Paul Helm
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199255696
- eISBN:
- 9780191602429
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199255695.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
Develops the theme of divine power raised in the previous chapter. Is God for Calvin a tyrant, a God of pure will? In the light of a consideration of the mediaeval 'power dialectic between God's ...
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Develops the theme of divine power raised in the previous chapter. Is God for Calvin a tyrant, a God of pure will? In the light of a consideration of the mediaeval 'power dialectic between God's 'absolute' and ordained' power, it is shown how Calvin upholds the essence of this distinction but deplores separating God's power from his righteousness. There is a discussion of the relation between the will of God and the atonement of Christ, and of the extent to which it is reasonable to think that Calvin was a 'Scotist'.Less
Develops the theme of divine power raised in the previous chapter. Is God for Calvin a tyrant, a God of pure will? In the light of a consideration of the mediaeval 'power dialectic between God's 'absolute' and ordained' power, it is shown how Calvin upholds the essence of this distinction but deplores separating God's power from his righteousness. There is a discussion of the relation between the will of God and the atonement of Christ, and of the extent to which it is reasonable to think that Calvin was a 'Scotist'.
Richard A. Schoenherr
David Yamane (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780195082593
- eISBN:
- 9780199834952
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195082591.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The chapter begins by trying to show that sacramentalism and sacerdotalism (the necessity for an ordained priesthood) are the primary and essential elements of the Catholic ministry because they ...
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The chapter begins by trying to show that sacramentalism and sacerdotalism (the necessity for an ordained priesthood) are the primary and essential elements of the Catholic ministry because they represent structural forms whereby Roman Catholicism adapts to the transrational, spiritual elements of human development. It then explains that the explicit recognition of a transcendent domain and development of structures that take it into account are what makes religious organizations different. They are also different in an additional way in that organized religion relies on two kinds of power: relative power (as in other types of organization), of which the social form is hierarchy, and corresponds to sacerdotalism; and absolute power, of which the social form is hierophany, and corresponds to sacramentalism. In the Roman Catholic tradition, the routinization of hierophany and its integration with hierarchy result in sacramental sacerdotalism. The chapter concludes with a descriptive analysis of the routinized hierarchical form of priesthood that characterizes contemporary Catholicism.Less
The chapter begins by trying to show that sacramentalism and sacerdotalism (the necessity for an ordained priesthood) are the primary and essential elements of the Catholic ministry because they represent structural forms whereby Roman Catholicism adapts to the transrational, spiritual elements of human development. It then explains that the explicit recognition of a transcendent domain and development of structures that take it into account are what makes religious organizations different. They are also different in an additional way in that organized religion relies on two kinds of power: relative power (as in other types of organization), of which the social form is hierarchy, and corresponds to sacerdotalism; and absolute power, of which the social form is hierophany, and corresponds to sacramentalism. In the Roman Catholic tradition, the routinization of hierophany and its integration with hierarchy result in sacramental sacerdotalism. The chapter concludes with a descriptive analysis of the routinized hierarchical form of priesthood that characterizes contemporary Catholicism.
Jane Black
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199565290
- eISBN:
- 9780191721861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565290.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
How the rulers of Milan contrived to disregard laws and rights while still maintaining a reputation for justice is addressed here. The Visconti reputation for justice is explored. The practical usage ...
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How the rulers of Milan contrived to disregard laws and rights while still maintaining a reputation for justice is addressed here. The Visconti reputation for justice is explored. The practical usage of absolute power is described: it was employed to undermine individual rights in defending the regime from opposition; it was invoked to issue pardons, to overrule court judgments, to make good legal defects in a decree or concession, and to repeal existing laws. Skilfully composed preambles could make the overruling of laws and rights appear as a higher form of justice. The fifteenth century saw the use of the phrase plenitude of absolute power, which also acquired its own conventions. The requirement to articulate a just cause provided an opportunity for the government to parade its championship of justice, even as basic rights were being infringed.Less
How the rulers of Milan contrived to disregard laws and rights while still maintaining a reputation for justice is addressed here. The Visconti reputation for justice is explored. The practical usage of absolute power is described: it was employed to undermine individual rights in defending the regime from opposition; it was invoked to issue pardons, to overrule court judgments, to make good legal defects in a decree or concession, and to repeal existing laws. Skilfully composed preambles could make the overruling of laws and rights appear as a higher form of justice. The fifteenth century saw the use of the phrase plenitude of absolute power, which also acquired its own conventions. The requirement to articulate a just cause provided an opportunity for the government to parade its championship of justice, even as basic rights were being infringed.
Jane Black
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199565290
- eISBN:
- 9780191721861
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565290.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This volume charts the rise and decline of absolutism in Milan from the early fourteenth to the early sixteenth century. The study shows how authority above the law, once the preserve of pope and ...
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This volume charts the rise and decline of absolutism in Milan from the early fourteenth to the early sixteenth century. The study shows how authority above the law, once the preserve of pope and emperor, was claimed by the ruling Milanese dynasties, the Visconti and the Sforza, and why this privilege was finally abandoned by Francesco II Sforza (d. 1535), the last duke. As new rulers, the Visconti and the Sforza had had to impose their regime by rewarding supporters at the expense of opponents. That process required absolute power (also known as plenitude of power), meaning the capacity to laws and the rights of subjects, including titles to property. The basis for such power reflected the changing status of Milanese rulers, first as signori and then as dukes. Contemporary lawyers were at first prepared to overturn established doctrines in support of the free use of absolute power: even Baldo degli Ubaldi accepted the latest teaching. But eventually lawyers regretted the new approach, reasserting the traditional principle that laws could not be set aside without compelling justification. The Visconti and the Sforza also saw the dangers of absolute power: as legitimate princes they were meant to champion law and justice, not condone arbitrary acts that disregarded basic rights. Black traces the application of plenitude of power in day‐to‐day government, and demonstrates how the rulers of Milan kept pace with the initial acceptance and subsequent rejection by lawyers of the concept of absolute power.Less
This volume charts the rise and decline of absolutism in Milan from the early fourteenth to the early sixteenth century. The study shows how authority above the law, once the preserve of pope and emperor, was claimed by the ruling Milanese dynasties, the Visconti and the Sforza, and why this privilege was finally abandoned by Francesco II Sforza (d. 1535), the last duke. As new rulers, the Visconti and the Sforza had had to impose their regime by rewarding supporters at the expense of opponents. That process required absolute power (also known as plenitude of power), meaning the capacity to laws and the rights of subjects, including titles to property. The basis for such power reflected the changing status of Milanese rulers, first as signori and then as dukes. Contemporary lawyers were at first prepared to overturn established doctrines in support of the free use of absolute power: even Baldo degli Ubaldi accepted the latest teaching. But eventually lawyers regretted the new approach, reasserting the traditional principle that laws could not be set aside without compelling justification. The Visconti and the Sforza also saw the dangers of absolute power: as legitimate princes they were meant to champion law and justice, not condone arbitrary acts that disregarded basic rights. Black traces the application of plenitude of power in day‐to‐day government, and demonstrates how the rulers of Milan kept pace with the initial acceptance and subsequent rejection by lawyers of the concept of absolute power.
Jane Black
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199565290
- eISBN:
- 9780191721861
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565290.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The Introduction explains the concept of absolute power or plenitude of power, as understood in the Middle Ages, when it meant a ruler's capacity to overrule laws and rights. The author describes how ...
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The Introduction explains the concept of absolute power or plenitude of power, as understood in the Middle Ages, when it meant a ruler's capacity to overrule laws and rights. The author describes how the prerogative was adopted by the Visconti and Sforza rulers of Milan. A brief historiographical survey follows, showing how the relationship between the powers of rulers and the rights of subjects has been explored in the work of Ugo Nicolini, Ennio Cortese, Dieter Wyduckel, Jesus Vallejo, and Kenneth Pennington. The sources used in the book are outlined, including legal commentaries and consilia. The author touches on the character and importance of consilia, explaining that they were considered by contemporary lawyers to be even more authoritative than academic commentaries. The other main sources are acts and decrees passed by the rulers of Milan. The Introduction concludes with an outline of the main chapters.Less
The Introduction explains the concept of absolute power or plenitude of power, as understood in the Middle Ages, when it meant a ruler's capacity to overrule laws and rights. The author describes how the prerogative was adopted by the Visconti and Sforza rulers of Milan. A brief historiographical survey follows, showing how the relationship between the powers of rulers and the rights of subjects has been explored in the work of Ugo Nicolini, Ennio Cortese, Dieter Wyduckel, Jesus Vallejo, and Kenneth Pennington. The sources used in the book are outlined, including legal commentaries and consilia. The author touches on the character and importance of consilia, explaining that they were considered by contemporary lawyers to be even more authoritative than academic commentaries. The other main sources are acts and decrees passed by the rulers of Milan. The Introduction concludes with an outline of the main chapters.
Lawrence Moonan
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198267553
- eISBN:
- 9780191683282
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198267553.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
What can or can't God do? What flexibility is there in the precise manner by which he executes his decrees? This book is a radically new interpretation of one of the key concepts of medieval ...
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What can or can't God do? What flexibility is there in the precise manner by which he executes his decrees? This book is a radically new interpretation of one of the key concepts of medieval religious philosophy: the concept of the power of God. It provides a thought-provoking and illuminating analysis of the arguments advanced by the medieval schoolmen to tackle this problem, concentrating in particular on the distinction they made between ‘absolute’ and ‘ordained’ divine power. In doing so, it brings to light some challenging and important new insights on the work of some of the most important thinkers of the Middle Ages — particularly Albert, Bonaventure, and Aquinas. The book also discusses the secular predecessors who influenced these theologians, hitherto largely overlooked by modern scholars, and as well as tracing the development of their ideas, it advances the case for their relevance and central position in modern religious philosophy today.Less
What can or can't God do? What flexibility is there in the precise manner by which he executes his decrees? This book is a radically new interpretation of one of the key concepts of medieval religious philosophy: the concept of the power of God. It provides a thought-provoking and illuminating analysis of the arguments advanced by the medieval schoolmen to tackle this problem, concentrating in particular on the distinction they made between ‘absolute’ and ‘ordained’ divine power. In doing so, it brings to light some challenging and important new insights on the work of some of the most important thinkers of the Middle Ages — particularly Albert, Bonaventure, and Aquinas. The book also discusses the secular predecessors who influenced these theologians, hitherto largely overlooked by modern scholars, and as well as tracing the development of their ideas, it advances the case for their relevance and central position in modern religious philosophy today.
Antony Black
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199281695
- eISBN:
- 9780191713101
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199281695.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Authority lay with the individual king (pharaoh), who was closely identified with god as the agent through whom nature and the people prosper. He was their shepherd; without a pharaoh there would be ...
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Authority lay with the individual king (pharaoh), who was closely identified with god as the agent through whom nature and the people prosper. He was their shepherd; without a pharaoh there would be chaos and starvation. His powers were absolute, all-embracing, and universal. His task was to maintain justice, the right order of things. The world's oldest ethical and political treatises (c.2000 bce) taught beneficence to the poor and fairness in adjudication, and offered rewards in an afterlife. They were addressed to all social ranks. Over time, religion and political thought focused more on individuals. From early on, there was awareness of the importance of ‘spin’.Less
Authority lay with the individual king (pharaoh), who was closely identified with god as the agent through whom nature and the people prosper. He was their shepherd; without a pharaoh there would be chaos and starvation. His powers were absolute, all-embracing, and universal. His task was to maintain justice, the right order of things. The world's oldest ethical and political treatises (c.2000 bce) taught beneficence to the poor and fairness in adjudication, and offered rewards in an afterlife. They were addressed to all social ranks. Over time, religion and political thought focused more on individuals. From early on, there was awareness of the importance of ‘spin’.
Paul Slack
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198206613
- eISBN:
- 9780191677243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206613.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History, Social History
By 1609, absolute power was more extended, and put to a variety of uses for the public welfare. The Council could write to sheriffs and justices pointing out the extent of their power, not only in ...
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By 1609, absolute power was more extended, and put to a variety of uses for the public welfare. The Council could write to sheriffs and justices pointing out the extent of their power, not only in enforcing ordinary laws but in executing directions derived from the prerogative power of his Majesty while importing the common weal of the kingdom. This chapter examines how far England travelled down the road of purposeful, centrally directed social engineering, a road on which the monarchy seemed to be embarking from the 1580s, and one which was followed by other countries then and later, whether one calls their goal an absolute, a police, or a cameralist state. In order to shed some light on this question, it looks at the development of the social policies promoted by absolute power, at their local implementation, and at the consequences which followed from the limitations of both.Less
By 1609, absolute power was more extended, and put to a variety of uses for the public welfare. The Council could write to sheriffs and justices pointing out the extent of their power, not only in enforcing ordinary laws but in executing directions derived from the prerogative power of his Majesty while importing the common weal of the kingdom. This chapter examines how far England travelled down the road of purposeful, centrally directed social engineering, a road on which the monarchy seemed to be embarking from the 1580s, and one which was followed by other countries then and later, whether one calls their goal an absolute, a police, or a cameralist state. In order to shed some light on this question, it looks at the development of the social policies promoted by absolute power, at their local implementation, and at the consequences which followed from the limitations of both.
JULIE DEBELJAK
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199264063
- eISBN:
- 9780191718304
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199264063.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter explores the concepts and practices of democracy that accommodate rights protection and promotion. It discusses that the impact on the power relations between the institutions of ...
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This chapter explores the concepts and practices of democracy that accommodate rights protection and promotion. It discusses that the impact on the power relations between the institutions of government when human rights protection is formally introduced into democratic systems causes tension. It explains that because of the corrupting nature of absolute power, the separation of powers doctrine dictates the dispersal of power between the different arms of government. It adds that the separation of powers is tempered by the need for checks and balances, which requires mixed government. It explains that an exploration of the actual sharing of power under modern human rights instruments is instructive in allaying this anti-democratic critique. It employs international human rights instruments, as well as the British Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to ground the theoretical discussion.Less
This chapter explores the concepts and practices of democracy that accommodate rights protection and promotion. It discusses that the impact on the power relations between the institutions of government when human rights protection is formally introduced into democratic systems causes tension. It explains that because of the corrupting nature of absolute power, the separation of powers doctrine dictates the dispersal of power between the different arms of government. It adds that the separation of powers is tempered by the need for checks and balances, which requires mixed government. It explains that an exploration of the actual sharing of power under modern human rights instruments is instructive in allaying this anti-democratic critique. It employs international human rights instruments, as well as the British Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to ground the theoretical discussion.
Edward Weisband
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190677886
- eISBN:
- 9780190677916
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190677886.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Comparative Politics
This chapter argues that the psychodynamics of desire contribute to the transformation of “ordinary” individuals into those who directly and indirectly support or engage in genocide, mass atrocity, ...
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This chapter argues that the psychodynamics of desire contribute to the transformation of “ordinary” individuals into those who directly and indirectly support or engage in genocide, mass atrocity, and their performative dramaturgies. The chapter describes the practices of the macabresque in terms of noir ecstasy and the psychodynamics of obscene surplus enjoyment in the transgressive theaters of human violation. Comparative depictions of the macabresque in the Guatemalan, Chilean, Sri Lankan, Congolese, Darfurian, and other cases are framed by Lacanian psychosocial theory and concepts focused on ideology, fantasy, and personality that analytically transitions from festivality and the carnivalesque to the macabresque. Human violation and the desire for absolute power drive perpetrator behavior in ways that normalize their anti-normative or anomic hatred and enemy-making relative to victims’ fixed, fixated, and frozen identitarian categories that become naturalized, and often racialized. Victims suffer racialization by means of forced displacement. This produces spatialized “islands” of demonization.Less
This chapter argues that the psychodynamics of desire contribute to the transformation of “ordinary” individuals into those who directly and indirectly support or engage in genocide, mass atrocity, and their performative dramaturgies. The chapter describes the practices of the macabresque in terms of noir ecstasy and the psychodynamics of obscene surplus enjoyment in the transgressive theaters of human violation. Comparative depictions of the macabresque in the Guatemalan, Chilean, Sri Lankan, Congolese, Darfurian, and other cases are framed by Lacanian psychosocial theory and concepts focused on ideology, fantasy, and personality that analytically transitions from festivality and the carnivalesque to the macabresque. Human violation and the desire for absolute power drive perpetrator behavior in ways that normalize their anti-normative or anomic hatred and enemy-making relative to victims’ fixed, fixated, and frozen identitarian categories that become naturalized, and often racialized. Victims suffer racialization by means of forced displacement. This produces spatialized “islands” of demonization.
Drucilla Cornell
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823230129
- eISBN:
- 9780823235124
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823230129.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This chapter considers a series of films in which Eastwood deals more directly with the complex issues at the heart of moral repair: A Perfect World (1993), Absolute Power ...
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This chapter considers a series of films in which Eastwood deals more directly with the complex issues at the heart of moral repair: A Perfect World (1993), Absolute Power (1997), and Million Dollar Baby (2004). Certainly in Absolute Power and Million Dollar Baby the theme of failed fatherhood is grappled with explicitly. Yet what makes these movies so interesting is that the failure here is not portrayed in any simple way as a man's inadequacy before traditional Oedipal complementarity. The Eastwood model is the opposite from the stereotypic good father who knows best; he is a father who is desperate to restore some sort of relationship with his female children by admitting to his failure and apologizing for it. In a sense, these fathers are admitting symbolic castration as part of what it means to be ethical men and, yes, fathers who might even be able to find ways to reconnect with their daughters.Less
This chapter considers a series of films in which Eastwood deals more directly with the complex issues at the heart of moral repair: A Perfect World (1993), Absolute Power (1997), and Million Dollar Baby (2004). Certainly in Absolute Power and Million Dollar Baby the theme of failed fatherhood is grappled with explicitly. Yet what makes these movies so interesting is that the failure here is not portrayed in any simple way as a man's inadequacy before traditional Oedipal complementarity. The Eastwood model is the opposite from the stereotypic good father who knows best; he is a father who is desperate to restore some sort of relationship with his female children by admitting to his failure and apologizing for it. In a sense, these fathers are admitting symbolic castration as part of what it means to be ethical men and, yes, fathers who might even be able to find ways to reconnect with their daughters.
Dieter Grimm
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231164252
- eISBN:
- 9780231539302
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231164252.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter deliberates Jean Bodin's significance to the concept of sovereignty. Before Bodin formulated his doctrine of sovereignty, “sovereignty” was described not as an abstract but a concrete ...
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This chapter deliberates Jean Bodin's significance to the concept of sovereignty. Before Bodin formulated his doctrine of sovereignty, “sovereignty” was described not as an abstract but a concrete position of power. When absolute power (puissance absolue) is mentioned in connection with sovereignty, it refers to the sole responsibility and final decision-making power, and not the freedom to use such power at will. Each power, instead, had a legal framework and a legal objective. In the sixteenth century, the wars of religion in France prompted Bodin to redefine sovereignty. He aimed for a solution to the conflict that was independent of religious truth—that is, a purely political solution. In his view, a superior power was necessary to achieve the goal of restoring internal peace—one that could rise above warring factions and force them into a secular order that would allow the opposing faiths to exist side by side—by turning faith into a private matter.Less
This chapter deliberates Jean Bodin's significance to the concept of sovereignty. Before Bodin formulated his doctrine of sovereignty, “sovereignty” was described not as an abstract but a concrete position of power. When absolute power (puissance absolue) is mentioned in connection with sovereignty, it refers to the sole responsibility and final decision-making power, and not the freedom to use such power at will. Each power, instead, had a legal framework and a legal objective. In the sixteenth century, the wars of religion in France prompted Bodin to redefine sovereignty. He aimed for a solution to the conflict that was independent of religious truth—that is, a purely political solution. In his view, a superior power was necessary to achieve the goal of restoring internal peace—one that could rise above warring factions and force them into a secular order that would allow the opposing faiths to exist side by side—by turning faith into a private matter.
Ellen Willis
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816680795
- eISBN:
- 9781452949000
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816680795.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter examines whether the current feminist preoccupation with pornography is really an attempt to extend the movement’s critique of sexism—or whether, on the contrary, it is evidence that ...
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This chapter examines whether the current feminist preoccupation with pornography is really an attempt to extend the movement’s critique of sexism—or whether, on the contrary, it is evidence that feminists have been affected by the conservative climate and are unconsciously moving with the cultural tide. To this end, it looks at two very different new books: Pornography and Silence, by Susan Griffin, and Pornography, by Andrea Dworkin. Griffin argues that pornography is rooted in the fear of nature, in the futile desire to deny our vulnerable, mortal bodies. Dworkin suggests that the battle of the sexes is a Manichaean clash between absolute power and absolute powerlessness, absolute villains and absolute victims. She scoffs at the distinction women are “commanded” to make between pornographic fantasy and real life. The chapter sees Pornography and Silence as a serious effort to apply feminist insights to sexual psychology. It also considers Dworkin’s claim that “male culture thrives on argument and prides itself on distinctions”.Less
This chapter examines whether the current feminist preoccupation with pornography is really an attempt to extend the movement’s critique of sexism—or whether, on the contrary, it is evidence that feminists have been affected by the conservative climate and are unconsciously moving with the cultural tide. To this end, it looks at two very different new books: Pornography and Silence, by Susan Griffin, and Pornography, by Andrea Dworkin. Griffin argues that pornography is rooted in the fear of nature, in the futile desire to deny our vulnerable, mortal bodies. Dworkin suggests that the battle of the sexes is a Manichaean clash between absolute power and absolute powerlessness, absolute villains and absolute victims. She scoffs at the distinction women are “commanded” to make between pornographic fantasy and real life. The chapter sees Pornography and Silence as a serious effort to apply feminist insights to sexual psychology. It also considers Dworkin’s claim that “male culture thrives on argument and prides itself on distinctions”.
John T. Slotemaker and Jeffrey C. Witt
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199391240
- eISBN:
- 9780199391271
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199391240.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter serves as an introduction to Holcot’s approach to academic theology, aiming to show the reader Holcot’s understanding of salvation history and the different ways God’s power manifests ...
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This chapter serves as an introduction to Holcot’s approach to academic theology, aiming to show the reader Holcot’s understanding of salvation history and the different ways God’s power manifests itself within that history. Here the notion of “obligational theology” is introduced as a way of illuminating key characteristics of Holcot’s worldview. Holcot’s fundamental theological convictions are then explained in terms of a covenant between God and his creatures. This leads to a discussion of Holcot’s position on the famous scholastic debate over the nature of divine power; namely, how Holcot does and does not use the distinction between God’s absolute (potentia absoluta) and ordained power (potentia ordinata) in his own theological discourse.Less
This chapter serves as an introduction to Holcot’s approach to academic theology, aiming to show the reader Holcot’s understanding of salvation history and the different ways God’s power manifests itself within that history. Here the notion of “obligational theology” is introduced as a way of illuminating key characteristics of Holcot’s worldview. Holcot’s fundamental theological convictions are then explained in terms of a covenant between God and his creatures. This leads to a discussion of Holcot’s position on the famous scholastic debate over the nature of divine power; namely, how Holcot does and does not use the distinction between God’s absolute (potentia absoluta) and ordained power (potentia ordinata) in his own theological discourse.
Phillip Papas
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814767658
- eISBN:
- 9781479851218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814767658.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter focuses on Charles Lee's views about monarchy and absolute power by focusing on his trip to Eastern Europe. In early December 1764, Lee made plans for his trip to Poland, where he hoped ...
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This chapter focuses on Charles Lee's views about monarchy and absolute power by focusing on his trip to Eastern Europe. In early December 1764, Lee made plans for his trip to Poland, where he hoped to find military employment and repair his damaged reputation. He obtained several recommendations from prominent British citizens and secured passage on a packet ship bound for the Netherlands. After a few days in Brunswick, Lee traveled to Berlin, the capital of Prussia, where he gained an audience with Frederick II. He arrived in Warsaw in March 1765 determined to obtain an important position in the military from King Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski of Poland. This chapter examines Lee's political radicalism and George III's rejection of his request for a promotion in the British army.Less
This chapter focuses on Charles Lee's views about monarchy and absolute power by focusing on his trip to Eastern Europe. In early December 1764, Lee made plans for his trip to Poland, where he hoped to find military employment and repair his damaged reputation. He obtained several recommendations from prominent British citizens and secured passage on a packet ship bound for the Netherlands. After a few days in Brunswick, Lee traveled to Berlin, the capital of Prussia, where he gained an audience with Frederick II. He arrived in Warsaw in March 1765 determined to obtain an important position in the military from King Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski of Poland. This chapter examines Lee's political radicalism and George III's rejection of his request for a promotion in the British army.
Norbert Otto Eke
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199654642
- eISBN:
- 9780191760143
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654642.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism, European Literature
Herta Müller's novels force the reader to experience up close life in totalitarian systems. They chart the ‘world of anxiety’ of Nicolae Ceauşescu's dictatorship and offer insights into the inner ...
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Herta Müller's novels force the reader to experience up close life in totalitarian systems. They chart the ‘world of anxiety’ of Nicolae Ceauşescu's dictatorship and offer insights into the inner life of a materially wasted, impoverished, socially destabilized, and morally vacant society that abides in agony. Focusing especially on the Novels Herztier and Heute wär ich mir lieber nicht begegnet, the article discusses Herta Müller's scenarios of vanishing time and absolute power, which, in attempting to obliterate subjective meaning, literally take possession of the body, as examples of the inhumanity of dictatorial systems. It also analyses Müller's aesthetic method, the de-automatization of perception, as a reflection of highly restrictive dictatorship.Less
Herta Müller's novels force the reader to experience up close life in totalitarian systems. They chart the ‘world of anxiety’ of Nicolae Ceauşescu's dictatorship and offer insights into the inner life of a materially wasted, impoverished, socially destabilized, and morally vacant society that abides in agony. Focusing especially on the Novels Herztier and Heute wär ich mir lieber nicht begegnet, the article discusses Herta Müller's scenarios of vanishing time and absolute power, which, in attempting to obliterate subjective meaning, literally take possession of the body, as examples of the inhumanity of dictatorial systems. It also analyses Müller's aesthetic method, the de-automatization of perception, as a reflection of highly restrictive dictatorship.
Antony Black
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198790686
- eISBN:
- 9780191833182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790686.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
Authority lay with the individual king (pharaoh), who was closely identified with god as the agent through whom nature and the people prosper. He was their shepherd; without a pharaoh there would be ...
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Authority lay with the individual king (pharaoh), who was closely identified with god as the agent through whom nature and the people prosper. He was their shepherd; without a pharaoh there would be chaos and starvation. His powers were absolute, all-embracing, and universal. His task was to maintain justice, the right order of things. The world’s oldest ethical and political treatises (c.2000 BCE) taught beneficence to the poor and fairness in adjudication, and offered rewards in an afterlife. They were addressed to all social ranks. Over time, religion and political thought focused more on individuals. From early on, there was awareness of the importance of ‘spin’.Less
Authority lay with the individual king (pharaoh), who was closely identified with god as the agent through whom nature and the people prosper. He was their shepherd; without a pharaoh there would be chaos and starvation. His powers were absolute, all-embracing, and universal. His task was to maintain justice, the right order of things. The world’s oldest ethical and political treatises (c.2000 BCE) taught beneficence to the poor and fairness in adjudication, and offered rewards in an afterlife. They were addressed to all social ranks. Over time, religion and political thought focused more on individuals. From early on, there was awareness of the importance of ‘spin’.
Eiji Fujii
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262019804
- eISBN:
- 9780262314442
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262019804.003.0012
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Macro- and Monetary Economics
This chapter considers the issue of decoupling and recoupling through a window of the well-known positive relationship between national price and per capita income levels. Specifically, it ...
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This chapter considers the issue of decoupling and recoupling through a window of the well-known positive relationship between national price and per capita income levels. Specifically, it investigates time evolution of the income effect on price, known as the Penn effect, while focusing on its differential between developed countries and developing countries. In so doing, it explores ramifications of the recent data revisions by the World Bank. The results reveal significant time variation in the Penn effect, irrespective of the data revision. Further, the findings show that the Penn effect consists of the common effect for all countries, and the effect shared exclusively by developed countries. Importantly, it can be seen that the widely documented positive cross-country price-income association is driven mostly by the effect specific to developed countries. Developing countries, however, also start exhibiting significant but much milder effect in the 1980s or as late as the mid-1990s, depending on the data vintages. To identify the sources of the observed variations in the Penn effect, the chapter further examines implications of trade and financial regimes using nontradables share, trade and financial openness, and exchange rate regimes as controls. While the variables affect national price levels, their differences do not sufficiently account for either the developed-developing country differential or the time variation of the Penn effect. To illustrate the implications of the findings in concrete terms, the study applies the price-income regression in the context of currency misalignment evaluation.Less
This chapter considers the issue of decoupling and recoupling through a window of the well-known positive relationship between national price and per capita income levels. Specifically, it investigates time evolution of the income effect on price, known as the Penn effect, while focusing on its differential between developed countries and developing countries. In so doing, it explores ramifications of the recent data revisions by the World Bank. The results reveal significant time variation in the Penn effect, irrespective of the data revision. Further, the findings show that the Penn effect consists of the common effect for all countries, and the effect shared exclusively by developed countries. Importantly, it can be seen that the widely documented positive cross-country price-income association is driven mostly by the effect specific to developed countries. Developing countries, however, also start exhibiting significant but much milder effect in the 1980s or as late as the mid-1990s, depending on the data vintages. To identify the sources of the observed variations in the Penn effect, the chapter further examines implications of trade and financial regimes using nontradables share, trade and financial openness, and exchange rate regimes as controls. While the variables affect national price levels, their differences do not sufficiently account for either the developed-developing country differential or the time variation of the Penn effect. To illustrate the implications of the findings in concrete terms, the study applies the price-income regression in the context of currency misalignment evaluation.
Violeta Moreno-Lax
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198701002
- eISBN:
- 9780191770517
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198701002.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter summarizes the overall conclusions to which the findings arrived at in previous chapters lead. The research points to a persistent disregard of the particular position of exiles in ...
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This chapter summarizes the overall conclusions to which the findings arrived at in previous chapters lead. The research points to a persistent disregard of the particular position of exiles in relation to pre-border controls. It emphasizes how the general references to human rights and refugee law introduced in each of the instruments analyzed in Part I are insufficient to guarantee the rights identified in Part II. While ‘integrated border management’ (IBM) measures include some recognition of their potential impact on access to asylum in the Member States, no provision is made for adequate procedures and remedies through which compliance with the protection obligations imposed by EU law would be ensured in practice. On this basis, the chapter closes with a final assessment of IBM tools as currently operationalised, suggesting that either these be adapted to the fundamental rights acquis or abandoned as incompatible with the founding values of the EU.Less
This chapter summarizes the overall conclusions to which the findings arrived at in previous chapters lead. The research points to a persistent disregard of the particular position of exiles in relation to pre-border controls. It emphasizes how the general references to human rights and refugee law introduced in each of the instruments analyzed in Part I are insufficient to guarantee the rights identified in Part II. While ‘integrated border management’ (IBM) measures include some recognition of their potential impact on access to asylum in the Member States, no provision is made for adequate procedures and remedies through which compliance with the protection obligations imposed by EU law would be ensured in practice. On this basis, the chapter closes with a final assessment of IBM tools as currently operationalised, suggesting that either these be adapted to the fundamental rights acquis or abandoned as incompatible with the founding values of the EU.
