Adil E. Shamoo and David B. Resnik
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368246
- eISBN:
- 9780199867615
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195368246.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Disease Ecology / Epidemiology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
Since the 1980s, well-publicized examples of research misconduct have increased public concerns and stimulated responses from government, universities, and other research institutions. The result has ...
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Since the 1980s, well-publicized examples of research misconduct have increased public concerns and stimulated responses from government, universities, and other research institutions. The result has been the formulation of policies and procedures that are designed to investigate, adjudicate, and prevent misconduct in research. Surveys indicate that the prevalence of misconduct may be larger than many researchers would like to acknowledge. Some aspects of these deliberations are controversial and are still in progress. There is now a functioning system in place designed to deal with misconduct allegations, and efforts to prevent misconduct are increasing. This chapter discusses the definition of scientific misconduct as well as policies and procedures for reporting, investigating, and adjudicating misconduct.Less
Since the 1980s, well-publicized examples of research misconduct have increased public concerns and stimulated responses from government, universities, and other research institutions. The result has been the formulation of policies and procedures that are designed to investigate, adjudicate, and prevent misconduct in research. Surveys indicate that the prevalence of misconduct may be larger than many researchers would like to acknowledge. Some aspects of these deliberations are controversial and are still in progress. There is now a functioning system in place designed to deal with misconduct allegations, and efforts to prevent misconduct are increasing. This chapter discusses the definition of scientific misconduct as well as policies and procedures for reporting, investigating, and adjudicating misconduct.
Srila Roy
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780198081722
- eISBN:
- 9780199082223
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198081722.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This chapter returns to the memory of the underground and the shelter to engage with women’s testimonies of sexual and domestic violence, and the politics of current remembrance, especially within a ...
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This chapter returns to the memory of the underground and the shelter to engage with women’s testimonies of sexual and domestic violence, and the politics of current remembrance, especially within a wider context of naming and silencing such forms of violence. Drawing on women’s oral and written testimonies, the first part details the kinds of threats that women encountered in normatively ‘safe’ spaces at the hands of their ‘own’ comrades. The chapter details the manner in which the Party responded—or not—to rape and other sexual offences. Women’s (and men’s) negotiations of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ violence, explored in the second part of the chapter, are revelatory of their conflicting identifications with forms of heroic identity, idealized masculinity, and class. This chapter brings out the full costs and consequences of composing masculine cultural imageries through a repudiation of the feminine.Less
This chapter returns to the memory of the underground and the shelter to engage with women’s testimonies of sexual and domestic violence, and the politics of current remembrance, especially within a wider context of naming and silencing such forms of violence. Drawing on women’s oral and written testimonies, the first part details the kinds of threats that women encountered in normatively ‘safe’ spaces at the hands of their ‘own’ comrades. The chapter details the manner in which the Party responded—or not—to rape and other sexual offences. Women’s (and men’s) negotiations of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ violence, explored in the second part of the chapter, are revelatory of their conflicting identifications with forms of heroic identity, idealized masculinity, and class. This chapter brings out the full costs and consequences of composing masculine cultural imageries through a repudiation of the feminine.
Mattias Kumm
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199582068
- eISBN:
- 9780191739354
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199582068.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
In A Theory of Constitutional Rights Robert Alexy provides an account of the structure and domain of constitutional rights. The core claim relating to the structure of rights is that constitutional ...
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In A Theory of Constitutional Rights Robert Alexy provides an account of the structure and domain of constitutional rights. The core claim relating to the structure of rights is that constitutional rights are principles and that proportionality analysis is necessarily at the heart of reasoning about what principles require in real contexts. The core claim relating to the proper domain or scope of rights is that there are good grounds for recognizing a general right to liberty and a general right to equality. A conception of rights that shares these two features defines the ‘Rationalist Human Rights Paradigm’ (RHRP). This chapter focuses on the following question: if rights do have the structure and occupy the domain that Alexy suggests, what is the justification for courts setting aside legislation in the name of adjudicating rights? That question is tied to the classical chestnut of an issue that is the legitimacy of judicial review. But it becomes more focused and specific when tied to the particular theory of rights that Alexy defends. The structure of a theory of rights has direct implications for the understanding of the practice of judicial review. What then are the specific problems and best justifications of a practice of judicial review that embraces the RHRP?Less
In A Theory of Constitutional Rights Robert Alexy provides an account of the structure and domain of constitutional rights. The core claim relating to the structure of rights is that constitutional rights are principles and that proportionality analysis is necessarily at the heart of reasoning about what principles require in real contexts. The core claim relating to the proper domain or scope of rights is that there are good grounds for recognizing a general right to liberty and a general right to equality. A conception of rights that shares these two features defines the ‘Rationalist Human Rights Paradigm’ (RHRP). This chapter focuses on the following question: if rights do have the structure and occupy the domain that Alexy suggests, what is the justification for courts setting aside legislation in the name of adjudicating rights? That question is tied to the classical chestnut of an issue that is the legitimacy of judicial review. But it becomes more focused and specific when tied to the particular theory of rights that Alexy defends. The structure of a theory of rights has direct implications for the understanding of the practice of judicial review. What then are the specific problems and best justifications of a practice of judicial review that embraces the RHRP?
Jeffrey L. Broughton and Elise Yoko Watanabe
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199936410
- eISBN:
- 9780199980680
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199936410.003.0003
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This part consists of short episodes in which the participants “calibrate and adjudicate” each other’s level of beholding reality as it truly is. This part could be called “investigating the person ...
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This part consists of short episodes in which the participants “calibrate and adjudicate” each other’s level of beholding reality as it truly is. This part could be called “investigating the person and distinguishing his faults.” A primary fault is falling into dualities, such as “much” or “little.” The crazy trickster Puhua, an associate of Linji, expresses a repudiation of any sort of either/or in colorful episodes. Puhua calibrates and adjudicates Linji: “Linji is a crafty little gofer, but he’s only got the one eye.” This part concludes with Puhua’s climbing into a plain wooden coffin and asking a passerby to nail it up. He thus achieves liberation from samsara. Some episodes are followed by the comments of two masters, Guishan and Yangshan.Less
This part consists of short episodes in which the participants “calibrate and adjudicate” each other’s level of beholding reality as it truly is. This part could be called “investigating the person and distinguishing his faults.” A primary fault is falling into dualities, such as “much” or “little.” The crazy trickster Puhua, an associate of Linji, expresses a repudiation of any sort of either/or in colorful episodes. Puhua calibrates and adjudicates Linji: “Linji is a crafty little gofer, but he’s only got the one eye.” This part concludes with Puhua’s climbing into a plain wooden coffin and asking a passerby to nail it up. He thus achieves liberation from samsara. Some episodes are followed by the comments of two masters, Guishan and Yangshan.
Martin Chakraborty and Verena Dormann
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- March 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198755463
- eISBN:
- 9780191927706
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198755463.003.0522
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
If the Court finds that an action has become devoid of purpose and that there is no longer any need to adjudicate on it, it may at any time, on the application of a party or of its own motion, ...
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If the Court finds that an action has become devoid of purpose and that there is no longer any need to adjudicate on it, it may at any time, on the application of a party or of its own motion, after giving the parties an opportunity to be heard, dispose of the action by way of order.
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If the Court finds that an action has become devoid of purpose and that there is no longer any need to adjudicate on it, it may at any time, on the application of a party or of its own motion, after giving the parties an opportunity to be heard, dispose of the action by way of order.
Frank Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- February 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198801856
- eISBN:
- 9780191840418
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198801856.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
One way to approach the theory of reference for proper names is by asking what proper names are good for in the sense of the valuable purposes they serve. Suppose we approach ethical terms and ...
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One way to approach the theory of reference for proper names is by asking what proper names are good for in the sense of the valuable purposes they serve. Suppose we approach ethical terms and concepts in the same spirit, asking questions like: What purposes do they serve? How could we do something similar but do it better? This chapter explores the implications of this way of thinking about ethical terms and concepts, and explains why a theory–theory or moral functionalist account of them is so attractive when we approach matters from this perspective. The discussion is set inside an avowedly cognitivist, naturalist framework, and touches on the implications of this framework for how to adjudicate debates between rival views in ethics, and the relevance of evolutionary considerations.Less
One way to approach the theory of reference for proper names is by asking what proper names are good for in the sense of the valuable purposes they serve. Suppose we approach ethical terms and concepts in the same spirit, asking questions like: What purposes do they serve? How could we do something similar but do it better? This chapter explores the implications of this way of thinking about ethical terms and concepts, and explains why a theory–theory or moral functionalist account of them is so attractive when we approach matters from this perspective. The discussion is set inside an avowedly cognitivist, naturalist framework, and touches on the implications of this framework for how to adjudicate debates between rival views in ethics, and the relevance of evolutionary considerations.
Xiaoqun Xu
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- August 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190060046
- eISBN:
- 9780190060077
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190060046.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Asian History, Political History
Chapter 5 examines the continuation of the legal-judicial reform and its achievements and limitations under the Beijing government (1912–1927) and the Guomindang (GMD, or Nationalist Party) ...
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Chapter 5 examines the continuation of the legal-judicial reform and its achievements and limitations under the Beijing government (1912–1927) and the Guomindang (GMD, or Nationalist Party) government (1927–1949). The Beijing government tried to implement an ambitious reform plan but failed to materialize it completely due to a lack of resources, among other problems. The GMD continued the reform but also instituted practices particular to its ideology of ruling the country through the party, including the invention of political offenses and their punishments through special laws and special courts. The durability of positive reform outcomes in those years is shown in the way the Chinese judiciary functioned in the Japanese-occupied territories during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).Less
Chapter 5 examines the continuation of the legal-judicial reform and its achievements and limitations under the Beijing government (1912–1927) and the Guomindang (GMD, or Nationalist Party) government (1927–1949). The Beijing government tried to implement an ambitious reform plan but failed to materialize it completely due to a lack of resources, among other problems. The GMD continued the reform but also instituted practices particular to its ideology of ruling the country through the party, including the invention of political offenses and their punishments through special laws and special courts. The durability of positive reform outcomes in those years is shown in the way the Chinese judiciary functioned in the Japanese-occupied territories during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).
Chad West
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- July 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190462574
- eISBN:
- 9780190462611
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190462574.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, American
Previous research has shown what school jazz educators spend their time teaching, but not how they teach those things or why. Certain instructional strategies are correlated with high student ...
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Previous research has shown what school jazz educators spend their time teaching, but not how they teach those things or why. Certain instructional strategies are correlated with high student achievement in jazz, but it is not known whether school jazz teachers are utilizing them or what those strategies look like when they do. Teaching School Jazz: Perspectives, Principles, and Strategies introduces the reader to two expert, yet very different, school jazz educators, whose case studies are inserted in chapters throughout the book. Bruce considers himself an experienced music teacher who happens to also teach jazz, rather than a professional jazz musician. Emily, on the other hand, considers herself both an experienced music teacher and a professional jazz musician. This chapter describes differing thoughts about and approaches to teaching school jazz to help paint a picture of what school jazz looks like.Less
Previous research has shown what school jazz educators spend their time teaching, but not how they teach those things or why. Certain instructional strategies are correlated with high student achievement in jazz, but it is not known whether school jazz teachers are utilizing them or what those strategies look like when they do. Teaching School Jazz: Perspectives, Principles, and Strategies introduces the reader to two expert, yet very different, school jazz educators, whose case studies are inserted in chapters throughout the book. Bruce considers himself an experienced music teacher who happens to also teach jazz, rather than a professional jazz musician. Emily, on the other hand, considers herself both an experienced music teacher and a professional jazz musician. This chapter describes differing thoughts about and approaches to teaching school jazz to help paint a picture of what school jazz looks like.
