition counseling, and measles vaccination using the WHO-CHOICE approach. Methods for costing interventions and assessing the population impact of the interventions are presented. Results are expressed in terms of cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the value of the WHO-CHOICE approach to inform resource allocation.Less
There are logistical and analytical challenges when conducting economic evaluations in the developing world, ranging from lack of data on costs to determining generalizability. This chapter describes the WHO-CHOICE approach, a generalized form of cost-effectiveness analysis. By using the ‘null’ scenario which assumes an absence of interventions for treating or preventing a condition of interest, this method allows existing and new interventions to be analysed at the same time. Cost-effectiveness analysis for child health interventions are presented including oral rehydration therapy, case management for pneumonia, Vitamin A and zinc supplementation and fortification, provision of supplementary food during weaning with nutrition counseling, and measles vaccination using the WHO-CHOICE approach. Methods for costing interventions and assessing the population impact of the interventions are presented. Results are expressed in terms of cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the value of the WHO-CHOICE approach to inform resource allocation.
Stavros Petrou
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199547494
- eISBN:
- 9780191720055
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547494.003.15
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Evidence suggesting that a unit of health gain by a child is not of equal value to a unit of health gain by an adult would suggest that age should be considered as an important criterion in health ...
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Evidence suggesting that a unit of health gain by a child is not of equal value to a unit of health gain by an adult would suggest that age should be considered as an important criterion in health care resource allocation decisions. This chapter focuses on whether units of health gain, and specifically quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains, should be given the same value for children as for adults. It begins by presenting empirical evidence from the revealed preference and stated preference literature on the economic value of health outcomes for children and adults. This is followed by a discussion of methodological issues that require consideration when valuing health gains by children using preference-based techniques. Finally, a future research agenda in this area is outlined.Less
Evidence suggesting that a unit of health gain by a child is not of equal value to a unit of health gain by an adult would suggest that age should be considered as an important criterion in health care resource allocation decisions. This chapter focuses on whether units of health gain, and specifically quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains, should be given the same value for children as for adults. It begins by presenting empirical evidence from the revealed preference and stated preference literature on the economic value of health outcomes for children and adults. This is followed by a discussion of methodological issues that require consideration when valuing health gains by children using preference-based techniques. Finally, a future research agenda in this area is outlined.
John Sutton
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199274536
- eISBN:
- 9780191746123
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274536.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Chapter 1 introduced the idea of a ‘window’ defined in terms of the firm's wage-adjusted capability u/wc, i.e., the reciprocal of the firm's ‘effective cost level’. Chapter 2 showed that the process ...
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Chapter 1 introduced the idea of a ‘window’ defined in terms of the firm's wage-adjusted capability u/wc, i.e., the reciprocal of the firm's ‘effective cost level’. Chapter 2 showed that the process of trade liberalization leads to an upward shift in the threshold level of the wage-adjusted capability required for a firm to be viable in the global market. This chapter shows that the third phase of globalization leads to an upward shift in the top of the window, defined as the highest level of the wage-adjusted capability in the global market. The first half is concerned with technological competition among firms whose efforts redefine the top of the window. The second half turns to the opposite end of the spectrum. It focuses on those firms and countries that were more or less left behind when global markets began to liberalize during the 1990s and who now face the challenge of ‘getting into the window’. It is here that we meet with the challenges, and the new-found hopes, of the economies of Sub-Saharan Africa.Less
Chapter 1 introduced the idea of a ‘window’ defined in terms of the firm's wage-adjusted capability u/wc, i.e., the reciprocal of the firm's ‘effective cost level’. Chapter 2 showed that the process of trade liberalization leads to an upward shift in the threshold level of the wage-adjusted capability required for a firm to be viable in the global market. This chapter shows that the third phase of globalization leads to an upward shift in the top of the window, defined as the highest level of the wage-adjusted capability in the global market. The first half is concerned with technological competition among firms whose efforts redefine the top of the window. The second half turns to the opposite end of the spectrum. It focuses on those firms and countries that were more or less left behind when global markets began to liberalize during the 1990s and who now face the challenge of ‘getting into the window’. It is here that we meet with the challenges, and the new-found hopes, of the economies of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Trond Bjørndal and Gordon R. Munro
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199576753
- eISBN:
- 9780191745973
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576753.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, Financial Economics
This chapter turns to the management of capture fishery resources at the national/regional level. The starting point is the perverse incentives confronting fishermen in open access (common pool) ...
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This chapter turns to the management of capture fishery resources at the national/regional level. The starting point is the perverse incentives confronting fishermen in open access (common pool) conditions — pure or regulated — and the essential need for fisheries management to confront these destructive incentives. Two broad approaches to fisheries management are considered: incentive blocking and incentive adjusting. The discussion of incentive blocking approaches to management does, inter alia, raise the question of the efficacy of vessel decommissioning schemes. The discussion of incentive adjusting approaches to fisheries management gives particular attention to taxes and to harvesting rights schemes. The chapter then examines the ancillary role of marine protected areas, and goes on to discuss the consequences of massive government subsidies for effective fisheries management. The chapter concludes by considering means of mitigating the effects of irreducible uncertainty in fisheries management.Less
This chapter turns to the management of capture fishery resources at the national/regional level. The starting point is the perverse incentives confronting fishermen in open access (common pool) conditions — pure or regulated — and the essential need for fisheries management to confront these destructive incentives. Two broad approaches to fisheries management are considered: incentive blocking and incentive adjusting. The discussion of incentive blocking approaches to management does, inter alia, raise the question of the efficacy of vessel decommissioning schemes. The discussion of incentive adjusting approaches to fisheries management gives particular attention to taxes and to harvesting rights schemes. The chapter then examines the ancillary role of marine protected areas, and goes on to discuss the consequences of massive government subsidies for effective fisheries management. The chapter concludes by considering means of mitigating the effects of irreducible uncertainty in fisheries management.
Bernard Van Praag
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780198286547
- eISBN:
- 9780191718601
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198286546.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This chapter examines the possibility of measuring the effects of specific diseases on health and quality of life. Two methods have made this possible. The first is the satisfaction model developed ...
More
This chapter examines the possibility of measuring the effects of specific diseases on health and quality of life. Two methods have made this possible. The first is the satisfaction model developed in Chapter 4, which allows the assessment of money values equivalent to the losses in well-being caused by illness. The second method is a new quality adjusted life year concept, which provides an intuitively plausible concept that is easy and cheap to collect the basic data for.Less
This chapter examines the possibility of measuring the effects of specific diseases on health and quality of life. Two methods have made this possible. The first is the satisfaction model developed in Chapter 4, which allows the assessment of money values equivalent to the losses in well-being caused by illness. The second method is a new quality adjusted life year concept, which provides an intuitively plausible concept that is easy and cheap to collect the basic data for.
Jan Abel Olsen
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198794837
- eISBN:
- 9780191836329
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0018
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter starts with an inquiry into the nature of different outcome measures that are being used in the medical literature, emphasizing an important distinction between incommensurable versus ...
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This chapter starts with an inquiry into the nature of different outcome measures that are being used in the medical literature, emphasizing an important distinction between incommensurable versus commensurable measures. The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) represents the most widely used commensurable metric. A key issue is how to value health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on a [0–1] scale by the use of health-state utility instruments. In addition to the health outcomes that are accounted for in the QALY measure, productivity gains might occur as a result of previously sick people returning to work. The chapter discusses the methodological and the equity issues involved when determining the extent to which production gains should be included in an economic evaluation. Finally, the theory behind the willingness-to-pay method is briefly explained, and contrasted with some measurement problems when applied as a way to value health benefits.Less
This chapter starts with an inquiry into the nature of different outcome measures that are being used in the medical literature, emphasizing an important distinction between incommensurable versus commensurable measures. The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) represents the most widely used commensurable metric. A key issue is how to value health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on a [0–1] scale by the use of health-state utility instruments. In addition to the health outcomes that are accounted for in the QALY measure, productivity gains might occur as a result of previously sick people returning to work. The chapter discusses the methodological and the equity issues involved when determining the extent to which production gains should be included in an economic evaluation. Finally, the theory behind the willingness-to-pay method is briefly explained, and contrasted with some measurement problems when applied as a way to value health benefits.
Paul S.F. Yip
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099425
- eISBN:
- 9789882207431
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099425.003.0010
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Suicide has become a worldwide public health concern. The situation is more serious in Asia in terms of the disability-adjusted life years (DALY). It is estimated that about 2.5% of loss of DALY is ...
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Suicide has become a worldwide public health concern. The situation is more serious in Asia in terms of the disability-adjusted life years (DALY). It is estimated that about 2.5% of loss of DALY is due to suicide and deliberate self-harm, and it is highest among different regions. Community support and participation in preventing suicides in Asia is not only desirable but essential if there is any chance to succeed. However, some of the programs that have been set up for suicide prevention are not conducted in an organized, integrated, or holistic manner.Less
Suicide has become a worldwide public health concern. The situation is more serious in Asia in terms of the disability-adjusted life years (DALY). It is estimated that about 2.5% of loss of DALY is due to suicide and deliberate self-harm, and it is highest among different regions. Community support and participation in preventing suicides in Asia is not only desirable but essential if there is any chance to succeed. However, some of the programs that have been set up for suicide prevention are not conducted in an organized, integrated, or holistic manner.
