Peter M. Gollwitzer, Caterina Gawrilow, and Gabriele Oettingen
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195391381
- eISBN:
- 9780199776894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195391381.003.0015
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology
As highlighted by Kurt Lewin, goal attainment is not yet secured solely by forming strong commitments to highly desirable and feasible goals. There is always the subsequent issue of implementing a ...
More
As highlighted by Kurt Lewin, goal attainment is not yet secured solely by forming strong commitments to highly desirable and feasible goals. There is always the subsequent issue of implementing a set goal, and one wonders what people can do to enhance their chances of being successful at this second phase of goal pursuit. A promising answer seems to be the following: People may plan out in advance how they want to solve the problems of goal implementation. But what are these problems? There are at least four problems that stand out. These problems include getting started with goal striving, staying on track, calling a halt, and not overextending oneself. We will describe research showing that making if–then plans (i.e., form implementation intentions) on how to deal with these problems indeed facilitates solving the crucial problems of goal implementation. Thereafter, we will ask whether implementation intentions foster goal attainment even under conditions that are commonly viewed as not amenable to self-regulation attempts, such as succeeding on an intelligence test or overcoming spider phobia. Finally, we will report research showing that implementation intentions can even foster goal-striving in those samples (e.g., children with ADHD) that are known to suffer from impaired action control.Less
As highlighted by Kurt Lewin, goal attainment is not yet secured solely by forming strong commitments to highly desirable and feasible goals. There is always the subsequent issue of implementing a set goal, and one wonders what people can do to enhance their chances of being successful at this second phase of goal pursuit. A promising answer seems to be the following: People may plan out in advance how they want to solve the problems of goal implementation. But what are these problems? There are at least four problems that stand out. These problems include getting started with goal striving, staying on track, calling a halt, and not overextending oneself. We will describe research showing that making if–then plans (i.e., form implementation intentions) on how to deal with these problems indeed facilitates solving the crucial problems of goal implementation. Thereafter, we will ask whether implementation intentions foster goal attainment even under conditions that are commonly viewed as not amenable to self-regulation attempts, such as succeeding on an intelligence test or overcoming spider phobia. Finally, we will report research showing that implementation intentions can even foster goal-striving in those samples (e.g., children with ADHD) that are known to suffer from impaired action control.
Mark Selikowitz
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780198867371
- eISBN:
- 9780191904127
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198867371.003.0011
- Subject:
- Clinical Medicine and Allied Health, Clinical Medicine
The first step in the treatment of ADHD is making the correct diagnosis. Only when it is known that a child has ADHD and that all other possible causes of child’s problems have been excluded, can a ...
More
The first step in the treatment of ADHD is making the correct diagnosis. Only when it is known that a child has ADHD and that all other possible causes of child’s problems have been excluded, can a proper treatment programme be devised. The best person to make the diagnosis is a specialist paediatrician with an interest and expertise in developmental and learning difficulties in children. Educational psychologists also play a vital role in the process by which ADHD is diagnosed. This chapter outlines diagnosis and assessment of ADHD, including the history, examination, psychometric testing (intelligence, academic achievement, other abilities), special investigations, and formulation of a management plan.Less
The first step in the treatment of ADHD is making the correct diagnosis. Only when it is known that a child has ADHD and that all other possible causes of child’s problems have been excluded, can a proper treatment programme be devised. The best person to make the diagnosis is a specialist paediatrician with an interest and expertise in developmental and learning difficulties in children. Educational psychologists also play a vital role in the process by which ADHD is diagnosed. This chapter outlines diagnosis and assessment of ADHD, including the history, examination, psychometric testing (intelligence, academic achievement, other abilities), special investigations, and formulation of a management plan.
Kenneth R. Johnston
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199657803
- eISBN:
- 9780191771576
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199657803.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism
William Frend (1757–1841) was a Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, notable for intellectual brilliance and Christian good works. An early participant in the Sunday School movement, he prepared ...
More
William Frend (1757–1841) was a Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, notable for intellectual brilliance and Christian good works. An early participant in the Sunday School movement, he prepared reading texts for illiterate children in parishes he served. Like some other Cambridge faculty, Frend opposed the limits placed on Dissenting students by the 17th-century Test and Corporation Acts. He wrote a series of pamphlets challenging the doctrine of the Holy Trinity in the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Anglican creed. For these he successively lost his college privileges and university employment, eventually becoming a Unitarian. His Peace and Union Recommended to the Associated Bodies of Republicans and Anti-Republicans (1793), ostensibly an attempt to calm the rising tensions of political controversy, is rather a subtly provocative criticism of Pitt’s declaration of war on France. Exiled from the university, Frend pursued a lower-profile career as an insurance actuary.Less
William Frend (1757–1841) was a Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, notable for intellectual brilliance and Christian good works. An early participant in the Sunday School movement, he prepared reading texts for illiterate children in parishes he served. Like some other Cambridge faculty, Frend opposed the limits placed on Dissenting students by the 17th-century Test and Corporation Acts. He wrote a series of pamphlets challenging the doctrine of the Holy Trinity in the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Anglican creed. For these he successively lost his college privileges and university employment, eventually becoming a Unitarian. His Peace and Union Recommended to the Associated Bodies of Republicans and Anti-Republicans (1793), ostensibly an attempt to calm the rising tensions of political controversy, is rather a subtly provocative criticism of Pitt’s declaration of war on France. Exiled from the university, Frend pursued a lower-profile career as an insurance actuary.
