Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa, David L. Parker, and Thomas J. Scanlon (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199558582
- eISBN:
- 9780191594397
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199558582.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Child labour constitutes a major public health concern, with estimates that worldwide 110 million children aged 57–14 years are engaged in labour that can be described as hazardous or intolerable. ...
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Child labour constitutes a major public health concern, with estimates that worldwide 110 million children aged 57–14 years are engaged in labour that can be described as hazardous or intolerable. This book examines both the rights oriented and public health perspectives on child labour. A rights approach ensures that exploitative and abusive work is considered not just in terms of a labour market or health rights approach, but also in terms of human dignity and the solutions that preserve the rights of children and communities. The public health approach is steeped in the relationship between individuals and their community, seeking to identify how the presence (or absence) of government programmes and policies affects those involved. The economics perspective is also presented early in the book, to aid understanding of the causes and consequences of child labour, before the alternate public health and sociological views are presented. The book examines factors such as poverty, malnutrition, social disadvantage, gender, globalisation, and education, and look at both physical and psychological threats.Less
Child labour constitutes a major public health concern, with estimates that worldwide 110 million children aged 57–14 years are engaged in labour that can be described as hazardous or intolerable. This book examines both the rights oriented and public health perspectives on child labour. A rights approach ensures that exploitative and abusive work is considered not just in terms of a labour market or health rights approach, but also in terms of human dignity and the solutions that preserve the rights of children and communities. The public health approach is steeped in the relationship between individuals and their community, seeking to identify how the presence (or absence) of government programmes and policies affects those involved. The economics perspective is also presented early in the book, to aid understanding of the causes and consequences of child labour, before the alternate public health and sociological views are presented. The book examines factors such as poverty, malnutrition, social disadvantage, gender, globalisation, and education, and look at both physical and psychological threats.
Jack M. Balkin
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300098006
- eISBN:
- 9780300135305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300098006.003.0027
- Subject:
- Law, Employment Law
This chapter describes how some commentators argue that the First Amendment conflicts with sexual harassment law. These objections generally focus on employer liability for hostile environments. ...
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This chapter describes how some commentators argue that the First Amendment conflicts with sexual harassment law. These objections generally focus on employer liability for hostile environments. Hostile environments stem from individual acts of discriminatory speech and other conduct by all the persons who inhabit a workplace, including managers, employees, and even, occasionally, clients and customers. A hostile environment exists when “the workplace is permeated with ‘discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult’ that is ‘sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment.’” Some of this behavior may be directed at particular employees; other elements may be directed at no one in particular but may contribute to fostering an abusive environment.Less
This chapter describes how some commentators argue that the First Amendment conflicts with sexual harassment law. These objections generally focus on employer liability for hostile environments. Hostile environments stem from individual acts of discriminatory speech and other conduct by all the persons who inhabit a workplace, including managers, employees, and even, occasionally, clients and customers. A hostile environment exists when “the workplace is permeated with ‘discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult’ that is ‘sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment.’” Some of this behavior may be directed at particular employees; other elements may be directed at no one in particular but may contribute to fostering an abusive environment.
Kingsley R. Browne
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300098006
- eISBN:
- 9780300135305
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300098006.003.0025
- Subject:
- Law, Employment Law
This chapter argues that the definition of hostile-environment harassment under which employers must operate is both broad and vague, and includes “verbal or physical conduct” that is “sufficiently ...
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This chapter argues that the definition of hostile-environment harassment under which employers must operate is both broad and vague, and includes “verbal or physical conduct” that is “sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of [the victim's] employment and create an abusive working environment.” Under this standard, courts have held that there is no requirement of intent on the part of the alleged harasser or that statements be specifically directed at the plaintiff. Some courts, in fact, have allowed plaintiffs to rely on speech that they heard about only indirectly. Although defenders of the current system typically justify regulation by invoking the most extreme cases of obscene and abusive speech by employees, harassment regulation reaches far beyond the egregious cases.Less
This chapter argues that the definition of hostile-environment harassment under which employers must operate is both broad and vague, and includes “verbal or physical conduct” that is “sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of [the victim's] employment and create an abusive working environment.” Under this standard, courts have held that there is no requirement of intent on the part of the alleged harasser or that statements be specifically directed at the plaintiff. Some courts, in fact, have allowed plaintiffs to rely on speech that they heard about only indirectly. Although defenders of the current system typically justify regulation by invoking the most extreme cases of obscene and abusive speech by employees, harassment regulation reaches far beyond the egregious cases.
